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authorJohn Terpstra <jht@samba.org>2005-06-16 02:10:11 +0000
committerGerald W. Carter <jerry@samba.org>2008-04-23 08:46:49 -0500
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treea6b03abd362179db7e741d497bcdc12a8f096fa5 /docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml
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(This used to be commit bc4d2f60cefa126415b06440280761d19e8c0d21)
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml')
-rw-r--r--docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml87
1 files changed, 43 insertions, 44 deletions
diff --git a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml
index 385646d91f..3d91f2c356 100644
--- a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml
+++ b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-HighAvailability.xml
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>All clients can connect transparently to any server.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A server can fail and clients are transparently reconnected to another server.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>All servers server out the same set of files.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>All servers serve out the same set of files.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>All file changes are immediately seen on all servers.</para>
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>Requires a distributed file system.</para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem>
<listitem><para>Infinite ability to scale by adding more servers or disks.</para></listitem>
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
The TCP connection involves a packet sequence number. This
sequence number would need to be dynamically updated on all
- machines in the cluster to effect seamless TCP fail-over.
+ machines in the cluster to effect seamless TCP failover.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
CIFS/SMB (the Windows networking protocols) uses TCP connections.
</para>
<para>
- This means that from a basic design perspective, fail-over is not
+ This means that from a basic design perspective, failover is not
seriously considered.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
- All current SMB clusters are fail-over solutions
+ All current SMB clusters are failover solutions
&smbmdash; they rely on the clients to reconnect. They provide server
- fail-over, but clients can lose information due to a server failure.
+ failover, but clients can lose information due to a server failure.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
Servers keep state information about client connections.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>CIFS/SMB involves a lot of state.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Every file open must be compared with other file opens
+ <listitem><para>Every file open must be compared with other open files
to check share modes.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
@@ -140,13 +140,13 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
To make it possible for a cluster of file servers to appear as a single server that has one
name and one IP address, the incoming TCP data streams from clients must be processed by the
- front end virtual server. This server must de-multiplex the incoming packets at the SMB protocol
+ front-end virtual server. This server must de-multiplex the incoming packets at the SMB protocol
layer level and then feed the SMB packet to different servers in the cluster.
</para>
<para>
- One could split all IPC$ connections and RPC calls to one server to handle printing and user
- lookup requirements. RPC Printing handles are shared between different IPC4 sessions &smbmdash; it is
+ One could split all IPC4 connections and RPC calls to one server to handle printing and user
+ lookup requirements. RPC printing handles are shared between different IPC4 sessions &smbmdash; it is
hard to split this across clustered servers!
</para>
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
</sect3>
<sect3>
- <title>De-multiplexing SMB Requests</title>
+ <title>Demultiplexing SMB Requests</title>
<para>
De-multiplexing of SMB requests requires knowledge of SMB state information,
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
SMB requests are sent by vuid to their associated server. No code exists today to
- affect this solution. This problem is conceptually similar to the problem of
+ effect this solution. This problem is conceptually similar to the problem of
correctly handling requests from multiple requests from Windows 2000
Terminal Server in Samba.
</para>
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
Many could be adopted to backend our cluster, so long as awareness of SMB
- semantics is kept in mind (share modes, locking and oplock issues in particular).
+ semantics is kept in mind (share modes, locking, and oplock issues in particular).
Common free distributed file systems include:
<indexterm><primary>NFS</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>AFS</primary></indexterm>
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
On the other hand, where the server pool also provides NFS or other file services,
- it will be essential that the implementation be oplock aware so it can
+ it will be essential that the implementation be oplock-aware so it can
interoperate with SMB services. This is a significant challenge today. A failure
- to provide this will result in a significant loss of performance that will be
+ to provide this interoperability will result in a significant loss of performance that will be
sorely noted by users of Microsoft Windows clients.
</para>
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<para>
All <command>smbd</command> processes in the server pool must of necessity communicate
very quickly. For this, the current <parameter>tdb</parameter> file structure that Samba
- uses is not suitable for use across a network. Clustered <command>smbd</command>'s must use something else.
+ uses is not suitable for use across a network. Clustered <command>smbd</command>s must use something else.
</para>
</sect3>
@@ -262,22 +262,22 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<title>Server Pool Communications Demands</title>
<para>
- High speed inter-server communications in the server pool is a design prerequisite
+ High-speed interserver communications in the server pool is a design prerequisite
for a fully functional system. Possibilities for this include:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
- Proprietary shared memory bus (example: Myrinet or SCI [Scalable Coherent Interface]).
- These are high cost items.
+ Proprietary shared memory bus (example: Myrinet or SCI [scalable coherent interface]).
+ These are high-cost items.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
- Gigabit ethernet (now quite affordable).
