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authorGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-02-20 03:24:32 +0000
committerGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-02-20 03:24:32 +0000
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+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
+<refentry id="nmbd">
+
+<refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>nmbd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+</refmeta>
+
+
+<refnamediv>
+ <refname>nmbd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>NetBIOS name server to provide NetBIOS
+ over IP naming services to clients</refpurpose>
+</refnamediv>
+
+<refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>smbd</command>
+ <arg choice="opt">-D</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-a</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-o</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-P</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-h</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-V</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-d &lt;debug level&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-H &lt;lmhosts file&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-l &lt;log file&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-n &lt;primary netbios name&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-p &lt;port number&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-s &lt;configuration file&gt;</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+</refsynopsisdiv>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+ <para>This program is part of the Samba suite.</para>
+
+ <para><command>nmbd</command> is a server that understands
+ and can reply to NetBIOS over IP name service requests, like
+ those produced by SMBD/CIFS clients such as Windows 95/98/ME,
+ Windows NT, Windows 2000, and LanManager clients. It also
+ participates in the browsing protocols which make up the
+ Windows &quot;Network Neighborhood&quot; view.</para>
+
+ <para>SMB/CIFS clients, when they start up, may wish to
+ locate an SMB/CIFS server. That is, they wish to know what
+ IP number a specified host is using.</para>
+
+ <para>Amongst other services, <command>nmbd</command> will
+ listen for such requests, and if its own NetBIOS name is
+ specified it will respond with the IP number of the host it
+ is running on. Its &quot;own NetBIOS name&quot; is by
+ default the primary DNS name of the host it is running on,
+ but this can be overridden with the <emphasis>-n</emphasis>
+ option (see OPTIONS below). Thus <command>nmbd</command> will
+ reply to broadcast queries for its own name(s). Additional
+ names for <command>nmbd</command> to respond on can be set
+ via parameters in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> configuration file.</para>
+
+ <para><command>nmbd</command> can also be used as a WINS
+ (Windows Internet Name Server) server. What this basically means
+ is that it will act as a WINS database server, creating a
+ database from name registration requests that it receives and
+ replying to queries from clients for these names.</para>
+
+ <para>In addition, <command>nmbd</command> can act as a WINS
+ proxy, relaying broadcast queries from clients that do
+ not understand how to talk the WINS protocol to a WIN
+ server.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>OPTIONS</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-D</term>
+ <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
+ <command>nmbd</command> to operate as a daemon. That is,
+ it detaches itself and runs in the background, fielding
+ requests on the appropriate port. By default, <command>nmbd</command>
+ will operate as a daemon if launched from a command shell.
+ nmbd can also be operated from the <command>inetd</command>
+ meta-daemon, although this is not recommended.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-a</term>
+ <listitem><para>If this parameter is specified, each new
+ connection will append log messages to the log file.
+ This is the default.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-o</term>
+ <listitem><para>If this parameter is specified, the
+ log files will be overwritten when opened. By default,
+ <command>smbd</command> will append entries to the log
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-h</term>
+ <listitem><para>Prints the help information (usage)
+ for <command>nmbd</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-H &lt;filename&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>NetBIOS lmhosts file. The lmhosts
+ file is a list of NetBIOS names to IP addresses that
+ is loaded by the nmbd server and used via the name
+ resolution mechanism <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#nameresolveorder">
+ name resolve order</ulink> described in <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html"> <filename>smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink>
+ to resolve any NetBIOS name queries needed by the server. Note
+ that the contents of this file are <emphasis>NOT</emphasis>
+ used by <command>nmbd</command> to answer any name queries.
