- Patch from John to update PDC-HOWTO, add ServerType and CUPS (not finished yet)

- Regenerate docs
- Update docs-status
(This used to be commit adbb714ade8ab6f4e9b5d80f0f85041746c0edf1)

1 files changed, 1184 insertions, 0 deletions

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+<chapter id="CUPS-printing">
+
+
+<chapterinfo>
+	<author>
+		<firstname>John H</firstname><surname>Terpstra</surname>
+		<affiliation>
+			<orgname>Samba Team</orgname>
+			<address>
+				<email>jht@samba.org</email>
+			</address>
+		</affiliation>
+	</author>
+	<author>
+		<firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname>
+		<affiliation>
+			<address><email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email></address>
+		</affiliation>
+	</author>
+	<pubdate> (25 March 2003) </pubdate>
+</chapterinfo>
+
+<title>CUPS Printing Support</title>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+	
+<para>
+The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) has become very popular, but to many it is
+a very mystical tool. There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding CUPS and how
+it works. The result is seen in a large number of posting on the samba mailing lists
+expressing frustration when MS Windows printers appear not to work with a CUPS
+backr-end.
+/para>
+
+<para>
+This is a good time to point out how CUPS can be used and what it does. CUPS is more
+than just a print spooling system - it is a complete printer management system that
+complies with HTTP and IPP protocols. It can be managed remotely via a web browser
+and it can print using http and ipp protocols.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS allows to creation of RAW printers (ie: NO file format translation) as well as
+SMART printers (ie: CUPS does file format conversion as required for the printer). In
+many ways this gives CUPS similar capabilities to the MS Windows print monitoring
+system. Of course, if you are a CUPS advocate, you would agrue that CUPS is better!
+In any case, let us now move on to explore how one may configure CUPS for interfacing
+with MS Windows print clients via Samba.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS - RAW Print Through  Mode</title>
+
+<para>
+When CUPS printers are configured for RAW print-through mode operation it is the
+responsibility of the Samba client to fully render the print job (file) in a format
+that is suitable for direct delivery to the printer. In this case CUPS will NOT
+do any print file format conversion work.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The CUPS files that need to be correctly set for RAW mode printers to work are:
+
+<itemlist>
+	<listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename><para></listitem)
+
+	<listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename><para></listitem>
+</itemlist>
+
+Both contain entries that must be uncommented to allow <empasis>RAW</emphasis> mode
+operation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Firstly, to enable CUPS based printing from Samba the following options must be
+enabled in your smb.conf file [globals] section:
+
+<itemlist>
+	<listitem><para>printing = CUPS</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>printcap = CUPS</para></listitem>
+</itemlist>
+
+When these parameters are specified the print directives in smb.conf (as well as in
+samba itself) will be ignored because samba will directly interface with CUPS through
+it's application program interface (API) - so long as Samba has been compiled with
+CUPS library (libcups) support. If samba has NOT been compiled with CUPS support then
+printing will use the System V AT&T command set with the <emphasis>-oraw</emphasis> 
+option automatically passing through.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Cupsomatic (an enhanced printing utility that is part of some CUPS implementations) 
+on the Samba/CUPS server does *not* add any features if a file is really
+printed "raw".  However, if you have loaded the driver for the Windows client from
+the CUPS server, using the "cupsaddsmb" utility, and if this driver is one using
+a "Foomatic" PPD, the PJL header in question is already added on the Windows client,
+at the time when the driver initially generated the PostScript data and CUPS in true
+"-oraw" manner doesn't remove this PJL header and passes the file "as is" to its
+printer communication backend.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<note>NOTE: editing in the "mime.convs" and the "mime.types" file does not *enforce*
+"raw" printing, it only *allows* it.</note>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Print files that arrive from MS Windows printing are "auto-typed" by CUPS. This aids
+the process of determining proper treatment while in the print queue system.
