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+<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
+
+<book id="sambafaq">
+
+<bookinfo>
+	<author><surname>Samba Team</surname></author>
+	<pubdate>October 2002</pubdate>
+</bookinfo>
+
+<title>Samba FAQ
+
+<abstract>
+This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document for
+Samba, the free and very popular SMB server product. An SMB server
+allows file and printer connections from clients such as Windows,
+OS/2, Linux and others. Current to version 3.0. Please send any
+corrections to the samba documentation mailinglist at
+<ulink url="mailto:samba-doc@samba.org">samba-doc@samba.org</ulink>. 
+This FAQ is based on the old Samba FAQ by Dan Shearer and Paul Blackman.
+</abstract>
+
+<chapter>
+<title>General Information</title>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Where can I get it?</title> <p> <label id="where">
+<para>
+The Samba suite is available at the <ulink url="http://samba.org/">samba website</ulink>.
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>What do the version numbers mean?</title>
+<para>
+It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word
+"alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing
+to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest
+recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by
+all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development -
+but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically
+very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many
+public releases.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+How the scheme works:
+<simplelist>
+<member>When major changes are made the version number is increased. For
+example, the transition from 1.9.15 to 1.9.16. However, this version
+number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use
+1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.)</member>
+
+<member>Just after major changes are made the software is considered
+unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example
+1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are
+doing.  The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who
+are just looking for the latest version to install.</member>
+
+<member>When Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point
+where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the
+same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.16.</member>
+
+<member>Inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch
+levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example 1.9.16p2.</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+So the progression goes:
+
+<verb>
+1.9.15p7	(production)
+1.9.15p8	(production)
+1.9.16alpha1	(test sites only)
+:
+1.9.16alpha20	(test sites only)
+1.9.16		(production)
+1.9.16p1	(production)
+</verb>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp
+site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an
+alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended
+version.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>What platforms are supported?</title>
+Many different platforms have run Samba successfully. The platforms
+most widely used and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS.</para>
+
+<para>
+At time of writing, there is support (or has been support for in earlier 
+versions):
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+<member>A/UX 3.0</member>
+<member>AIX</member>
+<member>Altos Series 386/1000</member>
+<member>Amiga</member>
+<member>Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3</member>
+<member>BSDI </member>
+<member>B.O.S. (Bull Operating System)</member>
+<member>Cray, Unicos 8.0</member>
+<member>Convex</member>
+<member>DGUX. </member>
+<member>DNIX.</member>
+<member>FreeBSD</member>
+<member>HP-UX</member>
+<member>Intergraph. </member>
+<member>Linux with/without shadow passwords and quota</member>
+<member>LYNX 2.3.0</member>
+<member>MachTen (a unix like system for Macintoshes)</member>
+<member>Motorola 88xxx/9xx range of machines</member>
+<member>NetBSD</member>
+<member>NEXTSTEP Release 2.X, 3.0 and greater (including OPENSTEP for Mach).</member>
+<member>OS/2 using EMX 0.9b</member>
+<member>OSF1</member>
+<member>QNX 4.22</member>
+<member>RiscIX. </member>
+<member>RISCOs 5.0B</member>
+<member>SEQUENT. </member>
+<member>SCO (including: 3.2v2, European dist., OpenServer 5)</member>
+<member>SGI.</member>
+<member>SMP_DC.OSx v1.1-94c079 on Pyramid S series</member>
+<member>SONY NEWS, NEWS-OS (4.2.x and 6.1.x)</member>
+<member>SUNOS 4</member>
+<member>SUNOS 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 (Solaris 2.2, 2.3, and '2.4 and later')</member>
+<member>Sunsoft ISC SVR3V4</member>
+<member>SVR4</member>
+<member>System V with some berkely extensions (Motorola 88k R32V3.2).</member>
+<member>ULTRIX.</member>
+<member>UNIXWARE</member>
+<member>UXP/DS</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>How do I subscribe to the Samba Mailing Lists?</title>
+Look at <ulink url="http://samba.org/samba/archives.html">the samba mailing list page</ulink>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Pizza supply details</title>
+<para>
+Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will
+already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask
+for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him
+pizza. This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is
+twenty thousand kilometres away, but it has been done.
+<?para>
+
+<para>
+Method 1: Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain
+and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do,
+which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza
+one night, courtesy of someone in the US.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Method 2: Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit
+card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be
+collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany
+did this.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Method 3: Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has
+no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely
+useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has
+from Germany :-)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Method 4: Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional
+flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by
+hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<chapter>
+<title>Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host</title>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists!</title>
+<para>
+See Browsing.html in the docs directory of the samba source
+for more information on browsing.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable
+servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under
+Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M:
+thusly:
+<programlisting>
+   net use M: \\mary\fred
+</programlisting>
+The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from
+client to client - check your client's documentation.
+</para>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I view the files from my client!
+<para>See the next question.</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when I view the files from my client!</title>
+<para>
+If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they
+are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not
+DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files
+completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you
+are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been
+configured to ignore them.  Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for
+details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is
+"mangled names = yes".
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar</title>
+<para>
+This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server
+name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the
+name you specified cannot be resolved.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you
+should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting
+to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it
+is, the problem is most likely name resolution.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the
+hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Lan Manager
+or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file
+LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between
+your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then
+there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution
+is beyond the scope of this document.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name
+resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a
+netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program),
+the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section
+Two of this FAQ for more ideas.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further
+tests :-)
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or similar</title>
+<para>
+This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified
+server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of
+the name you gave.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are
+trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it
+exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's docs on how
+to specify a service name correctly), read on:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+<member>Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than eight characters.</member>
+<member>Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing spaces.</member>
+<member>Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service names.</member>
+<member>Some clients force service names into upper case.</member>
+</simplelist>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Printing doesn't work</title>
+<para>
+Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are
+connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg.,
+use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr").
