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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
+<chapter id="printing">
+
+<chapterinfo>
+	<author>
+		<firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname>
+		<affiliation>
+			<orgname> Danka Deutschland GmbH </orgname>
+			<address><email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email></address>
+		</affiliation>
+	</author>
+	&author.jerry;
+	&author.jht;
+	<pubdate>May 31, 2003</pubdate>
+</chapterinfo>
+
+<title>Classical Printing Support</title>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Features and Benefits</title>
+
+<para>
+Printing is often a mission-critical service for the users. Samba can
+provide this service reliably and seamlessly for a client network
+consisting of Windows workstations.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+A Samba print service may be run on a Stand-alone or Domain Member server,
+side by side with file serving functions, or on a dedicated print server.
+It can be made as tight or as loosely secured as needs dictate. Configurations
+may be simple or complex. Available authentication schemes are essentially
+the same as described for file services in previous chapters. Overall,
+Samba's printing support is now able to replace an NT or Windows 2000
+print server full-square, with additional benefits in many cases. Clients
+may download and install drivers and printers through their familiar
+<quote>Point'n'Print</quote> mechanism. Printer installations executed by
+<quote>Logon Scripts</quote> are no problem. Administrators can upload and
+manage drivers to be used by clients through the familiar <quote>Add Printer
+Wizard</quote>. As an additional benefit, driver and printer management may
+be run from the command line or through scripts, making it more efficient
+in case of large numbers of printers. If a central accounting of print jobs
+(tracking every single page and supplying the raw data for all sorts of
+statistical reports) is required, this function is best supported by
+the newer Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS)
+as the print subsystem underneath the Samba hood.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This chapter deals with the foundations of Samba printing as they
+are implemented by the more traditional UNIX (BSD- and System V-style)
+printing systems. Many things covered in this chapter apply also to CUPS.
+If you use CUPS, you may be tempted
+to jump to the next chapter but you will certainly miss a few things if
+you do. It is recommended that you read this chapter as well as <link
+linkend="CUPS-printing">CUPS Printing Support</link>.
+</para>
+
+<note>
+<para>
+Most of the following examples have been verified on Windows XP
+Professional clients. Where this document describes the responses to
+commands given, bear in mind that Windows 200x/XP clients are quite
+similar, but may differ in minor details. Windows NT is somewhat different
+again.
+</para>
+</note>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Technical Introduction</title>
+
+<para>
+Samba's printing support always relies on the installed print subsystem
+of the UNIX OS it runs on. Samba is a <quote>middleman.</quote> It takes
+print files from Windows (or other SMB) clients and passes them to the real
+printing system for further processing, therefore, it needs to communicate with
+both sides: the Windows print clients and the UNIX printing system. Hence, we
+must differentiate between the various client OS types, each of which behave
+differently, as well as the various UNIX print subsystems, which themselves
+have different features and are accessed differently.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This deals with the traditional way of UNIX printing. The next chapter
+covers in great detail the more modern <emphasis>Common UNIX Printing
+System</emphasis> (CUPS).
+</para>
+
+<important><para>CUPS users, be warned: do not just jump on to the next
+chapter. You might miss important information only found here!
+</para></important>
+
+<para>
+It is apparent from postings on the Samba mailing list that print configuration
+is one of the most problematic aspects of Samba administration today. Many
+new Samba administrators have the impression that Samba performs some sort
+of print processing. Rest assured, Samba does not perform any type of print
+processing. It does not do any form of print filtering.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Samba obtains from its clients a data stream (print job) that it spools to a
+local spool area. When the entire print job has been received, Samba invokes
+a local UNIX/Linux print command and passes the spooled file to it. It is
+up to the local system printing subsystems to correctly process the print
+job and to submit it to the printer.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Client to Samba Print Job Processing</title>
+
+<para>
+Successful printing from a Windows client via a Samba print server to a UNIX
+printer involves six (potentially seven) stages:
+</para>
+
+<orderedlist>
+<listitem><para>Windows opens a connection to the printer share.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Samba must authenticate the user.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Windows sends a copy of the print file over the network
+into Samba's spooling area.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Windows closes the connection.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Samba invokes the print command to hand the file over
+to the UNIX print subsystem's spooling area.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>The UNIX print subsystem processes the print job.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>The print file may need to be explicitly deleted
+from the Samba spooling area. This item depends on your print spooler
+configuration settings.</para></listitem>
+
+</orderedlist>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Printing Related Configuration Parameters</title>
+
+<para>
+There are a number of configuration parameters to control Samba's
+printing behavior. Please refer to the man page for &smb.conf; for an
+overview of these. As with other parameters, there are Global Level
+(tagged with a <emphasis>G</emphasis> in the listings) and Service Level
+(<emphasis>S</emphasis>) parameters.
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term>Global Parameters</term>
+		<listitem><para> These <emphasis>may not</emphasis> go into
+		individual share definitions. If they go in by error,
+		the <command>testparm</command> utility can discover this
+		(if you run it) and tell you so.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term>Service Level Parameters</term>
+		<listitem><para> These may be specified in the
+		<smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section of &smb.conf;.
+		In this case they define the default behavior of all individual
+		or service level shares (provided they do not have a different
+		setting defined for the same parameter, thus overriding the
+		global default).
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+</sect2>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Simple Print Configuration</title>
+
+<para>
+<link linkend="simpleprc">Following example</link> shows a simple printing configuration.
+If you compare this with your own, you may find 
+additional parameters that have been pre-configured by your OS
+vendor. Below is a discussion and explanation of the
+parameters. This example does not use many parameters.
+However, in many environments these are enough to provide a valid
+&smb.conf; file that enables all clients to print.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<smbconfexample id="simpleprc">
+<title>Simple configuration with BSD printing</title>
+<smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="printing">bsd</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="load printers">yes</smbconfoption>
+
+<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printable">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="public">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="writable">no</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfexample></para>
+
+<para>
+This is only an example configuration. Samba assigns default values to
+all configuration parameters. The defaults are conservative
+and sensible. When a parameter is specified in the &smb.conf; file, this
+overwrites the default value. The <command>testparm</command> utility when
+run as root is capable of reporting all setting, both default as well as
+&smb.conf; file settings. <command>Testparm</command> gives warnings for all
+mis-configured settings. The complete output is easily 340 lines and more,
+so you may want to pipe it through a pager program.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The syntax for the configuration file is easy to grasp. You should
+know that  is not very picky about its syntax. As has been explained
+elsewhere in this document, Samba tolerates some spelling errors (such
+as <smbconfoption name="browseable"/> instead of
+<smbconfoption name="browseable"/>), and spelling is
+case-insensitive. It is permissible to use <parameter>Yes/No</parameter>
+or <parameter>True/False</parameter> for Boolean settings. Lists of names
+may be separated by commas, spaces or tabs.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Verifying Configuration with <command>testparm</command></title>
+
+<para>
+To see all (or at least most) printing-related settings in Samba, including
+the implicitly used ones, try the command outlined below. This command greps
+for all occurrences of <constant>lp, print, spool, driver, ports</constant>
+and <constant>[</constant> in testparms output. This provides a convenient
+overview of the running <command>smbd</command> print configuration. This
+command does not show individually created printer shares or the spooling
+paths they may use. Here is the output of my Samba setup, with settings
+shown in <link linkend="simpleprc">the example above</link>:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>testparm -s -v | egrep "(lp|print|spool|driver|ports|\[)"</userinput>
+ Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
+ Processing section "[homes]"
+ Processing section "[printers]"
+ 
+ [global]
+        smb ports = 445 139
+        lpq cache time = 10
+        load printers = Yes
+        printcap name = /etc/printcap
+        disable spoolss = No
+        enumports command =
+        addprinter command = 
+        deleteprinter command = 
+        show add printer wizard = Yes
+        os2 driver map =
+        printer admin =
+        min print space = 0
+        max print jobs = 1000
+        printable = No
+        printing = bsd
+        print command = lpr -r -P'%p' %s
+        lpq command = lpq -P'%p'
+        lprm command = lprm -P'%p' %j
+        lppause command =
+        lpresume command =
+        printer name =
+        use client driver = No
+
+ [homes]
+
+ [printers]
+        path = /var/spool/samba
+        printable = Yes
+</screen>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can easily verify which settings were implicitly added by Samba's
+default behavior. <emphasis>Remember: it may
+be important in your future dealings with Samba.</emphasis>
+</para>
+
+<note><para> testparm in Samba-3 behaves differently from that in 2.2.x: used
+without the <quote>-v</quote> switch it only shows you the settings actually
+written into! To see the complete
+configuration used, add the <quote>-v</quote> parameter to testparm.</para></note>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Rapid Configuration Validation</title>
+
+<para>
+Should you need to troubleshoot at any stage, please always come back
+to this point first and verify if <command>testparm</command> shows the parameters you
+expect. To give you a warning from personal experience,
+try to just comment out the <smbconfoption name="load printers"/>
+parameter. If your 2.2.x system behaves like mine, you'll see this:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;grep "load printers" /etc/samba/smb.conf
+        #  load printers = Yes
+        # This setting is commented out!!
+ 
+&rootprompt;testparm -v /etc/samba/smb.conf | egrep "(load printers)"
+        load printers = Yes
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+I assumed that commenting out of this setting should prevent Samba from
+publishing my printers, but it still did. It took some time to figure out
+the reason. But I am no longer fooled ... at least not by this.
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>grep -A1 "load printers" /etc/samba/smb.conf</userinput>
+        load printers = No
+        # The above setting is what I want!
+        #  load printers = Yes
+        # This setting is commented out!
+
+&rootprompt;<userinput>testparm -s -v smb.conf.simpleprinting | egrep "(load printers)"</userinput>
+        load printers = No
+
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+Only when the parameter is explicitly set to
+<smbconfoption name="load printers">No</smbconfoption>
+would Samba conform with my intentions. So, my strong advice is:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+<listitem><para>Never rely on commented out parameters.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Always set parameters explicitly as you intend them to
+behave.</para></listitem>
+
+<listitem><para>Use <command>testparm</command> to uncover hidden
+settings that might not reflect your intentions.</para></listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The following is the most minimal configuration file:
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>cat /etc/samba/smb.conf-minimal</userinput>
+        [printers]
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+This example should show that you can use testparm to test any Samba
+configuration file. Actually, we encourage you <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+to change your working system (unless you know exactly what you are
+doing). Don't rely on the assumption that changes will only take effect after
+you re-start smbd!  This is not the case. Samba re-reads it every 60 seconds
+and on each new client connection. You might have to face changes for your
+production clients that you didn't intend to apply. You will now
+note a few more interesting things; <command>testparm</command> is useful to
+identify what the Samba print configuration would be if you used this minimalistic
+configuration. Here is what you can expect to find:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>testparm -v smb.conf-minimal | egrep "(print|lpq|spool|driver|ports|[)"</userinput>
+ Processing section "[printers]"
+ WARNING: [printers] service MUST be printable!
+ No path in service printers - using /tmp
+
+        lpq cache time = 10
+        load printers = Yes
+        printcap name = /etc/printcap
+        disable spoolss = No
+        enumports command =
+        addprinter command =
+        deleteprinter command =
+        show add printer wizard = Yes
+        os2 driver map =
+        printer admin =
+        min print space = 0
+        max print jobs = 1000
+        printable = No
+        printing = bsd
+        print command = lpr -r -P%p %s
+        lpq command = lpq -P%p
+        printer name =
+        use client driver = No
+
+ [printers]
+        printable = Yes
+
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+testparm issued two warnings:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>We did not specify the <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> section as printable.</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para>We did not tell Samba which spool directory to use.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+However, this was not fatal and Samba will default to values that will
+work. Please, do not rely on this and do not use this example. This was
+included to encourage you to be careful to design and specify your setup to do
+precisely what you require. The outcome on your system may vary for some
+parameters given, since Samba may have been built with  different compile-time
+options. <emphasis>Warning:</emphasis> do not put a comment sign
+<emphasis>at the end</emphasis> of a valid line. It will cause the parameter
+to be ignored (just as if you had put the comment sign at the front). At first
+I regarded this as a bug in my Samba versions. But the man page clearly says:
+<quote>Internal whitespace in a parameter value is retained verbatim.</quote>
+This means that a line consisting of, for example:
+</para>
+
+<para><smbconfblock>
+<smbconfcomment>This defines LPRng as the printing system</smbconfcomment>
+<smbconfoption name="printing"> lprng</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfblock></para>
+
+<para>
+will regard the whole of the string after the
+<quote><constant>=</constant></quote> sign as the value you want to
+define. This is an invalid value that will be ignored and a default
+value will be
+used in its place.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Extended Printing Configuration</title>
+
+<para>
+<link linkend="extbsdpr">Next configuration</link> shows a more verbose example configuration
+for print-related settings in a BSD-style printing environment. What follows
+is a discussion and explanation of the various parameters. We chose to
+use BSD-style printing here because it is still the most commonly used
+system on legacy UNIX/Linux installations. New installations predominantly
+use CUPS, which is discussed in a separate chapter. The example explicitly
+names many parameters that do not need to be specified because they are set
+by default. You could use a much leaner &smb.conf; file. Alternately, you can use
+<command>testparm</command> or <command>SWAT</command> to optimize the &smb.conf;
+file to remove all parameters that are set at default.