+
+<itemlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Files generated by PCL drivers and directed at PCK printers get auto-typed as
+	<filename>application/octet-stream</filename>. Unknown file format types also
+	get auto-typed with this tag.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Files generated by a Postscript driver and directed at a Postscript printer
+	are auto-typed depending on the auto-detected most suitable MIME type as:
+
+	<itemlist>
+		<listitem><para>* application/postscript</para></listitem>
+		<listitem><para>* application/vnd.cups-postscript</para></listitem>
+	</itemlist>
+	</para>
+</itemlist>
+</para>
+
+
+<para>
+"application/postscript" first goes thru the "pstops" filter (where the page counting
+and accounting takes place). The outcome will be of MIME type
+"application/vnd.cups-postscript". The pstopsfilter reads and uses information from
+the PPD and inserts user-provided options into the PostScript file. As a consequence,
+the filtered file could possibly have an unwanted PJL header.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"application/postscript" will be all files with a ".ps", ".ai", ".eps" suffix or which
+have as their first character string one of "%!" or "<04>%".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"application/vnd.cups-postscript" will files which contain the string
+"LANGUAGE=POSTSCRIPT" (or similar variations with different capitalization) in the
+first 512 bytes, and also contain the "PJL super escape code" in the first 128 bytes
+("<1B>%-12345X"). Very likely, most PostScript files generated on Windows using a CUPS
+or other PPD, will have to be auto-typed as "vnd.cups-postscript".  A file produced
+with a "Generic PostScript driver" will just be tagged "application/postscript".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Once the file is in "application/vnd.cups-postscript" format, either "pstoraster"
+or "cupsomatic" will take over (depending on the printer configuration, as
+determined by the PPD in use).
+</para>
+
+<para><note>
+A printer queue with *no* PPD associated to it is a "raw" printer and all files
+will go directly there as received by the spooler. The exeptions are file types
+"application/octet-stream" which need "passthrough feature" enabled.
+"Raw" queues don't do any filtering at all, they hand the file directly to the
+CUPS backend. This backend is responsible for the sending of the data to the device
+(as in the "device URI" notation as lpd://, socket://, smb://, ipp://, http://,
+parallel:/, serial:/, usb:/ etc.)
+</note></para>
+
+<para><note>
+"cupsomatic"/Foomatic are *not* native CUPS drivers and they don't ship with CUPS.
+They are a Third Party add-on, developed at Linuxprinting.org.  As such, they are
+a brilliant hack to make all models (driven by Ghostscript drivers/filters in
+traditional spoolers) also work via CUPS, with the same (good or bad!) quality
+as in these other spoolers. "cupsomatic" is only a vehicle to execute a ghostscript
+commandline at that stage in the CUPS filtering chain, where "normally" the native
+CUPS "pstoraster" filter would kick in.  cupsomatic by-passes pstoraster, "kidnaps"
+the printfile from CUPS away and re-directs it to go through Ghostscipt. CUPS accepts this,
+because the associated CUPS-O-Matic-/Foomatic-PPD specifies:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   *cupsFilter:  "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 cupsomatic"
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This line persuades CUPS to hand the file to cupsomatic, once it has successfully
+converted it to the MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". This conversion will not
+happen for Jobs arriving from Windows which are auto-typed "application/octet-stream",
+with the according changes in "/etc/cups/mime.types" in place.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS is widely configurable and flexible, even regarding its filtering mechanism.
+Another workaround in some situations would be to have
+in "/etc/cups/mime.types" entries as follows:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   application/postscript           application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+   application/vnd.cups-postscript  application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This would prevent all Postscript files from being filtered (rather, they will go
+thru the virtual "nullfilter" denoted with "-"). This could only be useful for
+PS printers. If you want to print PS code on non-PS printers an entry as follows
+could be useful:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   */*           application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+and would effectively send *all* files to the backend without further processing.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Lastly, you could have the following entry:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   application/vnd.cups-postscript  application/vnd.cups-raw  0  my_PJL_stripping_filter
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+You will need to write a "my_PJL_stripping_filter" (could be a shellscript) that
+parses the PostScript and removes the unwanted PJL. This would need to conform to
+CUPS filter design (mainly, receive and pass the parameters printername, job-id,
+username, jobtitle, copies, print options and possibly the filename). It would
+be installed as world executable into "/usr/lib/cups/filters/" and will be called
+by CUPS if it encounters a MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS can handle "-o job-hold-until=indefinite". This keeps the job in the queue
+"on hold". It will only be printed upon manual release by the printer operator.
+This is a requirement in many "central reproduction departments", where a few
+operators manage the jobs of hundreds of users on some big machine, where no
+user is allowed to have direct access. (The operators often need to load the
+proper paper type before running the 10.000 page job requested by marketing
+for the mailing, etc.).
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>The CUPS Filter Chains</title>
+
+<para>
+The following diagrams reveal how CUPS handles print jobs.
