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| author | Gerald Carter <jerry@samba.org> | 2001-02-27 21:03:02 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Gerald Carter <jerry@samba.org> | 2001-02-27 21:03:02 +0000 |
| commit | 6ee504d0fc475e57b3465b1eb1ce17374f2865f1 (patch) | |
| tree | 906077d46db78ac0a1bf85497d75e3f348c21c27 /docs/htmldocs/DOMAIN_MEMBER.html | |
| parent | 750a37026b1db8616ab0e4b0c1ae8c1b39897cdb (diff) | |
| download | samba-6ee504d0fc475e57b3465b1eb1ce17374f2865f1.tar.gz samba-6ee504d0fc475e57b3465b1eb1ce17374f2865f1.tar.bz2 samba-6ee504d0fc475e57b3465b1eb1ce17374f2865f1.zip | |
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/DOMAIN_MEMBER.html b/docs/htmldocs/DOMAIN_MEMBER.html index 847c6c5189..3830c3dac6 100644 --- a/docs/htmldocs/DOMAIN_MEMBER.html +++ b/docs/htmldocs/DOMAIN_MEMBER.html @@ -1,127 +1,363 @@ - - - - - - -<html><head><title>Joining an NT Domain with Samba 2.0</title> - -<link rev="made" href="mailto:samba@samba.org"> -</head> -<body> - -<hr> - -<h1>Joining an NT Domain with Samba 2.0</h1> -<h2>Jeremy Allison, Samba Team</h2> -<h2>7th October 1999</h2> - -<h1>Table of Contents </h1><p></p> - -<p><hr><p><br> -<p><center>Joining an NT Domain with Samba 2.0 </center> -<center>----------------------------------- </center> -<p>In order for a Samba-2 server to join an NT domain, you must first add -the NetBIOS name of the Samba server to the NT domain on the PDC using -Server Manager for Domains. This creates the machine account in the -domain (PDC) SAM. Note that you should add the Samba server as a "Windows -NT Workstation or Server", <em>NOT</em> as a Primary or backup domain controller. -<p>Assume you have a Samba-2 server with a NetBIOS name of <code>SERV1</code> and are -joining an NT domain called <code>DOM</code>, which has a PDC with a NetBIOS name -of <code>DOMPDC</code> and two backup domain controllers with NetBIOS names <code>DOMBDC1</code> -and <code>DOMBDC2</code>. -<p>In order to join the domain, first stop all Samba daemons and run the -command -<p><code>smbpasswd -j DOM -r DOMPDC</code> -<p>as we are joining the domain DOM and the PDC for that domain (the only -machine that has write access to the domain SAM database) is DOMPDC. If this is -successful you will see the message: -<p><code>smbpasswd: Joined domain DOM.</code> -<p>in your terminal window. See the <a href="smbpasswd.8.html"><strong>smbpasswd</strong></a> -man page for more details. -<p>This command goes through the machine account password change -protocol, then writes the new (random) machine account password for -this Samba server into a file in the same directory in which an -smbpasswd file would be stored - normally : -<p><code>/usr/local/samba/private</code> -<p>The filename looks like this: -<p><code><NT DOMAIN NAME>.<Samba Server Name>.mac</code> -<p>The <code>.mac</code> suffix stands for machine account password file. So in -our example above, the file would be called: -<p><code>DOM.SERV1.mac</code> -<p>This file is created and owned by root and is not readable by any -other user. It is the key to the domain-level security for your -system, and should be treated as carefully as a shadow password file. -<p>Now, before restarting the Samba daemons you must edit your -<a href="smb.conf.5.html"><strong>smb.conf</strong></a> file to tell Samba it should now -use domain security. -<p>Change (or add) your -<p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#security"><strong>"security ="</strong></a> -<p>line in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html#global"><strong>[global]</strong></a> section of your -<a href="smb.conf.5.html"><strong>smb.conf</strong></a> to read: -<p><code>security = domain</code> -<p>Next change the -<p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#workgroup"><strong>"workgroup ="</strong></a> -<p>line in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html#global"><strong>[global]</strong></a> section to read: -<p><code>workgroup = DOM</code> -<p>as this is the name of the domain we are joining. -<p>You must also have the parameter <a href="smb.conf.5.html#encryptpasswords"><strong>"encrypt passwords"</strong></a> -set to <code>"yes"</code> in order for your users to authenticate to the -NT PDC. -<p>Finally, add (or modify) a: -<p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#passwordserver"><strong>"password server ="</strong></a> -<p>line in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html#global"><strong>[global]</strong></a> section to read: -<p><code>password server = DOMPDC DOMBDC1 DOMBDC2</code> -<p>These are the primary and backup domain controllers Samba will attempt -to contact in order to authenticate users. Samba will try to contact -each of these servers in order, so you may want to rearrange this list -in order to spread out the authentication load among domain -controllers. -<p>Alternatively, if you want smbd to automatically determine the -list of Domain controllers to use for authentication, you may set this line to be : -<p><code>password server = *</code> -<p>This method, which is new in Samba 2.0.6 and above, allows Samba -to use exactly the same mechanism that NT does. This method either broadcasts or -uses a WINS database in order to find domain controllers to -authenticate against. -<p>Finally, restart your Samba daemons and get ready for clients to begin -using domain security! -<p><center>Why is this better than security = server? </center> -<center>------------------------------------------ </center> -<p>Currently, domain security in Samba doesn't free you from having to -create local Unix users to represent the users attaching to your -server. This means that if domain user <code>DOM\fred</code> attaches to your -domain security Samba server, there needs to be a local Unix user fred -to represent that user in the Unix filesystem. This is very similar to -the older Samba security mode <a href="smb.conf.5.html#securityequalserver"><strong>"security=server"</strong></a>, where Samba would pass -through the authentication request to a Windows NT server in the same -way as a Windows 95 or Windows 98 server would. -<p>The advantage to domain-level security is that the authentication in -domain-level security is passed down the authenticated RPC channel in -exactly the same way that an NT server would do it. This means Samba -servers now participate in domain trust relationships in exactly the -same way NT servers do (i.e., you can add Samba servers into a -resource domain and have the authentication passed on from a resource -domain PDC to an account domain PDC. -<p>In addition, with <a href="smb.conf.5.html#securityequalserver"><strong>"security=server"</strong></a> every Samba daemon on a -server has to keep a connection open to the authenticating server for -as long as that daemon lasts. This can drain the connection resources -on a Microsoft NT server and cause it to run out of available -connections. With <a href="smb.conf.5.html#securityequaldomain"><strong>"security =domain"</strong></a>, however, the Samba -daemons connect to the PDC/BDC only for as long as is necessary to -authenticate the user, and then drop the connection, thus conserving -PDC connection resources. -<p>And finally, acting in the same manner as an NT server authenticating -to a PDC means that as part of the authentication reply, the Samba -server gets the user identification information such as the user SID, -the list of NT groups the user belongs to, etc. All this information -will allow Samba to be extended in the future into a mode the -developers currently call appliance mode. In this mode, no local Unix -users will be necessary, and Samba will generate Unix uids and gids -from the information passed back from the PDC when a user is -authenticated, making a Samba server truly plug and play in an NT -domain environment. Watch for this code soon. -<p><em>NOTE:</em> Much of the text of this document was first published in the -Web magazine <a href="http://www.linuxworld.com"><strong>"LinuxWorld"</strong></a> as the article <a href="http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/lw-1998-10/lw-10-samba.html"><strong>"Doing the NIS/NT Samba"</strong></a>. -</body> -</html> +<HTML +><HEAD +><TITLE +></TITLE +><META +NAME="GENERATOR" +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.57"></HEAD +><BODY +CLASS="BOOK" +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" +TEXT="#000000" +LINK="#0000FF" +VLINK="#840084" +ALINK="#0000FF" +><DIV +CLASS="BOOK" +><A +NAME="AEN1" +></A +><DIV +CLASS="TITLEPAGE" +><H3 +CLASS="AUTHOR" +><A +NAME="AEN3" +>Jeremy Allison</A +></H3 +><HR></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="TOC" +><DL +><DT +><B +>Table of Contents</B +></DT +><DT +><A +HREF="#AEN7" +></A +></DT +><DD +><DL +><DT +><A +HREF="#AEN8" +>Joining an NT Domain with Samba 2.2</A +></DT +><DT +><A +HREF="#AEN71" +>Why is this better than security = server?</A +></DT +></DL +></DD +></DL +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="ARTICLE" +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN8" +>Joining an NT Domain with Samba 2.2</A +></H1 +><P +>In order for a Samba-2 server to join an NT domain, + you must first add the NetBIOS name of the Samba server to the + NT domain on the PDC using Server Manager for Domains. This creates + the machine account in the domain (PDC) SAM. Note that you should + add the Samba server as a "Windows NT Workstation or Server", + <I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>NOT</I +> as a Primary or backup domain controller.</P +><P +>Assume you have a Samba-2 server with a NetBIOS name of + <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>SERV1</TT +> and are joining an NT domain called + <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOM</TT +>, which has a PDC with a NetBIOS name + of <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOMPDC</TT +> and two backup domain controllers + with NetBIOS names <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOMBDC1</TT +> and <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOMBDC2 + </TT +>.</P +><P +>In order to join the domain, first stop all Samba daemons + and run the command:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><TT +CLASS="USERINPUT" +><B +>smbpasswd -j DOM -r DOMPDC + </B +></TT +></P +><P +>as we are joining the domain DOM and the PDC for that domain + (the only machine that has write access to the domain SAM database) + is DOMPDC. If this is successful you will see the message:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" +>smbpasswd: Joined domain DOM.</TT +> + </P +><P +>in your terminal window. See the <A +HREF="smbpasswd.8.html" +TARGET="_top" +> smbpasswd(8)</A +> man page for more details.</P +><P +>This command goes through the machine account password + change protocol, then writes the new (random) machine account + password for this Samba server into a file in the same directory + in which an smbpasswd file would be stored - normally :</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/usr/local/samba/private</TT +></P +><P +>In Samba 2.0.x, the filename looks like this:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +><TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +><NT DOMAIN NAME></I +></TT +>. + <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +><Samba Server Name></I +></TT +>.mac</TT +></P +><P +>The <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>.mac</TT +> suffix stands for machine account + password file. So in our example above, the file would be called:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>DOM.SERV1.mac</TT +></P +><P +>In Samba 2.2, this file has been replaced with a TDB + (Trivial Database) file named <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>secrets.tdb</TT +>. + </P +><P +>This file is created and owned by root and is not + readable by any other user. It is the key to the domain-level + security for your system, and should be treated as carefully + as a shadow password file.