sync'ing up for 3.0alpha20 release

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+<chapter id="cups">
+
+
+<chapterinfo>
+	<author>
+		<firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname>
+		<affiliation>
+			<address>
+				<email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email>
+			</address>
+		</affiliation>
+	</author>
+
+
+	<pubdate> (24 May 2002) </pubdate>
+</chapterinfo>
+
+<title>Printing with CUPS in Samba 2.2.x</title>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Printing with CUPS in Samba 2.2.x</title>
+
+<para>
+<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink> is a newcomer in
+the UNIX printing scene, which has convinced many people upon first trial
+already. However, it has quite a few new features, which make it different
+from other, more traditional printing systems.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Configuring <filename>smb.conf</filename> for CUPS</title>
+
+<para>
+Printing with CUPS in the most basic <filename>smb.conf</filename>
+setup in Samba 2.2.x only needs two settings: <command>printing = cups</command> and
+<command>printcap = cups</command>. While CUPS itself doesn't need a printcap
+anymore, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows two directives
+(example: <command>Printcap /etc/printcap</command> and <command>PrintcapFormat
+BSD</command>), which control if such a file should be created for the
+convenience of third party applications. Make sure it is set! For details see
+<command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If SAMBA is compiled against libcups, then <command>printcap =
+cups</command> uses the CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, etc. Otherwise it
+maps to the System V commands with an additional <parameter>-oraw</parameter>
+option for printing. On a Linux system, you can use the <command>ldd</command> command to
+find out details (ldd may not be present on other OS platforms, or its
+function may be embodied by a different command):
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>transmeta:/home/kurt # ldd `which smbd`
+        libssl.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.6 (0x4002d000)
+        libcrypto.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.6 (0x4005a000)
+        libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000)
+        libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401e8000)
+        libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x401ec000)
+        libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x40202000)
+        libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4020b000)
+        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 =&gt; /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+The line "libcups.so.2 =&gt; /usr/lib/libcups.so.2
+(0x40123000)" shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of
+Samba. If this is the case, and <command>printing = cups</command> is set, then any
+otherwise manually set print command in smb.conf is ignored.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Using CUPS as a mere spooling print server -- "raw"
+printing with vendor drivers download</title>
+
+<para>
+You can setup Samba and your Windows clients to use the
+CUPS print subsystem just as you would with any of the more traditional print
+subsystems: that means the use of vendor provided, native Windows printer
+drivers for each target printer. If you setup the [print$] share to
+download these drivers to the clients, their GDI system (Graphical Device
+Interface) will output the Wndows EMF (Enhanced MetaFile) and
+convert it -- with the help of the printer driver -- locally into the format
+the printer is expecting. Samba and the CUPS print subsystem will have to
+treat these files as raw print files  -- they are already in the
+shape to be digestable for the printer. This is the same traditional setup
+for Unix print servers handling Windows client jobs. It does not take much
+CPU power to handle this kind of task efficiently.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS as a network PostScript RIP -- CUPS drivers working on server, Adobe
+PostScript driver with CUPS-PPDs downloaded to clients</title>
+
+
+<para>
+CUPS is perfectly able to use PPD files (PostScript
+Printer Descriptions). PPDs can control all print device options. They
+are usually provided by the manufacturer -- if you own a PostSript printer,
+that is. PPD files are always a component of PostScript printer drivers on MS
+Windows or Apple Mac OS systems. They are ASCII files containing
+user-selectable print options, mapped to appropriate PostScript, PCL or PJL
+commands for the target printer. Printer driver GUI dialogs translate these
+options "on-the-fly" into buttons and drop-down lists for the user to
+select.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS can load, without any conversions, the PPD file from
+any Windows (NT is recommended) PostScript driver and handle the options.
+There is a web browser interface to the print options (select
+http://localhost:631/printers/ and click on one "Configure Printer" button
+to see it), a commandline interface (see <command>man lpoptions</command> or
+try if you have <command>lphelp</command> on your system) plus some different GUI frontends on Linux
+UNIX, which can present PPD options to the users. PPD options are normally
+meant to become evaluated by the PostScript RIP on the real PostScript
+printer.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS doesn't stop at "real" PostScript printers in its
+usage of PPDs. The CUPS developers have extended the PPD concept, to also
+describe available device and driver options for non-PostScript printers
+through  CUPS-PPDs.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This is logical, as CUPS includes a fully featured
+PostScript interpreter (RIP). This RIP is based on Ghostscript. It can
+process all received PostScript (and additionally many other file formats)
+from clients. All CUPS-PPDs geared to non-PostScript printers contain an
+additional line, starting with the keyword <parameter>*cupsFilter</parameter>.