+ Adding a line to this file affects name NetBIOS resolution
+ from this host <emphasis>ONLY</emphasis>.</para>
+
+ <para>The default path to this file is compiled into
+ Samba as part of the build process. Common defaults
+ are <filename>/usr/local/samba/lib/lmhosts</filename>,
+ <filename>/usr/samba/lib/lmhosts</filename> or
+ <filename>/etc/lmhosts</filename>. See the <ulink url="lmhosts.5.html">
+ <filename>lmhosts(5)</filename></ulink> man page for details on the
+ contents of this file.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-V</term>
+ <listitem><para>Prints the version number for
+ <command>nmbd</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-d &lt;debug level&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>debuglevel is an integer
+ from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is
+ not specified is zero.</para>
+
+ <para>The higher this value, the more detail will
+ be logged to the log files about the activities of the
+ server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
+ warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for
+ day to day running - it generates a small amount of
+ information about operations carried out.</para>
+
+ <para>Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts
+ of log data, and should only be used when investigating
+ a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for use only by developers
+ and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most of which is extremely
+ cryptic.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that specifying this parameter here will override
+ the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#loglevel">log level</ulink>
+ parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf</filename></ulink> file.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-l &lt;log file&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>The -l parameter specifies a path
+ and base filename into which operational data from
+ the running <command>nmbd</command> server will
+ be logged. The actual log file name is generated by
+ appending the extension &quot;.nmb&quot; to the specified base
+ name. For example, if the name specified was &quot;log&quot;
+ then the file log.nmb would contain the debugging data.</para>
+
+ <para>The default log file path is compiled into Samba as
+ part of the build process. Common defaults are <filename>
+ /usr/local/samba/var/log.nmb</filename>, <filename>
+ /usr/samba/var/log.nmb</filename> or
+ <filename>/var/log/log.nmb</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-n &lt;primary NetBIOS name&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>This option allows you to override
+ the NetBIOS name that Samba uses for itself. This is identical
+ to setting the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#netbiosname">
+ NetBIOS name</ulink> parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html">
+ <filename>smb.conf</filename></ulink> file. However, a command
+ line setting will take precedence over settings in
+ <filename>smb.conf</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-p &lt;UDP port number&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>UDP port number is a positive integer value.
+ This option changes the default UDP port number (normally 137)
+ that <command>nmbd</command> responds to name queries on. Don't
+ use this option unless you are an expert, in which case you
+ won't need help!</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-s &lt;configuration file&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>The default configuration file name
+ is set at build time, typically as <filename>
+ /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</filename>, but
+ this may be changed when Samba is autoconfigured.</para>
+
+ <para>The file specified contains the configuration details
+ required by the server. See <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html">
+ <filename>smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>FILES</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>If the server is to be run by the
+ <command>inetd</command> meta-daemon, this file
+ must contain suitable startup information for the
+ meta-daemon. See the section INSTALLATION below.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/rc</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>or whatever initialization script your
+ system uses).</para>
+
+ <para>If running the server as a daemon at startup,
+ this file will need to contain an appropriate startup
+ sequence for the server. See the section INSTALLATION
+ below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/services</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>If running the server via the
+ meta-daemon <command>inetd</command>, this file
+ must contain a mapping of service name (e.g., netbios-ssn)
+ to service port (e.g., 139) and protocol type (e.g., tcp).
+ See the section INSTALLATION below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>This is the default location of the
+ <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf</filename></ulink>
+ server configuration file. Other common places that systems
+ install this file are <filename>/usr/samba/lib/smb.conf</filename>
+ and <filename>/etc/smb.conf</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>When run as a WINS server (see the
+ <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#winssupport">wins support</ulink>
+ parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> man page), <command>nmbd</command>
+ will store the WINS database in the file <filename>wins.dat</filename>
+ in the <filename>var/locks</filename> directory configured under
+ wherever Samba was configured to install itself.</para>
+
+ <para>If <command>nmbd</command> is acting as a <emphasis>
+ browse master</emphasis> (see the <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html#localmaster">local master</ulink>
+ parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> man page), <command>nmbd</command>
+ will store the browsing database in the file <filename>browse.dat
+ </filename> in the <filename>var/locks</filename> directory
+ configured under wherever Samba was configured to install itself.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>SIGNALS</title>
+
+ <para>To shut down an <command>nmbd</command> process it is recommended
+ that SIGKILL (-9) <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> be used, except as a last
+ resort, as this may leave the name database in an inconsistent state.