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is
+writable by the user connected to the service. In particular the user
+"nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked with an
+earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other than
+"nobody".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use
+the printer.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and
+see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with
+a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client
+attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1
+protocol.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not
+Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to
+coreplus.  Also not that print status error messages don't mean
+printing won't work. The print status is received by a different
+mechanism.
+</para>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>My client reports "This server is not configured to list shared resources"</title>
+<para>
+Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the
+guest account for browsing in smbd.  Check that your guest account is
+valid.
+</para>
+
+<para>See also 'guest account' in smb.conf man page.</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" </title>
+<para>
+This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid
+or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security
+hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no
+user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many
+broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535.
+</para>
+
+<para>It might also mean that your OS has a trapdoor uid/gid system :-)</para>
+
+<para>
+This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to
+another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on
+being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back
+again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid
+system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less
+things will break if you use user or server level security instead of
+the default share level security, but you may still strike
+problems.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic,
+but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable.
+In particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as
+two different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a
+"guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect
+your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as
+the guest user.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Complain to your OS vendor and ask them to fix their system.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that
+it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with
+no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run
+as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good!
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Why are my file's timestamps off by an hour, or by a few hours?</title>
+<para>
+This is from Paul Eggert eggert@twinsun.com.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Most likely it's a problem with your time zone settings.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Internally, Samba maintains time in traditional Unix format,
+namely, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Universal Time
+(or ``GMT''), not counting leap seconds.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+On the server side, Samba uses the Unix TZ variable to convert
+internal timestamps to and from local time.  So on the server side, there are
+two things to get right.
+<simplelist>
+<member>The Unix system clock must have the correct Universal time. Use the shell command "sh -c 'TZ=UTC0 date'" to check this.</member>
+<member>The TZ environment variable must be set on the server before Samba is invoked.  The details of this depend on the server OS, but typically you must edit a file whose name is /etc/TIMEZONE or /etc/default/init, or run the command `zic -l'.</member>
+</simplelist>
+</para>
+
+<para>TZ must have the correct value.</para>
+
+<para>
+If possible, use geographical time zone settings
+(e.g. TZ='America/Los_Angeles' or perhaps
+ TZ=':US/Pacific').  These are supported by most
+popular Unix OSes, are easier to get right, and are
+more accurate for historical timestamps.  If your
+operating system has out-of-date tables, you should be
+able to update them from the public domain time zone
+tables at <ulink url="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/</ulink>.
+</para>
+
+<para>If your system does not support geographical timezone
+settings, you must use a Posix-style TZ strings, e.g.
+TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2' for US Pacific time.
+Posix TZ strings can take the following form (with optional
+											  items in brackets):
+<programlisting>
+	StdOffset[Dst[Offset],Date/Time,Date/Time]
+</programlisting>
+                where:
+</para>
+
+<para><simplelist>
+<member>`Std' is the standard time designation (e.g. `PST').</member>
+<member>`Offset' is the number of hours behind UTC (e.g. `8').
+Prepend a `-' if you are ahead of UTC, and
+append `:30' if you are at a half-hour offset.
+Omit all the remaining items if you do not use
+daylight-saving time.</member>
+
+<member>`Dst' is the daylight-saving time designation
+(e.g. `PDT').</member>
+
+<member>The optional second `Offset' is the number of
+hours that daylight-saving time is behind UTC.
+The default is 1 hour ahead of standard time.
+</member>
+
+<member>`Date/Time,Date/Time' specify when daylight-saving
+time starts and ends.  The format for a date is
+`Mm.n.d', which specifies the dth day (0 is Sunday)
+of the nth week of the mth month, where week 5 means
+the last such day in the month.  The format for a
+time is [h]h[:mm[:ss]], using a 24-hour clock.
+</member>
+
+</simplelist>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Other Posix string formats are allowed but you don't want
+to know about them.</para>
+
+<para>
+On the client side, you must make sure that your client's clock and
+time zone is also set appropriately.  [[I don't know how to do this.]]
+Samba traditionally has had many problems dealing with time zones, due
+to the bizarre ways that Microsoft network protocols handle time
+zones.  
+</para>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>How do I set the printer driver name correctly?</title>
+<para>Question:<para>
+<quote> On NT, I opened "Printer Manager" and "Connect to Printer".
+ Enter ["\\ptdi270\ps1"] in the box of printer. I got the
+ following error message
+ <programlisting>
+     You do not have sufficient access to your machine
+     to connect to the selected printer, since a driver
+     needs to be installed locally.
+ </programlisting>
+ </quote>
+
+ <para>Answer:</para>
+
+ <para>In the more recent versions of Samba you can now set the "printer
+driver" in smb.conf. This tells the client what driver to use. For
+example:</para>
+<para><programlisting>
+     printer driver = HP LaserJet 4L
+</programlisting></para>
+<para>With this, NT knows to use the right driver. You have to get this string
+exactly right.</para>
+
+<para>To find the exact string to use, you need to get to the dialog box in
+your client where you select which printer driver to install. The
+correct strings for all the different printers are shown in a listbox
+in that dialog box.</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<chapter>
+<title>Specific client application problems</title>
+
+<para>MS Office Setup reports "Cannot change properties of '\MSOFFICE\SETUP.INI'"</title>
+<para>
+When installing MS Office on a Samba drive for which you have admin
+user permissions, ie. admin users = username, you will find the
+setup program unable to complete the installation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+To get around this problem, do the installation without admin user
+permissions The problem is that MS Office Setup checks that a file is
+rdonly by trying to open it for writing.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Admin users can always open a file for writing, as they run as root.
+You just have to install as a non-admin user and then use "chown -R"
+to fix the owner.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+</chapter>
+</book>