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authorJohn Terpstra <jht@samba.org>2003-04-21 20:00:38 +0000
committerJohn Terpstra <jht@samba.org>2003-04-21 20:00:38 +0000
commit3ac50a125e27911ec29f1c637417fa9ae1612a86 (patch)
tree78d755d6cbaf4059d36268d9fb6c105a9095a6be /docs/docbook
parent13c8154ccdfc36445e66472a7448bdd710a909ae (diff)
downloadsamba-3ac50a125e27911ec29f1c637417fa9ae1612a86.tar.gz
samba-3ac50a125e27911ec29f1c637417fa9ae1612a86.tar.bz2
samba-3ac50a125e27911ec29f1c637417fa9ae1612a86.zip
Merged the two browsing documents into one. Added locking module to global.ent file.
(This used to be commit 1027525be23e7db97677e2ed3e2706d271ad0a0b)
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/docbook')
-rw-r--r--docs/docbook/global.ent7
-rw-r--r--docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing-Quickguide.sgml416
-rw-r--r--docs/docbook/projdoc/NetworkBrowsing.sgml (renamed from docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml)1313
-rw-r--r--docs/docbook/projdoc/samba-doc.sgml3
4 files changed, 901 insertions, 838 deletions
diff --git a/docs/docbook/global.ent b/docs/docbook/global.ent
index c69b72d8a6..dcef1084d6 100644
--- a/docs/docbook/global.ent
+++ b/docs/docbook/global.ent
@@ -407,8 +407,7 @@ an Active Directory environment.
<!ENTITY ID-BUGS SYSTEM "bugreport">
<!ENTITY ID-SECURITY-LEVEL SYSTEM "securitylevels">
<!ENTITY ID-SPEED SYSTEM "speed">
-<!ENTITY ID-BROWSING SYSTEM "improved-browsing">
-<!ENTITY ID-BROWSING-Quick SYSTEM "Browsing-Quick">
+<!ENTITY ID-NetworkBrowsing SYSTEM "network-browsing">
<!ENTITY ID-GROUP-MAPPING-HOWTO SYSTEM "groupmapping">
<!ENTITY ID-Portability SYSTEM "Portability">
<!ENTITY ID-Other-Clients SYSTEM "Other-Clients">
@@ -451,8 +450,7 @@ an Active Directory environment.
<!ENTITY ADS-HOWTO SYSTEM "projdoc/ADS-HOWTO.sgml">
<!ENTITY AdvancedNetworkAdmin SYSTEM "projdoc/AdvancedNetworkAdmin.sgml">
-<!ENTITY BROWSING SYSTEM "projdoc/Browsing.sgml">
-<!ENTITY BROWSING-Quick SYSTEM "projdoc/Browsing-Quickguide.sgml">
+<!ENTITY NetworkBrowsing SYSTEM "projdoc/NetworkBrowsing.sgml">
<!ENTITY BUGS SYSTEM "projdoc/Bugs.sgml">
<!ENTITY CUPS SYSTEM "projdoc/CUPS-printing.sgml">
<!ENTITY CVS-Access SYSTEM "projdoc/CVS-Access.sgml">
@@ -463,6 +461,7 @@ an Active Directory environment.
<!ENTITY GROUP-MAPPING-HOWTO SYSTEM "projdoc/GROUP-MAPPING-HOWTO.sgml">
<!ENTITY IntegratingWithWindows SYSTEM "projdoc/Integrating-with-Windows.sgml">
<!ENTITY IntroSMB SYSTEM "projdoc/IntroSMB.sgml">
+<!ENTITY locking SYSTEM "projdoc/locking.sgml">
<!ENTITY MS-Dfs-Setup SYSTEM "projdoc/msdfs_setup.sgml">
<!ENTITY NT-Security SYSTEM "projdoc/NT_Security.sgml">
<!ENTITY NT4Migration SYSTEM "projdoc/NT4Migration.sgml">
diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing-Quickguide.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing-Quickguide.sgml
deleted file mode 100644
index d8df57dcb9..0000000000
--- a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing-Quickguide.sgml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
-<chapter id="Browsing-Quick">
-<chapterinfo>
- &author.jht;
- <pubdate>July 5, 1998</pubdate>
- <pubdate>Updated: March 15, 2003</pubdate>
-</chapterinfo>
-
-<title>Quick Cross Subnet Browsing / Cross Workgroup Browsing guide</title>
-
-<para>
-This document should be read in conjunction with Browsing and may
-be taken as the fast track guide to implementing browsing across subnets
-and / or across workgroups (or domains). WINS is the best tool for resolution
-of NetBIOS names to IP addesses. WINS is NOT involved in browse list handling
-except by way of name to address mapping.
-</para>
-
-<note><para>
-MS Windows 2000 and later can be configured to operate with NO NetBIOS
-over TCP/IP. Samba-3 and later also supports this mode of operation.
-</para></note>
-
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Discussion</title>
-
-<para>
-Firstly, all MS Windows networking is based on SMB (Server Message
-Block) based messaging. SMB messaging may be implemented using NetBIOS or
-without NetBIOS. Samba implements NetBIOS by encapsulating it over TCP/IP.
-MS Windows products can do likewise. NetBIOS based networking uses broadcast
-messaging to affect browse list management. When running NetBIOS over
-TCP/IP this uses UDP based messaging. UDP messages can be broadcast or unicast.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Normally, only unicast UDP messaging can be forwarded by routers. The
-<command>remote announce</command>
-parameter to smb.conf helps to project browse announcements
-to remote network segments via unicast UDP. Similarly, the
-<command>remote browse sync</command> parameter of <filename>smb.conf</filename>
-implements browse list collation using unicast UDP.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Secondly, in those networks where Samba is the only SMB server technology
-wherever possible &nmbd; should be configured on one (1) machine as the WINS
-server. This makes it easy to manage the browsing environment. If each network
-segment is configured with it's own Samba WINS server, then the only way to
-get cross segment browsing to work is by using the
-<command>remote announce</command> and the <command>remote browse sync</command>
-parameters to your <filename>smb.conf</filename> file.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If only one WINS server is used for an entire multi-segment network then
-the use of the <command>remote announce</command> and the
-<command>remote browse sync</command> parameters should NOT be necessary.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-As of Samba 3 WINS replication is being worked on. The bulk of the code has
-been committed, but it still needs maturation.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Right now samba WINS does not support MS-WINS replication. This means that
-when setting up Samba as a WINS server there must only be one &nmbd; configured
-as a WINS server on the network. Some sites have used multiple Samba WINS
-servers for redundancy (one server per subnet) and then used
-<command>remote browse sync</command> and <command>remote announce</command>
-to affect browse list collation across all
-segments. Note that this means clients will only resolve local names,
-and must be configured to use DNS to resolve names on other subnets in
-order to resolve the IP addresses of the servers they can see on other
-subnets. This setup is not recommended, but is mentioned as a practical
-consideration (ie: an 'if all else fails' scenario).