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# CUPS in and of itself has this (general) filter chain (CAPITAL
+# letters are FILE-FORMATS or MIME types, other are filters (this is
+# true for pre-1.1.15 of pre-4.3 versions of CUPS and ESP PrintPro):
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstoraster   # as shipped with CUPS, independent from any Ghostscipt
+#      |           # installation on the system
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<something>  (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here)
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# ESP PrintPro has some enhanced "rasterto<something>" filters as compared to
+# CUPS, and also a somewhat improved "pstoraster" filter.
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# This is how "cupsomatic" comes into play:
+# =========================================
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          V
+#      V                                         cupsomatic
+#    pstoraster                                  (constructs complicated
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")            Ghostscript commandline
+#      |                                         to let the file be
+#      V                                         processed by a
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER                    "-sDEVICE=<s.th.>"
+#      |                                         call...)
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    rasterto<something>                          V
+#      |    (= "raster driver")     +-------------------------+
+#      |                            | Ghostscript at work.... |
+#      V                            |                         |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC         *-------------------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    backend <------------------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    THE PRINTER
+#
+#
+# Note, that cupsomatic "kidnaps" the printfile after the
+# "APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRPT" stage and deviates it through
+# the CUPS-external, systemwide Ghostscript installation, bypassing the
+# "pstoraster" filter (therefor also bypassing the CUPS-raster-drivers
+# "rasterto<something>", and hands the rasterized file directly to the CUPS
+# backend...
+#
+# cupsomatic is not made by the CUPS developers. It is an independent
+# contribution to printing development, made by people from
+# Linuxprinting.org. (see also http://www.cups.org/cups-help.html)
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for ESP PrintPro from 4.3:
+# ===================================================
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     gsrip
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<something>  (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here)
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# This is how "cupsomatic" would come into play with ESP PrintPro:
+# ================================================================
+#
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          V
+#      V                                         cupsomatic
+#    gsrip                                       (constructs complicated
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")            Ghostscript commandline
+#      |                                         to let the file be
+#      V                                         processed by a
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER                    "-sDEVICE=<s.th.>"
+#      |                                         call...)
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    rasterto<something>                          V
+#      |   (= "raster driver")      +-------------------------+
+#      |                            | Ghostscript at work.... |
+#      V                            |                         |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC         *-------------------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    backend <------------------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    THE PRINTER
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15:
+# ==============================================
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+
+#                                     |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                  | Ghostscript                                     |
+#                  | at work...                                      |
+#                  | (with                                           |
+#                  | "-sDEVICE=cups")                                |
+#                  |                                                 |
+#                  |         (= "postscipt interpreter")             |
+#                  |                                                 |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                                     |
+#                                     |
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER <-------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<something>
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# NOTE: since version 1.1.15 CUPS "outsourced" the pstoraster process to
+#       Ghostscript. GNU Ghostscript needs to be patched to handle the
+#       CUPS requirement; ESP Ghostscript has this builtin. In any case,
+#       "gs -h" needs to show up a "cups" device. pstoraster is now a
+#       calling an appropriate "gs -sDEVICE=cups..." commandline to do
+#       the job. It will output "application/vnd.cup-raster", which will
+#       be finally processed by a CUPS raster driver "rasterto<something>"
+#       Note the difference to "cupsomatic", which will *not* output
+#       CUPS-raster, but a final version of the printfile, ready to be
+#       sent to the printer. cupsomatic also doesn't use the "cups"
+#       devicemode in Ghostscript, but one of the classical devicemodes....
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15, with cupsomatic included:
+# ========================================================================
+#
+# <SOMETHNG>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <something>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+
+#                                     |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                  | Ghostscript        . Ghostscript at work....    |
+#                  | at work...         . (with "-sDEVICE=           |
+#                  | (with              .            <s.th.>"        |
+#                  | "-sDEVICE=cups")   .                            |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  | (CUPS standard)    .      (cupsomatic)          |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  |          (= "postscript interpreter")           |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  +------------------v--------------v---------------+
+#                                     |              |
+#                                     |              |
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER <-------+              |
+#      |                                             |
+#      |                                             |
+#      V                                             |
+#     rasterto<something>                            |
+#      |   (= "raster driver")                       |
+#      |                                             |
+#      V                                             |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC <------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<something> is noted.
+#
+##########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS Print Drivers and Devices</title>
+
+<para>
+CUPS ships with good support for HP LaserJet type printers. You can install
+the driver as follows:
+
+<itemlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E -m laserjet.ppd
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemlist>
+
+(The "-m" switch will retrieve the "laserjet.ppd" from the standard repository
+for not-yet-installed-PPDs, which CUPS typically stores in 
+filename>/usr/share/cups/model</filename>. Alternatively, you may use
+"-P /absolute/filesystem/path/to/where/there/is/PPD/your.ppd").