+</para>
+
+<para><smbconfexample id="extbsdpr">
+	<title>Extended BSD Printing Configuration</title>
+<smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="printing">bsd</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="load printers">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printcap name">/etc/printcap</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printer admin">@ntadmin, root</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="max print jobs">100</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="lpq cache time">20</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="use client driver">no</smbconfoption>
+
+<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="comment">All Printers</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printable">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="browseable">no</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="public">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="read only">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="writable">no       </smbconfoption>
+
+<smbconfsection name="[my_printer_name]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="comment">Printer with Restricted Access</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba_my_printer</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printer admin">kurt</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="browseable">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="printable">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="writable">no</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="hosts allow">0.0.0.0</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="hosts deny">turbo_xp, 10.160.50.23, 10.160.51.60</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="guest ok">no</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfexample></para>
+
+<para>
+This is an example configuration. You may not find all the settings that are in 
+the configuration file that was provided by the OS vendor. Samba configuration
+parameters, if not explicitly set default to a sensible value.
+To see all settings, as <constant>root</constant> use the <command>testparm</command>
+utility. <command>testparm</command> gives warnings for mis-configured settings.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Detailed Explanation Settings</title>
+
+<para>
+The following is a discussion of the settings from above shown example.
+</para>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>The [global] Section</title>
+
+<para>
+The <smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section is one of four special
+sections (along with [<smbconfsection name="[homes]"/>,
+<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
+and <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>...). The
+<smbconfsection name="[global]"/> contains all parameters which apply
+to the server as a whole. It is the place for parameters that have only a
+global meaning. It may also contain service level parameters that then define
+default settings for all other sections and shares. This way you can simplify
+the configuration and avoid setting the same value repeatedly. (Within each
+individual section or share you may, however, override these globally set
+share settings and specify other values).
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Causes Samba to use default print commands
+		applicable for the BSD (also known as RFC 1179 style or LPR/LPD) printing
+		system. In general, the <parameter>printing</parameter> parameter informs Samba about the
+		print subsystem it should expect. Samba supports CUPS, LPD, LPRNG,
+		SYSV, HPUX, AIX, QNX, and PLP. Each of these systems defaults to a
+		different <smbconfoption name="print command"/> (and other queue control
+		commands).</para>
+
+		<caution><para>The <smbconfoption name="printing"/> parameter is
+		normally a service level parameter. Since it is included here in the
+		<smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section, it will take effect for all
+		printer shares that are not defined differently. Samba-3 no longer
+		supports the SOFTQ printing system.</para></caution>
+	</listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="load printers">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Tells Samba to create automatically all
+		available printer shares. Available printer shares are discovered by
+		scanning the printcap file. All created printer shares are also loaded
+		for browsing. If you use this parameter, you do not need to specify
+		separate shares for each printer. Each automatically created printer
+		share will clone the configuration options found in the
+		<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> section. (The <parameter>load printers
+		= no</parameter> setting will allow you to specify each UNIX printer
+		you want to share separately, leaving out some you do not want to be
+		publicly visible and available).</para>
+	</listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Setting is normally enabled by default (even if the parameter is not specified in &smb.conf;).
+		It causes the <guiicon>Add Printer Wizard</guiicon> icon to appear
+		in the <guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder of the Samba host's
+		share listing (as shown in <guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon> or
+		by the <command>net view</command> command). To disable it, you need to
+		explicitly set it to <constant>no</constant> (commenting it out
+		will not suffice). The <parameter>Add Printer Wizard</parameter> lets you upload printer
+		drivers to the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share and associate it
+		with a printer (if the respective queue exists before the
+		action), or exchange a printer's driver against any other previously
+		uploaded driver.</para>
+	</listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="max print jobs">100 </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Sets the upper limit to 100 print jobs
+		being active on the Samba server at any one time. Should a client
+		submit a job that exceeds this number, a <quote>no more space
+		available on server</quote> type of error message will be returned by
+		Samba to the client. A setting of zero (the default) means there is
+		<emphasis>no</emphasis> limit at all.
+	</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printcap name">/etc/printcap </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Tells Samba where to look for a list of
+		available printer names. Where CUPS is used, make sure that a printcap
+		file is written. This is controlled by the <constant>Printcap</constant> directive in the 
+		<filename>cupsd.conf</filename> file.
+	</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printer admin">@ntadmin </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Members of the ntadmin group should be able to add
+		drivers and set printer properties (<constant>ntadmin</constant> is only an example name,
+		it needs to be a valid UNIX group name); root is implicitly always a
+		<smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>. The @ sign precedes group names in the
+		<filename>/etc/group</filename>. A printer admin can do anything to
+		printers via the remote administration interfaces offered by MS-RPC
+		(see below). In larger installations, the <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>
+		parameter is normally a per-share parameter. This permits different groups to administer each printer share.
+	</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="lpq cache time">20 </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>Controls the cache time for the results of the
+		lpq command. It prevents the lpq command being called too often and
+		reduces the load on a heavily used print server.
+	</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="use client driver">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>If set to <constant>yes</constant>, only 
+		takes effect for Windows NT/200x/XP clients (and not for Win 95/98/ME). Its
+		default value is <constant>No</constant> (or <constant>False</constant>).
+		It must <emphasis>not</emphasis> be enabled on print shares 
+		(with a <constant>yes</constant> or <constant>true</constant> setting) that
+		have valid drivers installed on the Samba server. For more detailed
+		explanations see the &smb.conf; man page.
+	</para></listitem></varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3 id="ptrsect">
+<title>The [printers] Section</title>
+
+<para>
+This is the second special section. If a section with this name appears in
+the &smb.conf;, users are able to connect to any printer specified in the
+Samba host's printcap file, because Samba on startup then creates a printer
+share for every printer name it finds in the printcap file. You could regard
+this section as a general convenience shortcut to share all printers with
+minimal configuration. It is also a container for settings that should
+apply as default to all printers. (For more details see the &smb.conf;
+man page.) Settings inside this container must be Share Level parameters.
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="comment">All printers </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The <smbconfoption name="comment"/> is shown next to the share if
+		a client queries the server, either via <guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon> or with
+		the <command>net view</command> command to list available shares.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printable">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> service <emphasis>must</emphasis>
+		be declared as printable. If you specify otherwise, smbd will refuse to load  at
+		startup. This parameter allows connected clients to open, write to and submit spool files
+		into the directory specified with the <smbconfoption name="path"/>
+		parameter for this service. It is used by Samba to differentiate printer shares from
+		file shares. 
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Must point to a directory used by Samba to spool incoming print files. <emphasis>It
+		must not be the same as the spool directory specified in the configuration of your UNIX
+		print subsystem!</emphasis> The path typically points to a directory that is world
+		writable, with the <quote>sticky</quote> bit set to it.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="browseable">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Is always set to <constant>no</constant> if
+		<smbconfoption name="printable">yes</smbconfoption>. It makes
+		the <smbconfsection name="[printer]"/> share itself invisible in the list of
+		available shares in a <command>net view</command> command or in the Explorer browse
+		list. (You will of course see the individual printers).
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		If this parameter is set to <constant>yes</constant>, no password is required to
+		connect to the printer's service. Access will be granted with the privileges of the
+		<smbconfoption name="guest account"/>. On many systems the guest
+		account will map to a user named <quote>nobody</quote>. This user will usually be found
+		in the UNIX passwd file with an empty password, but with no valid UNIX login. (On some
+		systems the guest account might not have the privilege to be able to print. Test this
+		by logging in as your guest user using <command>su - guest</command> and run a system
+		print command like:
+		</para>
+	
+		<para>
+		<userinput>lpr -P printername /etc/motd</userinput>
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="public">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Is a synonym for <smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes</smbconfoption>.
+		Since we have <smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes</smbconfoption>, it
+		really does not need to be here. (This leads to the interesting question: <quote>What if I
+		by accident have two contradictory settings for the same share?</quote> The answer is the
+		last one encountered by Samba wins. Testparm does not complain about different settings
+		of the same parameter for the same share. You can test this by setting up multiple
+		lines for the <parameter>guest account</parameter> parameter with different usernames,
+		and then run testparm to see which one is actually used by Samba.)
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="read only">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Normally (for other types of shares) prevents users from creating or modifying files
+		in the service's directory. However, in a <quote>printable</quote> service, it is
+		<emphasis>always</emphasis> allowed to write to the directory (if user privileges allow the
+		connection), but only via print spooling operations. Normal write operations are not permitted.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="writable">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Is a synonym for <smbconfoption name="read only">yes</smbconfoption>.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Any [my_printer_name] Section</title>
+
+<para>
+If a section appears in the &smb.conf; file, which when given the parameter
+<smbconfoption name="printable">yes</smbconfoption> causes Samba to configure it
+as a printer share. Windows 9x/Me clients may have problems with connecting or loading printer drivers
+if the share name has more than eight characters. Do not name a printer share with a name that may conflict
+with an existing user or file share name. On Client connection requests, Samba always tries to find file
+shares with that name first. If it finds one, it will connect to this and will not connect
+to a printer with the same name!
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="comment">Printer with Restricted Access </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The comment says it all.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba_my_printer </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Sets the spooling area for this printer to a directory other than the default. It is not
+		necessary to set it differently, but the option is available.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printer admin">kurt </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The printer admin definition is different for this explicitly defined printer share from the general
+		<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> share. It is not a requirement; we
+		did it to show that it is possible.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="browseable">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		This makes the printer browseable so the clients may conveniently find it when browsing the
+		<guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon>.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="printable">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		See <link linkend="ptrsect">The [printers] Section</link>.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="writable">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		See <link linkend="ptrsect">The [printers] Section</link>.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="hosts allow">10.160.50.,10.160.51. </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Here we exercise a certain degree of access control by using the <smbconfoption name="hosts allow"/> and <smbconfoption name="hosts deny"/>
+		parameters. This is not by any means a safe bet. It is not a way to secure your
+		printers. This line accepts all clients from a certain subnet in a first evaluation of
+		access control.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="hosts deny">turbo_xp,10.160.50.23,10.160.51.60 </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		All listed hosts are not allowed here (even if they belong to the allowed subnets). As
+		you can see, you could name IP addresses as well as NetBIOS hostnames here.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="guest ok">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		This printer is not open for the guest account.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Print Commands</title>
+
+<para>
+In each section defining a printer (or in the <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> section),
+a <parameter>print command</parameter> parameter may be defined. It sets a command to process the files
+that have been placed into the Samba print spool directory for that printer. (That spool directory was,
+if you remember, set up with the <smbconfoption name="path"/> parameter). Typically,
+this command will submit the spool file to the Samba host's print subsystem, using the suitable system
+print command. But there is no requirement that this needs to be the case. For debugging or
+some other reason, you may want to do something completely different than print the file. An example is a
+command that just copies the print file to a temporary location for further investigation when you need
+to debug printing. If you craft your own print commands (or even develop print command shell scripts),
+make sure you pay attention to the need to remove the files from the Samba spool directory. Otherwise,
+your hard disk may soon suffer from shortage of free space.
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Default UNIX System Printing Commands</title>
+
+<para>
+You learned earlier on that Samba, in most cases, uses its built-in settings for many parameters
+if it cannot find an explicitly stated one in its configuration file. The same is true for the
+<smbconfoption name="print command"/>. The default print command varies depending
+on the <smbconfoption name="printing"/> parameter setting. In the commands listed
+below, you will notice some parameters of the form <emphasis>%X</emphasis> where <emphasis>X</emphasis> is
+<emphasis>p, s, J</emphasis>, and so on. These letters stand for printer name, spool-file and job ID, respectively.
+They are explained in more detail further below. <link linkend="printOptions">Next table</link> presents an overview of key
+printing options but excludes the special case of CUPS that is discussed in <link linkend="CUPS-printing">CUPS Printing Support</link>.
+</para>
+
+<table frame='all' id="printOptions">
+	<title>Default Printing Settings</title>
+	<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+		<colspec align="left"/>
+		<colspec align="left"/>
+	<thead>
+		<row>
+		<entry>Setting</entry>
+		<entry>Default Printing Commands</entry>
+		</row>
+	</thead>
+	<tbody>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd|aix|lprng|plp</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>print command is <command>lpr -r -P%p %s</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">sysv|hpux</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>print command is <command>lp -c -P%p %s; rm %s</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry> <smbconfoption name="printing">qnx</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>print command is <command>lp -r -P%p -s %s</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd|aix|lprng|plp</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpq command is <command>lpq -P%p</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">sysv|hpux</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpq command is <command>lpstat -o%p</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">qnx</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpq command is <command>lpq -P%p</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd|aix|lprng|plp</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lprm command is <command>lprm -P%p %j</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">sysv|hpux</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lprm command is <command>cancel %p-%j</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">qnx</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lprm command is <command>cancel %p-%j</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd|aix|lprng|plp</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lppause command is <command>lp -i %p-%j -H hold</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">sysv|hpux</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lppause command   (...is empty)</entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">qnx</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lppause command   (...is empty)</entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">bsd|aix|lprng|plp</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpresume command is <command>lp -i %p-%j -H resume</command></entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">sysv|hpux</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpresume command   (...is empty)</entry>
+		</row>
+		<row>
+		<entry><smbconfoption name="printing">qnx</smbconfoption></entry>
+		<entry>lpresume command   (...is empty)</entry>
+		</row>
+	</tbody>
+	</tgroup>
+</table>
+
+<para>
+We excluded the special case of CUPS here, because it is discussed in the next chapter. For
+<parameter>printing = CUPS</parameter>, if Samba is compiled against libcups, it uses the CUPS API to submit
+jobs. (It is a good idea also to set <smbconfoption name="printcap">cups</smbconfoption>
+in case your <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> is set to write its auto-generated printcap file to an
+unusual place). Otherwise, Samba maps to the System V printing commands with the -oraw option for printing,
+i.e., it uses <command>lp -c -d%p -oraw; rm %s</command>. With <parameter>printing = cups</parameter>,
+and if Samba is compiled against libcups, any manually set print command will be ignored!