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Lastly, take note that browse lists are a collection of unreliable broadcast
-messages that are repeated at intervals of not more than 15 minutes. This means
-that it will take time to establish a browse list and it can take up to 45
-minutes to stabilise, particularly across network segments.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>How browsing functions and how to deploy stable and
-dependable browsing using Samba</title>
-
-
-<para>
-As stated above, MS Windows machines register their NetBIOS names
-(i.e.: the machine name for each service type in operation) on start
-up. Also, as stated above, the exact method by which this name registration
-takes place is determined by whether or not the MS Windows client/server
-has been given a WINS server address, whether or not LMHOSTS lookup
-is enabled, or if DNS for NetBIOS name resolution is enabled, etc.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-In the case where there is no WINS server all name registrations as
-well as name lookups are done by UDP broadcast. This isolates name
-resolution to the local subnet, unless LMHOSTS is used to list all
-names and IP addresses. In such situations Samba provides a means by
-which the samba server name may be forcibly injected into the browse
-list of a remote MS Windows network (using the
-<command>remote announce</command> parameter).
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Where a WINS server is used, the MS Windows client will use UDP
-unicast to register with the WINS server. Such packets can be routed
-and thus WINS allows name resolution to function across routed networks.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-During the startup process an election will take place to create a
-local master browser if one does not already exist. On each NetBIOS network
-one machine will be elected to function as the domain master browser. This
-domain browsing has nothing to do with MS security domain control.
-Instead, the domain master browser serves the role of contacting each local
-master browser (found by asking WINS or from LMHOSTS) and exchanging browse
-list contents. This way every master browser will eventually obtain a complete
-list of all machines that are on the network. Every 11-15 minutes an election
-is held to determine which machine will be the master browser. By the nature of
-the election criteria used, the machine with the highest uptime, or the
-most senior protocol version, or other criteria, will win the election
-as domain master browser.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Clients wishing to browse the network make use of this list, but also depend
-on the availability of correct name resolution to the respective IP
-address/addresses.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Any configuration that breaks name resolution and/or browsing intrinsics
-will annoy users because they will have to put up with protracted
-inability to use the network services.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Samba supports a feature that allows forced synchonisation
-of browse lists across routed networks using the <command>remote
-browse sync</command> parameter in the <filename>smb.conf</filename> file.
-This causes Samba to contact the local master browser on a remote network and
-to request browse list synchronisation. This effectively bridges
-two networks that are separated by routers. The two remote
-networks may use either broadcast based name resolution or WINS
-based name resolution, but it should be noted that the <command>remote
-browse sync</command> parameter provides browse list synchronisation - and
-that is distinct from name to address resolution, in other
-words, for cross subnet browsing to function correctly it is
-essential that a name to address resolution mechanism be provided.
-This mechanism could be via DNS, <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>,
-and so on.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Use of the <command>Remote Announce</command> parameter</title>
-<para>
-The <command>remote announce</command> parameter of
-<filename>smb.conf</filename> can be used to forcibly ensure
-that all the NetBIOS names on a network get announced to a remote network.
-The syntax of the <command>remote announce</command> parameter is:
-<programlisting>
- remote announce = <replaceable>a.b.c.d [e.f.g.h]</replaceable> ...
-</programlisting>
-_or_
-<programlisting>
- remote announce = <replaceable>a.b.c.d/WORKGROUP [e.f.g.h/WORKGROUP]</replaceable> ...
-</programlisting>
-
-where:
-<variablelist>
-<varlistentry><term><replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable> and
-<replaceable>e.f.g.h</replaceable></term>
-<listitem><para>is either the LMB (Local Master Browser) IP address
-or the broadcst address of the remote network.
-ie: the LMB is at 192.168.1.10, or the address
-could be given as 192.168.1.255 where the netmask
-is assumed to be 24 bits (255.255.255.0).
-When the remote announcement is made to the broadcast
-address of the remote network every host will receive
-our announcements. This is noisy and therefore
-undesirable but may be necessary if we do NOT know
-the IP address of the remote LMB.</para></listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-
-<varlistentry>
-<term><replaceable>WORKGROUP</replaceable></term>
-<listitem><para>is optional and can be either our own workgroup
-or that of the remote network. If you use the
-workgroup name of the remote network then our
-NetBIOS machine names will end up looking like
-they belong to that workgroup, this may cause
-name resolution problems and should be avoided.
-</para></listitem>
-</varlistentry>
-</variablelist>
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Use of the <command>Remote Browse Sync</command> parameter</title>
-
-<para>
-The <command>remote browse sync</command> parameter of
-<filename>smb.conf</filename> is used to announce to
-another LMB that it must synchronise it's NetBIOS name list with our
-Samba LMB. It works ONLY if the Samba server that has this option is
-simultaneously the LMB on it's network segment.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The syntax of the <command>remote browse sync</command> parameter is:
-
-<programlisting>
-remote browse sync = <replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable>
-</programlisting>
-
-where <replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable> is either the IP address of the remote LMB or else is the network broadcast address of the remote segment.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Use of WINS</title>
-
-<para>
-Use of WINS (either Samba WINS _or_ MS Windows NT Server WINS) is highly
-recommended. Every NetBIOS machine registers it's name together with a
-name_type value for each of of several types of service it has available.
-eg: It registers it's name directly as a unique (the type 0x03) name.
-It also registers it's name if it is running the lanmanager compatible
-server service (used to make shares and printers available to other users)
-by registering the server (the type 0x20) name.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-All NetBIOS names are up to 15 characters in length. The name_type variable
-is added to the end of the name - thus creating a 16 character name. Any
-name that is shorter than 15 characters is padded with spaces to the 15th
-character. ie: All NetBIOS names are 16 characters long (including the
-name_type information).
-</para>
-
-<para>
-WINS can store these 16 character names as they get registered. A client
-that wants to log onto the network can ask the WINS server for a list
-of all names that have registered the NetLogon service name_type. This saves
-broadcast traffic and greatly expedites logon processing. Since broadcast
-name resolution can not be used across network segments this type of
-information can only be provided via WINS _or_ via statically configured
-<filename>lmhosts</filename> files that must reside on all clients in the
-absence of WINS.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-WINS also serves the purpose of forcing browse list synchronisation by all
-LMB's. LMB's must synchronise their browse list with the DMB (domain master
-browser) and WINS helps the LMB to identify it's DMB. By definition this
-will work only within a single workgroup. Note that the domain master browser
-has NOTHING to do with what is referred to as an MS Windows NT Domain. The
-later is a reference to a security environment while the DMB refers to the
-master controller for browse list information only.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Use of WINS will work correctly only if EVERY client TCP/IP protocol stack
-has been configured to use the WINS server/s. Any client that has not been
-configured to use the WINS server will continue to use only broadcast based
-name registration so that WINS may NEVER get to know about it. In any case,
-machines that have not registered with a WINS server will fail name to address
-lookup attempts by other clients and will therefore cause workstation access
-errors.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-To configure Samba as a WINS server just add
-<command>wins support = yes</command> to the <filename>smb.conf</filename>
-file [globals] section.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-To configure Samba to register with a WINS server just add
-"wins server = a.b.c.d" to your smb.conf file [globals] section.
