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| author | John Terpstra <jht@samba.org> | 2003-06-14 22:25:31 +0000 |
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| committer | John Terpstra <jht@samba.org> | 2003-06-14 22:25:31 +0000 |
| commit | 603a3b924236bf52911a3291cfe12a107eb38fda (patch) | |
| tree | 08931e37bc8ac6a3934665ee3b12506b93e2c570 /docs/htmldocs/PolicyMgmt.html | |
| parent | 88c664030a507985f0e9bbcc612e802c4e5992c2 (diff) | |
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Adding missing docs to tree.
These docs are needed for SWAT Support. Also, not everyone can build the docs
so we do need to include them.
(This used to be commit a1b6e7007b6257bc001e661c20fd20d4643b1eca)
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/PolicyMgmt.html b/docs/htmldocs/PolicyMgmt.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..200474c2d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/PolicyMgmt.html @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 23. System and Account Policies</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="AdvancedNetworkManagement.html" title="Chapter 22. Advanced Network Manangement"><link rel="next" href="ProfileMgmt.html" title="Chapter 24. Desktop Profile Management"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 23. System and Account Policies</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="AdvancedNetworkManagement.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ProfileMgmt.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="PolicyMgmt"></a>Chapter 23. System and Account Policies</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2981730">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2981782">Creating and Managing System Policies</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2981893">Windows 9x/Me Policies</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2981442">Windows NT4 Style Policy Files</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2981575">MS Windows 200x / XP Professional Policies</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983019">Managing Account/User Policies</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983120">Samba Editreg Toolset</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983140">Windows NT4/200x</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983161">Samba PDC</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983205">System Startup and Logon Processing Overview</a></dt><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983352">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="PolicyMgmt.html#id2983366">Policy Does Not Work</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> +This chapter summarises the current state of knowledge derived from personal +practice and knowledge from samba mailing list subscribers. Before reproduction +of posted information effort has been made to validate the information provided. +Where additional information was uncovered through this validation it is provided +also. +</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2981730"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +When MS Windows NT3.5 was introduced the hot new topic was the ability to implmement +Group Policies for users and group. Then along came MS Windows NT4 and a few sites +started to adopt this capability. How do we know that? By way of the number of "booboos" +(or mistakes) administrators made and then requested help to resolve. +</p><p> +By the time that MS Windows 2000 and Active Directory was released, administrators +got the message: Group Policies are a good thing! They can help reduce administrative +costs and actually can help to create happier users. But adoption of the true +potential of MS Windows 200x Active Directory and Group Policy Objects (GPOs) for users +and machines were picked up on rather slowly. This was very obvious from the samba +mailing list as in 2000 and 2001 there were very few postings regarding GPOs and +how to replicate them in a Samba environment. +</p><p> +Judging by the traffic volume since mid 2002, GPOs have become a standard part of +the deployment in many sites. This chapter reviews techniques and methods that can +be used to exploit opportunities for automation of control over user desktops and +network client workstations. +</p><p> +A tool new to Samba-3 may become an important part of the future Samba Administrators' +arsenal. The <b class="command">editreg</b> tool is described in this document. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2981782"></a>Creating and Managing System Policies</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Under MS Windows platforms, particularly those following the release of MS Windows +NT4 and MS Windows 95) it is possible to create a type of file that would be placed +in the NETLOGON share of a domain controller. As the client logs onto the network +this file is read and the contents initiate changes to the registry of the client +machine. This file allows changes to be made to those parts of the registry that +affect users, groups of users, or machines. +</p><p> +For MS Windows 9x/Me this file must be called <tt class="filename">Config.POL</tt> and may +be generated using a tool called <tt class="filename">poledit.exe</tt>, better known as the +Policy Editor. The policy editor was provided on the Windows 98 installation CD, but +dissappeared again with the introduction of MS Windows Me (Millenium Edition). From +comments from MS Windows network administrators it would appear that this tool became +a part of the MS Windows Me Resource Kit. +</p><p> +MS Windows NT4 Server products include the <span class="emphasis"><em>System Policy Editor</em></span> +under the <tt class="filename">Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools</tt> menu item. +For MS Windows NT4 and later clients this file must be called <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt>. +</p><p> +New with the introduction of MS Windows 2000 was the Microsoft Management Console +or