+</para>
+
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Custom Print Commands</title>
+
+<para>
+After a print job has finished spooling to a service, the <smbconfoption name="print command"/>
+ will be used by Samba via a <emphasis>system()</emphasis> call to process the
+spool file. Usually the command specified will submit the spool file to the host's printing subsystem. But
+there is no requirement at all that this must be the case. The print subsystem may not remove the spool
+file on its own. So whatever command you specify, you should ensure that the spool file is deleted after
+it has been processed.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+There is no difficulty with using your own customized print commands with the traditional printing
+systems. However, if you do not wish to roll your own, you should be well informed about the default
+built-in commands that Samba uses for each printing subsystem (see
+Table 17.1). In all the
+commands listed in the last paragraphs, you see parameters of the form <emphasis>%X</emphasis>. These are
+<emphasis>macros</emphasis>, or shortcuts, used as place-holders for the names of real objects. At the time
+of running a command with such a placeholder, Samba will insert the appropriate value automatically. Print
+commands can handle all Samba macro substitutions. In regard to printing, the following ones do have
+special relevance:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para><parameter>%s, %f</parameter> &smbmdash; the path to the spool file name.</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para><parameter>%p</parameter> &smbmdash; the appropriate printer name.</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para><parameter>%J</parameter> &smbmdash; the job name as transmitted by the client.</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para><parameter>%c</parameter> &smbmdash; the number of printed pages of the spooled job (if known).</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para><parameter>%z</parameter> &smbmdash; the size of the spooled print job (in bytes).</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The print command must contain at least one occurrence of <parameter>%s</parameter> or
+the <parameter>%f</parameter>. The <parameter>%p</parameter> is optional. If no printer name is supplied,
+the <parameter>%p</parameter> will be silently removed from the print command. In this case, the job is
+sent to the default printer.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If specified in the <smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section, the print command given will be
+used for any printable service that does not have its own print command specified. If there is neither a
+specified print command for a printable service nor a global print command, spool files will be created
+but not processed! Most importantly, print files will not be removed, so they will consume disk space.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Printing may fail on some UNIX systems when using the <quote>nobody</quote> account. If this happens, create an
+alternative guest account and give it the privilege to print. Set up this guest account in the
+<smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section with the <parameter>guest account</parameter> parameter.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can form quite complex print commands. You need to realize that print commands are just
+passed to a UNIX shell. The shell is able to expand the included environment variables as
+usual. (The syntax to include a UNIX environment variable <parameter>$variable</parameter>
+in the Samba print command is <parameter>%$variable</parameter>.) To give you a working
+<smbconfoption name="print command"/> example, the following will log a print job
+to <filename>/tmp/print.log</filename>, print the file, then remove it. The semicolon (<quote>;</quote>
+is the usual separator for commands in shell scripts:
+</para>
+
+<para><smbconfblock>
+	<smbconfoption name="print command">echo Printing %s &gt;&gt; /tmp/print.log; lpr -P %p %s; rm %s</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfblock></para>
+
+<para>
+You may have to vary your own command considerably from this example depending on how you normally print
+files on your system. The default for the <smbconfoption name="print command"/>
+parameter varies depending on the setting of the <smbconfoption name="printing"/>
+parameter. Another example is:
+</para>
+
+<para><smbconfblock>
+<smbconfoption name="print command">/usr/local/samba/bin/myprintscript %p %s</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfblock></para>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Printing Developments Since Samba-2.2</title>
+
+<para>
+Prior to Samba-2.2.x, print server support for Windows clients was limited to <emphasis>LanMan</emphasis>
+printing calls. This is the same protocol level as Windows 9x/Me PCs offer when they share printers.
+Beginning with the 2.2.0 release, Samba started to support the native Windows NT printing mechanisms. These
+are implemented via <emphasis>MS-RPC</emphasis> (RPC = <emphasis>Remote Procedure Calls</emphasis>
+). MS-RPCs use the <emphasis>SPOOLSS</emphasis> named pipe for all printing.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The additional functionality provided by the new SPOOLSS support includes:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Support for downloading printer driver files to Windows 95/98/NT/2000 clients upon
+	demand (<emphasis>Point'n'Print</emphasis>).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Uploading of printer drivers via the Windows NT <emphasis>Add Printer Wizard</emphasis> (APW)
+	or the <ulink url="http://imprints.sourceforge.net/">Imprints</ulink> tool set.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Support for the native MS-RPC printing calls such as
+	StartDocPrinter, EnumJobs(), and so on.	(See the
+	<ulink url="http://msdn.microsoft.com/">MSDN documentation</ulink> for more information on the
+	Win32 printing API).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Support for NT <emphasis>Access Control Lists</emphasis> (ACL) on printer objects.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Improved support for printer queue manipulation through the use of internal databases for spooled
+	job information (implemented by various <filename>*.tdb</filename> files).
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+A benefit of updating is that Samba-3 is able to publish its printers to Active Directory (or LDAP).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+A fundamental difference exists between MS Windows NT print servers and Samba operation. Windows NT
+permits the installation of local printers that are not shared. This is an artifact of the fact that
+any Windows NT machine (server or client) may be used by a user as a workstation. Samba will publish all
+printers that are made available, either by default or by specific declaration via printer-specific shares.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Windows NT/200x/XP Professional clients do not have to use the standard SMB printer share; they can
+print directly to any printer on another Windows NT host using MS-RPC. This, of course, assumes that
+the client has the necessary privileges on the remote host that serves the printer resource. The
+default permissions assigned by Windows NT to a printer gives the Print permissions to the well-known
+<emphasis>Everyone</emphasis> group. (The older clients of type Windows 9x/Me can only print to shared
+printers).
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Point'n'Print Client Drivers on Samba Servers</title>
+
+<para>
+There is much confusion about what all this means. The question is often asked, <quote>Is it or is
+it not necessary for printer drivers to be installed on a Samba host in order to support printing from
+Windows clients?</quote> The answer to this is no, it is not necessary.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Windows NT/2000 clients can, of course, also run their APW to install drivers <emphasis>locally</emphasis>
+(which then connect to a Samba-served print queue). This is the same method used by Windows 9x/Me
+clients. (However, a <emphasis>bug</emphasis> existed in Samba 2.2.0 that made Windows NT/2000 clients
+require that the Samba server possess a valid driver for the printer. This was fixed in Samba 2.2.1).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+But it is a new capability to install the printer drivers into the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+share of the Samba server, and a big convenience, too. Then <emphasis>all</emphasis> clients
+(including 95/98/ME) get the driver installed when they first connect to this printer share. The
+<emphasis>uploading</emphasis> or <emphasis>depositing</emphasis> of the driver into this
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share and the following binding of this driver to an existing
+Samba printer share can be achieved by different means:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Running the <emphasis>APW</emphasis> on an NT/200x/XP Professional client (this does not work from 95/98/ME clients).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Using the <emphasis>Imprints</emphasis> tool-set.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Using the <emphasis>smbclient</emphasis> and <emphasis>rpcclient</emphasis> command-line tools.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Using <emphasis>cupsaddsmb</emphasis> (only works for the CUPS
+	printing system, not for LPR/LPD, LPRng, and so on).
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+Samba does not use these uploaded drivers in any way to process spooled files. These drivers are utilized
+entirely by the clients who download and install them via the <quote>Point'n'Print</quote> mechanism
+supported by Samba. The clients use these drivers to generate print files in the format the printer
+(or the UNIX print system) requires. Print files received by Samba are handed over to the UNIX printing
+system, which is responsible for all further processing, as needed.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>The Obsoleted [printer$] Section</title>
+
+	<para>
+	Versions of Samba prior to 2.2 made it possible to use a share named
+	<parameter>[printer$]</parameter>. This name was taken from the same named service created by
+	Windows 9x/Me clients when a printer was shared by them. Windows 9x/Me printer servers always
+	have a <smbconfsection name="[printer$]"/> service that provides read-only access (with
+	no password required) to support printer driver downloads. However, Samba's initial
+	implementation allowed for a parameter named <parameter>printer driver location</parameter> to
+	be used on a per share basis. This specified the location of the driver files associated with
+	that printer. Another parameter named <parameter>printer driver</parameter> provided a means of
+	defining the printer driver name to be sent to the client.
+	</para>
+
+	<para>
+	These parameters, including the <parameter>printer driver file</parameter> parameter,
+	are now removed and cannot be used in installations of Samba-3. The share name
+	<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> is now used for the location of download-able printer
+	drivers. It is taken from the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> service created
+	by Windows NT PCs when a printer is shared by them. Windows NT print servers always have a
+	<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> service that provides read-write access (in the context
+	of its ACLs) to support printer driver downloads and uploads. This does not mean Windows
+	9x/Me clients are now thrown aside. They can use Samba's <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+	share support just fine.
+	</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Creating the [print$] Share</title>
+
+<para>
+In order to support the uploading and downloading of printer driver files, you must first configure a
+file share named <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>. The public name of this share is hard coded
+in the MS Windows clients. It cannot be renamed since Windows clients are programmed to search for a
+service of exactly this name if they want to retrieve printer driver files.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You should modify the server's file to add the global parameters and create the
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> file share (of course, some of the parameter values, such
+as <smbconfoption name="path"/> are arbitrary and should be replaced with appropriate values for your
+site). See <link linkend="prtdollar">next example</link>.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<smbconfexample id="prtdollar">
+<title>[print\$] example</title>
+<smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
+<smbconfcomment>members of the ntadmin group should be able to add drivers and set</smbconfcomment>
+<smbconfcomment>printer properties. root is implicitly always a 'printer admin'.</smbconfcomment>
+<smbconfoption name="printer admin">@ntadmin</smbconfoption>
+<member>...</member>
+<smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
+<member>...</member>
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+<smbconfoption name="comment">Printer Driver Download Area</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="path">/etc/samba/drivers</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="browseable">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="read only">yes</smbconfoption>
+<smbconfoption name="write list">@ntadmin, root</smbconfoption>
+</smbconfexample>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Of course, you also need to ensure that the directory named by the
+<smbconfoption name="path"/> parameter exists on the UNIX file system.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>[print$] Section Parameters</title>
+
+<para>
+The <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> is a special section in &smb.conf;. It contains settings relevant to
+potential printer driver download and is used by windows clients for local print driver installation.
+The following parameters are frequently needed in this share section:
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="comment">Printer Driver Download Area </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The comment appears next to the share name if it is listed in a share list (usually Windows
+		clients will not see it, but it will also appear up in a <command>smbclient -L sambaserver
+		</command> output).
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="path">/etc/samba/printers </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Is the path to the location of the Windows driver file deposit from the UNIX point of view.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="browseable">no </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Makes the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share invisible to clients from the
+		<guimenu>Network Neighborhood</guimenu>. However, you can still mount it from any client
+		using the <command>net use g:\\sambaserver\print$</command> command in a DOS-box or the
+		<guimenu>Connect network drive menu></guimenu> from Windows Explorer.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="guest ok">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Gives read-only access to this share for all guest users. Access may be granted to
+		download and install printer drivers on clients. The requirement for <parameter>guest ok
+		= yes</parameter> depends on how your site is configured. If users will be guaranteed
+		to have an account on the Samba host, then this is a non-issue.
+		</para>
+
+		<note><para> 
+		If all your Windows NT users are guaranteed to be authenticated by the Samba server
+		(for example, if Samba authenticates via an NT domain server and the user has already been
+		validated by the Domain Controller in order to logon to the Windows NT session), then guest
+		access is not necessary. Of course, in a workgroup environment where you just want
+		to print without worrying about silly accounts and security, then configure the share for
+		guest access. You should consider adding <smbconfoption name="map to guest">Bad	User</smbconfoption> in the <smbconfsection name="[global]"/> section
+		as well. Make sure you understand what this parameter does before using it.
+		</para></note>
+		</listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="read only">yes </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		Because we do not want everybody to upload driver files (or even change driver settings),
+		we tagged this share as not writable.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+
+	<varlistentry><term><smbconfoption name="write list">@ntadmin, root </smbconfoption></term>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> was made read-only by the previous
+		setting so we should create a <parameter>write list</parameter> entry also. UNIX
+		groups (denoted with a leading <quote>@</quote> character). Users listed here are allowed
+		write-access (as an exception to the general public's read-only access), which they need to
+		update files on the share. Normally, you will want to only name administrative-level user
+		account in this setting. Check the file system permissions to make sure these accounts
+		can copy files to the share. If this is a non-root account, then the account should also
+		be mentioned in the global <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>
+		parameter. See the &smb.conf; man page for more information on configuring file shares.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>The [print$] Share Directory</title>
+
+<para>
+In order for a Windows NT print server to support the downloading of driver files by multiple client
+architectures, you must create several subdirectories within the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+service (i.e., the UNIX directory named by the <smbconfoption name="path"/>
+parameter). These correspond to each of the supported client architectures. Samba follows this model as
+well. Just like the name of the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share itself, the subdirectories
+must be exactly the names listed below (you may leave out the subdirectories of architectures you do
+not need to support).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Therefore, create a directory tree below the
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share for each architecture you wish
+to support like this:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+[print$]--+
+          |--W32X86           # serves drivers to Windows NT x86
+          |--WIN40            # serves drivers to Windows 95/98
+          |--W32ALPHA         # serves drivers to Windows NT Alpha_AXP
+          |--W32MIPS          # serves drivers to Windows NT R4000
+          |--W32PPC           # serves drivers to Windows NT PowerPC
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<important><title>Required permissions</title>
+	<para>
+	In order to add a new driver to your Samba host, one of two conditions must hold true:
+	</para>
+
+	<itemizedlist>
+		<listitem><para>
+		The account used to connect to the Samba host must have a UID of 0 (i.e., a root account).