-</para>
-
-<important><para>
-Never use both <command>wins support = yes</command> together
-with <command>wins server = a.b.c.d</command>
-particularly not using it's own IP address.
-Specifying both will cause &nmbd; to refuse to start!
-</para></important>
-
-<sect2>
-<title>WINS Replication</title>
-
-<para>
-Samba-3 permits WINS replication through the use of the <filename>wrepld</filename> utility.
-This tool is not currently capable of being used as it is still in active development.
-As soon as this tool becomes moderately functional we will prepare man pages and enhance this
-section of the documentation to provide usage and technical details.
-</para>
-
-</sect2>
-<sect2>
-<title>Static WINS Entries</title>
-
-<para>
-New to Samba-3 is a tool called <filename>winsedit</filename> that may be used to add
-static WINS entries to the WINS database. This tool can be used also to modify entries
-existing in the WINS database.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The development of the winsedit tool was made necessary due to the migration
-of the older style wins.dat file into a new tdb binary backend data store.
-</para>
-
-</sect2>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Do NOT use more than one (1) protocol on MS Windows machines</title>
-
-<para>
-A very common cause of browsing problems results from installing more than
-one protocol on an MS Windows machine.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Every NetBIOS machine takes part in a process of electing the LMB (and DMB)
-every 15 minutes. A set of election criteria is used to determine the order
-of precidence for winning this election process. A machine running Samba or
-Windows NT will be biased so that the most suitable machine will predictably
-win and thus retain it's role.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The election process is "fought out" so to speak over every NetBIOS network
-interface. In the case of a Windows 9x machine that has both TCP/IP and IPX
-installed and has NetBIOS enabled over both protocols the election will be
-decided over both protocols. As often happens, if the Windows 9x machine is
-the only one with both protocols then the LMB may be won on the NetBIOS
-interface over the IPX protocol. Samba will then lose the LMB role as Windows
-9x will insist it knows who the LMB is. Samba will then cease to function
-as an LMB and thus browse list operation on all TCP/IP only machines will
-fail.
-</para>
-
-<para><emphasis>
-Windows 95, 98, 98se, Me are referred to generically as Windows 9x.
-The Windows NT4, 2000, XP and 2003 use common protocols. These are roughly
-referred to as the WinNT family, but it should be recognised that 2000 and
-XP/2003 introduce new protocol extensions that cause them to behave
-differently from MS Windows NT4. Generally, where a server does NOT support
-the newer or extended protocol, these will fall back to the NT4 protocols.
-</emphasis></para>
-
-<para>
-The safest rule of all to follow it this - USE ONLY ONE PROTOCOL!
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Name Resolution Order</title>
-
-<para>
-Resolution of NetBIOS names to IP addresses can take place using a number
-of methods. The only ones that can provide NetBIOS name_type information
-are:</para>
-
-<simplelist>
-<member>WINS: the best tool!</member>
-<member>LMHOSTS: is static and hard to maintain.</member>
-<member>Broadcast: uses UDP and can not resolve names across remote segments.</member>
-</simplelist>
-
-<para>
-Alternative means of name resolution includes:</para>
-<simplelist>
-<member>/etc/hosts: is static, hard to maintain, and lacks name_type info</member>
-<member>DNS: is a good choice but lacks essential name_type info.</member>
-</simplelist>
-
-<para>
-Many sites want to restrict DNS lookups and want to avoid broadcast name
-resolution traffic. The "name resolve order" parameter is of great help here.
-The syntax of the "name resolve order" parameter is:
-<programlisting>
-name resolve order = wins lmhosts bcast host
-</programlisting>
-_or_
-<programlisting>
-name resolve order = wins lmhosts (eliminates bcast and host)
-</programlisting>
-The default is:
-<programlisting>
-name resolve order = host lmhost wins bcast
-</programlisting>.
-where "host" refers the the native methods used by the Unix system
-to implement the gethostbyname() function call. This is normally
-controlled by <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>, <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> and <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
-</para>
-</sect1>
-</chapter>
diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/NetworkBrowsing.sgml
index ca2f6dc57b..c4b6a07777 100644
--- a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml
+++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/NetworkBrowsing.sgml
@@ -1,18 +1,898 @@
-<chapter id="improved-browsing">
+<chapter id="NetworkBrowsing">
<chapterinfo>
- <author>
- <affiliation>
- <orgname>Samba Team</orgname>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
-
- <pubdate> (5 July 1998) </pubdate>
+ &author.jht;
+ <pubdate>July 5, 1998</pubdate>
+ <pubdate>Updated: March 15, 2003</pubdate>
</chapterinfo>
-<title>Improved browsing in samba</title>
+<title>Samba / MS Windows Network Browsing Guide</title>
+
+<para>
+This document contains detailed informataion as well as a fast track guide to
+implementing browsing across subnets and / or across workgroups (or domains).
+WINS is the best tool for resolution of NetBIOS names to IP addesses. WINS is
+NOT involved in browse list handling except by way of name to address resolution.
+</para>
+
+<note><para>
+MS Windows 2000 and later can be configured to operate with NO NetBIOS
+over TCP/IP. Samba-3 and later also supports this mode of operation.
+When the use of NetBIOS over TCP/IP has been disabled then the primary
+means for resolution of MS Windows machine names is via DNS and Active Directory.
+The following information assumes that your site is running NetBIOS over TCP/IP.
+</para></note>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>What is Browsing?</title>
+
+<para>
+To most people browsing means that they can see the MS Windows and Samba servers
+in the Network Neighborhood, and when the computer icon for a particular server is
+clicked, it opens up and shows the shares and printers available on the target server.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+What seems so simple is in fact a very complex interaction of different technologies.
+The technologies (or methods) employed in making all of this work includes:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+ <member>MS Windows machines register their presence to the network</member>
+ <member>Machines announce themselves to other machines on the network</member>
+ <member>One or more machine on the network collates the local announcements</member>
+ <member>The client machine finds the machine that has the collated list of machines</member>
+ <member>The client machine is able to resolve the machine names to IP addresses</member>
+ <member>The client machine is able to connect to a target machine</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+The samba application that controls/manages browse list management and name resolution is
+called <filename>nmbd</filename>. The configuration parameters involved in nmbd's operation are:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+ Browsing options:
+ -----------------
+ * os level
+ lm announce
+ lm interval
+ * preferred master
+ * local master
+ * domain master
+ browse list
+ enhanced browsing
+
+ Name Resolution Method:
+ -----------------------
+ * name resolve order
+
+ WINS options:
+ -------------
+ dns proxy
+ wins proxy
+ * wins server
+ * wins support
+ wins hook
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+WINS Server and WINS Support are mutually exclusive options. Those marked with an '*' are
+the only options that commonly MAY need to be modified. Even if not one of these parameters
+is set nmbd will still do it's job.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Discussion</title>
+
+<para>
+Firstly, all MS Windows networking is based on SMB (Server Message
+Block) based messaging. SMB messaging may be implemented using NetBIOS or
+without NetBIOS. Samba implements NetBIOS by encapsulating it over TCP/IP.
