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| author | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-08-13 06:07:10 +0000 |
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| committer | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-08-13 06:07:10 +0000 |
| commit | f62eaeb1a5add34ee7353d0d95db3c84a5c71c22 (patch) | |
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/ProfileMgmt.html b/docs/htmldocs/ProfileMgmt.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..765ae4b0c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/ProfileMgmt.html @@ -0,0 +1,652 @@ +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 24. Desktop Profile Management</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="samba-doc.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="PolicyMgmt.html" title="Chapter 23. System and Account Policies"><link rel="next" href="pam.html" title="Chapter 25. PAM based Distributed Authentication"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 24. Desktop Profile Management</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="PolicyMgmt.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pam.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="ProfileMgmt"></a>Chapter 24. Desktop Profile Management</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2945611">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2945646">Roaming Profiles</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2945686">Samba Configuration for Profile Handling</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2946178">Windows Client Profile Configuration Information</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947427">Sharing Profiles between W9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP workstations</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947512">Profile Migration from Windows NT4/200x Server to Samba</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947770">Mandatory profiles</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947828">Creating/Managing Group Profiles</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947873">Default Profile for Windows Users</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2947893">MS Windows 9x/Me</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2948045">MS Windows NT4 Workstation</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2948600">MS Windows 200x/XP</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2949100">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2949130">Setting up roaming profiles for just a few user's or group's?</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2949201">Can NOT use Roaming Profiles</a></dt><dt><a href="ProfileMgmt.html#id2949414">Changing the default profile</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2945611"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Roaming Profiles are feared by some, hated by a few, loved by many, and a Godsend for +some administrators. +</p><p> +Roaming Profiles allow an administrator to make available a consistent user desktop +as the user moves from one machine to another. This chapter provides much information +regarding how to configure and manage Roaming Profiles. +</p><p> +While Roaming Profiles might sound like nirvana to some, they are a real and tangible +problem to others. In particular, users of mobile computing tools, where often there may not +be a sustained network connection, are often better served by purely Local Profiles. +This chapter provides information to help the Samba administrator to deal with those +situations also. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2945646"></a>Roaming Profiles</h2></div></div><div></div></div><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p> +Roaming profiles support is different for Win9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x. +</p></div><p> +Before discussing how to configure roaming profiles, it is useful to see how +Windows 9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x clients implement these features. +</p><p> +Windows 9x / Me clients send a NetUserGetInfo request to the server to get the user's +profiles location. However, the response does not have room for a separate +profiles location field, only the user's home share. This means that Win9X/Me +profiles are restricted to being stored in the user's home directory. +</p><p> +Windows NT4/200x clients send a NetSAMLogon RPC request, which contains many fields, +including a separate field for the location of the user's profiles. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2945686"></a>Samba Configuration for Profile Handling</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +This section documents how to configure Samba for MS Windows client profile support. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2945699"></a>NT4/200x User Profiles</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +To support Windows NT4/200x clients, in the [global] section of smb.conf set the +following (for example): +</p><p> +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path = \\profileserver\profileshare\profilepath\%U\moreprofilepath</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> + + This is typically implemented like: + +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> +where %L translates to the name of the Samba server and %u translates to the user name +</p><p> +The default for this option is <tt class="filename">\\%N\%U\profile</tt>, +namely <tt class="filename">\\sambaserver\username\profile</tt>. +The <tt class="filename">\\N%\%U</tt> service is created automatically by the [homes] service. If you are using +a samba server for the profiles, you _must_ make the share specified in the logon path +browseable. Please refer to the man page for <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> in respect of the different +semantics of %L and %N, as well as %U and %u. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +MS Windows NT/2K clients at times do not disconnect a connection to a server +between logons. It is recommended to NOT use the <i class="parameter"><tt>homes</tt></i> +meta-service name as part of the profile share path. +</p></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2945807"></a>Windows 9x / Me User Profiles</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + To support Windows 9x / Me clients, you must use the <a class="indexterm" name="id2945819"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> parameter. Samba has +now been fixed so that <b class="userinput"><tt>net use /home</tt></b> now works as well, and it, too, relies +on the <b class="command">logon home</b> parameter. +</p><p> +By using the logon home parameter, you are restricted to putting Win9x / Me +profiles in the user's home directory. But wait! There is a trick you +can use. If you set the following in the <i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i> section of your <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file: +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home = \\%L\%U\.profiles</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> +then your Windows 9x / Me clients will dutifully put their clients in a subdirectory +of your home directory called <tt class="filename">.profiles</tt> (thus making them hidden). +</p><p> +Not only that, but <b class="userinput"><tt>net use /home</tt></b> will also work, because of a feature in +Windows 9x / Me. It removes any directory stuff off the end of the home directory area +and only uses the server and share portion. That is, it looks like you +specified <tt class="filename">\\%L\%U</tt> for <a class="indexterm" name="id2945923"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i>. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2945938"></a>Mixed Windows 9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x User Profiles</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +You can support profiles for both Win9X and WinNT clients by setting both the +<a class="indexterm" name="id2945951"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> and <a class="indexterm" name="id2945965"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> parameters. For example: +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home = \\%L\%u\.profiles</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path = \\%L\profiles\%u</tt></i></td></tr></table></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2946006"></a>Disabling Roaming Profile Support</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + A question often asked is “<span class="quote">How may I enforce use of local profiles?</span>” or + “<span class="quote">How do I disable Roaming Profiles?</span>” +</p><p> +There are three ways of doing this: +</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">In <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt></span></dt><dd><p> + Affect the following settings and ALL clients + will be forced to use a local profile: + </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">MS Windows Registry:</span></dt><dd><p> + By using the Microsoft Management Console gpedit.msc to instruct your MS Windows XP machine to use only a local profile. This of course modifies registry settings. The full path to the option is: + + + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + Local Computer Policy\ + Computer Configuration\ + Administrative Templates\ + System\ + User Profiles\ + + Disable: Only Allow Local User Profiles + Disable: Prevent Roaming Profile Change from Propagating to the Server + </pre><p> + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Change of Profile Type:</span></dt><dd><p> + From the start menu right click on the + My Computer icon, select <span class="guimenuitem">Properties</span>, click on the <span class="guilabel">User Profiles</span> + tab, select the profile you wish to change from Roaming type to Local, click <span class="guibutton">Change Type</span>. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> +Consult the MS Windows registry guide for your particular MS Windows version for more +information about which registry keys to change to enforce use of only local user +profiles. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +The specifics of how to convert a local profile to a roaming profile, or a roaming profile +to a local one vary according to the version of MS Windows you are running. Consult the +Microsoft MS Windows Resource Kit for your version of Windows for specific information. +</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2946178"></a>Windows Client Profile Configuration Information</h3></div></div><div></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2946186"></a>Windows 9x / Me Profile Setup</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +When a user first logs in on Windows 9X, the file user.DAT is created, +as are folders <tt class="filename">Start Menu</tt>, <tt class="filename">Desktop</tt>, +<tt class="filename">Programs</tt> and <tt class="filename">Nethood</tt>. +These directories and their contents will be merged with the local +versions stored in <tt class="filename">c:\windows\profiles\username</tt> on subsequent logins, +taking the most recent from each. You will need to use the <i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i> +options <a class="indexterm" name="id2946240"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>preserve case</tt></i> = yes, <a class="indexterm" name="id2946255"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>short preserve case</tt></i> = yes and +<a class="indexterm" name="id2946269"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>case sensitive</tt></i> = no in order to maintain capital letters in shortcuts +in any of the profile folders. +</p><p> +The user.DAT file contains all the user's preferences. If you wish to +enforce a set of preferences, rename their user.DAT file to user.MAN, +and deny them write access to this file. +</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> + On the Windows 9x / Me machine, go to <span class="guimenu">Control Panel</span> -> <span class="guimenuitem">Passwords</span> and + select the <span class="guilabel">User Profiles</span> tab. Select the required level of + roaming preferences. Press <span class="guibutton">OK</span>, but do _not_ allow the computer + to reboot. + </p></li><li><p> + On the Windows 9x / Me machine, go to <span class="guimenu">Control Panel</span> -> <span class="guimenuitem">Network</span> -> + <span class="guimenuitem">Client for Microsoft Networks</span> -> <span class="guilabel">Preferences</span>. Select <span class="guilabel">Log on to + NT Domain</span>. Then, ensure that the Primary Logon is <span class="guilabel">Client for + Microsoft Networks</span>. Press <span class="guibutton">OK</span>, and this time allow the computer + to reboot. + </p></li></ol></div><p> +Under Windows 9x / Me Profiles are downloaded from the Primary Logon. +If you have the Primary Logon as 'Client for Novell Networks', then +the profiles and logon script will be downloaded from your Novell +Server. If you have the Primary Logon as 'Windows Logon', then the +profiles will be loaded from the local machine - a bit against the +concept of roaming profiles, it would seem! +</p><p> +You will now find that the Microsoft Networks Login box contains +[user, password, domain] instead of just [user, password]. Type in +the samba server's domain name (or any other domain known to exist, +but bear in mind that the user will be authenticated against this +domain and profiles downloaded from it, if that domain logon server +supports it), user name and user's password. +</p><p> +Once the user has been successfully validated, the Windows 9x / Me machine +will inform you that <tt class="computeroutput">The user has not logged on before</tt> and asks you +<tt class="computeroutput">Do you wish to save the user's preferences?</tt>. Select <span class="guibutton">yes</span>. +</p><p> +Once the Windows 9x / Me client comes up with the desktop, you should be able +to examine the contents of the directory specified in the <a class="indexterm" name="id2946457"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> +on the samba server and verify that the <tt class="filename">Desktop</tt>, <tt class="filename">Start Menu</tt>, +<tt class="filename">Programs</tt> and <tt class="filename">Nethood</tt> folders have been created. +</p><p> +These folders will be cached locally on the client, and updated when +the user logs off (if you haven't made them read-only by then). +You will find that if the user creates further folders or short-cuts, +that the client will merge the profile contents downloaded with the +contents of the profile directory already on the local client, taking +the newest folders and short-cuts from each set. +</p><p> +If you have made the folders / files read-only on the samba server, +then you will get errors from the Windows 9x / Me machine on logon and logout, as +it attempts to merge the local and the remote profile. Basically, if +you have any errors reported by the Windows 9x / Me machine, check the UNIX file +permissions and ownership rights on the profile directory contents, +on the samba server. +</p><p> +If you have problems creating user profiles, you can reset the user's +local desktop cache, as shown below. When this user then next logs in, +they will be told that they are logging in "for the first time". +</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p> + Before deleting the contents of the + directory listed in the ProfilePath (this is likely to be + <tt class="filename">c:\windows\profiles\username)</tt>, ask them if they + have any important files stored on their desktop or in their start menu. + Delete the contents of the directory ProfilePath (making a backup if any + of the files are needed). + </p><p> + This will have the effect of removing the local (read-only hidden + system file) user.DAT in their profile directory, as well as the + local "desktop", "nethood", "start menu" and "programs" folders. + </p></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> + instead of logging in under the [user, password, domain] dialog, + press <span class="guibutton">escape</span>. + </p></li><li><p> + run the <b class="command">regedit.exe</b> program, and look in: + </p><p> + <tt class="filename">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</tt> + </p><p> + you will find an entry, for each user, of ProfilePath. Note the + contents of this key (likely to be <tt class="filename">c:\windows\profiles\username</tt>), + then delete the key ProfilePath for the required user. + </p><p>[Exit the registry editor].</p></li><li><p> + search for the user's .PWL password-caching file in the <tt class="filename">c:\windows</tt> + directory, and delete it. + </p></li><li><p> + log off the windows 9x / Me client. + </p></li><li><p> + check the contents of the profile path (see <a class="indexterm" name="id2946668"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> described + above), and delete the <tt class="filename">user.DAT</tt> or <tt class="filename">user.MAN</tt> file for the user, + making a backup if required. + </p></li></ol></div><p> +If all else fails, increase samba's debug log levels to between 3 and 10, +and / or run a packet trace program such as ethereal or <b class="command">netmon.exe</b>, and +look for error messages. +</p><p> +If you have access to an Windows NT4/200x server, then first set up roaming profiles +and / or netlogons on the Windows NT4/200x server. Make a packet trace, or examine +the example packet traces provided with Windows NT4/200x server, and see what the +differences are with the equivalent samba trace. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2946726"></a>Windows NT4 Workstation</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +When a user first logs in to a Windows NT Workstation, the profile +NTuser.DAT is created. The profile location can be now specified +through the <a class="indexterm" name="id2946739"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> parameter. +</p><p> +There is a parameter that is now available for use with NT Profiles: +<a class="indexterm" name="id2946758"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon drive</tt></i>. This should be set to <tt class="filename">H:</tt> or any other drive, and +should be used in conjunction with the new <a class="indexterm" name="id2946781"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> parameter. +</p><p> +The entry for the NT4 profile is a _directory_ not a file. The NT +help on profiles mentions that a directory is also created with a .PDS +extension. The user, while logging in, must have write permission to +create the full profile path (and the folder with the .PDS extension +for those situations where it might be created.) +</p><p> +In the profile directory, Windows NT4 creates more folders than Windows 9x / Me. +It creates <tt class="filename">Application Data</tt> and others, as well as <tt class="filename">Desktop</tt>, <tt class="filename">Nethood</tt>, +<tt class="filename">Start Menu</tt> and <tt class="filename">Programs</tt>. The profile itself is stored in a file +<tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt>. Nothing appears to be stored in the .PDS directory, and +its purpose is currently unknown. +</p><p> +You can use the <span class="application">System Control Panel</span> to copy a local profile onto +a samba server (see NT Help on profiles: it is also capable of firing +up the correct location in the <span class="application">System Control Panel</span> for you). The +NT Help file also mentions that renaming <tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt> to <tt class="filename">NTuser.MAN</tt> +turns a profile into a mandatory one. +</p><p> +The case of the profile is significant. The file must be called +<tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt> or, for a mandatory profile, <tt class="filename">NTuser.MAN</tt>. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2946911"></a>Windows 2000/XP Professional</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +You must first convert the profile from a local profile to a domain +profile on the MS Windows workstation as follows: +</p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p> + Log on as the <span class="emphasis"><em>LOCAL</em></span> workstation administrator. + </p></li><li><p> + Right click on the <span class="guiicon">My Computer</span> Icon, select <span class="guimenuitem">Properties</span> + </p></li><li><p> + Click on the <span class="guilabel">User Profiles</span> tab + </p></li><li><p> + Select the profile you wish to convert (click on it once) + </p></li><li><p> + Click on the button <span class="guibutton">Copy To</span> + </p></li><li><p> + In the <span class="guilabel">Permitted to use</span> box, click on the <span class="guibutton">Change</span> button. + </p></li><li><p> + Click on the 'Look in" area that lists the machine name, when you click + here it will open up a selection box. Click on the domain to which the + profile must be accessible. + </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>You will need to log on if a logon box opens up. Eg: In the connect as: <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMAIN</tt></i>\root, password: <i class="replaceable"><tt>mypassword</tt></i>.</p></div></li><li><p> + To make the profile capable of being used by anyone select 'Everyone' + </p></li><li><p> + Click <span class="guibutton">OK</span>. The Selection box will close. + </p></li><li><p> + Now click on the <span class="guibutton">Ok</span> button to create the profile in the path you + nominated. + </p></li></ol></div><p> +Done. You now have a profile that can be edited using the samba +<b class="command">profiles</b> tool. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +Under NT/2K the use of mandatory profiles forces the use of MS Exchange +storage of mail data. That keeps desktop profiles usable. +</p></div><div class="procedure"><p class="title"><b>Procedure 24.2. Windows XP Service Pack 1</b></p><ol type="1"><li><p> +This is a security check new to Windows XP (or maybe only +Windows XP service pack 1). It can be disabled via a group policy in +Active Directory. The policy is:</p><p><tt class="filename">Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\System\User +Profiles\Do not check for user ownership of Roaming Profile Folders</tt></p><p>...and it should be set to <tt class="constant">Enabled</tt>. +Does the new version of samba have an Active Directory analogue? If so, +then you may be able to set the policy through this. +</p><p> +If you cannot set group policies in samba, then you may be able to set +the policy locally on each machine. If you want to try this, then do +the following (N.B. I don't know for sure that this will work in the +same way as a domain group policy): +</p></li><li><p> +On the XP workstation log in with an Administrator account. +</p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guimenu">Start</span>, <span class="guimenuitem">Run</span></p></li><li><p>Type: <b class="userinput"><tt>mmc</tt></b></p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guibutton">OK</span></p></li><li><p>A Microsoft Management Console should appear.</p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guimenu">File</span>, <span class="guimenuitem">Add/Remove Snap-in...</span>, <span class="guimenuitem">Add</span></p></li><li><p>Double-Click: <span class="guiicon">Group Policy</span></p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guibutton">Finish</span>, <span class="guibutton">Close</span></p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guibutton">OK</span></p></li><li><p>In the "Console Root" window:</p></li><li><p>Expand: <span class="guiicon">Local Computer Policy</span>, <span class="guiicon">Computer Configuration</span>, + <span class="guiicon">Administrative Templates</span>, <span class="guiicon">System</span>, <span class="guiicon">User Profiles</span></p></li><li><p>Double-Click: <span class="guilabel">Do not check for user ownership of Roaming Profile Folders</span></p></li><li><p>Select: <span class="guilabel">Enabled</span></p></li><li><p>Click: <span class="guibutton">OK</span></p></li><li><p>Close the whole console. You do not need to save the settings (this + refers to the console settings rather than the policies you have + changed).