+ The correct way to terminate <command>nmbd</command> is to send it
+ a SIGTERM (-15) signal and wait for it to die on its own.</para>
+
+ <para><command>nmbd</command> will accept SIGHUP, which will cause
+ it to dump out it's namelists into the file <filename>namelist.debug
+ </filename> in the <filename>/usr/local/samba/var/locks</filename>
+ directory (or the <filename>var/locks</filename> directory configured
+ under wherever Samba was configured to install itself). This will also
+ cause <command>nmbd</command> to dump out it's server database in
+ the <filename>log.nmb</filename> file. In addition, the debug log level
+ of nmbd may be raised by sending it a SIGUSR1 (<command>kill -USR1
+ &lt;nmbd-pid&gt;</command>) and lowered by sending it a
+ SIGUSR2 (<command>kill -USR2 &lt;nmbd-pid&gt;</command>). This is to
+ allow transient problems to be diagnosed, whilst still running at a
+ normally low log level.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>VERSION</title>
+
+ <para>This man page is correct for version 2.2 of
+ the Samba suite.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para><command>inetd(8)</command>, <ulink
+ url="smbd.8.html"><command>smbd(8)</command></ulink>,
+ <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf(5)</filename>
+ </ulink>, <ulink url="smbclient.1.html"><command>smbclient(1)
+ </command></ulink>, <ulink url="testparm.1.html"><command>
+ testparm(1)</command></ulink>, <ulink url="testprns.1.html">
+ <command>testprns(1)</command></ulink>, and the Internet RFC's
+ <filename>rfc1001.txt</filename>, <filename>rfc1002.txt</filename>.
+ In addition the CIFS (formerly SMB) specification is available
+ as a link from the Web page <ulink url="http://samba.org/cifs/">
+ http://samba.org/cifs/</ulink>.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>AUTHOR</title>
+
+ <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
+ were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
+ by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
+ to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
+
+ <para>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer.
+ The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another
+ excellent piece of Open Source software, available at
+ <ulink url="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/">
+ ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</ulink>) and updated for the Samba 2.0
+ release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for
+ Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/docs/docbook/smbd.8.sgml b/docs/docbook/smbd.8.sgml
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+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN">
+<refentry id="smbd">
+
+<refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>smbd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+</refmeta>
+
+
+<refnamediv>
+ <refname>smbd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>server to provide SMB/CIFS services to clients</refpurpose>
+</refnamediv>
+
+<refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>smbd</command>
+ <arg choice="opt">-D</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-a</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-o</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-P</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-h</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-V</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-d &lt;debug level&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-l &lt;log file&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-p &lt;port number&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-O &lt;socket option&gt;</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt">-s &lt;configuration file&gt;</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+</refsynopsisdiv>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+ <para>This program is part of the Samba suite.</para>
+
+ <para><command>smbd</command> is the server daemon that
+ provides filesharing and printing services to Windows clients.
+ The server provides filespace and printer services to
+ clients using the SMB (or CIFS) protocol. This is compatible
+ with the LanManager protocol, and can service LanManager
+ clients. These include MSCLIENT 3.0 for DOS, Windows for
+ Workgroups, Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000,
+ OS/2, DAVE for Macintosh, and smbfs for Linux.</para>
+
+ <para>An extensive description of the services that the
+ server can provide is given in the man page for the
+ configuration file controlling the attributes of those
+ services (see <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf(5)
+ </filename></ulink>. This man page will not describe the
+ services, but will concentrate on the administrative aspects
+ of running the server.</para>
+
+ <para>Please note that there are significant security
+ implications to running this server, and the <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink>
+ manpage should be regarded as mandatory reading before
+ proceeding with installation.</para>
+
+ <para>A session is created whenever a client requests one.