+ Gigabit Ethernet (now quite affordable).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
- Raw ethernet framing (to bypass TCP and UDP overheads).
+ Raw Ethernet framing (to bypass TCP and UDP overheads).
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<title>Required Modifications to Samba</title>
<para>
- Samba needs to be significantly modified to work with a high-speed server inter-connect
- system to permit transparent fail-over clustering.
+ Samba needs to be significantly modified to work with a high-speed server interconnect
+ system to permit transparent failover clustering.
</para>
<para>
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<listitem><para>
Failure semantics need to be defined. Samba behaves the same way as Windows.
When oplock messages fail, a file open request is allowed, but this is
- potentially dangerous in a clustered environment. So how should inter-server
- pool failure semantics function and how should this be implemented?
+ potentially dangerous in a clustered environment. So how should interserver
+ pool failure semantics function, and how should such functionality be implemented?
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
@@ -327,13 +327,13 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<title>A Simple Solution</title>
<para>
- Allowing fail-over servers to handle different functions within the exported file system
+ Allowing failover servers to handle different functions within the exported file system
removes the problem of requiring a distributed locking protocol.
</para>
<para>
- If only one server is active in a pair, the need for high speed server interconnect is avoided.
- This allows the use of existing high availability solutions, instead of inventing a new one.
+ If only one server is active in a pair, the need for high-speed server interconnect is avoided.
+ This allows the use of existing high-availability solutions, instead of inventing a new one.
This simpler solution comes at a price &smbmdash; the cost of which is the need to manage a more
complex file name space. Since there is now not a single file system, administrators
must remember where all services are located &smbmdash; a complexity not easily dealt with.
@@ -347,32 +347,32 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title>High Availability Server Products</title>
+ <title>High-Availability Server Products</title>
<para>
- Fail-over servers must communicate in order to handle resource fail-over. This is essential
- for high availability services. The use of a dedicated heartbeat is a common technique to
- introduce some intelligence into the fail-over process. This is often done over a dedicated
+ Failover servers must communicate in order to handle resource failover. This is essential
+ for high-availability services. The use of a dedicated heartbeat is a common technique to
+ introduce some intelligence into the failover process. This is often done over a dedicated
link (LAN or serial).
</para>
<para>
<indexterm><primary>SCSI</primary></indexterm>
- Many fail-over solutions (like Red Hat Cluster Manager, as well as Microsoft Wolfpack)
- can use a shared SCSI of Fiber Channel disk storage array for fail-over communication.
- Information regarding Red Hat high availability solutions for Samba may be obtained from:
- <ulink url="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-AS-2.1-Manual/cluster-manager/s1-service-samba.html">www.redhat.com.</ulink>
+ Many failover solutions (like Red Hat Cluster Manager and Microsoft Wolfpack)
+ can use a shared SCSI of Fiber Channel disk storage array for failover communication.
+ Information regarding Red Hat high availability solutions for Samba may be obtained from
+ <ulink url="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-AS-2.1-Manual/cluster-manager/s1-service-samba.html">www.redhat.com</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
The Linux High Availability project is a resource worthy of consultation if your desire is
to build a highly available Samba file server solution. Please consult the home page at
- <ulink url="http://www.linux-ha.org/">www.linux-ha.org/.</ulink>
+ <ulink url="http://www.linux-ha.org/">www.linux-ha.org/</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
- Front-end server complexity remains a challenge for high availability as it needs to deal
- gracefully with backend failures, while at the same time it needs to provide continuity of service
+ Front-end server complexity remains a challenge for high availability because it must deal
+ gracefully with backend failures, while at the same time providing continuity of service
to all network clients.
</para>
@@ -386,12 +386,12 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<indexterm><primary>DFS</primary><see>MS-DFS, Distributed File Systems</see></indexterm>
MS-DFS links can be used to redirect clients to disparate backend servers. This pushes
complexity back to the network client, something already included by Microsoft.
- MS-DFS creates the illusion of a simple, continuous file system name space, that even
- works at the file level.
+ MS-DFS creates the illusion of a simple, continuous file system name space that works even
+ at the file level.
</para>
<para>
- Above all, at the cost of complexity of management, a distributed (pseudo-cluster) can
+ Above all, at the cost of complexity of management, a distributed system (pseudo-cluster) can
be created using existing Samba functionality.
</para>
@@ -402,9 +402,8 @@ from other sources, but it was Jeremy who inspired the structure that follows.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Transparent SMB clustering is hard to do!</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Client fail-over is the best we can do today.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Much more work is needed before a practical and manageable high
- availability transparent cluster solution will be possible.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Client failover is the best we can do today.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>Much more work is needed before a practical and manageable high-availability transparent cluster solution will be possible.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>MS-DFS can be used to create the illusion of a single transparent cluster.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>