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| author | John Terpstra <jht@samba.org> | 2005-06-24 05:52:48 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Gerald W. Carter <jerry@samba.org> | 2008-04-23 08:46:54 -0500 |
| commit | 6bf7ea511d97c25836b1433a29b035b07d62676e (patch) | |
| tree | dcc6507037cdfb7adf388ab4e4be057e1c26f1f3 /docs/Samba3-HOWTO | |
| parent | 1eab62ac70ece24fee3fe5edb52a37076c5d68f9 (diff) | |
| download | samba-6bf7ea511d97c25836b1433a29b035b07d62676e.tar.gz samba-6bf7ea511d97c25836b1433a29b035b07d62676e.tar.bz2 samba-6bf7ea511d97c25836b1433a29b035b07d62676e.zip | |
Updates.
(This used to be commit 471d549a6dae3349ac5ee523424cfbd080009877)
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/Samba3-HOWTO')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-CUPS-printing.xml | 382 |
1 files changed, 341 insertions, 41 deletions
diff --git a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-CUPS-printing.xml b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-CUPS-printing.xml index 64d4ecfa09..e5d0675024 100644 --- a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-CUPS-printing.xml +++ b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-CUPS-printing.xml @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ <title>Features and Benefits</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>default printing</primary></indexterm> The Common UNIX Print System (<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink>) has become quite popular. All major Linux distributions now ship it as their default printing system. To many, it is still a mystical tool. Mostly, it just works. People tend to regard @@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm> CUPS sports quite a few unique and powerful features. While its basic functions may be grasped quite easily, they are also new. Because it is different from other, more traditional printing systems, it is best not to try to apply any prior knowledge about printing to this new system. Rather, try to understand CUPS from @@ -57,6 +59,14 @@ <title>Overview</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>print spooling system</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>printer management system</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>IETF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Internet Printing Protocol</primary><see>IPP</see></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Internet Engineering Task Force</primary><see>IETF</see></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>GUI</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>KDEPrint</primary></indexterm> CUPS is more than just a print spooling system. It is a complete printer management system that complies with the new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an industry and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for network printing. Many of its functions can be managed remotely (or locally) via a Web @@ -66,6 +76,8 @@ </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>raw printers</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>smart printers</primary></indexterm> CUPS allows creation of <emphasis>raw</emphasis> printers (i.e., no print file format translation) as well as <emphasis>smart</emphasis> printers (i.e., CUPS does file format conversion as required for the printer). In many ways this gives CUPS capabilities similar to the MS Windows print monitoring system. Of @@ -81,23 +93,29 @@ <title>Basic CUPS Support Configuration</title> <para> - Printing with CUPS in the most basic &smb.conf; setup in Samba-3.0 (as was true for 2.2.x) requires just - two parameters: <smbconfoption name="printing">cups</smbconfoption> and - <smbconfoption name="printcap">cups</smbconfoption>. CUPS does not need a printcap file. - However, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows of two related directives that control - how such a file will be automatically created and maintained by CUPS for the convenience of third-party - applications (example: <parameter>Printcap /etc/printcap</parameter> and <parameter>PrintcapFormat BSD</parameter>). - Legacy programs often require the existence of a printcap file containing printer names or they will refuse to - print. Make sure CUPS is set to generate and maintain a printcap file. For details, see - <command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation, like the wealth of documents - regarding theCUPS server itself available from the - <ulink noescape="1" url="http://localhost:631/documentation.html">CUPS</ulink> web site. +<indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsd.conf</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/printcap</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Printcap</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PrintcapFormat</primary></indexterm> +Printing with CUPS in the most basic &smb.conf; setup in Samba-3.0 (as was true for 2.2.x) requires just two +parameters: <smbconfoption name="printing">cups</smbconfoption> and <smbconfoption +name="printcap">cups</smbconfoption>. CUPS does not need a printcap file. However, the +<filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows of two related directives that control how such a +file will be automatically created and maintained by CUPS for the convenience of third-party applications +(example: <parameter>Printcap /etc/printcap</parameter> and <parameter>PrintcapFormat BSD</parameter>). +Legacy programs often require the existence of a printcap file containing printer names or they will refuse to +print. Make sure CUPS is set to generate and maintain a printcap file. For details, see <command>man +cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation, like the wealth of documents regarding the CUPS +server itself available from the <ulink noescape="1" +url="http://localhost:631/documentation.html">CUPS</ulink> web site. </para> <sect2> <title>Linking smbd with libcups.so</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>libcups.so</primary></indexterm> Samba has a special relationship to CUPS. Samba can be compiled with CUPS library support. Most recent installations have this support enabled. By default, CUPS linking is compiled into smbd and other Samba binaries. Of course, you can use CUPS even @@ -106,6 +124,8 @@ </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>libcups</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>ldd</primary></indexterm> When Samba is compiled and linked with <filename>libcups</filename>, <smbconfoption name="printcap">cups</smbconfoption> uses the CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, query queues, and so on. Otherwise it maps to the System V commands with an additional <command>-oraw</command> option for printing. On a Linux @@ -122,6 +142,7 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>libcups.so.2</primary></indexterm> The line <computeroutput>libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000)</computeroutput> shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of Samba. If this is the case, and printing = cups is set, then <emphasis>any otherwise manually set print command in &smb.conf; is ignored</emphasis>. @@ -173,6 +194,9 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) </example> <para> +<indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>printer driver</primary></indexterm> This is all you need for basic printing setup for CUPS. It will print all graphic, text, PDF, and PostScript files submitted from Windows clients. However, most of your Windows users would not know how to send these kinds of files to print without opening a GUI application. Windows clients tend to have local printer drivers @@ -256,6 +280,7 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) <para> +<indexterm><primary>spooling</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>spooling</primary><secondary>central</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>spooling</primary><secondary>peer-to-peer</secondary></indexterm> Many small office or home networks, as well as badly organized larger environments, allow each client a direct @@ -274,7 +299,7 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) <para> <indexterm><primary>spooling-only</primary></indexterm> - <indexterm><primary>"raw" printing</primary></indexterm> + <indexterm><primary>raw printing</primary></indexterm> Most traditionally