+ Each client gets a copy of the server for each session. This
+ copy then services all connections made by the client during
+ that session. When all connections from its client are closed,
+ the copy of the server for that client terminates.</para>
+
+ <para>The configuration file, and any files that it includes,
+ are automatically reloaded every minute, if they change. You
+ can force a reload by sending a SIGHUP to the server. Reloading
+ the configuration file will not affect connections to any service
+ that is already established. Either the user will have to
+ disconnect from the service, or smbd killed and restarted.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>OPTIONS</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-D</term>
+ <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
+ the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
+ itself and runs in the background, fielding requests
+ on the appropriate port. Operating the server as a
+ daemon is the recommended way of running smbd for
+ servers that provide more than casual use file and
+ print services. This switch is assumed is <command>smbd
+ </command> is executed on the command line of a shell.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-a</term>
+ <listitem><para>If this parameter is specified, each new
+ connection will append log messages to the log file.
+ This is the default.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-o</term>
+ <listitem><para>If this parameter is specified, the
+ log files will be overwritten when opened. By default,
+ <command>smbd</command> will append entries to the log
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-P</term>
+ <listitem><para>Passive option. Causes smbd not to
+ send any network traffic out. Used for debugging by
+ the developers only.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-h</term>
+ <listitem><para>Prints the help information (usage)
+ for <command>smbd</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-v</term>
+ <listitem><para>Prints the version number for
+ <command>smbd</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-d &lt;debug level&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>debuglevel is an integer
+ from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is
+ not specified is zero.</para>
+
+ <para>The higher this value, the more detail will be
+ logged to the log files about the activities of the
+ server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
+ warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for
+ day to day running - it generates a small amount of
+ information about operations carried out.</para>
+
+ <para>Levels above 1 will generate considerable
+ amounts of log data, and should only be used when
+ investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for
+ use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log
+ data, most of which is extremely cryptic.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that specifying this parameter here will
+ override the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#loglevel">log
+ level</ulink> parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html">
+ <filename>smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> file.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-l &lt;log file&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>If specified, <emphasis>log file</emphasis>
+ specifies a log filename into which informational and debug
+ messages from the running server will be logged. The log
+ file generated is never removed by the server although
+ its size may be controlled by the <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html#maxlogsize">max log size</ulink>
+ option in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> file. The default log
+ file name is specified at compile time.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-O &lt;socket options&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>See the <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html#socketoptions">socket options</ulink>
+ parameter in the <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf(5)
+ </filename></ulink> file for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-p &lt;port number&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>port number is a positive integer
+ value. The default value if this parameter is not
+ specified is 139.</para>
+
+ <para>This number is the port number that will be
+ used when making connections to the server from client
+ software. The standard (well-known) port number for the
+ SMB over TCP is 139, hence the default. If you wish to
+ run the server as an ordinary user rather than
+ as root, most systems will require you to use a port
+ number greater than 1024 - ask your system administrator
+ for help if you are in this situation.</para>
+
+ <para>In order for the server to be useful by most
+ clients, should you configure it on a port other
+ than 139, you will require port redirection services
+ on port 139, details of which are outlined in rfc1002.txt
+ section 4.3.5.</para>
+
+ <para>This parameter is not normally specified except
+ in the above situation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-s &lt;configuration file&gt;</term>
+ <listitem><para>The file specified contains the
+ configuration details required by the server. The
+ information in this file includes server-specific
+ information such as what printcap file to use, as well
+ as descriptions of all the services that the server is
+ to provide. See <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>
+ smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> for more information.
+ The default configuration file name is determined at
+ compile time.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>FILES</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>If the server is to be run by the
+ <command>inetd</command> meta-daemon, this file
+ must contain suitable startup information for the
+ meta-daemon. See the section INSTALLATION below.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/rc</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>or whatever initialization script your
+ system uses).</para>
+
+ <para>If running the server as a daemon at startup,
+ this file will need to contain an appropriate startup
+ sequence for the server. See the section INSTALLATION
+ below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/etc/services</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>If running the server via the
+ meta-daemon <command>inetd</command>, this file
+ must contain a mapping of service name (e.g., netbios-ssn)
+ to service port (e.g., 139) and protocol type (e.g., tcp).