+MS Windows products can do likewise. NetBIOS based networking uses broadcast
+messaging to affect browse list management. When running NetBIOS over
+TCP/IP this uses UDP based messaging. UDP messages can be broadcast or unicast.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Normally, only unicast UDP messaging can be forwarded by routers. The
+<command>remote announce</command>
+parameter to smb.conf helps to project browse announcements
+to remote network segments via unicast UDP. Similarly, the
+<command>remote browse sync</command> parameter of <filename>smb.conf</filename>
+implements browse list collation using unicast UDP.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Secondly, in those networks where Samba is the only SMB server technology
+wherever possible <filename>nmbd</filename> should be configured on one (1) machine as the WINS
+server. This makes it easy to manage the browsing environment. If each network
+segment is configured with it's own Samba WINS server, then the only way to
+get cross segment browsing to work is by using the
+<command>remote announce</command> and the <command>remote browse sync</command>
+parameters to your <filename>smb.conf</filename> file.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If only one WINS server is used for an entire multi-segment network then
+the use of the <command>remote announce</command> and the
+<command>remote browse sync</command> parameters should NOT be necessary.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+As of Samba 3 WINS replication is being worked on. The bulk of the code has
+been committed, but it still needs maturation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Right now samba WINS does not support MS-WINS replication. This means that
+when setting up Samba as a WINS server there must only be one <filename>nmbd</filename> configured
+as a WINS server on the network. Some sites have used multiple Samba WINS
+servers for redundancy (one server per subnet) and then used
+<command>remote browse sync</command> and <command>remote announce</command>
+to affect browse list collation across all
+segments. Note that this means clients will only resolve local names,
+and must be configured to use DNS to resolve names on other subnets in
+order to resolve the IP addresses of the servers they can see on other
+subnets. This setup is not recommended, but is mentioned as a practical
+consideration (ie: an 'if all else fails' scenario).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Lastly, take note that browse lists are a collection of unreliable broadcast
+messages that are repeated at intervals of not more than 15 minutes. This means
+that it will take time to establish a browse list and it can take up to 45
+minutes to stabilise, particularly across network segments.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
<sect1>
-<title>Overview of browsing</title>
+<title>How Browsing Functions</title>
+
+<para>
+As stated above, MS Windows machines register their NetBIOS names
+(ie: the machine name for each service type in operation) on start
+up. Also, as stated above, the exact method by which this name registration
+takes place is determined by whether or not the MS Windows client/server
+has been given a WINS server address, whether or not LMHOSTS lookup
+is enabled, or if DNS for NetBIOS name resolution is enabled, etc.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+In the case where there is no WINS server all name registrations as
+well as name lookups are done by UDP broadcast. This isolates name
+resolution to the local subnet, unless LMHOSTS is used to list all
+names and IP addresses. In such situations Samba provides a means by
+which the samba server name may be forcibly injected into the browse
+list of a remote MS Windows network (using the
+<command>remote announce</command> parameter).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Where a WINS server is used, the MS Windows client will use UDP
+unicast to register with the WINS server. Such packets can be routed
+and thus WINS allows name resolution to function across routed networks.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+During the startup process an election will take place to create a
+local master browser if one does not already exist. On each NetBIOS network
+one machine will be elected to function as the domain master browser. This
+domain browsing has nothing to do with MS security domain control.
+Instead, the domain master browser serves the role of contacting each local
+master browser (found by asking WINS or from LMHOSTS) and exchanging browse
+list contents. This way every master browser will eventually obtain a complete
+list of all machines that are on the network. Every 11-15 minutes an election
+is held to determine which machine will be the master browser. By the nature of
+the election criteria used, the machine with the highest uptime, or the
+most senior protocol version, or other criteria, will win the election
+as domain master browser.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Clients wishing to browse the network make use of this list, but also depend
+on the availability of correct name resolution to the respective IP
+address/addresses.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Any configuration that breaks name resolution and/or browsing intrinsics
+will annoy users because they will have to put up with protracted
+inability to use the network services.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Samba supports a feature that allows forced synchonisation
+of browse lists across routed networks using the <command>remote
+browse sync</command> parameter in the <filename>smb.conf</filename> file.
+This causes Samba to contact the local master browser on a remote network and
+to request browse list synchronisation. This effectively bridges
+two networks that are separated by routers. The two remote
+networks may use either broadcast based name resolution or WINS
+based name resolution, but it should be noted that the <command>remote
+browse sync</command> parameter provides browse list synchronisation - and
+that is distinct from name to address resolution, in other
+words, for cross subnet browsing to function correctly it is
+essential that a name to address resolution mechanism be provided.
+This mechanism could be via DNS, <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>,
+and so on.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Setting up Browsing in a WORKGROUP</title>
+
+<para>
+To set up cross subnet browsing on a network containing machines
+in up to be in a WORKGROUP, not an NT Domain you need to set up one
+Samba server to be the Domain Master Browser (note that this is *NOT*
+the same as a Primary Domain Controller, although in an NT Domain the
+same machine plays both roles). The role of a Domain master browser is
+to collate the browse lists from local master browsers on all the
+subnets that have a machine participating in the workgroup. Without
+one machine configured as a domain master browser each subnet would
+be an isolated workgroup, unable to see any machines on any other
+subnet. It is the presense of a domain master browser that makes
+cross subnet browsing possible for a workgroup.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+In an WORKGROUP environment the domain master browser must be a
+Samba server, and there must only be one domain master browser per
+workgroup name. To set up a Samba server as a domain master browser,
+set the following option in the [global] section of the &smb.conf; file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = yes
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The domain master browser should also preferrably be the local master
+browser for its own subnet. In order to achieve this set the following
+options in the [global] section of the &smb.conf; file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = yes
+ local master = yes
+ preferred master = yes
+ os level = 65
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The domain master browser may be the same machine as the WINS
+server, if you require.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Next, you should ensure that each of the subnets contains a
+machine that can act as a local master browser for the
+workgroup. Any MS Windows NT/2K/XP/2003 machine should be
+able to do this, as will Windows 9x machines (although these
+tend to get rebooted more often, so it's not such a good idea
+to use these). To make a Samba server a local master browser
+set the following options in the [global] section of the
+&smb.conf; file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = no
+ local master = yes
+ preferred master = yes
+ os level = 65
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Do not do this for more than one Samba server on each subnet,
+or they will war with each other over which is to be the local
+master browser.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The <command>local master</command> parameter allows Samba to act as a
+local master browser. The <command>preferred master</command> causes nmbd
+to force a browser election on startup and the <command>os level</command>
+parameter sets Samba high enough so that it should win any browser elections.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you have an NT machine on the subnet that you wish to
+be the local master browser then you can disable Samba from
+becoming a local master browser by setting the following
+options in the <command>[global]</command> section of the
+&smb.conf; file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = no
+ local master = no
+ preferred master = no
+ os level = 0
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Setting up Browsing in a DOMAIN</title>
+
+<para>
+If you are adding Samba servers to a Windows NT Domain then
+you must not set up a Samba server as a domain master browser.