MMC. This tool is the new wave in the ever changing landscape of Microsoft +methods for management of network access and security. Every new Microsoft product +or technology seems to obsolete the old rules and to introduce newer and more +complex tools and methods. To Microsoft's credit though, the MMC does appear to +be a step forward, but improved functionality comes at a great price. +</p><p> +Before embarking on the configuration of network and system policies it is highly +advisable to read the documentation available from Microsoft's web site regarding +<a href="http://www.microsoft.com/ntserver/management/deployment/planguide/prof_policies.asp" target="_top"> +Implementing Profiles and Policies in Windows NT 4.0 from http://www.microsoft.com/ntserver/management/deployment/planguide/prof_policies.asp</a> available from Microsoft. +There are a large number of documents in addition to this old one that should also +be read and understood. Try searching on the Microsoft web site for "Group Policies". +</p><p> +What follows is a very brief discussion with some helpful notes. The information provided +here is incomplete - you are warned. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2981893"></a>Windows 9x/Me Policies</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + You need the Win98 Group Policy Editor to set Group Profiles up under Windows 9x/Me. + It can be found on the Original full product Win98 installation CD under + <tt class="filename">tools/reskit/netadmin/poledit</tt>. Install this using the + Add/Remove Programs facility and then click on the 'Have Disk' tab. + </p><p> + Use the Group Policy Editor to create a policy file that specifies the location of + user profiles and/or the <tt class="filename">My Documents</tt> etc. Then save these + settings in a file called <tt class="filename">Config.POL</tt> that needs to be placed in the + root of the <i class="parameter"><tt>[NETLOGON]</tt></i> share. If Win98 is configured to log onto + the Samba Domain, it will automatically read this file and update the Win9x/Me registry + of the machine as it logs on. + </p><p> + Further details are covered in the Win98 Resource Kit documentation. + </p><p> + If you do not take the right steps, then every so often Win9x/Me will check the + integrity of the registry and will restore it's settings from the back-up + copy of the registry it stores on each Win9x/Me machine. Hence, you will + occasionally notice things changing back to the original settings. + </p><p> + Install the group policy handler for Win9x to pick up group policies. Look on the + Win98 CD in <tt class="filename">\tools\reskit\netadmin\poledit</tt>. + Install group policies on a Win9x client by double-clicking + <tt class="filename">grouppol.inf</tt>. Log off and on again a couple of times and see + if Win98 picks up group policies. Unfortunately this needs to be done on every + Win9x/Me machine that uses group policies. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2981442"></a>Windows NT4 Style Policy Files</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + To create or edit <tt class="filename">ntconfig.pol</tt> you must use the NT Server + Policy Editor, <b class="command">poledit.exe</b> which is included with NT4 Server + but <span class="emphasis"><em>not NT Workstation</em></span>. There is a Policy Editor on a NT4 + Workstation but it is not suitable for creating <span class="emphasis"><em>Domain Policies</em></span>. + Further, although the Windows 95 Policy Editor can be installed on an NT4 + Workstation/Server, it will not work with NT clients. However, the files from + the NT Server will run happily enough on an NT4 Workstation. + </p><p> + You need <tt class="filename">poledit.exe</tt>, <tt class="filename">common.adm</tt> and <tt class="filename">winnt.adm</tt>. + It is convenient to put the two *.adm files in the <tt class="filename">c:\winnt\inf</tt> + directory which is where the binary will look for them unless told otherwise. Note also that that + directory is normally 'hidden'. + </p><p> + The Windows NT policy editor is also included with the Service Pack 3 (and + later) for Windows NT 4.0. Extract the files using <b class="command">servicepackname /x</b>, + i.e. that's <b class="command">Nt4sp6ai.exe /x</b> for service pack 6a. The policy editor, + <b class="command">poledit.exe</b> and the associated template files (*.adm) should + be extracted as well. It is also possible to downloaded the policy template + files for Office97 and get a copy of the policy editor. Another possible + location is with the Zero Administration Kit available for download from Microsoft. + </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2981551"></a>Registry Spoiling</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + With NT4 style registry based policy changes, a large number of settings are not + automatically reversed as the user logs off. Since the settings that were in the + NTConfig.POL file were applied to the client machine registry and that apply to the + hive key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE are permanent until explicitly reversed. This is known + as tattooing. It can have serious consequences down-stream and the administrator must + be extremely careful not to lock out the ability to manage the machine at a later date. + </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2981575"></a>MS Windows 200x / XP Professional Policies</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Windows NT4 System policies allows setting of registry parameters specific to + users, groups and computers (client workstations) that are members of the NT4 + style domain. Such policy file will work with MS Windows 2000 / XP clients also. + </p><p> + New to MS Windows 2000 Microsoft introduced a new style of group policy that confers + a superset of capabilities compared with NT4 style policies. Obviously, the tool used + to create them is different, and the mechanism for implementing them is much changed. + </p><p> + The older NT4 style registry based