+ See the section INSTALLATION below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</filename></term>
+ <listitem><para>This is the default location of the
+ <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf</filename></ulink>
+ server configuration file. Other common places that systems
+ install this file are <filename>/usr/samba/lib/smb.conf</filename>
+ and <filename>/etc/smb.conf</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>This file describes all the services the server
+ is to make available to clients. See <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html">
+ <filename>smb.conf(5)</filename></ulink> for more information.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>LIMITATIONS</title>
+ <para>On some systems <command>smbd</command> cannot change uid back
+ to root after a setuid() call. Such systems are called
+ &quot;trapdoor&quot; uid systems. If you have such a system,
+ you will be unable to connect from a client (such as a PC) as
+ two different users at once. Attempts to connect the
+ second user will result in &quot;access denied&quot; or
+ similar.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>ENVIRONMENTVARIABLES</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>PRINTER</term>
+ <listitem><para>If no printer name is specified to
+ printable services, most systems will use the value of
+ this variable (or &quot;lp&quot; if this variable is
+ not defined) as the name of the printer to use. This
+ is not specific to the server, however.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>INSTALLATION</title>
+
+ <para>The location of the server and its support files
+ is a matter for individual system administrators. The following
+ are thus suggestions only.</para>
+
+ <para>It is recommended that the server software be installed
+ under the <filename>/usr/local/samba/</filename> hierarchy,
+ in a directory readable by all, writeable only by root. The server
+ program itself should be executable by all, as users may wish to
+ run the server themselves (in which case it will of course run
+ with their privileges). The server should NOT be setuid. On some
+ systems it may be worthwhile to make smbd setgid to an empty group.
+ This is because some systems may have a security hole where daemon
+ processes that become a user can be attached to with a debugger.
+ Making the smbd file setgid to an empty group may prevent
+ this hole from being exploited. This security hole and the suggested
+ fix has only been confirmed on old versions (pre-kernel 2.0) of Linux
+ at the time this was written. It is possible that this hole only
+ exists in Linux, as testing on other systems has thus far shown them
+ to be immune.</para>
+
+ <para>The server log files should be put in a directory readable and
+ writeable only by root, as the log files may contain sensitive
+ information.</para>
+
+ <para>The configuration file should be placed in a directory
+ readable and writeable only by root, as the configuration file
+ controls security for the services offered by the server. The
+ configuration file can be made readable by all if desired, but
+ this is not necessary for correct operation of the server and is
+ not recommended. A sample configuration file <filename>smb.conf.sample
+ </filename> is supplied with the source to the server - this may
+ be renamed to <filename>smb.conf</filename> and modified to suit
+ your needs.</para>
+
+ <para>The remaining notes will assume the following:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><command>smbd</command> (the server program)
+ installed in <filename>/usr/local/samba/bin</filename></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para><filename>smb.conf</filename> (the configuration
+ file) installed in <filename>/usr/local/samba/lib</filename></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>log files stored in <filename>/var/adm/smblogs
+ </filename></para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>The server may be run either as a daemon by users
+ or at startup, or it may be run from a meta-daemon such as
+ <command>inetd</command> upon request. If run as a daemon,
+ the server will always be ready, so starting sessions will be
+ faster. If run from a meta-daemon some memory will be saved and
+ utilities such as the tcpd TCP-wrapper may be used for extra
+ security. For serious use as file server it is recommended
+ that <command>smbd</command> be run as a daemon.</para>
+
+ <para>When you've decided, continue with either</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>RUNNING THE SERVER AS A DAEMON or</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>RUNNING THE SERVER ON REQUEST.</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>RUNNING THE SERVER AS A DAEMON</title>