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+Windows printing involves some more steps....
+
+But let me first point out some more general things about printer "drivers"
+for Linux/Unix (yes, and for Mac OS X now!), be it you use CUPS or one of
+the venerable (I'd even call them "ancient" and "rusty" now...) printing
+systems.
+
+You  -- and everybody else, for that matter --  should always also consult the
+database on linuxprinting.org for all recommendations about "which driver
+is best used for which printer":
+
+   http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi
+
+There select your model and click on "Show". You'll arrive at a page listing
+all drivers working with your model. There will always be *one* "recommended"
+one. Try this one first. In your case ("HP LaserJet 4 Plus"), you'll arrive
+here:
+
+   http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104
+
+The recommended driver is "ljet4". It has a link to the page for the ljet4
+driver too:
+
+   http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4
+
+On the driver's page, you'll find various important and detailed infos about
+how to use that driver within various spoolers. You can generate a PPD for
+CUPS. The PPD contains all the info about how to use your model and the driver;
+this is, once installed, working transparently for the user -- you'll only
+need to choose resolution, paper size etc. from the web-based menu or from
+the print dialog GUI or from the commandline...
+
+On the driver's page, choose to use the "PPD-O-Matic" online PPD generator
+program. Select your model and click "Generate PPD file". When you safe the
+appearing ASCII text file, don't use "cut'n'past" (as it will possible corrupt
+line endings and tabs), but use "Save as..." in your browser's menu. Save it
+at "/some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd"
+
+Then install the printer:
+
+    "lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E -P /some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd"
+
+Note, that for all the "Foomatic-PPDs" from Linuxprinting.org, you also need
+a special "CUPS filter" named "cupsomatic". Get the latest version of
+"cupsomatic" from
+
+     http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic
+
+This needs to be copied to "/usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic" and be made world
+executable. This filter is needed to read and act upon the specially encoded
+Foomatic comments, embedded in the printfile, which in turn are used to
+construct (transparently for you, the user) the complicated ghostscript command
+line needed for your printer/driver combo.
+
+You can have a look at all the options for the Ghostscript commandline supported
+by your printer and the ljet4 driver by going to the section "Execution details",
+selecting your model (Laserjet 4 Plus) and clicking on "Show execution details".
+This will bring up this web page:
+
+    http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&printer=75104&.submit=Show+execution+details
+
+The ingenious thing is this: the database is kept very current. If there
+is a bug fix and an improvement somewhere in the database, you will
+always get the most current and stable and feature-rich driver by following
+the steps described above... Till Kamppeter from MandrakeSoft is doing an
+excellent job here, and too few people still know about it. (So if you use
+it often, please send him a note of your appreciation sometime...)
+
+(The latest and greatest improvement now is support for "custom page sizes"
+for all those printers which support it...)
+
+"cupsomatic" is documented here:
+
+    http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html
+
+More printing tutorial info may be found here:
+
+    http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/
+
+Note, that *all* the Foomatic drivers listed on Linuxprinting.org (now
+approaching the "all-time high" number of 1.000 for the supported models)
+are using a special filtering chain involving Ghostscript, as described
+in great detail in the Samba CVS sources (for 2.2.x) in
+
+    docs/textdocs/CUPS-PrintingInfo.txt
+
+To sum it up:
+
+* having a "foomatic+<something>" PPD is not enough to print with CUPS
+   (but it is *one* important component)
+* you also need the "cupsomatic" filter script (Perl) in "/usr/lib/cups/filters/"
+* you need Perl to make cupsomatic run
+* you also need Ghostscript (because it is called and controlled by the
+   PPD/cupsomatic combo in a way to fit your printermodel/driver combo...)
+* your Ghostscript *must*, depending on the driver/model, contain support
+   for a certain "device" (as shown by "gs -h")
+
+In the case of the "hpijs" driver, you need a Ghostscript version, which
+is showing a "ijs" amongst its supported devices in "gs -h". In the case of
+"hpijs+foomatic", a valid ghostscript commandline would be reading like this:
+
+       gs -q -dBATCH -dPARANOIDSAFER -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ijs       \
+             -sIjsServer=hpijs<PageSize> -dDuplex=<Duplex> <Model>        \
+             -r<Resolution>,PS:MediaPosition=<InputSlot> -dIjsUseOutputFD \
+             -sOutputFile=- -
+
+Note, that with CUPS and the "hpijs+foomatic" PPD (plus Perl and cupsomatic)
+you don't need to remember this. You can choose the available print options
+thru a GUI print command (like "glp" from ESP's commercially supported
+PrintPro software, or KDE's "kprinter", or GNOME's "gtklp" or the independent
+"xpp") or the CUPS web interface via human-readable drop-down selection
+menus.....