configured UNIX print servers acting on behalf of Samba's Windows clients represented a really simple setup. Their only task was to manage the <quote>raw</quote> spooling of all jobs handed to them by @@ -285,6 +310,8 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>render</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>vendor-provided drivers</primary></indexterm> It is possible to configure CUPS, Samba, and your Windows clients in the same traditional and simple way. When CUPS printers are configured for raw print-through mode operation, it is the responsibility of the @@ -306,6 +333,7 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) <title>Configuration Steps for Raw CUPS Printing Support</title> <step><para> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.types</primary></indexterm> Edit <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> to uncomment the line near the end of the file that has: <screen> @@ -314,6 +342,7 @@ libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) </para></step> <step><para> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.convs</primary></indexterm> Do the same for the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename>. </para></step> @@ -424,6 +453,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <para> <indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME type</primary></indexterm> That CUPS is a more security-aware printing system than traditional ones does not by default allow a user to send deliberate (possibly binary) data to printing devices. This could be easily abused to launch a <quote>Denial of Service</quote> attack on your printer(s), causing at least the loss of a lot of paper and @@ -459,7 +489,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - share). For a discussion on how to deposit printer drivers on the Samba host (so the Windows clients can download and use them via <quote>Point'n'Print</quote>), please refer to the <link linkend="classicalprinting">Classic Printing - chapter</link> of this Samba-3 HOWTO Collection. There you will find a description or reference to + chapter</link> of this book. There you will find a description or reference to three methods of preparing the client drivers on the Samba server: </para> @@ -479,7 +509,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> - <para> + <para> +<indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> These three methods apply to CUPS all the same. The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> utility is new and more convenient way to load the Windows drivers into Samba is provided if you use CUPS. </para> @@ -506,6 +537,9 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - You might need to set up CUPS in a smarter way. The reasons could be manifold: </para> +<indexterm><primary>print statistics</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>average print run</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>print quota</primary></indexterm> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>Maybe your boss wants to get monthly statistics: Which printer did how many pages? What was the average data size of a job? @@ -550,6 +584,9 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <para> <indexterm><primary>PCL</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>PDL</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>page description languages</primary><see>PDL</see></indexterm> You can't expect to throw just any file format at a printer and have it get printed. A file format conversion must take place. The problem is that there is no common standard for print file formats across all manufacturers and printer types. While PostScript (trademark held by Adobe) and, to an extent, PCL (trademark @@ -567,6 +604,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <indexterm><primary>GDI</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>EMF</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>WYSIWYG</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Enhanced MetaFile</primary><see>EMF</see></indexterm> In Windows OS, the format conversion job is done by the printer drivers. On MS Windows OS platforms all application programmers have at their disposal a built-in API, the graphical device interface (GDI), as part and parcel of the OS itself to base themselves on. This GDI core is used as one common unified ground for all @@ -580,6 +618,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <note><para> <indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Xprint</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>core graphic engine</primary></indexterm> To the GDI foundation in MS Windows, Apple has chosen to put paper and screen output on a common foundation for its (BSD-UNIX-based, did you know?) Mac OS X and Darwin operating <indexterm><primary>X Window System</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> @@ -626,6 +666,15 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <para> <indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>color</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>linewidth</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>scale</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>distort</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rotate</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>shift</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster images</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>display PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>graphical objects</primary></indexterm> The PostScript programming language is an <quote>invention</quote> by Adobe, but its specifications have been published extensively. Its strength lies in its powerful abilities to describe graphical objects (fonts, shapes, patterns, lines, curves, and dots), their attributes (color, linewidth), and the way to manipulate @@ -647,6 +696,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>GhostScript</primary><seealso>PostScript</seealso></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary><secondary>RIP</secondary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript interpreter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster image processor</primary><see>RIP</see></indexterm> So, UNIX is lacking a common ground for printing on paper and displaying on screen. Despite this unfavorable legacy for UNIX, basic printing is fairly easy if you have PostScript printers at your disposal. The reason is these devices have a built-in PostScript language <quote>interpreter,</quote> also called a raster image @@ -658,6 +709,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <note><para> <indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPD-aware</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript Printer Description</primary><see>PPD</see></indexterm> Traditional UNIX programs and printing systems &smbmdash; while using PostScript &smbmdash; are largely not PPD-aware. PPDs are <quote>PostScript Printer Description</quote> files. They enable you to specify and control all options a printer supports: duplexing, stapling, and punching. Therefore, UNIX users for a long @@ -699,6 +752,9 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </figure> <tip><para> +<indexterm><primary>PNG</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>AFPL</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>ESP</primary></indexterm> Use the <quote>gs -h</quote> command to check for all built-in <quote>devices</quote> on your Ghostscript version. If you specify a parameter of <parameter>-sDEVICE=png256</parameter> on your Ghostscript command line, you are asking Ghostscript to convert the input into a PNG file. Naming a <quote>device</quote> on the @@ -720,6 +776,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <para> <indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDL</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> While PostScript in essence is a PDL to represent the page layout in a device-independent way, real-world print jobs are always ending up being output on hardware with device-specific features. To take care of all the differences in hardware and to allow for innovations, Adobe has specified a syntax and file format for @@ -748,6 +806,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <warning><para> <indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDF distilling</primary></indexterm> A