+By default, a Windows NT Primary Domain Controller for a Domain
+name is also the Domain master browser for that name, and many
+things will break if a Samba server registers the Domain master
+browser NetBIOS name (<replaceable>DOMAIN</replaceable>&lt;1B&gt;)
+with WINS instead of the PDC.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+For subnets other than the one containing the Windows NT PDC
+you may set up Samba servers as local master browsers as
+described. To make a Samba server a local master browser set
+the following options in the <command>[global]</command> section
+of the &smb.conf; file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = no
+ local master = yes
+ preferred master = yes
+ os level = 65
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you wish to have a Samba server fight the election with machines
+on the same subnet you may set the <command>os level</command> parameter
+to lower levels. By doing this you can tune the order of machines that
+will become local master browsers if they are running. For
+more details on this see the section <link linkend="browse-force-master">
+Forcing samba to be the master browser</link>
+below.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you have Windows NT machines that are members of the domain
+on all subnets, and you are sure they will always be running then
+you can disable Samba from taking part in browser elections and
+ever becoming a local master browser by setting following options
+in the <command>[global]</command> section of the &smb.conf;
+file :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ domain master = no
+ local master = no
+ preferred master = no
+ os level = 0
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="browse-force-master">
+<title>Forcing samba to be the master</title>
+
+<para>
+Who becomes the <command>master browser</command> is determined by an election
+process using broadcasts. Each election packet contains a number of parameters
+which determine what precedence (bias) a host should have in the
+election. By default Samba uses a very low precedence and thus loses
+elections to just about anyone else.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want Samba to win elections then just set the <command>os level</command> global
+option in &smb.conf; to a higher number. It defaults to 0. Using 34
+would make it win all elections over every other system (except other
+samba systems!)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+A <command>os level</command> of 2 would make it beat WfWg and Win95, but not MS Windows
+NT/2K Server. A MS Windows NT/2K Server domain controller uses level 32.
+</para>
+
+<para>The maximum os level is 255</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want samba to force an election on startup, then set the
+<command>preferred master</command> global option in &smb.conf; to "yes". Samba will
+then have a slight advantage over other potential master browsers
+that are not preferred master browsers. Use this parameter with
+care, as if you have two hosts (whether they are windows 95 or NT or
+samba) on the same local subnet both set with <command>preferred master</command> to
+"yes", then periodically and continually they will force an election
+in order to become the local master browser.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want samba to be a <command>domain master browser</command>, then it is
+recommended that you also set <command>preferred master</command> to "yes", because
+samba will not become a domain master browser for the whole of your
+LAN or WAN if it is not also a local master browser on its own
+broadcast isolated subnet.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+It is possible to configure two samba servers to attempt to become
+the domain master browser for a domain. The first server that comes
+up will be the domain master browser. All other samba servers will
+attempt to become the domain master browser every 5 minutes. They
+will find that another samba server is already the domain master
+browser and will fail. This provides automatic redundancy, should
+the current domain master browser fail.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Making samba the domain master</title>
+
+<para>
+The domain master is responsible for collating the browse lists of
+multiple subnets so that browsing can occur between subnets. You can
+make samba act as the domain master by setting <command>domain master = yes</command>
+in &smb.conf;. By default it will not be a domain master.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Note that you should NOT set Samba to be the domain master for a
+workgroup that has the same name as an NT Domain.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+When samba is the domain master and the master browser it will listen
+for master announcements (made roughly every twelve minutes) from local
+master browsers on other subnets and then contact them to synchronise
+browse lists.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want samba to be the domain master then I suggest you also set
+the <command>os level</command> high enough to make sure it wins elections, and set
+<command>preferred master</command> to "yes", to get samba to force an election on
+startup.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Note that all your servers (including samba) and clients should be
+using a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. If your clients are only
+using broadcasting to resolve NetBIOS names, then two things will occur:
+</para>
+
+<orderedlist>
+<listitem>
+ <para>
+ your local master browsers will be unable to find a domain master
+ browser, as it will only be looking on the local subnet.
+ </para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+ <para>
+ if a client happens to get hold of a domain-wide browse list, and
+ a user attempts to access a host in that list, it will be unable to
+ resolve the NetBIOS name of that host.
+ </para>
+</listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+
+<para>
+If, however, both samba and your clients are using a WINS server, then:
+</para>
+
+<orderedlist>
+<listitem>
+ <para>
+ your local master browsers will contact the WINS server and, as long as
+ samba has registered that it is a domain master browser with the WINS
+ server, your local master browser will receive samba's ip address
+ as its domain master browser.
+ </para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+ <para>
+ when a client receives a domain-wide browse list, and a user attempts
+ to access a host in that list, it will contact the WINS server to
+ resolve the NetBIOS name of that host. as long as that host has
+ registered its NetBIOS name with the same WINS server, the user will
+ be able to see that host.
+ </para>
+</listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Note about broadcast addresses</title>
+
+<para>
+If your network uses a "0" based broadcast address (for example if it
+ends in a 0) then you will strike problems. Windows for Workgroups
+does not seem to support a 0's broadcast and you will probably find
+that browsing and name lookups won't work.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Multiple interfaces</title>
+
+<para>
+Samba now supports machines with multiple network interfaces. If you
+have multiple interfaces then you will need to use the <command>interfaces</command>
+option in &smb.conf; to configure them.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+<sect2>
+<title>Use of the <command>Remote Announce</command> parameter</title>
+<para>
+The <command>remote announce</command> parameter of
+<filename>smb.conf</filename> can be used to forcibly ensure
+that all the NetBIOS names on a network get announced to a remote network.
+The syntax of the <command>remote announce</command> parameter is:
+<programlisting>
+ remote announce = a.b.c.d [e.f.g.h] ...
+</programlisting>
+_or_
+<programlisting>
+ remote announce = a.b.c.d/WORKGROUP [e.f.g.h/WORKGROUP] ...
+</programlisting>
+
+where:
+<variablelist>
+<varlistentry><term><replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable> and
+<replaceable>e.f.g.h</replaceable></term>
+<listitem><para>is either the LMB (Local Master Browser) IP address
+or the broadcst address of the remote network.
+ie: the LMB is at 192.168.1.10, or the address
+could be given as 192.168.1.255 where the netmask
+is assumed to be 24 bits (255.255.255.0).
+When the remote announcement is made to the broadcast
+address of the remote network every host will receive
+our announcements. This is noisy and therefore
+undesirable but may be necessary if we do NOT know
+the IP address of the remote LMB.</para></listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+
+<varlistentry>
+<term><replaceable>WORKGROUP</replaceable></term>
+<listitem><para>is optional and can be either our own workgroup
+or that of the remote network. If you use the
+workgroup name of the remote network then our
+NetBIOS machine names will end up looking like
+they belong to that workgroup, this may cause
+name resolution problems and should be avoided.