+
+If you use "ESP Ghostscript" (also under the GPL, provided by Easy Software
+Products, the makers of CUPS, downloadable from http://www.cups.org/software.html,
+co-maintained by the developers of linuxprinting.org), you are guaranteed to
+have in use the most uptodate, bug-fixed, enhanced and stable version of a Free
+Ghostscript. It contains support for ~300 devices, whereas plain vanilla
+GNU Ghostscript 7.05 only has ~200....
+
+>>/ However, I can only print a Cups test page, from the web interface. when I
+/>>/ try to print a windows test page, it acts like the job was never sent.
+/
+  * Can you print "standard" jobs from the CUPS machine?
+
+  * Are the jobs from Windows visible in the Web interface on CUPS
+    (http://localhost:631/)?
+
+*Most important:* What kind of printer driver are you using on the Windows clients???
+
+You can try to get a more detailed debugging info by setting "LogLevel debug" in
+"/etc/cups/cupsd.conf", re-start cupsd and investigate "/var/log/cups/error_log"
+for the whereabouts of your Windows-originating printjobs:
+
+   * what does the "auto-typing" line say? which is the "MIME type" CUPS thinks
+     is arriving from the Windows clients?
+   * are there "filter" available for this MIME type?
+   * are there "filter rules" defined in "/etc/cups/mime.convs" for this MIME type?
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Limiting the number of pages users can print</title>
+
+<para>
+The feature you want is dependent on the real print subsystem
+you're using. Samba's part is always to receive the job files
+from the clients (filtered *or* unfiltered) and hand it over
+to this printing subsystem.
+
+Of course one could "hack" things with one's own scripts.
+
+But there is CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). CUPS supports "quotas".
+Quotas can be based on sizes of jobs or on the number of pages or both,
+and are spanning any time period you want.
+
+This is an example command how root would set a print quota in CUPS,
+assuming an existing printer named "quotaprinter":
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+  lpadmin -p quotaprinter -o job-quota-period=604800 -o job-k-limit=1024 -o job-page-limit=100
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This would limit every single user to print 100 pages or 1024 KB of
+data (whichever comes first) within the last 604.800 seconds ( = 1 week).
+
+For CUPS to count correctly, the printfile needs to pass the CUPS
+"pstops" filter, otherwise it uses a "dummy" count of "1". (Some
+printfiles don't pass it -- f.e. image files -- but then those are
+mostly 1 page jobs anyway). This also means, proprietary drivers for
+the target printer running on the client computers and CUPS/Samba
+then spooling these files as "raw" (i.e. leaving them untouched, not
+filtering them), will be counted as "1-pagers" too!
+
+You need to send PostScript from the clients (i.e. run a PostScript
+driver there) for having the chance to get accounting done. If the
+printer is a non-PostScript model, you need to let CUPS do the job to
+convert the file to a print-ready format for the target printer. This
+will be working for currently ~1.000 different printer models, see
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+     http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+Before CUPS-1.1.16 your only option was to use the Adobe PostScript
+Driver on the Windows clients. The output of this driver was not always
+passed thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba side, and therefor was
+not counted correctly (the reason is that it often --- depending on the
+"PPD" being used --- did write a "PJL"-header in front of the real
+PostScript which made CUPS to skip the pstops and go directy to
+the "pstoraster" stage).
+
+ From CUPS-1.1.16 onward you can use the "CUPS PostScript Driver
+for Windows NT/2K/XP clients" (it is tagged in the download area of
+http://www.cups.org/ as the "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz" package).
+It is *not* working for Win9x/ME clients. But it....
+
+   ...it guarantees to not write an PJL-header;
+   ...it guarantees to still read and support all PJL-options named
+      in the driver PPD with its own means;
+   ...it guarantees the file going thru the "pstops" filter on the
+      CUPS/Samba server;
+   ...it guarantees to page-count correctly the printfile...
+
+You can read more about the setup of this combination in the
+manpage for "cupsaddsmb" (only present with CUPS installed, only
+current with CUPS 1.1.16).