PostScript file that was created to contain device-specific commands for achieving a certain print job output (e.g., duplexed, stapled, and punched) on a specific target machine may not print as expected, or @@ -760,6 +819,9 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <title>Using Windows-Formatted Vendor PPDs</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPDs</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> CUPS can handle all spec-compliant PPDs as supplied by the manufacturers for their PostScript models. Even if a vendor does not mention our favorite OS in his or her manuals and brochures, you can safely trust this: <emphasis>If you get the Windows NT version of the PPD, you can use it unchanged in CUPS</emphasis> and thus @@ -783,6 +845,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para></warning> <tip><para> +<indexterm><primary>W32X86/2</primary></indexterm> If you are looking for an original vendor-provided PPD of a specific device, and you know that an NT4 box (or any other Windows box) on your LAN has the PostScript driver installed, just use <command>smbclient //NT4-box/print\$ -U username</command> to access the Windows directory where all printer driver files are @@ -794,6 +857,9 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <title>CUPS Also Uses PPDs for Non-PostScript Printers</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>non-PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS filtering</primary></indexterm> CUPS also uses specially crafted PPDs to handle non-PostScript printers. These PPDs are usually not available from the vendors (and no, you can't just take the PPD of a PostScript printer with the same model name and hope it works for the non-PostScript version too). To understand how these PPDs work for non-PS printers, we @@ -808,6 +874,11 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <title>The CUPS Filtering Architecture</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS filtering</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME type</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME recognition</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME conversion rules</primary></indexterm> The core of the CUPS filtering system is based on Ghostscript. In addition to Ghostscript, CUPS uses some other filters of its own. You (or your OS vendor) may have plugged in even more filters. CUPS handles all data file formats under the label of various MIME types. Every incoming print file is subjected to an initial @@ -823,18 +894,24 @@ If CUPS rasterizes a PostScript file natively to a bitmap, this is done in two s <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>generic raster format</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS raster</primary></indexterm> The first stage uses a Ghostscript device named <quote>cups</quote> (this is since version 1.1.15) and produces a generic raster format called <quote>CUPS raster</quote>. </para></listitem> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>raster driver</primary></indexterm> The second stage uses a <quote>raster driver</quote> that converts the generic CUPS raster to a device-specific raster. </para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>GNU Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>ESP Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> Make sure your Ghostscript version has the <quote>cups</quote> device compiled in (check with <command>gs -h | grep cups</command>). Otherwise you may encounter the dreaded <computeroutput>Unable to convert file 0</computeroutput> in your CUPS error_log file. To have <quote>cups</quote> as a device in your Ghostscript, @@ -849,6 +926,8 @@ It is now recommended by Linuxprinting.org for all spoolers. <para> <indexterm><primary>cupsomatic</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>foomatic</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>foomatic-rip</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>ESP Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> CUPS printers may be set up to use external rendering paths. One of the most common is provided by the Foomatic/cupsomatic concept from <ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Linuxprinting.org</ulink>. This uses the classical Ghostscript approach, doing everything in one step. It does not use the @@ -865,6 +944,9 @@ called now <emphasis>foomatic-rip</emphasis>, follows). <para> <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary><secondary>filters</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>mime.types</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/pdf</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>autotyping</primary></indexterm> CUPS reads the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> (and all other files carrying a <filename>*.types</filename> suffix in the same directory) upon startup. These files contain the MIME type recognition rules that are applied when CUPS runs its autotyping routines. The rule syntax is explained in the @@ -874,12 +956,20 @@ called now <emphasis>foomatic-rip</emphasis>, follows). <programlisting> application/pdf pdf string(0,%PDF) </programlisting> +<indexterm><primary>%PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>.pdf</primary></indexterm> This means if a filename has a <filename>.pdf</filename> suffix or if the magic string <emphasis>%PDF</emphasis> is right at the beginning of the file itself (offset 0 from the start), then it is a PDF file (<parameter>application/pdf</parameter>). Another rule is this: <programlisting> application/postscript ai eps ps string(0,%!) string(0,<04>%!) </programlisting> +<indexterm><primary>suffixes</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>.ai</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>.eps</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>.ps</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>generic PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/postscript</primary></indexterm> If the filename has one of the suffixes <filename>.ai</filename>, <filename>.eps</filename>, <filename>.ps</filename>, or if the file itself starts with one of the strings <emphasis>%!</emphasis> or <emphasis><![CDATA[<04>%!]]></emphasis>, it is a generic PostScript file @@ -887,11 +977,17 @@ application/postscript ai eps ps string(0,%!) string(0,<04>%!) </para> <warning><para> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/</primary></indexterm> Don't confuse the other mime.types files your system might be using with the one in the <filename>/etc/cups/</filename> directory. </para></warning> <note><para> +<indexterm><primary>application/postscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>filter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>transformation</primary></indexterm> There is an important difference between two similar MIME types in CUPS: one is <parameter>application/postscript</parameter>, the other is <parameter>application/vnd.cups-postscript</parameter>. While <parameter>application/postscript</parameter> is @@ -904,8 +1000,24 @@ application/postscript ai eps ps string(0,%!) string(0,<04>%!) </para></note> <para> +<indexterm><primary>ASCII</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>HP-GL</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>DVI</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>GIF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PNG</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>TIFF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>JPEG</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Photo-CD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>SUN-Raster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PNM</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PBM</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>SGI-RGB</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>filters</primary></indexterm> CUPS can handle ASCII text, HP-GL, PDF, PostScript, DVI, and - many image formats (GIF. PNG, TIFF, JPEG, Photo-CD, SUN-Raster, + many image formats (GIF, PNG, TIFF, JPEG, Photo-CD, SUN-Raster, PNM, PBM, SGI-RGB, and more) and their associated MIME types with its filters. </para> @@ -919,6 +1031,9 @@ application/postscript ai eps ps