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authorGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-02-23 02:37:25 +0000
committerGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-02-23 02:37:25 +0000
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+
+Namesmbpasswd - The Samba encrypted password file
+Synopsis
+smbpasswd is the
+Samba encrypted password file.
+Description
+This file is part of the Samba
+suite.
+smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file. It contains the username,
+Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the user, as well as account
+flag information and the time the password was last changed. This file format
+has been evolving with Samba and has had several different formats in the
+past.
+File Format
+The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2.0 is very
+similar to the familiar Unix passwd (5) file. It is an ASCII file containing
+one line for each user. Each field within each line is separated from the
+next by a colon. Any entry beginning with # is ignored. The smbpasswd file
+contains the following information for each user:
+name
+
+This is the user name. It must be a name that already exists in the standard
+UNIX passwd file. uid
+
+This is the UNIX uid. It must match the uid field for the same user entry
+in the standard UNIX passwd file. If this does not match then Samba will
+refuse to recognize this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user.
+Lanman Password Hash
+
+This is the LANMAN hash of the users password, encoded as 32 hex digits.
+The LANMAN hash is created by DES encrypting a well known string with the
+users password as the DES key. This is the same password used by Windows
+95/98 machines. Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is
+vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the same password
+this entry will be identical (i.e. the password is not "salted" as the UNIX
+password is). If the user has a null password this field will contain the
+characters CW"NO PASSWORD" as the start of the hex string. If the hex string
+is equal to 32 CW'X' characters then the users account is marked as disabled
+and the user will not be able to log onto the Samba server. WARNING !!. Note
+that, due to the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication
+protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to
+impersonate the user on the network. For this reason these hashes are known
+as "plain text equivalent" and must NOT be made available to anyone but
+the root user. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in
+a directory with read and traverse access only to the root user and the
+smbpasswd file itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no
+other access. NT Password Hash
+
+This is the Windows NT hash of the users password, encoded as 32 hex digits.
+The Windows NT hash is created by taking the users password as represented
+in 16-bit, little-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4 (internet rfc1321)
+hashing algorithm to it. This password hash is considered more secure than
+the Lanman Password Hash as it preserves the case of the password and uses
+a much higher quality hashing algorithm. However, it is still the case that
+if two users choose the same password this entry will be identical (i.e.
+the password is not "salted" as the UNIX password is). WARNING !!. Note that,
+due to the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication protocol,
+anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will be able to impersonate
+the user on the network. For this reason these hashes are known as "plain
+text equivalent" and must NOT be made available to anyone but the root
+user. To protect these passwords the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory
+with read and traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file
+itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no other access.
+Account Flags
+
+This section contains flags that describe the attributes of the users account.
+In the Samba2.0 release this field is bracketed by CW'[' and CW']' characters
+and is always 13 characters in length (including the CW'[' and CW']' characters).
+The contents of this field may be any of the characters. o'U' This means this
+is a "User" account, i.e. an ordinary user. Only User and Workstation Trust
+accounts are currently supported in the smbpasswd file. o'N' This means the
+account has no password (the passwords in the fields Lanman Password Hash
+and NT Password Hash are ignored). Note that this will only allow users
+to log on with no password if the null passwords parameter is set in the
+smb.conf (5) config file. o'D' This means the account is disabled and no SMB/CIFS
+logins will be allowed for this user. o'W' This means this account is a "Workstation
+Trust" account. This kind of account is used in the Samba PDC code stream
+to allow Windows NT Workstations and Servers to join a Domain hosted by
+a Samba PDC. Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future.
+The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces. Last Change Time
+
+This field consists of the time the account was last modified. It consists
+of the characters CWLCT- (standing for "Last Change Time") followed by a
+numeric encoding of the UNIX time in seconds since the epoch (1970) that
+the last change was made. Following fields
+
+All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time.
+Notes
+In previous
+versions of Samba (notably the 1.9.18 series) this file did not contain the
+Account Flags or Last Change Time fields. The Samba 2.0 code will read and
+write these older password files but will not be able to modify the old
+entries to add the new fields. New entries added with smbpasswd (8) will
+contain the new fields in the added accounts however. Thus an older smbpasswd
+file used with Samba 2.0 may end up with some accounts containing the new
+fields and some not.
+In order to convert from an old-style smbpasswd file
+to a new style, run the script convert_smbpasswd, installed in the Samba
+CWbin/ directory (the same place that the smbd and nmbd binaries are installed)
+as follows:
+
+
+
+
+
+ cat old_smbpasswd_file | convert_smbpasswd > new_smbpasswd_file
+
+
+
+
+
+The convert_smbpasswd script reads from stdin and writes to stdout so
+as not to overwrite any files by accident.
+Once this script has been run,
+check the contents of the new smbpasswd file to ensure that it has not
+been damaged by the conversion script (which uses awk), and then replace
+the CW<old smbpasswd file> with the CW<new smbpasswd file>.
+Version
+This man
+page is correct for version 2.0 of the Samba suite.
+See Also
+smbpasswd (8),
+samba (7), and the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm.
+Author
+The
+original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell
+samba@samba.org. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source
+project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed.
+The original Samba
+man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page sources were converted
+to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, available
+at ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba2.0 release by
+Jeremy Allison, samba@samba.org.
+See samba (7) to find out how to get a full
+list of contributors and details on how to submit bug reports, comments
+etc. \ No newline at end of file