+</para></listitem>
+</varlistentry>
+</variablelist>
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Use of the <command>Remote Browse Sync</command> parameter</title>
+
+<para>
+The <command>remote browse sync</command> parameter of
+<filename>smb.conf</filename> is used to announce to
+another LMB that it must synchronise it's NetBIOS name list with our
+Samba LMB. It works ONLY if the Samba server that has this option is
+simultaneously the LMB on it's network segment.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The syntax of the <command>remote browse sync</command> parameter is:
+
+<programlisting>
+remote browse sync = <replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable>
+</programlisting>
+
+where <replaceable>a.b.c.d</replaceable> is either the IP address of the
+remote LMB or else is the network broadcast address of the remote segment.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>WINS - The Windows Internetworking Name Server</title>
+
+<para>
+Use of WINS (either Samba WINS _or_ MS Windows NT Server WINS) is highly
+recommended. Every NetBIOS machine registers it's name together with a
+name_type value for each of of several types of service it has available.
+eg: It registers it's name directly as a unique (the type 0x03) name.
+It also registers it's name if it is running the lanmanager compatible
+server service (used to make shares and printers available to other users)
+by registering the server (the type 0x20) name.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+All NetBIOS names are up to 15 characters in length. The name_type variable
+is added to the end of the name - thus creating a 16 character name. Any
+name that is shorter than 15 characters is padded with spaces to the 15th
+character. ie: All NetBIOS names are 16 characters long (including the
+name_type information).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+WINS can store these 16 character names as they get registered. A client
+that wants to log onto the network can ask the WINS server for a list
+of all names that have registered the NetLogon service name_type. This saves
+broadcast traffic and greatly expedites logon processing. Since broadcast
+name resolution can not be used across network segments this type of
+information can only be provided via WINS _or_ via statically configured
+<filename>lmhosts</filename> files that must reside on all clients in the
+absence of WINS.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+WINS also serves the purpose of forcing browse list synchronisation by all
+LMB's. LMB's must synchronise their browse list with the DMB (domain master
+browser) and WINS helps the LMB to identify it's DMB. By definition this
+will work only within a single workgroup. Note that the domain master browser
+has NOTHING to do with what is referred to as an MS Windows NT Domain. The
+later is a reference to a security environment while the DMB refers to the
+master controller for browse list information only.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Use of WINS will work correctly only if EVERY client TCP/IP protocol stack
+has been configured to use the WINS server/s. Any client that has not been
+configured to use the WINS server will continue to use only broadcast based
+name registration so that WINS may NEVER get to know about it. In any case,
+machines that have not registered with a WINS server will fail name to address
+lookup attempts by other clients and will therefore cause workstation access
+errors.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+To configure Samba as a WINS server just add
+<command>wins support = yes</command> to the <filename>smb.conf</filename>
+file [globals] section.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+To configure Samba to register with a WINS server just add
+"wins server = a.b.c.d" to your smb.conf file [globals] section.
+</para>
+
+<important><para>
+Never use both <command>wins support = yes</command> together
+with <command>wins server = a.b.c.d</command>
+particularly not using it's own IP address.
+Specifying both will cause &nmbd; to refuse to start!
+</para></important>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Setting up a WINS server</title>
+
+<para>
+Either a Samba machine or a Windows NT Server machine may be set up
+as a WINS server. To set a Samba machine to be a WINS server you must
+add the following option to the &smb.conf; file on the selected machine :
+in the [globals] section add the line
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ wins support = yes
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Versions of Samba prior to 1.9.17 had this parameter default to
+yes. If you have any older versions of Samba on your network it is
+strongly suggested you upgrade to a recent version, or at the very
+least set the parameter to 'no' on all these machines.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Machines with <command>wins support = yes</command> will keep a list of
+all NetBIOS names registered with them, acting as a DNS for NetBIOS names.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You should set up only ONE wins server. Do NOT set the
+<command>wins support = yes</command> option on more than one Samba
+server.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+To set up a Windows NT Server as a WINS server you need to set up
+the WINS service - see your NT documentation for details. Note that
+Windows NT WINS Servers can replicate to each other, allowing more
+than one to be set up in a complex subnet environment. As Microsoft
+refuse to document these replication protocols Samba cannot currently
+participate in these replications. It is possible in the future that
+a Samba->Samba WINS replication protocol may be defined, in which
+case more than one Samba machine could be set up as a WINS server
+but currently only one Samba server should have the
+<command>wins support = yes</command> parameter set.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+After the WINS server has been configured you must ensure that all
+machines participating on the network are configured with the address
+of this WINS server. If your WINS server is a Samba machine, fill in
+the Samba machine IP address in the "Primary WINS Server" field of
+the "Control Panel->Network->Protocols->TCP->WINS Server" dialogs
+in Windows 95 or Windows NT. To tell a Samba server the IP address
+of the WINS server add the following line to the [global] section of
+all &smb.conf; files :
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>
+ wins server = &lt;name or IP address&gt;
+</programlisting>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+where &gt;name or IP address&lt; is either the DNS name of the WINS server
+machine or its IP address.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Note that this line MUST NOT BE SET in the &smb.conf; file of the Samba
+server acting as the WINS server itself. If you set both the
+<command>wins support = yes</command> option and the
+<command>wins server = &lt;name&gt;</command> option then
+nmbd will fail to start.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+There are two possible scenarios for setting up cross subnet browsing.
+The first details setting up cross subnet browsing on a network containing
+Windows 95, Samba and Windows NT machines that are not configured as
+part of a Windows NT Domain. The second details setting up cross subnet
+browsing on networks that contain NT Domains.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>WINS Replication</title>
+
+<para>
+Samba-3 permits WINS replication through the use of the <filename>wrepld</filename> utility.
+This tool is not currently capable of being used as it is still in active development.
+As soon as this tool becomes moderately functional we will prepare man pages and enhance this
+section of the documentation to provide usage and technical details.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+<sect2>
+<title>Static WINS Entries</title>
+
+<para>
+New to Samba-3 is a tool called <filename>winsedit</filename> that may be used to add
+static WINS entries to the WINS database. This tool can be used also to modify entries
+existing in the WINS database.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The development of the winsedit tool was made necessary due to the migration
+of the older style wins.dat file into a new tdb binary backend data store.
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Helpful Hints</title>
+
+<para>
+The following hints should be carefully considered as they are stumbling points
+for many new network administrators.
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Windows Networking Protocols</title>
+
+<warning><para>
+Do NOT use more than one (1) protocol on MS Windows machines
+</para></warning>
+
+<para>
+A very common cause of browsing problems results from installing more than
+one protocol on an MS Windows machine.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Every NetBIOS machine takes part in a process of electing the LMB (and DMB)
+every 15 minutes. A set of election criteria is used to determine the order
+of precidence for winning this election process. A machine running Samba or
+Windows NT will be biased so that the most suitable machine will predictably
+win and thus retain it's role.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The election process is "fought out" so to speak over every NetBIOS network
+interface. In the case of a Windows 9x machine that has both TCP/IP and IPX
+installed and has NetBIOS enabled over both protocols the election will be
+decided over both protocols. As often happens, if the Windows 9x machine is
+the only one with both protocols then the LMB may be won on the NetBIOS
+interface over the IPX protocol. Samba will then lose the LMB role as Windows
+9x will insist it knows who the LMB is. Samba will then cease to function
+as an LMB and thus browse list operation on all TCP/IP only machines will
+fail.