string(0,%!) string(0,<04>%!) <para> <indexterm><primary>MIME</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>application/pdf</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.convs</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/pdf</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/postscript</primary></indexterm> CUPS reads the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename> (and all other files named with a <filename>*.convs</filename> suffix in the same directory) upon startup. These files contain @@ -929,6 +1044,7 @@ application/postscript ai eps ps string(0,%!) string(0,<04>%!) <programlisting> application/pdf application/postscript 33 pdftops </programlisting> +<indexterm><primary>pdftops</primary></indexterm> This means that the <parameter>pdftops</parameter> filter will take <parameter>application/pdf</parameter> as input and produce <parameter>application/postscript</parameter> as output; the virtual @@ -938,6 +1054,7 @@ application/pdf application/postscript 33 pdftops <programlisting> application/vnd.hp-HPGL application/postscript 66 hpgltops </programlisting> +<indexterm><primary>hpgltops</primary></indexterm> This is the <parameter>hpgltops</parameter>, which processes HP-GL plotter files to PostScript. <indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm> @@ -946,11 +1063,14 @@ application/octet-stream </programlisting> Here are two more examples: <indexterm><primary>text/plain</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/x-shell</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>text/plain</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>texttops</primary></indexterm> <programlisting> application/x-shell application/postscript 33 texttops text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </programlisting> - +<indexterm><primary>application/x-shell</primary></indexterm> The last two examples name the <parameter>texttops</parameter> filter to work on <parameter>text/plain</parameter> as well as on <parameter>application/x-shell</parameter>. (Hint: This differentiation is needed for the syntax highlighting feature of <parameter>texttops</parameter>). @@ -1032,12 +1152,24 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <para> <indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>non-PostScript printers</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster</primary></indexterm> As previously stated, PostScript is the central file format to any UNIX-based printing system. From PostScript, CUPS generates raster data to feed non-PostScript printers. </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>prefilters</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>ASCII text</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>DVI</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>HP-GL.</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME type</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/postscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>pstops</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/vnd.cups-postscript</primary></indexterm> But what happens if you send one of the supported non-PS formats to print? Then CUPS runs <quote>prefilters</quote> on these input formats to generate PostScript first. There are prefilters to create PostScript from ASCII text, PDF, DVI, or HP-GL. The outcome of these filters is always of MIME type @@ -1060,6 +1192,13 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>pstops</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>pstops</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/postscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/vnd.cups-postscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>output duplexing</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>stapling</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>punching</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> <emphasis>pstops</emphasis> is a filter that is used to convert <parameter>application/postscript</parameter> to <parameter>application/vnd.cups-postscript</parameter>. As stated earlier, this filter inserts all device-specific print options (commands to the printer to ask for the duplexing of output, or stapling and @@ -1098,6 +1237,9 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>pstoraster</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>pstoraster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rasterization</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster drivers</primary></indexterm> <parameter>pstoraster</parameter> is at the core of the CUPS filtering system. It is responsible for the first stage of the rasterization process. Its input is of MIME type application/vnd.cups-postscript; its output is application/vnd.cups-raster. This output format is not yet meant to be printable. Its aim is to serve as a @@ -1112,6 +1254,10 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </figure> <para> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS raster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>generic raster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>IANA</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster drivers</primary></indexterm> CUPS raster is a generic raster format with powerful features. It is able to include per-page information, color profiles, and more, to be used by the downstream raster drivers. Its MIME type is registered with IANA and its specification is, of course, completely open. It is designed to make it quite easy and inexpensive for @@ -1128,6 +1274,10 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </figure> <para> +<indexterm><primary>pstoraster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>GNU Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>AFPL Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>standalone filter</primary></indexterm> CUPS versions before version 1.1.15 shipped a binary (or source code) standalone filter, named <parameter>pstoraster</parameter>. <parameter>pstoraster</parameter>, which was derived from GNU Ghostscript 5.50 and could be installed besides and in addition to any GNU or AFPL Ghostscript package without @@ -1147,6 +1297,8 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>imagetops and imagetoraster</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>prefilter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>imagetoraster</primary></indexterm> In the section about prefilters, we mentioned the prefilter that generates PostScript from image formats. The <parameter>imagetoraster</parameter> filter is used to convert directly from image to raster, without the @@ -1166,6 +1318,17 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>rasterto [printers specific]</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoalps</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertobj</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoepson</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoescp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertopcl</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoturboprint</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoescp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertohp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoprinter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoprinter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Gimp-Print</primary></indexterm> CUPS ships with quite a variety of raster drivers for processing CUPS raster. On my system I find in /usr/lib/cups/filter/ the following: <parameter>rastertoalps</parameter>, <parameter>rastertobj</parameter>, <parameter>rastertoepson</parameter>, <parameter>rastertoescp</parameter>, <parameter>rastertopcl</parameter>, @@ -1188,6 +1351,8 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>CUPS Backends</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS filtering chain</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>print queue</primary></indexterm> The last part of any CUPS filtering chain is a backend. Backends are special programs that send the print-ready file to the final device. There is a separate backend program for any transfer @@ -1303,6 +1468,8 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>lpinfo</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS backends</primary></indexterm> Not all of the mentioned backends may be present on your system or usable (depending on your hardware configuration). One test for all available CUPS backends is provided by the <emphasis>lpinfo</emphasis> @@ -1321,6 +1488,9 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <para> <indexterm><primary>cupsomatic</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>foomatic</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPDs</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Foomatic Printer</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Linuxprinting.org</primary></indexterm> <parameter>cupsomatic</parameter> filters may be the most widely used on CUPS installations. You must be clear that these were not developed by the CUPS people. They are a third-party add-on to @@ -1349,6 +1519,16 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <para> <indexterm><primary>point'n'print</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>foomatic-rip</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe specifications</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>hi-res photo</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>normal color</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>grayscale</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>draft</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>media type</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>resolution</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>inktype</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>dithering algorithm</primary></indexterm> However, <parameter>cupsomatic</parameter> is now deprecated. Its PPDs (especially the first generation of them, still in heavy use out there) are not meeting the Adobe specifications. You might also suffer difficulties when you try @@ -1398,6 +1578,8 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </para> <tip><para> +<indexterm><primary>cupsd.conf</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>FilterLimit</primary></indexterm> Setting <parameter>FilterLimit 1000</parameter> in <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> will not allow more filters to run concurrently than will consume a total of 1000 virtual filter @@ -1412,6 +1594,9 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title><quote>Raw</quote> Printing</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>lpadmin</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rawprinter</primary></indexterm> You can tell CUPS to print (nearly) any file <quote>raw</quote>. <quote>Raw</quote> means it will not be filtered. CUPS will send the file to the printer <quote>as is</quote> without bothering if the printer is able to digest it. Users need to take care themselves that they send sensible data formats only. Raw printing can @@ -1438,8 +1623,9 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops <title>application/octet-stream Printing</title> <para> - Any MIME type with no rule in the - <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> file is regarded as unknown +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.types</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm> + Any MIME type with no rule in the <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> file is regarded as unknown or <parameter>application/octet-stream</parameter> and will not be sent. Because CUPS refuses to print unknown MIME types by default, you will probably have experienced that print jobs originating @@ -1463,6 +1649,7 @@ text/plain application/postscript 33 texttops </itemizedlist> <para> +<indexterm><primary>raw mode</primary></indexterm> Both contain entries (at the end of the respective files) that must be uncommented to allow raw mode operation for <parameter>application/octet-stream</parameter>. In <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> make sure this line is present: @@ -1495,6 +1682,10 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <title>Background</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>security-aware</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>MIME type</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.types</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>/etc/cups/mime.convs</primary></indexterm> That CUPS is a more security-aware printing system than traditional ones does not by default allow one to send deliberate (possibly binary) data to printing devices. (This could be easily abused to launch a @@ -1515,6 +1706,11 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <para> <indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>non-PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>RIP</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Ghostscript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>device-specific commands</primary></indexterm> Originally PPDs were meant to be used for PostScript printers only. Here, they help to send device-specific commands and settings to the RIP, which processes the job file. CUPS has extended this @@ -1599,6 +1795,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <itemizedlist> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>pstoraster</primary></indexterm> First is the <parameter>pstoraster</parameter> step. It uses the special CUPS <indexterm><primary>ESP</primary><secondary>Ghostscript</secondary></indexterm> device from ESP Ghostscript 7.05.x as its tool. @@ -1653,6 +1850,12 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>cupsomatic</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>pstoraster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rastertosomething</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rasterization</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Foomatic/cupsomatic</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rendering</primary></indexterm> <parameter>cupsomatic</parameter> kidnaps the print file after the <parameter>application/vnd.cups-postscript</parameter> stage and deviates it through the CUPS-external, systemwide Ghostscript installation. Therefore, the print file bypasses the <parameter>pstoraster</parameter> @@ -1673,6 +1876,10 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>HP JetDirect</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>two-up</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>duplex</primary></indexterm> Assume you want to print a PDF file to an HP JetDirect-connected PostScript printer, but you want to print pages 3-5, 7, and 11-13 only, and you want to print them <quote>two-up</quote> and <quote>duplex</quote>: @@ -1707,12 +1914,16 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - illustration</link>. </para> +<indexterm><primary>pdftosocket</primary></indexterm> <figure id="pdftosocket"> <title>PDF to Socket Chain.</title> <imagefile>pdftosocket</imagefile> </figure> <para> +<indexterm><primary>USB</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Epson Stylus</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>stphoto2.ppd</primary></indexterm> Assume you want to print the same filter to an USB-connected Epson Stylus Photo printer installed with the CUPS <filename>stphoto2.ppd</filename>. The first few filtering stages are nearly the same: </para> @@ -1729,12 +1940,16 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para></listitem> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>pdftops</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDF</primary></indexterm> The file must first pass the <parameter>pdftops</parameter> prefilter, which produces PostScript MIME type <parameter>application/postscript</parameter> (a preview here would still show all pages of the original PDF). </para></listitem> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>pstops</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>duplex printing</primary></indexterm> The file then passes the <quote>pstops</quote> filter that applies the command-line options: it selects the pages 2-5, 7, and 11-13, creates the imposed layout <quote>two pages on one sheet,</quote> and inserts the @@ -1750,6 +1965,7 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - </para></listitem> <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>rastertoepson</primary></indexterm> Finally, the <parameter>rastertoepson</parameter> filter does its work (as indicated in the printer's PPD), creating the printer-specific raster data and embedding any user-selected @@ -1831,6 +2047,8 @@ application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - <title>Printing with Interface