policies are known as <span class="emphasis"><em>Administrative Templates</em></span> + in MS Windows 2000/XP Group Policy Objects (GPOs). The later includes ability to set various security + configurations, enforce Internet Explorer browser settings, change and redirect aspects of the + users' desktop (including: the location of <tt class="filename">My Documents</tt> files (directory), as + well as intrinsics of where menu items will appear in the Start menu). An additional new + feature is the ability to make available particular software Windows applications to particular + users and/or groups. + </p><p> + Remember: NT4 policy files are named <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> and are stored in the root + of the NETLOGON share on the domain controllers. A Windows NT4 user enters a username, a password + and selects the domain name to which the logon will attempt to take place. During the logon + process the client machine reads the NTConfig.POL file from the NETLOGON share on the authenticating + server, modifies the local registry values according to the settings in this file. + </p><p> + Windows 2K GPOs are very feature rich. They are NOT stored in the NETLOGON share, rather part of + a Windows 200x policy file is stored in the Active Directory itself and the other part is stored + in a shared (and replicated) volume called the SYSVOL folder. This folder is present on all Active + Directory domain controllers. The part that is stored in the Active Directory itself is called the + group policy container (GPC), and the part that is stored in the replicated share called SYSVOL is + known as the group policy template (GPT). + </p><p> + With NT4 clients the policy file is read and executed upon only as each user logs onto the network. + MS Windows 200x policies are much more complex - GPOs are processed and applied at client machine + startup (machine specific part) and when the user logs onto the network the user specific part + is applied. In MS Windows 200x style policy management each machine and/or user may be subject + to any number of concurently applicable (and applied) policy sets (GPOs). Active Directory allows + the administrator to also set filters over the policy settings. No such equivalent capability + exists with NT4 style policy files. + </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2981675"></a>Administration of Win2K / XP Policies</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Instead of using the tool called <span class="application">The System Policy Editor</span>, commonly called Poledit (from the + executable name <b class="command">poledit.exe</b>), <span class="acronym">GPOs</span> are created and managed using a + <span class="application">Microsoft Management Console</span> <span class="acronym">(MMC)</span> snap-in as follows:</p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p> + Go to the Windows 200x / XP menu <span class="guimenu">Start->Programs->Administrative Tools</span> + and select the MMC snap-in called <span class="guimenuitem">Active Directory Users and Computers</span> + </p></li><li><p> + Select the domain or organizational unit (OU) that you wish to manage, then right click + to open the context menu for that object, select the properties item. + </p></li><li><p> + Now left click on the <span class="guilabel">Group Policy</span> tab, then left click on the New tab. Type a name + for the new policy you will create. + </p></li><li><p> + Now left click on the <span class="guilabel">Edit</span> tab to commence the steps needed to create the GPO. + </p></li></ol></div><p> + All policy configuration options are controlled through the use of policy administrative + templates. These files have a .adm extension, both in NT4 as well as in Windows 200x / XP. + Beware however, since the .adm files are NOT interchangible across NT4 and Windows 200x. + The later introduces many new features as well as extended definition capabilities. It is + well beyond the scope of this documentation to explain how to program .adm files, for that + the adminsitrator is referred to the Microsoft Windows Resource Kit for your particular + version of MS Windows. + </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + The MS Windows 2000 Resource Kit contains a tool called gpolmig.exe. This tool can be used + to migrate an NT4 NTConfig.POL file into a Windows 200x style GPO. Be VERY careful how you + use this powerful tool. Please refer to the resource kit manuals for specific usage information. + </p></div></div></div></div><div xmlns:ns79="" class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2983019"></a>Managing Account/User Policies</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Policies can define a specific user's settings or the settings for a group of users. The resulting +policy file contains the registry settings for all users, groups, and computers that will be using +the policy file. Separate policy files for each user, group, or computer are not not necessary. +</p><p> +If you create a policy that will be automatically downloaded from validating domain controllers, +you should name the file NTconfig.POL. As system administrator, you have the option of renaming the +policy file and, by modifying the Windows NT-based workstation, directing the computer to update +the policy from a manual path. You can do this by either manually changing the registry or by using +the System Policy Editor. This path can even be a local path such that each machine has its own policy file, +but if a change is necessary to all machines, this change must be made individually to each workstation. +</p><p> +When a Windows NT4/200x/XP machine logs onto the network the NETLOGON share on the authenticating domain +controller for the presence of the NTConfig.POL file. If one exists it is downloaded, parsed and then +applied to the user's part of the registry. +</p><p> +MS Windows 200x/XP clients that log onto an MS Windows Active Directory security domain may additionally, +acquire policy settings through Group