+</para>
+
+<para><emphasis>
+Windows 95, 98, 98se, Me are referred to generically as Windows 9x.
+The Windows NT4, 2000, XP and 2003 use common protocols. These are roughly
+referred to as the WinNT family, but it should be recognised that 2000 and
+XP/2003 introduce new protocol extensions that cause them to behave
+differently from MS Windows NT4. Generally, where a server does NOT support
+the newer or extended protocol, these will fall back to the NT4 protocols.
+</emphasis></para>
+
+<para>
+The safest rule of all to follow it this - USE ONLY ONE PROTOCOL!
+</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Name Resolution Order</title>
+
+<para>
+Resolution of NetBIOS names to IP addresses can take place using a number
+of methods. The only ones that can provide NetBIOS name_type information
+are:</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+ <member>WINS: the best tool!</member>
+ <member>LMHOSTS: is static and hard to maintain.</member>
+ <member>Broadcast: uses UDP and can not resolve names across remote segments.</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+Alternative means of name resolution includes:</para>
+<simplelist>
+<member>/etc/hosts: is static, hard to maintain, and lacks name_type info</member>
+<member>DNS: is a good choice but lacks essential name_type info.</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+Many sites want to restrict DNS lookups and want to avoid broadcast name
+resolution traffic. The "name resolve order" parameter is of great help here.
+The syntax of the "name resolve order" parameter is:
+<programlisting>
+name resolve order = wins lmhosts bcast host
+</programlisting>
+_or_
+<programlisting>
+name resolve order = wins lmhosts (eliminates bcast and host)
+</programlisting>
+The default is:
+<programlisting>
+name resolve order = host lmhost wins bcast
+</programlisting>.
+where "host" refers the the native methods used by the Unix system
+to implement the gethostbyname() function call. This is normally
+controlled by <filename>/etc/host.conf</filename>, <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> and <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Technical Overview of browsing</title>
<para>
SMB networking provides a mechanism by which clients can access a list
@@ -40,9 +920,7 @@ WINS allows remote segment clients to obtain NetBIOS name_type information
that can NOT be provided by any other means of name resolution.
</para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
+<sect2>
<title>Browsing support in samba</title>
<para>
@@ -91,9 +969,9 @@ used for 'unusual' purposes: announcements over the internet, for
example. See <command>remote announce</command> in the
&smb.conf; man page.
</para>
-</sect1>
+</sect2>
-<sect1>
+<sect2>
<title>Problem resolution</title>
<para>
@@ -130,9 +1008,9 @@ The other big problem people have is that their broadcast address,
netmask or IP address is wrong (specified with the "interfaces" option
in &smb.conf;)
</para>
-</sect1>
+</sect2>
-<sect1>
+<sect2>
<title>Browsing across subnets</title>
<para>
Since the release of Samba 1.9.17(alpha1) Samba has been
@@ -163,7 +1041,7 @@ of a WINS server given to them by a DHCP server, or by manual configuration
settings) for Samba this is in the &smb.conf; file.
</para>
-<sect2>
+<sect3>
<title>How does cross subnet browsing work ?</title>
<para>
@@ -403,405 +1281,8 @@ If either router R1 or R2 fails the following will occur:
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
+</sect3>
</sect2>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Setting up a WINS server</title>
-
-<para>
-Either a Samba machine or a Windows NT Server machine may be set up
-as a WINS server. To set a Samba machine to be a WINS server you must
-add the following option to the &smb.conf; file on the selected machine :
-in the [globals] section add the line
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<command> wins support = yes</command>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Versions of Samba prior to 1.9.17 had this parameter default to
-yes. If you have any older versions of Samba on your network it is
-strongly suggested you upgrade to a recent version, or at the very
-least set the parameter to 'no' on all these machines.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Machines with <command>wins support = yes</command> will keep a list of
-all NetBIOS names registered with them, acting as a DNS for NetBIOS names.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-You should set up only ONE wins server. Do NOT set the
-<command>wins support = yes</command> option on more than one Samba
-server.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-To set up a Windows NT Server as a WINS server you need to set up
-the WINS service - see your NT documentation for details. Note that
-Windows NT WINS Servers can replicate to each other, allowing more
-than one to be set up in a complex subnet environment. As Microsoft
-refuse to document these replication protocols Samba cannot currently
-participate in these replications. It is possible in the future that
-a Samba->Samba WINS replication protocol may be defined, in which
-case more than one Samba machine could be set up as a WINS server
-but currently only one Samba server should have the
-<command>wins support = yes</command> parameter set.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-After the WINS server has been configured you must ensure that all
-machines participating on the network are configured with the address
-of this WINS server. If your WINS server is a Samba machine, fill in
-the Samba machine IP address in the "Primary WINS Server" field of
-the "Control Panel->Network->Protocols->TCP->WINS Server" dialogs
-in Windows 95 or Windows NT. To tell a Samba server the IP address
-of the WINS server add the following line to the [global] section of
-all &smb.conf; files :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<command>wins server = &gt;name or IP address&lt;</command>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-where &gt;name or IP address&lt; is either the DNS name of the WINS server
-machine or its IP address.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Note that this line MUST NOT BE SET in the &smb.conf; file of the Samba
-server acting as the WINS server itself. If you set both the
-<command>wins support = yes</command> option and the
-<command>wins server = &lt;name&gt;</command> option then
-nmbd will fail to start.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-There are two possible scenarios for setting up cross subnet browsing.
-The first details setting up cross subnet browsing on a network containing
-Windows 95, Samba and Windows NT machines that are not configured as
-part of a Windows NT Domain. The second details setting up cross subnet
-browsing on networks that contain NT Domains.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Setting up Browsing in a WORKGROUP</title>
-
-<para>
-To set up cross subnet browsing on a network containing machines
-in up to be in a WORKGROUP, not an NT Domain you need to set up one
-Samba server to be the Domain Master Browser (note that this is *NOT*
-the same as a Primary Domain Controller, although in an NT Domain the
-same machine plays both roles). The role of a Domain master browser is
-to collate the browse lists from local master browsers on all the
-subnets that have a machine participating in the workgroup. Without
-one machine configured as a domain master browser each subnet would
-be an isolated workgroup, unable to see any machines on any other
-subnet. It is the presense of a domain master browser that makes
-cross subnet browsing possible for a workgroup.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-In an WORKGROUP environment the domain master browser must be a
-Samba server, and there must only be one domain master browser per
-workgroup name. To set up a Samba server as a domain master browser,
-set the following option in the [global] section of the &smb.conf; file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<command>domain master = yes</command>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The domain master browser should also preferrably be the local master
-browser for its own subnet. In order to achieve this set the following
-options in the [global] section of the &smb.conf; file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<programlisting>
-domain master = yes
-local master = yes
-preferred master = yes
-os level = 65
-</programlisting>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The domain master browser may be the same machine as the WINS
-server, if you require.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Next, you should ensure that each of the subnets contains a
-machine that can act as a local master browser for the
-workgroup. Any MS Windows NT/2K/XP/2003 machine should be
-able to do this, as will Windows 9x machines (although these
-tend to get rebooted more often, so it's not such a good idea
-to use these). To make a Samba server a local master browser
-set the following options in the [global] section of the
-&smb.conf; file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<programlisting>
-domain master = no
-local master = yes
-preferred master = yes
-os level = 65
-</programlisting>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Do not do this for more than one Samba server on each subnet,
-or they will war with each other over which is to be the local
-master browser.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The <command>local master</command> parameter allows Samba to act as a
-local master browser. The <command>preferred master</command> causes nmbd
-to force a browser election on startup and the <command>os level</command>
-parameter sets Samba high enough so that it should win any browser elections.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you have an NT machine on the subnet that you wish to
-be the local master browser then you can disable Samba from
-becoming a local master browser by setting the following
-options in the <command>[global]</command> section of the
-&smb.conf; file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<programlisting>
-domain master = no
-local master = no
-preferred master = no
-os level = 0
-</programlisting>
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Setting up Browsing in a DOMAIN</title>
-
-<para>
-If you are adding Samba servers to a Windows NT Domain then
-you must not set up a Samba server as a domain master browser.