Scripts</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>PCL</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>lpadmin</primary></indexterm> CUPS also supports the use of <quote>interface scripts</quote> as known from System V AT&T printing systems. These are often used for PCL printers, from applications that generate PCL print jobs. Interface @@ -2176,6 +2394,11 @@ Mode</title> <para> <indexterm><primary>DDK</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>W32X86</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Visual Studio</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Microsoft driver</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe</primary></indexterm> More recent printer drivers on W200x and XP no longer run in kernel mode (unlike Windows NT). However, both operating systems can still use the NT drivers, running in kernel mode (you can roughly tell which is which as the drivers in subdirectory <quote>2</quote> of <quote>W32X86</quote> are <quote>old</quote> ones). As was @@ -2386,6 +2609,7 @@ different platforms. </itemizedlist> <note><para> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe driver files</primary></indexterm> If both the Adobe driver files and the CUPS driver files for the support of Windows NT/200x/XP are present installed on the server, the Adobe files will be ignored and the CUPS files will be used. If you prefer &smbmdash; for whatever reason &smbmdash; to use Adobe-only drivers, move away the three CUPS driver files. @@ -2429,6 +2653,9 @@ files as well as a (licensed) set of Adobe drivers for the Windows 95/98/Me clie <para> <indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cups.hlp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>WIN40</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>W32X86</primary></indexterm> Once you have run the install script (and possibly manually moved the <filename>cups.hlp</filename> file to <filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>), the driver is ready to be put into Samba's <smbconfsection name="[print$]"/> share (which often maps to <filename>/etc/samba/drivers/</filename> and contains a @@ -2438,10 +2665,11 @@ running <command>cupsaddsmb</command> (see also <command>man cupsaddsmb</command </para> <tip><para> -<indexterm><primary>Single Sign On</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Single Sign-On</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Domain Controller</primary></indexterm> You may need to put root into the smbpasswd file by running <command>smbpasswd</command>; this is especially important if you should run this whole procedure for the first time and are not working in an environment -where everything is configured for <emphasis>single sign on</emphasis> to a Windows Domain Controller. +where everything is configured for <emphasis>single sign-on</emphasis> to a Windows Domain Controller. </para></tip> <para> @@ -2463,6 +2691,7 @@ in the <filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename> directory. The new <command <note><para> <indexterm><primary>"Printers" folder</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe PostScript</primary></indexterm> Should your Windows clients have had the old <filename>ADOBE*.*</filename> files for the Adobe PostScript driver installed, the download and installation of the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/200x/XP will fail at first. You need to wipe the old driver from the clients first. It is not enough to @@ -2479,6 +2708,7 @@ privileges to do this. <note><para> <indexterm><primary>rpcclient</primary><secondary>setdriver</secondary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>CUPS PostScript</primary></indexterm> Once you have successfully downloaded the CUPS PostScript driver to a client, you can easily switch all printers to this one by proceeding as described in <link linkend="classicalprinting">Classical Printing Support</link>. Either change a driver for an existing printer by running the <guilabel>Printer @@ -2517,27 +2747,28 @@ are the most important items that weigh in favor of CUPS: </para></listitem> <listitem><para>The Adobe driver has more options to misconfigure the +<indexterm><primary>Adobe driver</primary></indexterm> PostScript generated by it (like setting it inadvertently to <guilabel>Optimize for Speed</guilabel> instead of <guilabel>Optimize for Portability</guilabel>, which could lead to CUPS being unable to process it).</para></listitem> <listitem><para>The CUPS PostScript driver output sent by Windows +<indexterm><primary>CUPS PostScript driver</primary></indexterm> clients to the CUPS server is guaranteed to autotype as the generic MIME type <parameter>application/postscript</parameter>, thus passing through the CUPS <parameter>pstops</parameter> filter and logging the correct number of pages in the <filename>page_log</filename> for accounting and quota purposes.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>The CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of - additional standard (IPP) print options by Windows NT/200x/XP clients. Such - additional print options are naming the CUPS standard - <emphasis>banner pages</emphasis> (or the custom ones, should they be - installed at the time of driver download), using the CUPS - page-label option, setting a - job priority, and setting the scheduled - time of printing (with the option to support additional - useful IPP job attributes in the future).</para></listitem> + <listitem><para> + <indexterm><primary>banner pages</primary></indexterm> + The CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of additional standard (IPP) print options by Windows + NT/200x/XP clients. Such additional print options are naming the CUPS standard <emphasis>banner + pages</emphasis> (or the custom ones, should they be installed at the time of driver download), using the CUPS + page-label option, setting a job priority, and setting the scheduled time of printing (with the option to + support additional useful IPP job attributes in the future). + </para></listitem> <listitem><para>The CUPS PostScript driver supports the inclusion of the new <parameter>*cupsJobTicket</parameter> comments at the @@ -2570,12 +2801,15 @@ name="security">user</smbconfoption>). <para> Here is an example of a successfully run <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command: +<indexterm><primary>banner pages</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> <screen> &rootprompt;<userinput>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</userinput> Password for root required to access localhost via Samba: <userinput>['secret']</userinput> </screen></para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> To share <emphasis>all</emphasis> printers and drivers, use the <option>-a</option> parameter instead of a printer name. Since <command>cupsaddsmb</command> <quote>exports</quote> the printer drivers to Samba, it should be @@ -2766,6 +3000,7 @@ might occur. <para> <indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PDC</primary></indexterm> Can't get the standard <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command to run on a Samba PDC? Are you asked for the password credential again and again, and the command just will not take off at all? Try one of these variations: @@ -2787,6 +3022,7 @@ variations: <para> <indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raw print</primary></indexterm> <link linkend="small14">The cupsaddsmb Flowchart</link> shows a chart about the procedures, command flows, and data flows of the <command>cupaddsmb</command> command. Note again: cupsaddsmb is not intended to, and does not work with, raw print queues! @@ -2802,6 +3038,7 @@ not intended to, and does not work with, raw print queues! <para> <indexterm><primary>point'n'print</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> After <command>cupsaddsmb</command> is completed, your driver is prepared for the clients to use. Here are the steps you must perform to download and install it via Point'n'Print. From a Windows client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server: @@ -2830,6 +3067,8 @@ you want to test it and send your first job from an application like Winword, th <para> <indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe PostScript driver</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>net use lpt1:</primary></indexterm> <command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher and with