+
+ <para>To run the server as a daemon from the command
+ line, simply put the <emphasis>-D</emphasis> option on the
+ command line. There is no need to place an ampersand at
+ the end of the command line - the <emphasis>-D</emphasis>
+ option causes the server to detach itself from the tty
+ anyway.</para>
+
+ <para>Any user can run the server as a daemon (execute
+ permissions permitting, of course). This is useful for
+ testing purposes, and may even be useful as a temporary
+ substitute for something like ftp. When run this way, however,
+ the server will only have the privileges of the user who ran
+ it.</para>
+
+ <para>To ensure that the server is run as a daemon whenever
+ the machine is started, and to ensure that it runs as root
+ so that it can serve multiple clients, you will need to modify
+ the system startup files. Wherever appropriate (for example, in
+ <filename>/etc/rc</filename>), insert the following line,
+ substituting port number, log file location, configuration file
+ location and debug level as desired:</para>
+
+ <para><command>/usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D -l /var/adm/smblogs/log
+ -s /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</command></para>
+
+ <para>(The above should appear in your initialization script
+ as a single line. Depending on your terminal characteristics,
+ it may not appear that way in this man page. If the above appears
+ as more than one line, please treat any newlines or indentation
+ as a single space or TAB character.)</para>
+
+ <para>If the options used at compile time are appropriate for
+ your system, all parameters except <emphasis>-D</emphasis> may
+ be omitted. See the section OPTIONS above.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>RUNNING THE SERVER ON REQUEST</title>
+
+ <para>If your system uses a meta-daemon such as <command>inetd
+ </command>, you can arrange to have the smbd server started
+ whenever a process attempts to connect to it. This requires several
+ changes to the startup files on the host machine. If you are
+ experimenting as an ordinary user rather than as root, you will
+ need the assistance of your system administrator to modify the
+ system files.</para>
+
+ <para>You will probably want to set up the NetBIOS name server
+ <ulink url="nmbd.8.html"><command>nmbd</command></ulink> at
+ the same time as <command>smbd</command>. To do this refer to the
+ man page for <ulink url="nmbd.8.html"><command>nmbd(8)</command>
+ </ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>First, ensure that a port is configured in the file
+ <filename>/etc/services</filename>. The well-known port 139
+ should be used if possible, though any port may be used.</para>
+
+ <para>Ensure that a line similar to the following is in
+ <filename>/etc/services</filename>:</para>
+
+ <para><command>netbios-ssn 139/tcp</command></para>
+
+ <para>Note for NIS/YP users - you may need to rebuild the
+ NIS service maps rather than alter your local <filename>/etc/services
+ </filename> file.</para>
+
+ <para>Next, put a suitable line in the file <filename>/etc/inetd.conf
+ </filename> (in the unlikely event that you are using a meta-daemon
+ other than inetd, you are on your own). Note that the first item
+ in this line matches the service name in <filename>/etc/services
+ </filename>. Substitute appropriate values for your system
+ in this line (see <command>inetd(8)</command>):</para>
+
+ <para><command>netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd
+ -d1 -l/var/adm/smblogs/log -s/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf</command></para>
+
+ <para>(The above should appear in <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename>
+ as a single line. Depending on your terminal characteristics, it may
+ not appear that way in this man page. If the above appears as more
+ than one line, please treat any newlines or indentation as a single
+ space or TAB character.)</para>
+
+ <para>Note that there is no need to specify a port number here,
+ even if you are using a non-standard port number.</para>
+
+ <para>Lastly, edit the configuration file to provide suitable
+ services. To start with, the following two services should be
+ all you need:</para>
+
+ <screen>
+ <computeroutput>
+ [homes]
+ writeable = yes
+
+ [printers]
+ writeable = no
+ printable = yes
+ path = /tmp
+ public = yes
+ </computeroutput>
+ </screen>
+
+ <para>This will allow you to connect to your home directory
+ and print to any printer supported by the host (user privileges