+		</para></listitem>
+
+		<listitem><para>
+		The account used to connect to the Samba host must be named in the <emphasis>printer admin</emphasis>list.
+		</para></listitem>
+	</itemizedlist>
+
+	<para>
+	Of course, the connected account must still have write access to add files to the subdirectories beneath
+	<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>. Remember that all file shares are set to <quote>read-only</quote> by default.
+	</para>
+</important>
+
+<para>
+Once you have created the required <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> service and
+associated subdirectories, go to a Windows NT 4.0/200x/XP client workstation. Open <guiicon>Network
+Neighborhood</guiicon> or <guiicon>My Network Places</guiicon> and browse for the Samba host. Once you
+have located the server, navigate to its <guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder. You should see
+an initial listing of printers that matches the printer shares defined on your Samba host.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Installing Drivers into [print$]</title>
+
+<para>
+Have you successfully created the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share in &smb.conf;, and have your forced Samba
+to re-read its &smb.conf; file? Good. But you are not yet ready to use the new facility. The client driver
+files need to be installed into this share. So far it is still an empty share. Unfortunately, it is
+not enough to just copy the driver files over. They need to be
+correctly installed so that appropriate
+records for each driver will exist in the Samba internal databases so it can provide the correct
+drivers as they are requested from MS Windows clients. And that is a bit tricky, to say the least. We
+now discuss two alternative ways to install the drivers into <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Using the Samba command-line utility <command>rpcclient</command> with its various subcommands (here:
+	<command>adddriver</command> and <command>setdriver</command>) from any UNIX workstation.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Running a GUI (<guiicon>Printer Properties</guiicon> and <guiicon>Add Printer Wizard</guiicon>)
+	from any Windows NT/200x/XP client workstation.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The latter option is probably the easier one (even if the process may seem a little bit weird at first).
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Add Printer Wizard Driver Installation</title>
+
+<para>
+The initial listing of printers in the Samba host's <guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder accessed from a
+client's Explorer will have no real printer driver assigned to them. By default this driver name is set
+to a null string. This must be changed now. The local <guiicon>Add Printer Wizard</guiicon> (APW), run from
+NT/2000/XP clients, will help us in this task.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Installation of a valid printer driver is not straightforward. You must attempt
+to view the printer properties for the printer to which you want the driver assigned. Open the Windows
+Explorer, open <guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon>, browse to the Samba host, open Samba's <guiicon>Printers</guiicon>
+folder, right-click on the printer icon and select <guimenu>Properties...</guimenu>. You are now trying to
+view printer and driver properties for a queue that has this default <constant>NULL</constant> driver
+assigned. This will result in the following error message:
+</para>
+
+	<para><errorname>
+	Device settings cannot be displayed. The driver for the specified printer is not installed,
+	only spooler properties will be displayed. Do you want to install the driver now?
+	</errorname></para>
+
+<para>
+Do not click on <guibutton>Yes</guibutton>!  Instead, click on <guibutton>No</guibutton> in the error dialog.
+Only now you will be presented with the printer properties window. From here, the way to assign a driver
+to a printer is open to us. You now have the choice of:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Select a driver from the pop-up list of installed drivers. Initially this list will be empty.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Click on <guibutton>New Driver</guibutton> to install a new printer driver (which will
+	start up the APW).
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+Once the APW is started, the procedure is exactly the same as the one you are familiar with in Windows (we
+assume here that you are familiar with the printer driver installations procedure on Windows NT). Make sure
+your connection is, in fact, setup as a user with <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>
+privileges (if in doubt, use <command>smbstatus</command> to check for this). If you wish to install
+printer drivers for client operating systems other than <application>Windows NT x86</application>,
+you will need to use the <guilabel>Sharing</guilabel> tab of the printer properties dialog.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Assuming you have connected with an administrative (or root) account (as named by the
+<smbconfoption name="printer admin"/> parameter), you will also be able to modify
+other printer properties such as ACLs and default device settings using this dialog. For the default
+device settings, please consider the advice given further in <link linkend="inst-rpc">Installing Print Drivers Using <command>rpcclient</command></link>.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="inst-rpc">
+<title>Installing Print Drivers Using <command>rpcclient</command></title>
+
+<para>
+The second way to install printer drivers into <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> and set them
+up in a valid way is to do it from the UNIX command line. This involves four distinct steps:
+</para>
+
+<orderedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Gather info about required driver files and collect the files.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Deposit the driver files into the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share's correct subdirectories
+	(possibly by using <command>smbclient</command>).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Run the <command>rpcclient</command> command line utility once with the <command>adddriver</command>
+	subcommand.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Run <command>rpcclient</command> a second time with the <command>setdriver</command> subcommand.
+	</para></listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+
+<para>
+We provide detailed hints for each of these steps in the paragraphs that follow.
+</para>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Identifying Driver Files</title>
+
+<para>
+To find out about the driver files, you have two options. You could check the contents of the driver
+CDROM that came with your printer. Study the <filename>*.inf</filename> files lcoated on the CDROM. This
+may not be possible, since the <filename>*.inf</filename> file might be missing. Unfortunately, vendors have now started
+to use their own installation programs. These installations packages are often in some Windows platform
+archive format. Additionally, the files may be re-named during the installation process. This makes it
+extremely difficult to identify the driver files required.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Then you only have the second option. Install the driver locally on a Windows client and
+investigate which file names and paths it uses after they are installed. (You need to repeat
+this procedure for every client platform you want to support. We show it here for the
+<application>W32X86</application> platform only, a name used by Microsoft for all Windows NT/200x/XP
+clients.)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+A good method to recognize the driver files is to print the test page from the driver's
+<guilabel>Properties</guilabel> dialog (<guilabel>General</guilabel> tab). Then look at the list of
+driver files named on the printout. You'll need to recognize what Windows (and Samba) are calling the
+<guilabel>Driver File</guilabel>, <guilabel>Data File</guilabel>, <guilabel>Config File</guilabel>,
+<guilabel>Help File</guilabel> and (optionally) the <guilabel>Dependent Driver Files</guilabel>
+(this may vary slightly for Windows NT). You need to take a note of all file names for the next steps.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Another method to quickly test the driver filenames and related paths is provided by the
+<command>rpcclient</command> utility. Run it with <command>enumdrivers</command> or with the
+<command>getdriver</command> subcommand, each at the <filename>3</filename> info level. In the following example,
+<emphasis>TURBO_XP</emphasis> is the name of the Windows PC (in this case it was a Windows XP Professional
+laptop). I installed the driver locally to TURBO_XP, from a Samba server called <constant>KDE-BITSHOP</constant>.
+We could run an interactive <command>rpcclient</command> session; then we would get an
+<command>rpcclient /></command> prompt and would type the subcommands at this prompt. This is left as
+a good exercise to the reader. For now, we use <command>rpcclient</command> with the <option>-c</option>
+parameter to execute a single subcommand line and exit again. This is the method you would use if you
+want to create scripts to automate the procedure for a large number of printers and drivers. Note the
+different quotes used to overcome the different spaces in between words:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -U'Danka%xxxx' -c \
+	'getdriver "Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS)" 3' TURBO_XP</userinput>
+cmd = getdriver "Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS)" 3
+
+[Windows NT x86]
+Printer Driver Info 3:
+  Version: [2]
+  Driver Name: [Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS)]
+  Architecture: [Windows NT x86]
+  Driver Path: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\HDNIS01_de.DLL]
+  Datafile: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.ppd]
+  Configfile: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\HDNIS01U_de.DLL]
+  Helpfile: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\HDNIS01U_de.HLP]
+  
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.DLL]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.INI]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.dat]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.cat]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.def]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.hre]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.vnd]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.hlp]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\HDNIS01Aux.dll]
+  Dependentfiles: [C:\WINNT\System32\spool\DRIVERS\W32X86\2\HDNIS01_de.NTF]
+  
+  Monitorname: []
+  Defaultdatatype: []
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+You may notice that this driver has quite a large number of <guilabel>Dependent files</guilabel>
+(there are worse cases, however). Also, strangely, the
+<guilabel>Driver File</guilabel> is tagged here
+<guilabel>Driver Path</guilabel>. We do not yet have support for the so-called
+<application>WIN40</application> architecture installed. This name is used by Microsoft for the Windows
+9x/Me platforms. If we want to support these, we need to install the Windows 9x/Me driver files in
+addition to those for <application>W32X86</application> (i.e., the Windows NT72000/XP clients) onto a
+Windows PC. This PC can also host the Windows 9x/Me drivers, even if it runs on Windows NT, 2000 or XP.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Since the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share is usually accessible through the <guiicon>Network
+Neighborhood</guiicon>, you can also use the UNC notation from Windows Explorer to poke at it. The Windows
+9x/Me driver files will end up in subdirectory <filename>0</filename> of the <filename>WIN40</filename>
+directory. The full path to access them will be <filename>\\WINDOWSHOST\print$\WIN40\0\</filename>.
+</para>
+
+<note><para>
+More recent drivers on Windows 2000 and Windows XP are installed into the <quote>3</quote> subdirectory
+instead of the <quote>2</quote>. The version 2 of drivers, as used in Windows NT, were running in Kernel
+Mode. Windows 2000 changed this. While it still can use the Kernel Mode drivers (if this is enabled by
+the Admin), its native mode for printer drivers is User Mode execution. This requires drivers designed
+for this. These types of drivers install into the <quote>3</quote> subdirectory.
+</para></note>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Obtaining Driver Files from Windows Client [print$] Shares</title>
+
+<para>
+Now we need to collect all the driver files we identified in our previous step. Where do we get them
+from? Well, why not retrieve them from the very PC and the same <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+share that we investigated in our last step to identify the files? We can use <command>smbclient</command>
+to do this. We will use the paths and names that were leaked to us by <command>getdriver</command>. The
+listing is edited to include line breaks for readability:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>smbclient //TURBO_XP/print\$ -U'Danka%xxxx' \ 
+   -c 'cd W32X86/2;mget HD*_de.* hd*ppd Hd*_de.* Hddm*dll HDN*Aux.DLL'</userinput>
+
+added interface ip=10.160.51.60 bcast=10.160.51.255 nmask=255.255.252.0
+Got a positive name query response from 10.160.50.8 ( 10.160.50.8 )
+Domain=[DEVELOPMENT] OS=[Windows 5.1] Server=[Windows 2000 LAN Manager]
+<prompt>Get file Hddm91c1_de.ABD? </prompt><userinput>n</userinput>
+<prompt>Get file Hddm91c1_de.def? </prompt><userinput>y</userinput>
+getting file \W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.def of size 428 as Hddm91c1_de.def
+<prompt>Get file Hddm91c1_de.DLL? </prompt><userinput>y</userinput>
+getting file \W32X86\2\Hddm91c1_de.DLL of size 876544 as Hddm91c1_de.DLL
+[...]
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+After this command is complete, the files are in our current local directory. You probably have noticed
+that this time we passed several commands to the <option>-c</option> parameter, separated by semi-colons.
+This effects that all commands are executed in sequence on the remote Windows server before smbclient
+exits again.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Remember to repeat the procedure for the <application>WIN40</application> architecture should
+you need to support Windows 9x/Me/XP clients. Remember too, the files for these architectures are in the
+<filename>WIN40/0/</filename> subdirectory. Once this is complete, we can run <command>smbclient ...
+put</command> to store the collected files on the Samba server's <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+share.
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Installing Driver Files into [print$]</title>
+
+<para>
+We are now going to locate the driver files into the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+share. Remember, the UNIX path to this share has been defined
+previously in your words missing here. You
+also have created subdirectories for the different Windows client types you want to
+support. Supposing your <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share maps to the UNIX path
+<filename>/etc/samba/drivers/</filename>, your driver files should now go here:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	For all Windows NT, 2000 and XP clients into <filename>/etc/samba/drivers/W32X86/</filename> but
+	not (yet) into the <filename>2</filename> subdirectory.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	For all Windows 95, 98 and ME clients into <filename>/etc/samba/drivers/WIN40/</filename> but not
+	(yet) into the <filename>0</filename> subdirectory.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+We again use smbclient to transfer the driver files across the network. We specify the same files
+and paths as were leaked to us by running <command>getdriver</command> against the original
+<emphasis>Windows</emphasis> install. However, now we are going to store the files into a
+<emphasis>Samba/UNIX</emphasis> print server's <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share.