Samba version 2.2.4, or later. If it does not work, or if the automatic printer driver download to the clients does not succeed, you can still manually install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on @@ -2930,6 +3169,9 @@ First let's check the <parameter>rpcclient</parameter> man page. Here are two re </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>adddriver</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>AddPrinterDriver()</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>getdriverdir</primary></indexterm> <command>adddriver <arch> <config></command> Execute an <command>AddPrinterDriver()</command> RPC to install the printer driver information on the server. The driver files should already exist in the directory returned by <command>getdriverdir</command>. Possible values for <parameter>arch</parameter> are the @@ -2958,12 +3200,16 @@ RPC will fail. </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>setdriver</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>SetPrinter()</primary></indexterm> <command>setdriver <printername> <drivername></command> Execute a <command>SetPrinter()</command> command to update the printer driver associated with an installed printer. The printer driver must already be correctly installed on the print server. </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>enumprinters</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>enumdrivers</primary></indexterm> See also the <command>enumprinters</command> and <command>enumdrivers</command> commands to obtain a list of installed printers and drivers. </para> @@ -3060,12 +3306,13 @@ drivers, we do not need any (nor would we for the Adobe PostScript driver); ther <title>Requirements for adddriver and setdriver to Succeed</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>rpcclient</primary><secondary>adddriver</secondary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsaddsmb</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>setdriver</primary></indexterm> From the man page (and from the quoted output of <command>cupsaddsmb</command> above) it becomes clear that you need to have certain conditions in order to make the manual uploading and initializing of the driver files -succeed. The two <command>rpcclient</command> -<indexterm><primary>rpcclient</primary><secondary>adddriver</secondary></indexterm> subcommands -(<command>adddriver</command> and <command>setdriver</command>) need to encounter the following preconditions -to complete successfully: +succeed. The two <command>rpcclient</command> subcommands (<command>adddriver</command> and +<command>setdriver</command>) need to encounter the following preconditions to complete successfully: </para> <itemizedlist> @@ -3434,6 +3681,7 @@ If it does not work, it could be a permissions problem with the <smbconfsection <step> <title>(Optional) Print a test page.</title> +<indexterm><primary>rundll32</primary></indexterm> <para><screen> &dosprompt;<userinput>rundll32 printui.dll,PrintUIEntry /p /n "\\sambaserver\mysmbtstprn"</userinput> </screen></para> @@ -3467,6 +3715,7 @@ Just put it in a frame and bolt it to the wall with the heading "MY FIRST RPCCLI <title>Troubleshooting Revisited</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>adddriver</primary></indexterm> The setdriver command will fail if in Samba's mind the queue is not already there. A successful installation displys the promising message that the: <screen> @@ -3480,6 +3729,7 @@ result was NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL <para> <indexterm><primary>lpstat</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>rpcclient</primary></indexterm> It is not good enough that you can see the queue in CUPS, using the <command>lpstat -p ir85wm</command> command. A bug in most recent versions of Samba prevents the proper update of the queue list. The recognition of newly installed CUPS printers fails unless you restart Samba or send a HUP to all smbd processes. To verify @@ -3648,6 +3898,8 @@ the tireless work of Till Kamppeter from Mandrakesoft, who is also the principal <note><para> <indexterm><primary>foomatic-rip</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsomatic</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe PPD</primary></indexterm> The former <command>cupsomatic</command> concept is now being replaced by the new successor, a much more powerful <command>foomatic-rip</command>. <command>cupsomatic</command> is no longer maintained. Here is the new URL to the <ulink noescape="1" url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/driver_list.cgi">Foomatic-3.0</ulink> @@ -3687,6 +3939,7 @@ various models, and many models may be driven by different drivers &smbmdash; it <title>690 <quote>Perfect</quote> Printers</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Windows PPD</primary></indexterm> At present, there are 690 devices dubbed as working perfectly: 181 are <emphasis>mostly</emphasis> perfect, 96 are <emphasis>partially</emphasis> perfect, and 46 are paperweights. Keeping in mind that most of these are non-PostScript models (PostScript printers are automatically supported by CUPS to perfection by using their @@ -3807,6 +4060,9 @@ there is improved media type and source support &smbmdash; paper sizes and trays </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>PPDs</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Foomatic tutorial</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>LinuxKongress2002</primary></indexterm> Also, the new generation of Linuxprinting.org PPDs no longer contains Perl data structures. If you are a distro maintainer and have used the previous version of Foomatic, you may want to give the new one a spin, but remember to generate a new-version set of PPDs via the new <ulink @@ -3817,6 +4073,9 @@ the steps</ulink> outlined in the Foomatic tutorial or in this chapter. This new </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>foomatic-rip</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>printer drivers</primary></indexterm> foomatic-rip is a very clever wrapper around the need to run Ghostscript with a different syntax, options, device selections, and/or filters for each different printer or spooler. At the same time, it can read the PPD associated with a print queue and modify the print job according to the user selections. Together with this @@ -3831,6 +4090,7 @@ support for this from Windows-based vendor printer drivers). <title>Driver Development Outside</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Linuxprinting.org</primary></indexterm> Most driver development itself does not happen within Linuxprinting.org. Drivers are written by independent maintainers. Linuxprinting.org just pools all the information and stores it in its database. In addition, it also provides the Foomatic glue to integrate the many drivers into any modern (or legacy) printing system @@ -3842,21 +4102,25 @@ Speaking of the different driver development groups, most of the work is current </para> <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para><ulink - url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">Omni</ulink> + <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>Omni</primary></indexterm> + <ulink url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">Omni</ulink> &smbmdash; a free software project by IBM that tries to convert its printer driver knowledge from good-ol' OS/2 times into a modern, modular, universal driver architecture for Linux/UNIX (still beta). This currently supports 437 models.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sf.net/">HPIJS</ulink> &smbmdash; + <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>HPIJS</primary></indexterm> + <ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sf.net/">HPIJS</ulink> &smbmdash; a free software project by HP to provide the support for its own range of models (very mature, printing in most cases is perfect and provides true photo quality). This currently supports 369 models.