+
+These are the items CUPS logs in the "page_log" for every single
+*page* of a job:
+
+* Printer name
+* User name
+* Job ID
+* Time of printing
+* the page number
+* the number of copies
+* a billing info string (optional)
+
+Here is an extract of my CUPS server's page_log file to illustrate
+the format and included items:
+
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 1 2  #marketing
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 2 2  #marketing
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 3 2  #marketing
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 4 2  #marketing
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 5 2  #marketing
+infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 6 2  #marketing
+
+This was Job ID "40", printed on "infotec_IS2027" by user "kurt",
+a 6-page job printed in 2 copies and billed to "#marketing"...
+
+Which flaws or shortcomings are there?
+
+  * the ones named above;
+  * CUPS really counts the job pages being *processsed in software*
+    (going thru the "RIP") rather than the physical sheets successfully
+    leaving the printing device -- if there is a jam while printing
+    the 5th sheet out of 1000 and the job is aborted by the printer,
+    the "page count" will still show the figure of 1000 for that
+    job;
+  * all quotas are the same for all users (no flexibility to
+    give the boss a higher quota than the clerk)
+  * no support for groups;
+  * no means to read out the current balance or "used-up"
+    number of current quota;
+  * a user having used up 99 sheets of 100 quota will still be
+    able to send and print a 1.000 sheet job;
+  * a user being denied a job because of a filled-up quota
+    doesn't get a meaningful error message from CUPS other than
+    "client-error-not-possible".
+
+But this is the best system out there currently. And there are
+huge improvements under development:
+
+--> page counting will go into the "backends" (these talk directly
+     to the printer and will increase the count in sync with the
+     actual printing process  -- a jam at the 5th sheet will lead
+     to a stop in the counting...)
+
+--> quotas will be handled more flexibly;
+
+--> probably there will be support for users to inquire their
+     "accounts" in advance;
+
+--> probably there will be support for some other tools around
+     this topic...
+
+Other than the current stage of the CUPS development, I don't
+know any other ready-to-use tool which you could consider.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can download the driver files from http://www.cups.org/software.html. It
+is a separate package from the CUPS base software files, tagged as "CUPS 1.1.16
+Windows NT/2k/XP Printer Driver for SAMBA (tar.gz, 192k)". The filename to
+download is "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz". Upon untar-/unzip-ping it will reveal
+the files
+
+   cups-samba.install
+   cups-samba.license
+   cups-samba.readme
+   cups-samba.remove
+   cups-samba.ss
+
+These have been packaged with the ESP meta packager software "EPM". The
+*.install and *.remove files are simple shell script, which untars the
+*.ss (which is nothing else than a tar-archive) and puts its contents
+into "/usr/share/cups/drivers/". Its contents are 3 files:
+
+   cupsdrvr.dll
+   cupsui.dll
+   cups.hlp
+
+[ ATTENTION: due to a bug the current release puts the "cups.hlp" into
+   "/usr/share/drivers/" instead of "/usr/share/cups/drivers/". To work
+   around this, copy/move the file after running the "./cups-samba.install"
+   script manually to the right place:
+
+      "cp /usr/share/drivers/cups.hlp /usr/share/cups/drivers/" ]
+
+This new CUPS PostScript driver is currently binary-only, but free (as in
+free beer); no source code is provided (yet). The reason is this: it has
+been developed with the help of the Microsoft Driver Developer Kit (DDK)
+and compiled with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. It is not clear to the driver
+developers if they are allowed to distribute the whole of the source code
+as Free Software. However, they will likely release the "diff" in source
+code under the GPL, so anybody with a license of Visual Studio and a DDK
+will be able to compile for him/herself.
+
+Once you have run the install script (and possibly manually moved the
+"cups.hlp" file to "/usr/share/cups/drivers/"), the driver is ready to be
+put into Samba's [print$] share (which often maps to "/etc/samba/drivers/"
+and contains a subdir tree with WIN40 and W32X86 branches), by running
+"cupsaddsmb" (see also "man cupsaddsmb" for CUPS 1.1.16). [Don't forget to
+put root into the smbpasswd file by running "smbpasswd" should you run
+this whole procedure for the first time.] Once the driver files are in the
+[print$] share, they are ready to be downloaded and installed by the
+Win NT/2k/XP clients.
+
+NOTE 1: Win 9x/ME clients won't work with this driver. For these you'd
+         still need to use the ADOBE*.* drivers as previously.