</P +><P +>Now, before restarting the Samba daemons you must + edit your <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html" +TARGET="_top" +><TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf(5)</TT +> + </A +> file to tell Samba it should now use domain security.</P +><P +>Change (or add) your <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#SECURITY" +TARGET="_top" +> <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>security =</I +></TT +></A +> line in the [global] section + of your smb.conf to read:</P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>security = domain</B +></P +><P +>Next change the <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#WORKGROUP" +TARGET="_top" +><TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +> workgroup =</I +></TT +></A +> line in the [global] section to read: </P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>workgroup = DOM</B +></P +><P +>as this is the name of the domain we are joining. </P +><P +>You must also have the parameter <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" +TARGET="_top" +> <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>encrypt passwords</I +></TT +></A +> set to <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>yes + </TT +> in order for your users to authenticate to the NT PDC.</P +><P +>Finally, add (or modify) a <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#PASSWORDSERVER" +TARGET="_top" +> <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>password server =</I +></TT +></A +> line in the [global] + section to read: </P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>password server = DOMPDC DOMBDC1 DOMBDC2</B +></P +><P +>These are the primary and backup domain controllers Samba + will attempt to contact in order to authenticate users. Samba will + try to contact each of these servers in order, so you may want to + rearrange this list in order to spread out the authentication load + among domain controllers.</P +><P +>Alternatively, if you want smbd to automatically determine + the list of Domain controllers to use for authentication, you may + set this line to be :</P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>password server = *</B +></P +><P +>This method, which was introduced in Samba 2.0.6, + allows Samba to use exactly the same mechanism that NT does. This + method either broadcasts or uses a WINS database in order to + find domain controllers to authenticate against.</P +><P +>Finally, restart your Samba daemons and get ready for + clients to begin using domain security!</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><HR><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN71" +>Why is this better than security = server?</A +></H1 +><P +>Currently, domain security in Samba doesn't free you from + having to create local Unix users to represent the users attaching + to your server. This means that if domain user <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOM\fred + </TT +> attaches to your domain security Samba server, there needs + to be a local Unix user fred to represent that user in the Unix + filesystem. This is very similar to the older Samba security mode + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#SECURITYEQUALSERVER" +TARGET="_top" +>security = server</A +>, + where Samba would pass through the authentication request to a Windows + NT server in the same way as a Windows 95 or Windows 98 server would. + </P +><P +>The advantage to domain-level security is that the + authentication in domain-level security is passed down the authenticated + RPC channel in exactly the same way that an NT server would do it. This + means Samba servers now participate in domain trust relationships in + exactly the same way NT servers do (i.e., you can add Samba servers into + a resource domain and have the authentication passed on from a resource + domain PDC to an account domain PDC.</P +><P +>In addition, with <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>security = server</B +> every Samba + daemon on a server has to keep a connection open to the + authenticating server for as long as that daemon lasts. This can drain + the connection resources on a Microsoft NT server and cause it to run + out of available connections. With <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>security = domain</B +>, + however, the Samba daemons connect to the PDC/BDC only for as long + as is necessary to authenticate the user, and then drop the connection, + thus conserving PDC connection resources.</P +><P +>And finally, acting in the same manner as an NT server + authenticating to a PDC means that as part of the authentication + reply, the Samba server gets the user identification information such + as the user SID, the list of NT groups the user belongs to, etc. All + this information will allow Samba to be extended in the future into + a mode the developers currently call appliance mode. In this mode, + no local Unix users will be necessary, and Samba will generate Unix + uids and gids from the information passed back from the PDC when a + user is authenticated, making a Samba server truly plug and play + in an NT domain environment. Watch for this code soon.</P +><P +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>NOTE:</I +> Much of the text of this document + was first published in the Web magazine <A +HREF="http://www.linuxworld.com" +TARGET="_top" +> + LinuxWorld</A +> as the article <A +HREF="http://www.linuxworld.com/linuxworld/lw-1998-10/lw-10-samba.html" +TARGET="_top" +>Doing + the NIS/NT Samba</A +>.</P +></DIV +></DIV +></DIV +></BODY +></HTML +>
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