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>smbclient //SAMBA-CUPS/print\$ -U'root%xxxx' -c \
+  'cd W32X86; put HDNIS01_de.DLL; \
+  put Hddm91c1_de.ppd; put HDNIS01U_de.DLL;        \
+  put HDNIS01U_de.HLP; put Hddm91c1_de.DLL;        \
+  put Hddm91c1_de.INI; put Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL;      \
+  put Hddm91c1_de.dat; put Hddm91c1_de.dat;        \
+  put Hddm91c1_de.def; put Hddm91c1_de.hre;        \
+  put Hddm91c1_de.vnd; put Hddm91c1_de.hlp;        \
+  put Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP; put HDNIS01Aux.dll;     \
+  put HDNIS01_de.NTF'</userinput>
+
+added interface ip=10.160.51.60 bcast=10.160.51.255 nmask=255.255.252.0
+Got a positive name query response from 10.160.51.162 ( 10.160.51.162 )
+Domain=[CUPS-PRINT] OS=[UNIX] Server=[Samba 2.2.7a]
+putting file HDNIS01_de.DLL as \W32X86\HDNIS01_de.DLL
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.ppd as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.ppd
+putting file HDNIS01U_de.DLL as \W32X86\HDNIS01U_de.DLL
+putting file HDNIS01U_de.HLP as \W32X86\HDNIS01U_de.HLP
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.DLL as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.DLL
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.INI as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.INI
+putting file Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL as \W32X86\Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.dat as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.dat
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.dat as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.dat
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.def as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.def
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.hre as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.hre
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.vnd as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.vnd
+putting file Hddm91c1_de.hlp as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de.hlp
+putting file Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP as \W32X86\Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP
+putting file HDNIS01Aux.dll as \W32X86\HDNIS01Aux.dll
+putting file HDNIS01_de.NTF as \W32X86\HDNIS01_de.NTF
+</screen>
+
+Whew &smbmdash; that was a lot of typing! Most drivers are a lot smaller &smbmdash; many only having three generic
+PostScript driver files plus one PPD. While we did retrieve the files from the <filename>2</filename>
+subdirectory of the <filename>W32X86</filename> directory from the Windows box, we do not put them
+(for now) in this same subdirectory of the Samba box. This relocation will automatically be done by the
+<command>adddriver</command> command, which we will run shortly (and do not forget to also put the files
+for the Windows 9x/Me architecture into the <filename>WIN40/</filename> subdirectory should you need them).
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title><command>smbclient</command> to Confirm Driver Installation</title>
+
+<para>
+For now we verify that our files are there. This can be done with <command>smbclient</command>, too
+(but, of course, you can log in via SSH also and do this through a standard UNIX shell access):
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>smbclient //SAMBA-CUPS/print\$ -U 'root%xxxx' \
+	-c 'cd W32X86; pwd; dir; cd 2; pwd; dir'</userinput>
+ added interface ip=10.160.51.60 bcast=10.160.51.255 nmask=255.255.252.0
+Got a positive name query response from 10.160.51.162 ( 10.160.51.162 )
+Domain=[CUPS-PRINT] OS=[UNIX] Server=[Samba 2.2.8a]
+
+Current directory is \\SAMBA-CUPS\print$\W32X86\
+.                                  D        0  Sun May  4 03:56:35 2003
+..                                 D        0  Thu Apr 10 23:47:40 2003
+2                                   D        0  Sun May  4 03:56:18 2003
+HDNIS01Aux.dll                      A    15356  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL                   A    46966  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+HDNIS01_de.DLL                      A   434400  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+HDNIS01_de.NTF                      A   790404  Sun May  4 03:56:35 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.DLL                     A   876544  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.INI                     A      101  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.dat                     A     5044  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.def                     A      428  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.hlp                     A    37699  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.hre                     A   323584  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.ppd                     A    26373  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de.vnd                     A    45056  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+HDNIS01U_de.DLL                     A   165888  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+HDNIS01U_de.HLP                     A    19770  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP                 A   228417  Sun May  4 03:58:59 2003
+              40976 blocks of size 262144. 709 blocks available
+
+Current directory is \\SAMBA-CUPS\print$\W32X86\2\
+.                                  D        0  Sun May  4 03:56:18 2003
+..                                 D        0  Sun May  4 03:56:35 2003
+ADOBEPS5.DLL                        A   434400  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+laserjet4.ppd                       A     9639  Thu Apr 24 01:05:32 2003
+ADOBEPSU.DLL                        A   109568  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+ADOBEPSU.HLP                        A    18082  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+PDFcreator2.PPD                     A    15746  Sun Apr 20 22:24:07 2003
+              40976 blocks of size 262144. 709 blocks available
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+Notice that there are already driver files present in the <filename>2</filename> subdirectory (probably
+from a previous installation). Once the files for the new driver are there too, you are still a few
+steps away from being able to use them on the clients. The only thing you could do now is to retrieve
+them from a client just like you retrieve ordinary files from a file share, by opening print$ in Windows
+Explorer. But that wouldn't install them per Point'n'Print. The reason
+is: Samba does not yet know that
+these files are something special, namely <emphasis>printer driver files</emphasis> and it does not know
+to which print queue(s) these driver files belong.
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Running <command>rpcclient</command> with <command>adddriver</command></title>
+
+<para>
+Next, you must tell Samba about the special category of the files you just uploaded into the
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share. This is done by the <command>adddriver</command>
+command. It will prompt Samba to register the driver files into its internal TDB database files. The
+following command and its output has been edited, again, for readability:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -Uroot%xxxx -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86" \
+  "dm9110:HDNIS01_de.DLL: \
+  Hddm91c1_de.ppd:HDNIS01U_de.DLL:HDNIS01U_de.HLP:   \
+  NULL:RAW:Hddm91c1_de.DLL,Hddm91c1_de.INI,          \
+  Hddm91c1_de.dat,Hddm91c1_de.def,Hddm91c1_de.hre,   \
+  Hddm91c1_de.vnd,Hddm91c1_de.hlp,Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL, \
+  HDNIS01Aux.dll,HDNIS01_de.NTF,                     \
+  Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP' SAMBA-CUPS</userinput>
+
+cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" \
+  "dm9110:HDNIS01_de.DLL:Hddm91c1_de.ppd:HDNIS01U_de.DLL:   \
+  HDNIS01U_de.HLP:NULL:RAW:Hddm91c1_de.DLL,Hddm91c1_de.INI, \
+  Hddm91c1_de.dat,Hddm91c1_de.def,Hddm91c1_de.hre,          \
+  Hddm91c1_de.vnd,Hddm91c1_de.hlp,Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL,        \
+  HDNIS01Aux.dll,HDNIS01_de.NTF,Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP"
+
+Printer Driver dm9110 successfully installed.
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+After this step, the driver should be recognized by Samba on the print server. You need to be very
+careful when typing the command. Don't exchange the order of the fields. Some changes would lead to
+an <computeroutput>NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL</computeroutput> error message. These become obvious. Other
+changes might install the driver files successfully, but render the driver unworkable. So take care!
+Hints about the syntax of the adddriver command are in the man page. The CUPS printing chapter 
+provides a more detailed description, should you need it.
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Checking <command>adddriver</command> Completion</title>
+
+<para>
+One indication for Samba's recognition of the files as driver files is the <computeroutput>successfully
+installed</computeroutput> message. Another one is the fact that our files have been moved by the
+<command>adddriver</command> command into the <filename>2</filename> subdirectory. You can check this
+again with <command>smbclient</command>:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>smbclient //SAMBA-CUPS/print\$ -Uroot%xx \
+	-c 'cd W32X86;dir;pwd;cd 2;dir;pwd'</userinput>
+ added interface ip=10.160.51.162 bcast=10.160.51.255 nmask=255.255.252.0
+ Domain=[CUPS-PRINT] OS=[UNIX] Server=[Samba 2.2.7a]
+
+  Current directory is \\SAMBA-CUPS\print$\W32X86\
+  .                                  D        0  Sun May  4 04:32:48 2003
+  ..                                 D        0  Thu Apr 10 23:47:40 2003
+  2                                   D        0  Sun May  4 04:32:48 2003
+                40976 blocks of size 262144. 731 blocks available 
+
+  Current directory is \\SAMBA-CUPS\print$\W32X86\2\
+  .                                  D        0  Sun May  4 04:32:48 2003
+  ..                                 D        0  Sun May  4 04:32:48 2003
+  DigiMaster.PPD                      A   148336  Thu Apr 24 01:07:00 2003
+  ADOBEPS5.DLL                        A   434400  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+  laserjet4.ppd                       A     9639  Thu Apr 24 01:05:32 2003
+  ADOBEPSU.DLL                        A   109568  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+  ADOBEPSU.HLP                        A    18082  Sat May  3 23:18:45 2003
+  PDFcreator2.PPD                     A    15746  Sun Apr 20 22:24:07 2003
+  HDNIS01Aux.dll                      A    15356  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL                   A    46966  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  HDNIS01_de.DLL                      A   434400  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  HDNIS01_de.NTF                      A   790404  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.DLL                     A   876544  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.INI                     A      101  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.dat                     A     5044  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.def                     A      428  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.hlp                     A    37699  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.hre                     A   323584  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.ppd                     A    26373  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de.vnd                     A    45056  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  HDNIS01U_de.DLL                     A   165888  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  HDNIS01U_de.HLP                     A    19770  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+  Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP                 A   228417  Sun May  4 04:32:18 2003
+                40976 blocks of size 262144. 731 blocks available
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+Another verification is that the timestamp of the printing TDB files is now updated
+(and possibly their file size has increased).
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Check Samba for Driver Recognition</title>
+
+<para>
+Now the driver should be registered with Samba. We can easily verify this, and will do so in a
+moment. However, this driver is not yet associated with a particular printer. We may check the driver
+status of the files by at least three methods:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	From any Windows client browse Network Neighborhood, find the Samba host and open the Samba
+	<guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder. Select any printer icon, right-click and select
+	the printer <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>. Click the <guilabel>Advanced</guilabel>
+	tab. Here is a field indicating the driver for that printer. A drop-down menu allows you to
+	change that driver (be careful not to do this unwittingly). You can use this list to view
+	all drivers known to Samba. Your new one should be among them. (Each type of client will only
+	see his own architecture's list. If you do not have every driver installed for each platform,
+	the list will differ if you look at it from Windows95/98/ME or Windows NT/2000/XP.)
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	From a Windows 200x/XP client (not Windows NT) browse <guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon>,
+	search for the Samba server and open the server's <guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder,
+	right-click on the white background (with no printer highlighted). Select <guimenuitem>Server
+	Properties</guimenuitem>. On the <guilabel>Drivers</guilabel> tab you will see the new driver
+	listed. This view enables you to also inspect the list of files belonging to that driver
+	(this does not work on Windows NT, but only on Windows 2000 and Windows XP; Windows NT does not
+	provide the <guimenuitem>Drivers</guimenuitem> tab). An
+	alternative and much quicker method for
+	Windows 2000/XP to start this dialog is by typing into a DOS box (you must of course adapt the
+	name to your Samba server instead of <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable>):
+	</para>
+
+	<para><userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /s /t2 /n\\<replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable></userinput></para>
+	</listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	From a UNIX prompt, run this command (or a variant thereof) where
+	<replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> is the name of the Samba host and xxxx represents the
+	actual Samba password assigned to root:
+	</para>
+
+	<para><userinput>rpcclient -U'root%xxxx' -c 'enumdrivers' <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable></userinput></para>
+
+	<para>
+	You will see a listing of all drivers Samba knows about. Your new one should be among
+	them. But it is only listed under the <parameter>[Windows NT x86]</parameter> heading, not under
+	<smbconfsection name="[Windows 4.0]"/>, since you didn't install that part. Or did you?
+	You will see a listing of all drivers Samba knows about. Your new one should be among them. In
+	our example it is named <constant>dm9110</constant>. Note that the third column shows the other
+	installed drivers twice, one time for each supported architecture. Our new driver only shows up
+	for <application>Windows NT 4.0 or 2000</application>. To have it present for <application>Windows
+	95, 98 and ME</application>, you'll have to repeat the whole procedure with the WIN40 architecture
+	and subdirectory.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Specific Driver Name Flexibility</title>
+
+<para>
+You can name the driver as you like. If you repeat the <command>adddriver</command> step with the same
+files as before but with a different driver name, it will work the same:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -Uroot%xxxx         \
+  -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86"                     \
+  "mydrivername:HDNIS01_de.DLL:              \
+  Hddm91c1_de.ppd:HDNIS01U_de.DLL:HDNIS01U_de.HLP:   \
+  NULL:RAW:Hddm91c1_de.DLL,Hddm91c1_de.INI,          \
+  Hddm91c1_de.dat,Hddm91c1_de.def,Hddm91c1_de.hre,   \
+  Hddm91c1_de.vnd,Hddm91c1_de.hlp,Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL, \
+  HDNIS01Aux.dll,HDNIS01_de.NTF,Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP' SAMBA-CUPS
+  </userinput>
+
+cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" \
+ "mydrivername:HDNIS01_de.DLL:Hddm91c1_de.ppd:HDNIS01U_de.DLL:\
+  HDNIS01U_de.HLP:NULL:RAW:Hddm91c1_de.DLL,Hddm91c1_de.INI,           \
+  Hddm91c1_de.dat,Hddm91c1_de.def,Hddm91c1_de.hre,                    \
+  Hddm91c1_de.vnd,Hddm91c1_de.hlp,Hddm91c1KMMin.DLL,                  \
+  HDNIS01Aux.dll,HDNIS01_de.NTF,Hddm91c1_de_reg.HLP"
+
+Printer Driver mydrivername successfully installed.
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+You will be able to bind that driver to any print queue (however, you are responsible that
+you associate drivers to queues that make sense with respect to target printers). You cannot run the
+<command>rpcclient</command> <command>adddriver</command> command repeatedly. Each run consumes the
+files you had put into the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share by moving them into the
+respective subdirectories. So you must execute an <command>smbclient ... put</command> command before
+each <command>rpcclient ... adddriver</command> command.
+</para>
+</sect3>
+
+<sect3>
+<title>Running <command>rpcclient</command> with the <command>setdriver</command></title>
+
+<para>
+Samba needs to know which printer owns which driver. Create a mapping of the driver to a printer, and
+store this info in Samba's memory, the TDB files. The <command>rpcclient setdriver</command> command
+achieves exactly this:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -U'root%xxxx' -c 'setdriver dm9110 mydrivername' <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable></userinput>
+ cmd = setdriver dm9110 mydrivername
+
+Successfully set dm9110 to driver mydrivername.