+
+NOTE 2: It is not harming if you've still the ADOBE*.* driver files from
+         previous installations in the "/usr/share/cups/drivers/" directory.
+         The new cupsaddsmb (from 1.1.16) will automatically use the
+         "newest" installed driver (which here then is the CUPS drivers).
+
+NOTE 3: Should your Win clients have had the old ADOBE*.* files and the
+         Adobe PostScript drivers installed, the download and installation
+         of the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP will fail
+         at first.
+         It is not enough to "delete" the printer (as the driver files
+         will still be kept by the clients and re-used if you try to
+         re-install the printer). To really get rid of the Adobe driver
+         files on the clients, open the "Printers" folder (possibly via
+         "Start --> Settings --> Control Panel --> Printers"), right-click
+         onto the folder background and select "Server Properties". A
+         new dialog opens; select the "Drivers" tab; on the list select
+         the driver you want to delete and click on the "Delete" button.
+         (This will only work if there is no single printer left which
+         uses that particular driver -- you need to "delete" all printers
+         using this driver in the "Printers" folder first...)
+
+NOTE 4: Once you have successfully downloaded the CUPS PostScript driver
+         to a client, you can easily switch all printers to this one
+         by proceeding as described elsewhere in the "Samba HOWTO
+         Collection" to change a driver for an existing printer....
+
+
+What are the benefits with the "CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP"
+as compared to the Adobe drivers?
+                                                                                            9
+* no hassle with the Adobe EULA; no hassle with the question "where do I
+   get the ADOBE*.* driver files from?"
+
+* the Adobe drivers (depending on the printer PPD associated with them)
+   often put a PJL header in front of the core PostScript part of the print
+   file (thus the file starts with "<1B>%-12345X" or "<escape>%-12345X"
+   instead of "%!PS"). This leads to the CUPS daemon autotyping the
+   arriving file as a print-ready file, not requiring a pass thru the
+   "pstops" filter (to speak more technical, it is not regarded as the
+   generic MIME type "application/postscript", but as the more special
+   MIME type "application/cups.vnd-postscript"), which therefore also
+   leads to the page accounting in "/var/log/cups/page_log" not receiving
+   the exact mumber of pages; instead the dummy page number of "1" is
+   logged in a standard setup...)
+
+* the Adobe driver has more options to "mis-configure" the PostScript
+   generated by it (like setting it inadvertedly to "Optimize for Speed",
+   instead of "Optimize for Portability", which could lead to CUPS being
+   unable to process it....)
+
+* the CUPS PostScript driver output sent by Windows clients to the CUPS
+   server will be guaranteed to be auto-typed as generic MIME type
+   "application/postscript", thusly passing thru the CUPS "pstops" filter
+   and logging the correct number of pages in the page_log for accounting
+   and quota purposes...
+
+* the CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of additional print
+   options by the Win NT/2k/XP clients, such as naming the CUPS standard
+   banner pages (or the custom ones, should they be installed at the time
+   of driver download), using the CUPS "page-label" option, setting a
+   job-priority and setting the scheduled time of printing (with the option
+   to support additional useful IPP job attributes in the future).
+
+* the CUPS PostScript driver supports the inclusion of the new
+   "*cupsJobTicket" comments at the beginnig of the PostScript file (which
+   could be used in the future for all sort of beneficial extensions on
+   the CUPS side, but which will not disturb any other application as those
+   will regard it as a comment and simply ignore it).
+
+* the CUPS PostScript driver will be the heart of the fully fledged CUPS
+   IPP client for Windows NT/2k/XP to be released soon (probably alongside
+   the first Beta release for CUPS 1.2).
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Advanced Postscript Printing from MS Windows</title>
+
+<para>
+* Let the Windows Clients use a PostScript driver, to produce
+   PostScript as their print output sent towards the Samba print
+   server (just like any Linux or Unix Client would also use
+   PostScript to send to the server...)
+
+* make the Unix printing subsystem which is underneath Samba
+   convert the incoming PostScript files to the native print
+   format of the target printers (would likely be PCL?
+   I understand you have mainly HP models?)
+
+* You're afraid, that this would just mean a *Generic* PostScript
+   driver for the clients? With no Simplex/Duplex selection,
+   no paper tray choice? But you need them to be able to set up
+   their jobs, ringing all the bells and whistles of the printers?
+
+   --> Not possible with traditional spooling systems!
+
+   --> But perfectly supported by CUPS (which uses "PPD" files to
+       describe how to control the print options for PostScript and
+       non-PostScript devices alike...