+This line
+tells the CUPS print system which printer-specific filter to use for the
+interpretation of the accompanying PostScript. Thus CUPS lets all its
+printers appear as PostScript devices to its clients, because it can act as a
+PostScript RIP for those printers, processing the received PostScript code
+into a proper raster print format.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS-PPDs can also be used on Windows-Clients, on top of a
+PostScript driver (recommended is the Adobe one).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This feature enables CUPS to do a few tricks no other
+spooler can do:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+  <listitem><para>act as a networked PostScript RIP (Raster Image Processor), handling
+    printfiles from all client platforms in a uniform way;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>act as a central accounting and billing server, as all files are passed
+    through the <command>pstops</command> Filter and are therefor logged in
+    the CUPS <filename>page&lowbar;log</filename>. - <emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>this
+    can not happen with "raw" print jobs, which always remain unfiltered
+    per definition;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>enable clients to consolidate on a single PostScript driver, even for
+    many different target printers.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS clients</title>
+
+<para>
+This setup may be of special interest to people
+experiencing major problems in WTS environments. WTS need often a multitude
+of non-PostScript drivers installed to run their clients' variety of
+different printer models. This often imposes the price of much increased
+instability. In many cases, in an attempt to overcome this problem, site
+administrators have resorted to restrict the allowed drivers installed on
+their WTS to one generic PCL- and one PostScript driver. This however
+restricts the clients in the amount of printer options available for them --
+often they can't get out more then simplex prints from one standard paper
+tray, while their devices could do much better, if driven by a different
+driver!
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Using an Adobe PostScript driver, enabled with a CUPS-PPD,
+seems to be a very elegant way to overcome all these shortcomings. The
+PostScript driver is not known to cause major stability problems on WTS (even
+if used with many different PPDs). The clients will be able to (again) chose
+paper trays, duplex printing and other settings. However, there is a certain
+price for this too: a  CUPS server acting as a PostScript RIP for its clients
+requires more CPU and RAM than just to act as  a "raw spooling" device. Plus,
+this setup is not yet widely tested, although the first feedbacks look very
+promising...
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Setting up CUPS for driver download</title>
+
+<para>
+The <command>cupsadsmb</command> utility (shipped with all current
+CUPS versions) makes the sharing of any (or all) installed CUPS printers very
+easy. Prior to using it, you need the following settings in smb.conf:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>[global]
+         load printers = yes
+         printing = cups
+         printcap name = cups
+
+[printers]
+         comment = All Printers
+         path = /var/spool/samba
+         browseable = no
+         public = yes
+         guest ok = yes
+         writable = no
+         printable = yes
+         printer admin = root
+
+[print$]
+         comment = Printer Drivers
+         path = /etc/samba/drivers
+         browseable = yes
+         guest ok = no
+         read only = yes
+         write list = root
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+For licensing reasons the necessary files of the Adobe
+Postscript driver can not be distributed with either Samba or CUPS. You need
+to download them yourself from the Adobe website. Once extracted, create a
+<filename>drivers</filename> directory in the CUPS data directory (usually
+<filename>/usr/share/cups/</filename>). Copy the Adobe files using
+UPPERCASE filenames, to this directory as follows:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+        ADFONTS.MFM
+        ADOBEPS4.DRV
+        ADOBEPS4.HLP
+        ADOBEPS5.DLL
+        ADOBEPSU.DLL
+        ADOBEPSU.HLP
+        DEFPRTR2.PPD
+        ICONLIB.DLL
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+Users of the ESP Print Pro software are able to install
+their "Samba Drivers" package for this purpose with no problem.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Sources of CUPS drivers / PPDs</title>
+
+<para>
+On the internet you can find now many thousand CUPS-PPD
+files (with their companion filters), in many national languages,
+supporting more than 1.000 non-PostScript models.