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+Ah, no, I did not want to do that. Repeat, this time with the name I intended: 
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -U'root%xxxx' -c 'setdriver dm9110 dm9110' <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable></userinput>
+ cmd = setdriver dm9110 dm9110
+Successfully set dm9110 to driver dm9110.
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+The syntax of the command is:
+<screen>
+<userinput>rpcclient -U'root%<replaceable>sambapassword</replaceable>' -c 'setdriver <replaceable>printername</replaceable> \
+ <replaceable>drivername</replaceable>' <replaceable>SAMBA-Hostname</replaceable></userinput>. 
+</screen>
+Now we have done most of the work, but not all of it.
+</para>
+
+<note><para>
+The <command>setdriver</command> command will only succeed if the
+printer is already known to Samba. A
+bug in 2.2.x prevented Samba from recognizing freshly installed printers. You had to restart Samba,
+or at least send an HUP signal to all running smbd processes to work around this: <userinput>kill -HUP
+`pidof smbd`</userinput>.
+</para></note>
+</sect3>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Client Driver Installation Procedure</title>
+
+<para>
+As Don Quixote said: <quote>The proof of the pudding is in the eating.</quote> The proof
+for our setup lies in the printing. So let's install the printer driver onto the client PCs. This is
+not as straightforward as it may seem. Read on.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>First Client Driver Installation</title>
+
+<para>
+Especially important is the installation onto the first client PC (for each architectural platform
+separately). Once this is done correctly, all further clients are easy to setup and shouldn't need further
+attention. What follows is a description for the recommended first procedure. You work now from a client
+workstation. You should guarantee that your connection is not unwittingly mapped to <emphasis>bad
+user</emphasis> nobody. In a DOS box type:
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>net use \\<replaceable>SAMBA-SERVER</replaceable>\print$ /user:root</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+Replace root, if needed, by another valid <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/> user as given in
+the definition. Should you already be connected as a different user, you will get an error message. There
+is no easy way to get rid of that connection, because Windows does not seem to know a concept of logging
+off from a share connection (do not confuse this with logging off from the local workstation; that is
+a different matter).  On Windows NT/2K, you can force a logoff from all smb/cifs connections by restarting the 
+<quote>workstation</quote> service. You can try to close all Windows file explorer and Internet Explorer for 
+Windows. As a last resort, you may have to reboot. Make sure there is no automatic reconnection set up. It may be
+easier to go to a different workstation and try from there. After you have made sure you are connected
+as a printer admin user (you can check this with the <command>smbstatus</command> command on Samba),
+do this from the Windows workstation:
+</para>
+
+<procedure>
+	<step><para>
+	Open <guiicon>Network Neighborhood</guiicon>.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Browse to Samba server.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Open its <guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Highlight and right-click on the printer.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Select <guimenuitem>Connect</guimenuitem> (for Windows NT4/200x
+	it is possibly <guimenuitem>Install</guimenuitem>).
+	</para></step>
+</procedure>
+
+<para>
+A new printer (named <replaceable>printername</replaceable> on Samba-server) should now have
+appeared in your <emphasis>local</emphasis> Printer folder (check <guimenu>Start</guimenu> --
+<guimenuitem>Settings</guimenuitem> -- <guimenuitem>Control Panel</guimenuitem> -- <guiicon>Printers
+and Faxes</guiicon>).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Most likely you are now tempted to try to print a test page. After all, you now can open the printer
+properties, and on the <guimenu>General</guimenu> tab there is a button offering to do just that. But
+chances are that you get an error message saying <errorname>Unable to print Test Page</errorname>. The
+reason might be that there is not yet a valid Device Mode set for the driver, or that the <quote>Printer
+Driver Data</quote> set is still incomplete.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You must make sure that a valid <parameter>Device Mode</parameter> is set for the
+driver. We now explain what that means.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Setting Device Modes on New Printers</title>
+
+<para>
+For a printer to be truly usable by a Windows NT/200x/XP client, it must possess:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	A valid <emphasis>Device Mode</emphasis> generated by the driver for the printer (defining things
+	like paper size, orientation and duplex settings).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	A complete set of <emphasis>Printer Driver Data</emphasis> generated by the driver.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+If either of these is incomplete, the clients can produce less than optimal output at best. In the
+worst cases, unreadable garbage or nothing at all comes from the printer or it produces a harvest of
+error messages when attempting to print. Samba stores the named values and all printing related information in
+its internal TDB database files <filename>(ntprinters.tdb</filename>, <filename>ntdrivers.tdb</filename>,
+<filename>printing.tdb</filename> and <filename>ntforms.tdb</filename>).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+What do these two words stand for? Basically, the Device Mode and the set of Printer Driver Data is a
+collection of settings for all print queue properties, initialized in a sensible way. Device Modes and
+Printer Driver Data should initially be set on the print server (the Samba host) to healthy
+values so the clients can start to use them immediately. How do we set these initial healthy values?
+This can be achieved by accessing the drivers remotely from an NT (or 200x/XP) client, as is discussed
+in the following paragraphs.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Be aware that a valid Device Mode can only be initiated by a
+<smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>, or root
+(the reason should be obvious). Device Modes can only be correctly
+set by executing the printer driver program itself. Since Samba cannot execute this Win32 platform driver
+code, it sets this field initially to NULL (which is not a valid setting for clients to use). Fortunately,
+most drivers automatically generate the Printer Driver Data that is needed when they are uploaded to the
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share with the help of the APW or rpcclient.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The generation and setting of a first valid Device Mode, however, requires some tickling from a client,
+to set it on the Samba server. The easiest means of doing so is to simply change the page orientation on
+the server's printer. This executes enough of the printer driver program on the client for the desired
+effect to happen, and feeds back the new Device Mode to our Samba server. You can use the native Windows
+NT/200x/XP printer properties page from a Window client for this:
+</para>
+
+<procedure>
+	<step><para>
+	Browse the <guiicon>Network Neighborhood.</guiicon>
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Find the Samba server.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Open the Samba server's <guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Highlight the shared printer in question.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Right-click on the printer (you may already be here, if you followed the last section's description).
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	At the bottom of the context menu select <guimenu>Properties</guimenu> (if the menu still offers the 
+	<guimenuitem>Connect</guimenuitem> entry further above, you
+	need to click on that one first to achieve the driver
+	installation as shown in the last section).
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Go to the <guilabel>Advanced</guilabel> tab; click on <guibutton>Printing Defaults</guibutton>.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Change the <guimenuitem>Portrait</guimenuitem> page setting to <guimenuitem>Landscape</guimenuitem> (and back).
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	Make sure to apply changes between swapping the page orientation to cause the change to actually take effect.
+	</para></step>
+
+	<step><para>
+	While you are at it, you may also want to set the desired printing defaults here, which then apply to all future
+	client driver installations on the remaining from now on.
+	</para></step>
+</procedure>
+
+<para>
+This procedure has executed the printer driver program on the client platform and fed back the correct
+Device Mode to Samba, which now stored it in its TDB files. Once the driver is installed on the client,
+you can follow the analogous steps by accessing the <emphasis>local</emphasis> <guiicon>Printers</guiicon>
+folder, too, if you are a Samba printer admin user. From now on, printing should work as expected.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Samba includes a service level parameter name <parameter>default devmode</parameter> for generating a default
+Device Mode for a printer. Some drivers will function well with Samba's default set of properties. Others
+may crash the client's spooler service. So use this parameter with caution. It is always better to have
+the client generate a valid device mode for the printer and store it on the server for you.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Additional Client Driver Installation</title>
+
+<para>
+Every additional driver may be installed, along the lines described
+above. Browse network, open the
+<guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder on Samba server, right-click on <guiicon>Printer</guiicon> and choose
+<guimenuitem>Connect...</guimenuitem>. Once this completes (should be not more than a few seconds,
+but could also take a minute, depending on network conditions), you should find the new printer in your
+client workstation local <guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can also open your local <guiicon>Printers and Faxes</guiicon> folder by
+using this command on Windows 200x/XP Professional workstations:
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>rundll32 shell32.dll,SHHelpShortcuts_RunDLL PrintersFolder</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+or this command on Windows NT 4.0 workstations:
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>
+rundll32 shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL MAIN.CPL @2
+</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+You can enter the commands either inside a <guilabel>DOS box</guilabel> window or in the <guimenuitem>Run
+command...</guimenuitem> field from the <guimenu>Start</guimenu> menu.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Always Make First Client Connection as root or <quote>printer admin</quote></title>
+
+<para>
+After you installed the driver on the Samba server (in its <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+share, you should always make sure that your first client installation completes correctly. Make it a
+habit for yourself to build the very first connection from a client as <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>. This is to make sure that:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	A first valid <emphasis>Device Mode</emphasis> is really initialized (see above for more
+	explanation details).
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>	
+	The default print settings of your printer for all further client installations are as you want them.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+Do this by changing the orientation to landscape, click on <guiicon>Apply</guiicon>, and then change it
+back again. Next, modify the other settings (for example, you do not want the default media size set to
+<guiicon>Letter</guiicon> when you are all using <guiicon>A4</guiicon>, right? You may want to set the
+printer for <guiicon>duplex</guiicon> as the default, and so on).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+To connect as root to a Samba printer, try this command from a Windows 200x/XP DOS box command prompt:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&dosprompt;<userinput>runas /netonly /user:root "rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /t3 /n 
+	\\<replaceable>SAMBA-SERVER</replaceable>\<replaceable>printername</replaceable>"</userinput>
+</screen>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You will be prompted for root's Samba-password; type it, wait a few
+seconds, click on <guibutton>Printing
+Defaults</guibutton>, and proceed to set the job options that should be used as defaults by all
+clients. Alternately, instead of root you can name one other member of the <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/> from the setting.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+	Now all the other users downloading and installing the driver the same way <?latex \linebreak ?>(called
+<quote>Point'n'Print</quote>) will have the same defaults set for them. If you miss this step
+you'll get a lot of Help Desk calls from your users, but maybe you like to talk to people.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Other Gotchas</title>
+
+<para>
+Your driver is installed. It is now ready for Point'n'Print
+installation by the clients. You may have tried to download and use it
+onto your first client machine, but
+wait. Let's make sure you are acquainted first with a few tips and tricks you may find useful. For example,
+suppose you did not set the defaults on the printer, as advised in the preceding
+paragraphs. Your users complain about various issues (such as, <quote>We need to set the paper size
+for each job from Letter to A4 and it will not store it.</quote>)
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Setting Default Print Options for Client Drivers</title>
+
+<para>
+The last sentence might be viewed with mixed feelings by some users and
+Admins. They have struggled for hours and could not arrive at a point
+where their settings seemed to be saved. It is not their fault. The confusing
+thing is that in the multi-tabbed dialog that pops up when you right-click
+on the printer name and select <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>, you
+can arrive at two dialogs that appear identical, each claiming that they help
+you to set printer options in three different ways. Here is the definite
+answer to the Samba default driver setting FAQ:
+</para>
+
+<formalpara><title><quote>I can not set and save default print options
+for all users on Windows 200x/XP. Why not?</quote></title>
+
+<para>
+How are you doing it? I bet the wrong way. (It is not easy to find out, though). There are three different
+ways to bring you to a dialog that seems to set everything. All three
+dialogs look the same, but only one
+of them does what you intend. You need to be Administrator or Print Administrator to do this for all
+users. Here is how I reproduce it in an XP Professional:
+</para>
+
+<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
+	<listitem><para>The first <quote>wrong</quote> way:
+	<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
+		<listitem><para>Open the <guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder.</para></listitem>
+
+		<listitem><para>Right-click on the printer (<emphasis>remoteprinter on cupshost</emphasis>) and
+		select in context menu <guimenu>Printing Preferences...</guimenu>.</para></listitem>
+
+		<listitem><para>Look at this dialog closely and remember what it looks like.</para></listitem>
+	</orderedlist></para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>The second <quote>wrong</quote> way:
+		<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
+			<listitem><para>Open the <guimenu>Printers</guimenu> folder.</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>Right-click on the printer (<emphasis>remoteprinter on
+			cupshost</emphasis>) and select in the context menu
+			<guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem></para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>Click on the <guilabel>General</guilabel>
+			tab.</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>Click on the <guibutton>Printing
+			Preferences...</guibutton> button.</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>A new dialog opens. Keep this dialog open and go back
+			to the parent dialog.</para></listitem>
+		</orderedlist>
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	The third and correct way: (should you do this from the beginning, just carry out steps 1
+	and 2 from the second method above).