+
+   CUPS PPDs are working perfectly on Windows
+   clients who use Adobe PostScript drivers (or the new CUPS
+   PostScript driver for Windows NT/2K/XP). Clients can use
+   them to setup the job to their liking and CUPS will use
+   the received job options to make the (PCL-, ESC/P- or
+   PostScript-) printer behave as required.
+
+* You want to have the additional benefit of page count logging
+   and accounting? In this case the CUPS PostScript driver
+   is the best choice (better than the Adobe one).
+
+* You want to make the drivers downloadable for the clients?
+   "cupsaddsmb" is your friend. It will setup the [print$]
+   share on the Samba host to be ready to serve the clients
+   for a "point and print" driver installation...
+
+"What strings are attached?", I hear you asking...
+
+You are right, there are some. But, given the sheer CPU power
+you can buy nowadays in German supermarkets, these can be
+overcome easily.
+
+The strings: Well, if the
+CUPS/Samba side will have to print a *lot* onto 40 printers
+serving 500 users, you probably will need to set up a second
+server (which can do automatic load balancing with the first
+one, plus a degree of fail-over mechanism). Converting the
+incoming PostScript jobs, "interpreting" them for
+non-PostScript printers, amounts to the work of a "RIP"
+(Raster Image Processor) done in software. This requires
+more CPU and RAM than for the mere "raw spooling" task
+your current setup is solving... It all depends on the
+avarage and peak printing load the server should be
+able to handle....
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Auto-Deletion of CUPS spool files</title>
+
+<para>
+Samba print files pass thru 2
+different "spool" directories. Once the incoming directory
+managed by Samba, (set f.e. in the "path = /var/spool/samba"
+directive in the [printers] section of "smb.conf"). Second is
+the spool directory of your UNIX print subsystem. For CUPS it is
+normally "/var/spool/cups/", as set by the cupsd.conf directive
+"RequestRoot /var/spool/cups".
+
+I am not sure, which one of your directories keeps the files.
+ From what you say, it is most likely the Samba part.
+
+For the CUPS part, you may want to consult:
+
+   http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobFiles and
+   http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobHistory and
+   http://localhost:631/sam.html#MaxJobs
+
+There are the settings described for your CUPS daemon, which
+could lead to completed job files not being deleted.
+
+"PreserveJobHistory Yes" -- keeps some details of jobs in
+cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "c12345", "c12346" etc. files
+in the CUPS spool directory, which do a similar job as the
+old-fashioned BSD-LPD control files). This is set to "Yes"
+as a default.
+
+"PreserveJobFiles Yes" -- keeps the job files themselves in
+cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "d12345", "d12346" etc. files
+in the CUPS spool directory...). This is set to "No" as the
+CUPS default.
+
+"MaxJobs 500" -- this directive controls the maximum number
+of jobs that are kept in memory. Once the number of jobs
+reaches the limit, the oldest completed job is automatically
+purged from the system to make room for the new one. If all
+of the known jobs are still pending or active then the new
+job will be rejected. Setting the maximum to 0 disables this
+functionality. The default setting is 0.
+
+(There are also additional settings for "MaxJobsPerUser" and
+"MaxJobsPerPrinter"...)
+
+For everything to work as announced, you need to have three
+things:
+
+   * a Samba-smbd which is compiled against "libcups" (Check
+     on Linux by running "ldd `which smbd`")
+
+   * a Samba-smb.conf setting of "printing = cups"
+
+   * another Samba-smb.conf setting of "printcap = cups"
+
+Note, that in this case all other manually set printing-related
+commands (like "print command", "lpq command", "lprm command",
+"lppause command" or "lpresume command") are ignored and they
+should normally have no influence what-so-ever on your printing.
+
+If you want to do things manually, replace the "printing = cups"
+by "printing = bsd". Then your manually set commands may work
+(haven't tested this), and a "print command = lp -d %P %s; rm %s"
+may do what you need.
+
+You forgot to mention the CUPS version you're using. If you did
+set things up as described in the man pages, then the Samba
+spool files should be deleted. Otherwise it may be a bug. On
+the CUPS side, you can control the behaviour as described
+above.
+If you have more problems, post the output of these commands:
+
+   grep -v ^# /etc/cups/cupsd.conf | grep -v ^$
+   grep -v ^# /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v "^;"
+
+(adapt paths as needed). These commands sanitize the files
+and cut out the empty lines and lines with comments, providing
+the "naked settings" in a compact way.
+</para>
+</sect1>