Policy Objects (GPOs) that are defined and stored in Active Directory +itself. The key benefit of using AS GPOs is that they impose no registry <span class="emphasis"><em>spoiling</em></span> effect. +This has considerable advanage compared with the use of NTConfig.POL (NT4) style policy updates. +</p><p> +In addition to user access controls that may be imposed or applied via system and/or group policies +in a manner that works in conjunction with user profiles, the user management environment under +MS Windows NT4/200x/XP allows per domain as well as per user account restrictions to be applied. +Common restrictions that are frequently used includes: +</p><ns79:p> +</ns79:p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Logon Hours</td></tr><tr><td>Password Aging</td></tr><tr><td>Permitted Logon from certain machines only</td></tr><tr><td>Account type (Local or Global)</td></tr><tr><td>User Rights</td></tr></table><ns79:p> +</ns79:p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2983120"></a>Samba Editreg Toolset</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Describe in detail the benefits of <b class="command">editreg</b> and how to use it. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2983140"></a>Windows NT4/200x</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The tools that may be used to configure these types of controls from the MS Windows environment are: + The NT4 User Manager for domains, the NT4 System and Group Policy Editor, the registry editor (regedt32.exe). + Under MS Windows 200x/XP this is done using the Microsoft Managment Console (MMC) with approapriate + "snap-ins", the registry editor, and potentially also the NT4 System and Group Policy Editor. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2983161"></a>Samba PDC</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + With a Samba Domain Controller, the new tools for managing of user account and policy information includes: + <b class="command">smbpasswd</b>, <b class="command">pdbedit</b>, <b class="command">net</b>, <b class="command">rpcclient</b>. + The administrator should read the + man pages for these tools and become familiar with their use. + </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2983205"></a>System Startup and Logon Processing Overview</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The following attempts to document the order of processing of system and user policies following a system +reboot and as part of the user logon: +</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> + Network starts, then Remote Procedure Call System Service (RPCSS) and Multiple Universal Naming + Convention Provider (MUP) start + </p></li><li xmlns:ns80=""><ns80:p> + Where Active Directory is involved, an ordered list of Group Policy Objects (GPOs) is downloaded + and applied. The list may include GPOs that: +</ns80:p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Apply to the location of machines in a Directory</td></tr><tr><td>Apply only when settings have changed</td></tr><tr><td>Depend on configuration of scope of applicability: local, site, domain, organizational unit, etc.</td></tr></table><ns80:p> + No desktop user interface is presented until the above have been processed. + </ns80:p></li><li><p> + Execution of start-up scripts (hidden and synchronous by defaut). + </p></li><li><p> + A keyboard action to affect start of logon (Ctrl-Alt-Del). + </p></li><li><p> + User credentials are validated, User profile is loaded (depends on policy settings). + </p></li><li xmlns:ns81=""><ns81:p> + An ordered list of User GPOs is obtained. The list contents depends on what is configured in respsect of: + +</ns81:p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Is user a domain member, thus subject to particular policies</td></tr><tr><td>Loopback enablement, and the state of the loopback policy (Merge or Replace)</td></tr><tr><td>Location of the Active Directory itself</td></tr><tr><td>Has the list of GPOs changed. No processing is needed if not changed.</td></tr></table><ns81:p> + </ns81:p></li><li><p> + User Policies are applied from Active Directory. Note: There are several types. + </p></li><li><p> + Logon scripts are run. New to Win2K and Active Directory, logon scripts may be obtained based on Group + Policy objects (hidden and executed synchronously). NT4 style logon scripts are then run in a normal + window. + </p></li><li><p> + The User Interface as determined from the GPOs is presented. Note: In a Samba domain (like and NT4 + Domain) machine (system) policies are applied at start-up, User policies are applied at logon. + </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2983352"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Policy related problems can be very difficult to diagnose and even more difficult to rectify. The following +collection demonstrates only basic issues. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2983366"></a>Policy Does Not Work</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Question: We have created the <tt class="filename">config.pol</tt> file and put it in the <span class="emphasis"><em>NETLOGON</em></span> share. +It has made no difference to our Win XP Pro machines, they just don't see it. IT worked fine with Win 98 but does not +work any longer since we upgraded to Win XP Pro. Any hints? +</p><p> +<span class="emphasis"><em>ANSWER:</em></span> Policy files are NOT portable between Windows 9x / Me and MS Windows NT4 / 200x / XP based +platforms. You need to use the NT4 Group Policy Editor to create a file called <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> so that +it is in the correct format for your MS Windows XP Pro clients. +</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="AdvancedNetworkManagement.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ProfileMgmt.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 22. Advanced Network Manangement </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 24. 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