+	</para>
+
+		<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
+			<listitem><para>Click on the <guilabel>Advanced</guilabel>
+			tab. (If everything is <quote>grayed out,</quote> then you are not logged
+			in as a user with enough privileges).</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>Click on the <guibutton>Printing
+			Defaults</guibutton> button.</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>On any of the two new tabs,
+			click on the
+			<guilabel>Advanced</guilabel> button.</para></listitem>
+
+			<listitem><para>A new dialog opens. Compare
+			this one to the other. Are they
+			identical looking comparing one from
+			<quote>B.5</quote> and one from A.3".</para></listitem>
+		</orderedlist>
+	</listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+
+<para>
+Do you see any difference in the two settings dialogs? I do not either. However, only the last one, which
+you arrived at with steps C.1 through 6 will permanently save any settings which will then become the defaults
+for new users. If you want all clients to have the same defaults, you need to conduct these steps as
+administrator (<smbconfoption name="printer admin"/> in ) before
+a client downloads the driver (the clients can later set their own per-user defaults
+by following procedures A or B above). Windows 200x/XP allow per-user default settings and the ones the
+administrator gives them, before they set up their own. The parents of the identically-looking dialogs have a slight difference in their window names; one is called <computeroutput>Default Print
+Values for Printer Foo on Server Bar"</computeroutput> (which is the one you need) and the other is called
+<quote><computeroutput>Print Settings for Printer Foo on Server Bar</computeroutput></quote>. The last one is the one you
+arrive at when you right-click on the printer and select <guimenuitem>Print Settings...</guimenuitem>. This
+is the one that you were taught to use back in the days of Windows NT, so it is only natural to try the
+same way with Windows 200x/XP. You would not dream that there is now a different path to arrive at an
+identically looking, but functionally different, dialog to set defaults for all users.
+</para></formalpara>
+
+<tip><para>Try (on Windows 200x/XP) to run this command (as a user with the right privileges):
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>
+rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /t3 /n\\<replaceable>SAMBA-SERVER</replaceable>\<replaceable>printersharename</replaceable>
+</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+To see the tab with the <guilabel>Printing Defaults</guilabel> button (the one you need),also run this command:
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>
+rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /t0 /n\\<replaceable>SAMBA-SERVER</replaceable>\<replaceable>printersharename</replaceable>
+</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+To see the tab with the <guilabel>Printing Preferences</guilabel>
+button (the one which does not set system-wide defaults), you can
+start the commands from inside a DOS box" or from <guimenu>Start</guimenu> -> <guimenuitem>Run</guimenuitem>.
+</para>
+</tip>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Supporting Large Numbers of Printers</title>
+
+<para>
+One issue that has arisen during the recent development phase of Samba is the need to support driver
+downloads for hundreds of printers. Using Windows NT APW here is somewhat awkward (to say the least). If
+you do not want to acquire RSS pains from the printer installation clicking orgy alone, you need
+to think about a non-interactive script.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If more than one printer is using the same driver, the <command>rpcclient setdriver</command>
+command can be used to set the driver associated with an installed queue. If the driver is uploaded to
+<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> once and registered with the printing TDBs, it can be used by
+multiple print queues. In this case, you just need to repeat the <command>setprinter</command> subcommand of
+<command>rpcclient</command> for every queue (without the need to conduct the <command>adddriver</command>
+repeatedly). The following is an example of how this could be accomplished:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c 'enumdrivers'</userinput>
+ cmd = enumdrivers
+ 
+ [Windows NT x86]
+ Printer Driver Info 1:
+   Driver Name: [infotec  IS 2075 PCL 6]
+ 
+ Printer Driver Info 1:
+   Driver Name: [DANKA InfoStream]
+ 
+ Printer Driver Info 1:
+   Driver Name: [Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS)]
+ 
+ Printer Driver Info 1:
+   Driver Name: [dm9110]
+
+ Printer Driver Info 1:
+   Driver Name: [mydrivername]
+
+ [....]
+</screen>
+
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c 'enumprinters'</userinput>
+ cmd = enumprinters
+   flags:[0x800000]
+   name:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110]
+   description:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110,,110ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+   comment:[110 ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+ [....]
+</screen>
+
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c \
+  'setdriver <replaceable>dm9110</replaceable> "<replaceable>Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS)</replaceable>"'</userinput>
+ cmd = setdriver dm9110 Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PPD)
+ Successfully set dm9110 to driver Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS).
+</screen>
+
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c 'enumprinters'</userinput>
+ cmd = enumprinters
+   flags:[0x800000]
+   name:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110]
+   description:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110,Heidelberg Digimaster 9110 (PS),\
+     110ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+   comment:[110ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+ [....]
+</screen>
+
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c 'setdriver <replaceable>dm9110</replaceable> <replaceable>mydrivername</replaceable>'</userinput>
+ cmd = setdriver dm9110 mydrivername
+ Successfully set dm9110 to mydrivername.
+</screen>
+
+<screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient <replaceable>SAMBA-CUPS</replaceable> -U root%<replaceable>secret</replaceable> -c 'enumprinters'</userinput>
+ cmd = enumprinters
+   flags:[0x800000]
+   name:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110]
+   description:[\\SAMBA-CUPS\dm9110,mydrivername,\
+     110ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+   comment:[110ppm HiVolume DANKA Stuttgart]
+ [....]
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+It may not be easy to recognize that the first call to <command>enumprinters</command> showed the
+<quote>dm9110</quote> printer with an empty string where the driver should have been listed (between
+the 2 commas in the description field). After the <command>setdriver</command> command
+succeeded, all is well.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Adding New Printers with the Windows NT APW</title>
+
+<para>
+By default, Samba exhibits all printer shares defined in &smb.conf; in the <guiicon>Printers</guiicon>
+folder. Also located in this folder is the Windows NT Add Printer Wizard icon. The APW will be shown only if:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	The connected user is able to successfully execute an <command>OpenPrinterEx(\\server)</command> with
+	administrative privileges (i.e., root or <smbconfoption name="printer admin"/>).
+	</para>
+
+	<tip><para> Try this from a Windows 200x/XP DOS box command prompt:
+	</para>
+
+	<para><userinput>
+	runas /netonly /user:root rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /t0 /n \\<replaceable>SAMBA-SERVER</replaceable>\<replaceable>printersharename</replaceable>
+	</userinput></para>
+
+	<para>
+	Click on <guibutton>Printing Preferences</guibutton>.
+	</para></tip></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>... contains the setting
+	<smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">yes</smbconfoption> (the
+	default).</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The APW can do various things:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Upload a new driver to the Samba <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Associate an uploaded driver with an existing (but still driverless) print queue.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Exchange the currently used driver for an existing print queue with one that has been uploaded before.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Add an entirely new printer to the Samba host (only in conjunction with a working
+	<smbconfoption name="add printer command"/>. A corresponding
+	<smbconfoption name="delete printer command"/> for removing entries from the
+	<guiicon>Printers</guiicon> folder may also be provided).
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The last one (add a new printer) requires more effort than the previous ones. To use
+the APW to successfully add a printer to a Samba server, the <smbconfoption name="add printer command"/> must have a defined value. The program hook must successfully
+add the printer to the UNIX print system (i.e., to <filename>/etc/printcap</filename>,
+<filename>/etc/cups/printers.conf</filename> or other appropriate files) and to &smb.conf; if necessary.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+When using the APW from a client, if the named printer share does not exist, smbd will execute the
+<smbconfoption name="add printer command"/> and re-parse to the to attempt to locate the new printer
+share. If the share is still not defined, an error of <errorname>Access Denied</errorname> is returned to
+the client. The <smbconfoption name="add printer command"/> is executed
+under the context of the connected user, not necessarily a root account. A <smbconfoption name="map to guest">bad user</smbconfoption> may have connected you unwittingly under the wrong
+privilege. You should check it by using the <command>smbstatus</command> command.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Error Message: <quote><errorname>Cannot connect under a different Name</errorname></quote></title>
+
+<para>
+Once you are connected with the wrong credentials, there is no means to reverse the situation other than
+to close all Explorer Windows, and perhaps reboot.
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	The <command>net use \\SAMBA-SERVER\sharename /user:root</command> gives you an error message:
+	<quote>Multiple connections to a server or a shared resource by the same user utilizing
+	the several user names are not allowed. Disconnect all previous connections to the server,
+	esp. the shared resource, and try again.</quote>
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Every attempt to <quote>connect a network drive</quote> to <filename>\\SAMBASERVER\\print$</filename>
+	to <constant>z:</constant> is countered by the pertinacious message: <quote>This
+	network folder is currently connected under different credentials (username and password).
+	Disconnect first any existing connection to this network share in order to connect again under
+	a different username and password</quote>.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+So you close all connections. You try again. You get the same message. You check from the Samba side,
+using <command>smbstatus</command>. Yes, there are more connections. You kill them all. The client
+still gives you the same error message. You watch the smbd.log file on a high debug level and try
+reconnect. Same error message, but not a single line in the log. You start to wonder if there was a
+connection attempt at all. You run ethereal and tcpdump while you try to connect. Result: not a single
+byte goes on the wire. Windows still gives the error message. You close all Explorer windows and start it
+again. You try to connect &smbmdash; and this times it works!  Windows seems to cache connection information somewhere and
+does not keep it up-to-date (if you are unlucky you might need to reboot to get rid of the error message).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The easiest way to forcefully terminate all connections from your client to a server is by executing:
+<screen>
+&dosprompt; net use * /delete
+</screen>
+This will disconnect all mapped drives also and will allow you create fresh connection as required.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Take Care When Assembling Driver Files</title>
+
+<para>
+You need to be extremely careful when you take notes about the files and belonging to a particular
+driver. Don't confuse the files for driver version <quote>0</quote> (for Windows 9x/Me, going into
+<filename>[print$]/WIN/0/</filename>), driver version <filename>2</filename> (Kernel Mode driver for Windows NT,
+going into <filename>[print$]/W32X86/2/</filename> may be used on Windows 200x/XP also), and
+driver version <quote>3</quote> (non-Kernel Mode driver going into <filename>[print$]/W32X86/3/</filename>
+cannot be used on Windows NT). Quite often these different driver versions contain
+files that have the same name but actually are very different. If you look at them from
+the Windows Explorer (they reside in <filename>%WINDOWS%\system32\spool\drivers\W32X86\</filename>),
+you will probably see names in capital letters, while an <command>enumdrivers</command> command from Samba
+would show mixed or lower case letters. So it is easy to confuse them. If you install them manually using
+<command>rpcclient</command> and subcommands, you may even succeed without an error message. Only later,
+when you try install on a client, you will encounter error messages like <computeroutput>This server
+has no appropriate driver for the printer</computeroutput>.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Here is an example. You are invited to look closely at the various files, compare their names and
+their spelling, and discover the differences in the composition of the version 2 and 3 sets. Note: the
+version 0 set contained 40 <parameter>Dependentfiles</parameter>, so I left it out for space reasons:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>rpcclient -U 'Administrator%<replaceable>secret</replaceable>' -c 'enumdrivers 3' 10.160.50.8 </userinput>
+
+ Printer Driver Info 3:
+         Version: [3]
+         Driver Name: [Canon iR8500 PS3]
+         Architecture: [Windows NT x86]
+         Driver Path: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cns3g.dll]
+         Datafile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\iR8500sg.xpd]
+         Configfile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cns3gui.dll]
+         Helpfile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cns3g.hlp]
+ 
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\aucplmNT.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\ucs32p.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\tnl32.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\aussdrv.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cnspdc.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\aussapi.dat]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cns3407.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\CnS3G.cnt]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\NBAPI.DLL]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\NBIPC.DLL]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcview.exe]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcdspl.exe]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcedit.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcqm.exe]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcspl.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cfine32.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcr407.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\Cpcqm407.hlp]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cpcqm407.cnt]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\3\cns3ggr.dll]
+ 
+         Monitorname: []
+         Defaultdatatype: []
+
+ Printer Driver Info 3:
+         Version: [2]
+         Driver Name: [Canon iR5000-6000 PS3]
+         Architecture: [Windows NT x86]
+         Driver Path: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cns3g.dll]
+         Datafile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\IR5000sg.xpd]
+         Configfile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cns3gui.dll]
+         Helpfile: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cns3g.hlp]
+ 
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\AUCPLMNT.DLL]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\aussdrv.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cnspdc.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\aussapi.dat]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cns3407.dll]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\CnS3G.cnt]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\NBAPI.DLL]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\NBIPC.DLL]
+         Dependentfiles: [\\10.160.50.8\print$\W32X86\2\cns3gum.dll]
+ 
+         Monitorname: [CPCA Language Monitor2]
+         Defaultdatatype: []
+
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+If we write the <quote>version 2</quote> files and the <quote>version 3</quote> files
+into different text files and compare the result, we see this
+picture:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>sdiff 2-files 3-files</userinput>
+
+<![CDATA[
+ cns3g.dll                     cns3g.dll
+ iR8500sg.xpd                  iR8500sg.xpd
+ cns3gui.dll                   cns3gui.dll
+ cns3g.hlp                     cns3g.hlp
+ AUCPLMNT.DLL                | aucplmNT.dll
+                             > ucs32p.dll
+                             > tnl32.dll
+ aussdrv.dll                   aussdrv.dll
+ cnspdc.dll                    cnspdc.dll
+ aussapi.dat                   aussapi.dat
+ cns3407.dll                   cns3407.dll
+ CnS3G.cnt                     CnS3G.cnt
+ NBAPI.DLL                     NBAPI.DLL
+ NBIPC.DLL                     NBIPC.DLL
+ cns3gum.dll                 | cpcview.exe
+                             > cpcdspl.exe 
+                             > cpcqm.exe
+                             > cpcspl.dll
+                             > cfine32.dll
+                             > cpcr407.dll
+                             > Cpcqm407.hlp
+                             > cpcqm407.cnt
+                             > cns3ggr.dll
+]]>
+</screen>
+
+Do not be fooled! Driver files for each version with identical
+names may be different in their content, as you can see from this size
+comparison:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt;<userinput>for i in cns3g.hlp cns3gui.dll cns3g.dll; do                  \
+           smbclient //10.160.50.8/print\$ -U 'Administrator%xxxx' \
+           -c "cd W32X86/3; dir $i; cd .. ; cd 2; dir $i";      \
+		   done</userinput>