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro
+    (http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/)</ulink>
+    (commercial, non-Free) is packaged with more than 3.000 PPDs, ready for
+    successful usage "out of the box" on Linux, IBM-AIX, HP-UX, Sun-Solaris,
+    SGI-IRIX, Compaq Tru64, Digital Unix and some more commercial Unices (it
+    is written by the CUPS developers themselves and its sales help finance
+    the further development of CUPS, as they feed their creators)</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>the <ulink
+    url="http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/">Gimp-Print-Project
+    (http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/)</ulink>
+    (GPL, Free Software) provides around 120 PPDs (supporting nearly 300
+    printers, many driven to photo quality output), to be used alongside the
+    Gimp-Print CUPS filters;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.turboprint.com/">TurboPrint
+    (http://www.turboprint.com/)</ulink>
+    (Shareware, non-Freee) supports roughly the same amount of printers in
+    excellent quality;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink
+    url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">OMNI
+    (http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/)</ulink>
+    (LPGL, Free) is a package made by IBM, now containing support for more
+    than 400 printers, stemming from the inheritance of IBM OS/2 KnowHow
+    ported over to Linux (CUPS support is in a Beta-stage at present);</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/">HPIJS
+    (http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/)</ulink>
+    (BSD-style licnes, Free) supports around 120 of HP's own printers and is
+    also providing excellent print quality now;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink
+    url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Foomatic/cupsomatic (http://www.linuxprinting.org/)</ulink> 
+    (LPGL, Free) from Linuxprinting.org are providing PPDs for practically every
+    Ghostscript filter known to the world, now usable with CUPS.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>the cupsomatic trick from Linuxprinting.org is
+working different from the other drivers. While the other drivers take the
+generic CUPS raster (produced by CUPS' own pstoraster PostScript RIP) as
+their input, cupsomatic "kidnaps" the PostScript inside CUPS, before
+RIP-ping, deviates it to an external Ghostscript installation (which now
+becomes the RIP) and gives it back to a CUPS backend once Ghostscript is
+finished. -- CUPS versions from 1.1.15 and later will provide their pstoraster
+PostScript RIP function again inside a system-wide Ghostscript 
+installation rather than in "their own" pstoraster filter. (This 
+CUPS-enabling Ghostscript version may be installed either as a 
+patch to GNU or AFPL Ghostscript, or as a complete ESP Ghostscript package).
+However, this will not change the cupsomatic approach of guiding the printjob
+along a different path through the filtering system than the standard CUPS
+way...
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Once you installed a printer inside CUPS with one of the
+recommended methods (the lpadmin command, the web browser interface or one of
+the available GUI wizards), you can use <command>cupsaddsmb</command> to share the
+printer via Samba. <command>cupsaddsmb</command> prepares the driver files for
+comfortable client download and installation upon their first contact with
+this printer share.
+</para>
+
+
+
+<sect2>
+<title><command>cupsaddsmb</command></title>
+
+
+<para>
+The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command copies the needed files
+for convenient Windows client installations from the previously prepared CUPS
+data directory to your [print$] share. Additionally, the PPD
+associated with this printer is copied from <filename>/etc/cups/ppd/</filename> to
+[print$].
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+<prompt>root# </prompt> <command>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</command>
+Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA: <userinput>[type in password 'secret']</userinput>
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+To share all printers and drivers, use the <parameter>-a</parameter>
+parameter instead of a printer name.
+</para>
+
+
+<para>
+Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the
+<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+<prompt>root# </prompt> cupsaddsmb -v -U root infotec_IS2027
+    Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA:
+    Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir W32X86;put /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP'
+    added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0
+    added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs]
+    NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86
+    putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as \W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD (17394.6 kb/s) (average 17395.2 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL as \W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL (10877.4 kb/s) (average 11343.0 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL as \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL (5095.2 kb/s) (average 9260.4 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP as \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP (8828.7 kb/s) (average 9247.1 kb/s)
+
+    Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir WIN40;put /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL WIN40/PSMON.DLL;'
+    added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0
+    added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs]
+    NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \WIN40
+    putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as \WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD (26091.5 kb/s) (average 26092.8 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM as \WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM (11241.6 kb/s) (average 11812.9 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV as \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV (16640.6 kb/s) (average 14679.3 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP as \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP (11285.6 kb/s) (average 14281.5 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD as \WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD (823.5 kb/s) (average 12944.0 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL as \WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL (19226.2 kb/s) (average 13169.7 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL as \WIN40/PSMON.DLL (18666.1 kb/s) (average 13266.7 kb/s)
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"'
+    cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"
+    Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed.
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW:ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"'
+    cmd = adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW:ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"
+    Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed.
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' -c 'setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027'
+    cmd = setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027
+    Succesfully set infotec_IS2027 to driver infotec_IS2027.
+
+    <prompt>root# </prompt>
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+If you look closely, you'll discover your root password
+was transfered unencrypted over the wire, so beware! Also, if you look
+further her, you'll discover error messages like
+<constant>NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION</constant> in between. They occur, because
+the directories <filename>WIN40</filename> and <filename>W32X86</filename> already
+existed in the [print$] driver download share (from a previous driver
+installation). They are harmless here.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Now your printer is prepared for the clients to use. From
+a client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server, open the "Printers"
+share, right-click on this printer and select "Install..." or
+"Connect..." (depending on the Windows version you use). Now their
+should be a new printer in your client's local "Printers" folder,
+named (in my case) "infotec_IS2027 on kdebitshop"
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>
+<command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work i
+with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher
+and Samba from 2.2.4. If it doesn't work, or if the automatic printer
+driver download to the clients doesn't succeed, you can still manually
+install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on
+clients and then point the client's printer queue to the Samba printer
+share for connection, should you desire to use the CUPS networked
+PostScript RIP functions.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+
+</chapter>