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink - url="http://gimp-print.sf.net/">Gimp-Print</ulink> &smbmdash; a free software + <listitem><para> +<indexterm><primary>Gimp-Print</primary></indexterm> + <ulink url="http://gimp-print.sf.net/">Gimp-Print</ulink> &smbmdash; a free software effort, started by Michael Sweet (also lead developer for CUPS), now directed by Robert Krawitz, which has achieved an amazing level of photo print quality (many Epson users swear that its quality is @@ -3879,6 +4143,9 @@ forum</ulink> has turned out to be one of the most frequented forums after only </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Mandriva</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Mandrake</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Conectiva</primary></indexterm> Linuxprinting.org and the Foomatic driver wrappers around Ghostscript are now a standard tool-chain for printing on all the important distros. Most of them also have CUPS underneath. While in recent years most printer data had been added by Kamppeter, many additional contributions came from engineers with SuSE, Red @@ -3896,6 +4163,15 @@ Foomatic. So if you use it often, please send him a note showing your appreciati <title>Foomatic Database-Generated PPDs</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Foomatic database</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>XML-based datasets</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>kprinter</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>gtklp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>xpp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>HP Photosmart</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Epson Stylus inkjet</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>non-PostScript printers</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raster</primary></indexterm> The Foomatic database is an amazing piece of ingenuity in itself. Not only does it keep the printer and driver information, but it is organized in a way that it can generate PPD files on the fly from its internal XML-based datasets. While these PPDs are modeled to the Adobe specification of PPDs, the @@ -4141,6 +4417,11 @@ printer models. Linuxprinting.org has a driver <ulink url="http://www.linuxprin <title>Adobe and CUPS PostScript Drivers for Windows Clients</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>Adobe PostScript</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>pstops</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>pstoraster</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PJL-header</primary></indexterm> Before CUPS 1.1.16, your only option was to use the Adobe PostScript driver on the Windows clients. The output of this driver was not always passed through the <command>pstops</command> filter on the CUPS/Samba side, and therefore was not counted correctly (the reason is that it often, depending on the PPD being used, wrote a @@ -4149,7 +4430,7 @@ directly to the <command>pstoraster</command> stage). </para> <para> -From CUPS 1.1.16 onward, you can use the CUPS PostScript driver for Windows <?latex \linebreak ?>NT/200x/XP +From CUPS 1.1.16 onward, you can use the CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/200x/XP clients (which is tagged in the download area of <filename>http://www.cups.org/</filename> as the <filename>cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz</filename> package). It does <emphasis>not</emphasis> work for Windows 9x/Me clients, but it guarantees: @@ -4388,6 +4669,9 @@ requested by marketing for the mailing, and so on). <title>Autodeletion or Preservation of CUPS Spool Files</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>/var/spool/samba</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>/var/spool/cups/</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>cupsd.conf</primary></indexterm> Samba print files pass through two spool directories. One is the incoming directory managed by Samba (set in the <smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption> directive in the <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/> section of &smb.conf;). The other is the spool directory of your UNIX print subsystem. For @@ -4421,7 +4705,7 @@ Some important parameter settings in the CUPS configuration file default. </para></listitem></varlistentry> - <varlistentry><term><emphasis><quote>MaxJobs 500</quote></emphasis></term> + <varlistentry><term><quote>MaxJobs 500</quote></term> <listitem><para> This directive controls the maximum number of jobs that are kept in memory. Once the number of jobs reaches the limit, @@ -4484,6 +4768,8 @@ may do what you need. <title>Printing from CUPS to Windows-Attached Printers</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>smbspool</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>backends</primary></indexterm> From time to time the question arises, how can you print <emphasis>to</emphasis> a Windows-attached printer <emphasis>from</emphasis> Samba? Normally the local connection from Windows host to printer would be done by USB or parallel cable, but this does not matter to Samba. From here only an SMB connection needs to be opened @@ -4522,6 +4808,8 @@ If this symlink does not exist, create it: </screen></para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>smbspool</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>troubleshooting</primary></indexterm> <command>smbspool</command> was written by Mike Sweet from the CUPS folks. It is included and ships with Samba. It may also be used with print subsystems other than CUPS, to spool jobs to Windows printer shares. To set up printer <replaceable>winprinter</replaceable> on CUPS, you need to have a driver for it. Essentially @@ -4542,6 +4830,9 @@ To install a printer with the <parameter>smb</parameter> backend on CUPS, use th </screen></para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>PostScript printers</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>PPD</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Windows NT PostScript driver</primary></indexterm> The PPD must be able to direct CUPS to generate the print data for the target model. For PostScript printers, just use the PPD that would be used with the Windows NT PostScript driver. But what can you do if the printer is only accessible with a password? Or if the printer's host is part of another workgroup? This is provided @@ -4679,6 +4970,7 @@ the <guilabel>Network Neighborhood</guilabel>), right-click on the printer in qu <title>Avoid Being Connected to the Samba Server as the Wrong User</title> <para> +<indexterm><primary>smbstatus</primary></indexterm> You see per <command>smbstatus</command> that you are connected as user nobody, but you want to be root or printer admin. This is probably due to <smbconfoption name="map to guest">bad user</smbconfoption>, which silently connected you under the guest account when you gave (maybe by accident) an incorrect username. Remove @@ -4724,6 +5016,8 @@ other printer uses the same driver.</para> <sect2> <title>Windows 200x/XP Local Security Policies</title> +<indexterm><primary>Local security policies</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>unsigned drivers</primary></indexterm> <para>Local security policies may not allow the installation of unsigned drivers &smbmdash; <quote>local security policies</quote> may not allow the installation of printer drivers at all.</para> @@ -4732,7 +5026,10 @@ security policies</quote> may not allow the installation of printer drivers at a <sect2> <title>Administrator Cannot Install Printers for All Local Users</title> -<para>Windows XP handles SMB printers on a <quote>per-user</quote> basis. +<para> +<indexterm><primary>SMB printers</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>IPP client</primary></indexterm> +Windows XP handles SMB printers on a <quote>per-user</quote> basis. This means every user needs to install the printer himself or herself. To have a printer available for everybody, you might want to use the built-in IPP client capabilities of Win XP. Add a printer with the print path of <parameter>http://cupsserver:631/printers/printername</parameter>. We're still looking into this one. @@ -4886,6 +5183,9 @@ spits out completely different ones from what was sent. </para> <para> +<indexterm><primary>lp</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>Implicit Classes</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>BrowseShortNames</primary></indexterm> It is a bad idea to name any printer <quote>lp</quote>. This is the traditional UNIX name for the default printer. CUPS may be set up to do an automatic creation of Implicit Classes. This means, to group all printers with the same name to a pool of devices and load-balance the jobs across them in a round-robin fashion. |