+
+  CNS3G.HLP               A   122981  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+  CNS3G.HLP               A    99948  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+
+  CNS3GUI.DLL             A  1805824  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+  CNS3GUI.DLL             A  1785344  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+
+  CNS3G.DLL               A  1145088  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+  CNS3G.DLL               A    15872  Thu May 30 02:31:00 2002
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+In my example were even more differences than shown here. Conclusion: you must be careful to select
+the correct driver files for each driver version. Don't rely on the
+names alone and don't interchange files
+belonging to different driver versions.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Samba and Printer Ports</title>
+
+<para>
+Windows NT/2000 print servers associate a port with each printer. These normally take the form of
+<filename>LPT1:</filename>, <filename>COM1:</filename>,
+<filename>FILE:</filename>, and so on. Samba must also
+support the concept of ports associated with a printer. By default, only one printer port, named <quote>Samba
+Printer Port</quote>, exists on a system. Samba does not really need such a <quote>port</quote> in order
+to print; rather it is a requirement of Windows clients. They insist on being told about an available
+port when they request this information, otherwise they throw an error message at you. So Samba fakes the port
+information to keep the Windows clients happy.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Samba does not support the concept of <constant>Printer Pooling</constant> internally either. Printer
+Pooling assigns a logical printer to multiple ports as a form of load balancing or fail over.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you require multiple ports be defined for some reason or another (my users and my boss should not know
+that they are working with Samba), configure <smbconfoption name="enumports command"/>
+which can be used to define an external program that generates a listing of ports on a system.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Avoiding Common Client Driver Mis-configuration</title>
+
+<para>
+So now the printing works, but there are still problems. Most jobs print well, some do not print at
+all. Some jobs have problems with fonts, which do not look good. Some jobs print fast and some
+are dead-slow. We cannot cover it all, but we want to encourage you to read the brief paragraph about
+<quote>Avoiding the Wrong PostScript Driver Settings</quote> in the CUPS Printing part of this document.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>The Imprints Tool-set</title>
+
+<para>
+The Imprints tool set provides a UNIX equivalent of the Windows NT Add Printer
+Wizard. For complete information, please refer to the 
+<ulink url="http://imprints.sourceforge.net/">Imprints</ulink> Web site as well as the documentation
+included with the imprints source distribution. This section only provides a brief introduction to
+the features of Imprints.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Unfortunately, the Imprints tool-set is no longer maintained. As of December 2000, the project is in
+need of a new maintainer. The most important skill to have is Perl coding and an interest in MS-RPC-based
+printing used in Samba. If you wish to volunteer, please coordinate
+your efforts on the Samba technical
+mailing list. The tool-set is still in usable form, but only for a series of older printer models where
+there are prepared packages to use. Packages for more up-to-date print devices are needed if Imprints
+should have a future.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>What is Imprints?</title>
+
+<para>
+Imprints is a collection of tools for supporting these goals:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Providing a central repository of information regarding Windows NT and 95/98 printer driver packages.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Providing the tools necessary for creating the Imprints printer driver packages.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Providing an installation client that will obtain printer drivers from a central Internet (or intranet) Imprints Server
+	repository and install them on remote Samba and Windows NT4 print servers.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Creating Printer Driver Packages</title>
+
+<para>
+The process of creating printer driver packages is beyond the scope of this document (refer to Imprints.txt
+also included with the Samba distribution for more information). In short, an Imprints driver package
+is a gzipped tarball containing the driver files, related INF files, and a control file needed by the
+installation client.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>The Imprints Server</title>
+
+<para>
+The Imprints server is really a database server that may be queried via standard HTTP mechanisms. Each
+printer entry in the database has an associated URL for the actual downloading of the package. Each
+package is digitally signed via GnuPG which can be used to verify that
+the package downloaded is actually
+the one referred in the Imprints database. It is strongly recommended that this security check
+not be disabled.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>The Installation Client</title>
+
+<para>
+More information regarding the Imprints installation client is available from the the documentation file
+<filename>Imprints-Client-HOWTO.ps</filename> that is included with the Imprints source package. The Imprints
+installation client comes in two forms:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>A set of command line Perl scripts.</para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para>A GTK+ based graphical interface to the command line Perl scripts.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The installation client (in both forms) provides a means of querying the Imprints database server for
+a matching list of known printer model names as well as a means to download and install the drivers on
+remote Samba and Windows NT print servers.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The basic installation process is in four steps and Perl code is wrapped around smbclient and rpcclient.
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	For each supported architecture for a given driver:
+	<orderedlist>
+		<listitem><para>rpcclient: Get the appropriate upload directory on the remote server.</para></listitem>
+		<listitem><para>smbclient: Upload the driver files.</para></listitem>
+		<listitem><para>rpcclient: Issues an AddPrinterDriver() MS-RPC.</para></listitem>
+	</orderedlist>
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>rpcclient: Issue an AddPrinterEx() MS-RPC to actually create the printer.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+One of the problems encountered when implementing the Imprints tool set was the name space issues between
+various supported client architectures. For example, Windows NT includes a driver named <quote>Apple LaserWriter
+II NTX v51.8</quote> and Windows 95 calls its version of this driver <quote>Apple LaserWriter II NTX</quote>.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The problem is how to know what client drivers have been uploaded for a printer. An astute reader will
+remember that the Windows NT Printer Properties dialog only includes space for one printer driver name. A
+quick look in the Windows NT 4.0 system registry at:
+</para>
+
+<para><filename>
+ HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Environment
+</filename></para>
+
+<para>
+will reveal that Windows NT always uses the NT driver name. This is okay as Windows NT always requires
+that at least the Windows NT version of the printer driver is present. Samba does not have the
+requirement internally, therefore, <quote>How can you use the NT driver name if it has not already been installed?</quote>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The way of sidestepping this limitation is to require that all Imprints printer driver packages include both the Intel Windows NT and
+95/98 printer drivers and that the NT driver is installed first.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Adding Network Printers without User Interaction</title>
+
+<para>
+The following MS Knowledge Base article may be of some help if you need to handle Windows 2000
+clients: <emphasis>How to Add Printers with No User Interaction in Windows 2000,</emphasis> (<ulink
+url="http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;189105">http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;189105</ulink>).
+It also applies to Windows XP Professional clients.
+The ideas sketched out in this section are inspired by this article, which describes a command-line method that can be
+applied to install network and local printers and their drivers. This is most useful if integrated in Logon
+Scripts. You can see what options are available by typing in the command prompt (<command>DOS box</command>):
+</para>
+
+<para><userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /?</userinput></para>
+
+<para>
+A window pops up that shows you all of the command-line switches available. An extensive list of examples
+is also provided. This is only for Win 200x/XP, it does not work on
+Windows NT. Windows NT probably has
+some other tools in the respective Resource Kit. Here is a suggestion about what a client logon script
+might contain, with a short explanation of what the lines actually do (it works if 200x/XP Windows
+clients access printers via Samba, and works for Windows-based print servers too):
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+<userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /dn /n "\\cupsserver\infotec2105-IPDS" /q</userinput>
+<userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /in /n "\\cupsserver\infotec2105-PS"</userinput>
+<userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /y /n "\\cupsserver\infotec2105-PS"</userinput>
+</screen></para>
+
+<para>
+Here is a list of the used command-line parameters: 
+</para>
+
+<variablelist>
+	<varlistentry><term>/dn</term>
+		<listitem><para>deletes a network printer</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry><term>/q</term>
+		<listitem><para>quiet modus</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry><term>/n</term>
+		<listitem><para>names a printer</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry><term>/in</term>
+		<listitem><para>adds a network printer connection</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+	<varlistentry><term>/y</term>
+		<listitem><para>sets printer as default printer</para></listitem>
+	</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Line 1 deletes a possibly existing previous network printer <emphasis>infotec2105-IPDS</emphasis>
+	(which had used native Windows drivers with LPRng that were removed from the server that was
+	converted to CUPS). The <command>/q</command> at the end eliminates Confirm
+	or error dialog boxes from popping up. They should not be presented to the user logging on.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>	
+	Line 2 adds the new printer
+	<emphasis>infotec2105-PS</emphasis> (which actually is the same
+	physical device but is now run by the new CUPS printing system and associated with the
+	CUPS/Adobe PS drivers). The printer and its driver must have been added to Samba prior to
+	the user logging in (e.g., by a procedure as discussed earlier in this chapter, or by running
+	<command>cupsaddsmb</command>). The driver is now auto-downloaded to the client PC where the
+	user is about to log in.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Line 3 sets the default printer to this new network printer (there might be several other
+	printers installed with this same method and some may be local as well, so we decide for a
+	default printer). The default printer selection may, of course, be different for different users.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+The second line only works if the printer <emphasis>infotec2105-PS</emphasis> has an already working
+print queue on the <constant>cupsserver</constant>, and if the
+printer drivers have been successfully uploaded
+(via the <command>APW</command>, <command>smbclient/rpcclient</command>, or <command>cupsaddsmb</command>)
+into the <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> driver repository of Samba. Some Samba versions
+prior to version 3.0 required a re-start of smbd after the printer install and the driver upload,
+otherwise the script (or any other client driver download) would fail.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Since there no easy way to test for the existence of an installed network printer from the logon script,
+do not bother checking, just allow the de-installation/re-installation to occur every time a user logs in;
+it's really quick anyway (1 to 2 seconds).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The additional benefits for this are:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	It puts in place any printer default setup changes automatically at every user logon.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	It allows for <quote>roaming</quote> users' login into the domain from different workstations.
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+Since network printers are installed per user, this much simplifies the process of keeping the installation
+up-to-date. The few extra seconds at logon time will not really be noticeable. Printers can be centrally
+added, changed and deleted at will on the server with no user intervention required from the clients
+(you just need to keep the logon scripts up-to-date).
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>The <command>addprinter</command> Command</title>
+
+<para>
+The <command>addprinter</command> command can be configured to be a shell script or program executed by
+Samba. It is triggered by running the APW from a client against the Samba print server. The APW asks
+the user to fill in several fields (such as printer name, driver to be used, comment, port monitor,
+and so on). These parameters are passed on to Samba by the APW. If the addprinter command is designed in a
+way that it can create a new printer (through writing correct printcap entries on legacy systems, or
+execute the <command>lpadmin</command> command on more modern systems) and create the associated share
+in, then the APW will in effect really create a new printer on Samba and the UNIX print subsystem!
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Migration of Classical Printing to Samba</title>
+
+<para>
+The basic NT-style printer driver management has not changed considerably in 3.0 over the 2.2.x releases
+(apart from many small improvements). Here migration should be quite easy, especially if you followed
+previous advice to stop using deprecated parameters in your setup. For migrations from an existing 2.0.x
+setup, or if you continued Windows 9x/Me-style printing in your Samba 2.2 installations, it is more of
+an effort. Please read the appropriate release notes and the HOWTO Collection for Samba-2.2.x. You can
+follow several paths. Here are possible scenarios for migration:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	You need to study and apply the new Windows NT printer and driver support. Previously used
+	parameters <parameter>printer driver file</parameter>, <parameter>printer driver</parameter>
+	and <parameter>printer driver location</parameter> are no longer supported.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	If you want to take advantage of Windows NT printer driver support, you also need to migrate the
+	Windows 9x/Me drivers to the new setup.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	An existing <filename>printers.def</filename> file (the one specified in the now removed parameter
+	<parameter>printer driver file</parameter>) will no longer work with Samba-3. In 3.0, smbd attempts
+	to locate a Windows 9x/Me driver files for the printer in <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>
+	and additional settings in the TDB and only there; if it fails, it will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+	(as 2.2.x used to do) drop down to using a <filename>printers.def</filename> (and all associated
+	parameters). The make_printerdef tool is removed and there is no backward compatibility for this.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>You need to install a Windows 9x/Me driver into the
+	<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share for a printer on your Samba
+	host. The driver files will be stored in the <quote>WIN40/0</quote> subdirectory of
+	<smbconfsection name="[print$]"/>, and some other settings and information go
+	into the printing-related TDBs.</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>If you want to migrate an existing
+	<filename>printers.def</filename> file into the new setup, the
+	only current
+	solution is to use the Windows NT APW to install the NT drivers
+	and the 9x/Me drivers. This can be scripted using smbclient and
+	rpcclient. See the Imprints installation client at:
+	</para>
+
+	<para>
+		<ulink noescape="1" url="http://imprints.sourceforge.net/">http://imprints.sourceforge.net/</ulink>
+	</para>
+
+	<para>
+	for an example. See also the discussion of rpcclient usage in the
+	<quote>CUPS Printing</quote> section.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Publishing Printer Information in Active Directory or LDAP</title>
+
+<para>
+This will be addressed in a later update of this document. If you wish to volunteer your services to help
+document this, please contact <ulink url="mail://jht@samba.org">John H Terpstra.</ulink>
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Common Errors</title>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>I Give My Root Password but I Do Not Get Access</title>
+
+<para>
+Do not confuse the root password which is valid for the UNIX system (and in most cases stored in the
+form of a one-way hash in a file named <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>), with the password used to
+authenticate against Samba. Samba does not know the UNIX password. Root access to Samba resources
+requires that a Samba account for root must first be created. This is done with the <command>smbpasswd</command>
+command as follows:
+</para>
+
+<para><screen>
+&rootprompt; smbpasswd -a root
+New SMB password: secret
+Retype new SMB password: secret
+</screen></para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>My Print Jobs Get Spooled into the Spooling Directory, but Then Get Lost</title>
+
+<para>
+Do not use the existing UNIX print system spool directory for the Samba spool directory. It may seem
+convenient and a savings of space, but it only leads to problems. The two must be separate.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+</chapter>