+ permitting).</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>TESTING THE INSTALLATION</title>
+
+ <para>If running the server as a daemon, execute it before
+ proceeding. If using a meta-daemon, either restart the system
+ or kill and restart the meta-daemon. Some versions of
+ <command>inetd</command> will reread their configuration
+ tables if they receive a HUP signal.</para>
+
+ <para>If your machine's name is &quot;fred&quot; and your
+ name is &quot;mary&quot;, you should now be able to connect
+ to the service <filename>&bsol;&bsol;fred&bsol;mary</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>To properly test and experiment with the server, we
+ recommend using the <command>smbclient</command> program (see
+ <ulink url="smbclient.1.html"><command>smbclient(1)</command></ulink>)
+ and also going through the steps outlined in the file
+ <filename>DIAGNOSIS.txt</filename> in the <filename>docs/</filename>
+ directory of your Samba installation.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>VERSION</title>
+
+ <para>This man page is correct for version 2.2 of
+ the Samba suite.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>DIAGNOSTICS</title>
+
+ <para>Most diagnostics issued by the server are logged
+ in a specified log file. The log file name is specified
+ at compile time, but may be overridden on the command line.</para>
+
+ <para>The number and nature of diagnostics available depends
+ on the debug level used by the server. If you have problems, set
+ the debug level to 3 and peruse the log files.</para>
+
+ <para>Most messages are reasonably self-explanatory. Unfortunately,
+ at the time this man page was created, there are too many diagnostics
+ available in the source code to warrant describing each and every
+ diagnostic. At this stage your best bet is still to grep the
+ source code and inspect the conditions that gave rise to the
+ diagnostics you are seeing.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>SIGNALS</title>
+
+ <para>Sending the smbd a SIGHUP will cause it to
+ re-load its <filename>smb.conf</filename> configuration
+ file within a short period of time.</para>
+
+ <para>To shut down a users smbd process it is recommended
+ that <command>SIGKILL (-9)</command> <emphasis>NOT</emphasis>
+ be used, except as a last resort, as this may leave the shared
+ memory area in an inconsistent state. The safe way to terminate
+ an smbd is to send it a SIGTERM (-15) signal and wait for
+ it to die on its own.</para>
+
+ <para>The debug log level of smbd may be raised by sending
+ it a SIGUSR1 (<command>kill -USR1 &lt;smbd-pid&gt;</command>)
+ and lowered by sending it a SIGUSR2 (<command>kill -USR2 &lt;smbd-pid&gt;
+ </command>). This is to allow transient problems to be diagnosed,
+ whilst still running at a normally low log level.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that as the signal handlers send a debug write,
+ they are not re-entrant in smbd. This you should wait until
+ smbd is in a state of waiting for an incoming smb before
+ issuing them. It is possible to make the signal handlers safe
+ by un-blocking the signals before the select call and re-blocking
+ them after, however this would affect performance.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para>hosts_access(5), <command>inetd(8)</command>,
+ <ulink url="nmbd.8.html"><command>nmbd(8)</command></ulink>,
+ <ulink url="smb.conf.5.html"><filename>smb.conf(5)</filename>
+ </ulink>, <ulink url="smbclient.1.html"><command>smbclient(1)
+ </command></ulink>, <ulink url="testparm.1.html"><command>
+ testparm(1)</command></ulink>, <ulink url="testprns.1.html">
+ <command>testprns(1)</command></ulink>, and the Internet RFC's
+ <filename>rfc1001.txt</filename>, <filename>rfc1002.txt</filename>.
+ In addition the CIFS (formerly SMB) specification is available
+ as a link from the Web page <ulink url="http://samba.org/cifs/">
+ http://samba.org/cifs/</ulink>.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>AUTHOR</title>
+
+ <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
+ were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
+ by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
+ to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
+
+ <para>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer.
+ The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another
+ excellent piece of Open Source software, available at
+ <ulink url="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/">
+ ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</ulink>) and updated for the Samba 2.0
+ release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for
+ Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+</refentry>