-By default, a Windows NT Primary Domain Controller for a Domain
-name is also the Domain master browser for that name, and many
-things will break if a Samba server registers the Domain master
-browser NetBIOS name (<replaceable>DOMAIN</replaceable>&lt;1B&gt;)
-with WINS instead of the PDC.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-For subnets other than the one containing the Windows NT PDC
-you may set up Samba servers as local master browsers as
-described. To make a Samba server a local master browser set
-the following options in the <command>[global]</command> section
-of the &smb.conf; file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<programlisting>
-domain master = no
-local master = yes
-preferred master = yes
-os level = 65
-</programlisting>
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you wish to have a Samba server fight the election with machines
-on the same subnet you may set the <command>os level</command> parameter
-to lower levels. By doing this you can tune the order of machines that
-will become local master browsers if they are running. For
-more details on this see the section <link linkend="browse-force-master">
-Forcing samba to be the master browser</link>
-below.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you have Windows NT machines that are members of the domain
-on all subnets, and you are sure they will always be running then
-you can disable Samba from taking part in browser elections and
-ever becoming a local master browser by setting following options
-in the <command>[global]</command> section of the &smb.conf;
-file :
-</para>
-
-<para>
-<command>
- domain master = no
- local master = no
- preferred master = no
- os level = 0
-</command>
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1 id="browse-force-master">
-<title>Forcing samba to be the master</title>
-
-<para>
-Who becomes the <command>master browser</command> is determined by an election
-process using broadcasts. Each election packet contains a number of parameters
-which determine what precedence (bias) a host should have in the
-election. By default Samba uses a very low precedence and thus loses
-elections to just about anyone else.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you want Samba to win elections then just set the <command>os level</command> global
-option in &smb.conf; to a higher number. It defaults to 0. Using 34
-would make it win all elections over every other system (except other
-samba systems!)
-</para>
-
-<para>
-A <command>os level</command> of 2 would make it beat WfWg and Win95, but not MS Windows
-NT/2K Server. A MS Windows NT/2K Server domain controller uses level 32.
-</para>
-
-<para>The maximum os level is 255</para>
-<para>
-If you want samba to force an election on startup, then set the
-<command>preferred master</command> global option in &smb.conf; to "yes". Samba will
-then have a slight advantage over other potential master browsers
-that are not preferred master browsers. Use this parameter with
-care, as if you have two hosts (whether they are windows 95 or NT or
-samba) on the same local subnet both set with <command>preferred master</command> to
-"yes", then periodically and continually they will force an election
-in order to become the local master browser.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you want samba to be a <command>domain master browser</command>, then it is
-recommended that you also set <command>preferred master</command> to "yes", because
-samba will not become a domain master browser for the whole of your
-LAN or WAN if it is not also a local master browser on its own
-broadcast isolated subnet.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-It is possible to configure two samba servers to attempt to become
-the domain master browser for a domain. The first server that comes
-up will be the domain master browser. All other samba servers will
-attempt to become the domain master browser every 5 minutes. They
-will find that another samba server is already the domain master
-browser and will fail. This provides automatic redundancy, should
-the current domain master browser fail.
-</para>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Making samba the domain master</title>
-
-<para>
-The domain master is responsible for collating the browse lists of
-multiple subnets so that browsing can occur between subnets. You can
-make samba act as the domain master by setting <command>domain master = yes</command>
-in &smb.conf;. By default it will not be a domain master.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Note that you should NOT set Samba to be the domain master for a
-workgroup that has the same name as an NT Domain.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-When samba is the domain master and the master browser it will listen
-for master announcements (made roughly every twelve minutes) from local
-master browsers on other subnets and then contact them to synchronise
-browse lists.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-If you want samba to be the domain master then I suggest you also set
-the <command>os level</command> high enough to make sure it wins elections, and set
-<command>preferred master</command> to "yes", to get samba to force an election on
-startup.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Note that all your servers (including samba) and clients should be
-using a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. If your clients are only
-using broadcasting to resolve NetBIOS names, then two things will occur:
-</para>
-
-<orderedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- your local master browsers will be unable to find a domain master
- browser, as it will only be looking on the local subnet.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-
-<listitem>
- <para>
- if a client happens to get hold of a domain-wide browse list, and
- a user attempts to access a host in that list, it will be unable to
- resolve the NetBIOS name of that host.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-</orderedlist>
-
-<para>
-If, however, both samba and your clients are using a WINS server, then:
-</para>
-
-<orderedlist>
-<listitem>
- <para>
- your local master browsers will contact the WINS server and, as long as
- samba has registered that it is a domain master browser with the WINS
- server, your local master browser will receive samba's ip address
- as its domain master browser.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-
-<listitem>
- <para>
- when a client receives a domain-wide browse list, and a user attempts
- to access a host in that list, it will contact the WINS server to
- resolve the NetBIOS name of that host. as long as that host has
- registered its NetBIOS name with the same WINS server, the user will
- be able to see that host.
- </para>
-</listitem>
-</orderedlist>
-
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Note about broadcast addresses</title>
-
-<para>
-If your network uses a "0" based broadcast address (for example if it
-ends in a 0) then you will strike problems. Windows for Workgroups
-does not seem to support a 0's broadcast and you will probably find
-that browsing and name lookups won't work.
-</para>
-</sect1>
-
-<sect1>
-<title>Multiple interfaces</title>
-
-<para>
-Samba now supports machines with multiple network interfaces. If you
-have multiple interfaces then you will need to use the <command>interfaces</command>
-option in &smb.conf; to configure them.
-</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/samba-doc.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/samba-doc.sgml
index a0fc27fcb0..5c3793a1ba 100644
--- a/docs/docbook/projdoc/samba-doc.sgml
+++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/samba-doc.sgml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ PLEASE read this.</para>
</partintro>
&IntroSMB;
&UNIX-INSTALL;
-&BROWSING-Quick;
+&NetworkBrowsing;
&Passdb;
</part>
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ for various environments.
&VFS;
&MS-Dfs-Setup;
&IntegratingWithWindows;
-&BROWSING;
&SecuringSamba;
&unicode;
&locking;