</p></li><li><p>Reboot</p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2947427"></a>Sharing Profiles between W9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP workstations</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Sharing of desktop profiles between Windows versions is NOT recommended. +Desktop profiles are an evolving phenomenon and profiles for later versions +of MS Windows clients add features that may interfere with earlier versions +of MS Windows clients. Probably the more salient reason to NOT mix profiles +is that when logging off an earlier version of MS Windows the older format +of profile contents may overwrite information that belongs to the newer +version resulting in loss of profile information content when that user logs +on again with the newer version of MS Windows. +</p><p> +If you then want to share the same Start Menu / Desktop with W9x/Me, you will +need to specify a common location for the profiles. The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameters +that need to be common are <a class="indexterm" name="id2947463"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> and +<a class="indexterm" name="id2947477"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i>. +</p><p> +If you have this set up correctly, you will find separate <tt class="filename">user.DAT</tt> and +<tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt> files in the same profile directory. +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2947512"></a>Profile Migration from Windows NT4/200x Server to Samba</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +There is nothing to stop you specifying any path that you like for the +location of users' profiles. Therefore, you could specify that the +profile be stored on a samba server, or any other SMB server, as long as +that SMB server supports encrypted passwords. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2947528"></a>Windows NT4 Profile Management Tools</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Unfortunately, the Resource Kit information is specific to the version of MS Windows +NT4/200x. The correct resource kit is required for each platform. +</p><p> +Here is a quick guide: +</p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p> +On your NT4 Domain Controller, right click on <span class="guiicon">My Computer</span>, then +select the tab labelled <span class="guilabel">User Profiles</span>. +</p></li><li><p> +Select a user profile you want to migrate and click on it. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>I am using the term "migrate" loosely. You can copy a profile to +create a group profile. You can give the user 'Everyone' rights to the +profile you copy this to. That is what you need to do, since your samba +domain is not a member of a trust relationship with your NT4 PDC.</p></div></li><li><p>Click the <span class="guibutton">Copy To</span> button.</p></li><li><p>In the box labelled <span class="guilabel">Copy Profile to</span> add your new path, eg: + <tt class="filename">c:\temp\foobar</tt></p></li><li><p>Click on the button <span class="guibutton">Change</span> in the <span class="guilabel">Permitted to use</span> box.</p></li><li><p>Click on the group 'Everyone' and then click <span class="guibutton">OK</span>. This closes the + 'choose user' box.</p></li><li><p>Now click <span class="guibutton">OK</span>.</p></li></ol></div><p> +Follow the above for every profile you need to migrate. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2947698"></a>Side bar Notes</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +You should obtain the SID of your NT4 domain. You can use smbpasswd to do +this. Read the man page.</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2947712"></a>moveuser.exe</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The W2K professional resource kit has moveuser.exe. moveuser.exe changes +the security of a profile from one user to another. This allows the account +domain to change, and/or the user name to change. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2947728"></a>Get SID</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +You can identify the SID by using GetSID.exe from the Windows NT Server 4.0 +Resource Kit. +</p><p> +Windows NT 4.0 stores the local profile information in the registry under +the following key: +<tt class="filename">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</tt> +</p><p> +Under the ProfileList key, there will be subkeys named with the SIDs of the +users who have logged on to this computer. (To find the profile information +for the user whose locally cached profile you want to move, find the SID for +the user with the GetSID.exe utility.) Inside of the appropriate user's +subkey, you will see a string value named ProfileImagePath. +</p></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2947770"></a>Mandatory profiles</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +A Mandatory Profile is a profile that the user does NOT have the ability to overwrite. +During the user's session it may be possible to change the desktop environment, but +as the user logs out all changes made will be lost. If it is desired to NOT allow the +user any ability to change the desktop environment then this must be done through +policy settings. See previous chapter. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +Under NO circumstances should the profile directory (or it's contents) be made read-only +as this may render the profile un-usable. +</p></div><p> +For MS Windows NT4/200x/XP the above method can be used to create mandatory profiles +also. To convert a group profile into a mandatory profile simply locate the NTUser.DAT +file in the copied profile and rename it to NTUser.MAN. +</p><p> +For MS Windows 9x / Me it is the <tt class="filename">User.DAT</tt> file that must be renamed to <tt class="filename">User.MAN</tt> to +affect a mandatory profile. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2947828"></a>Creating/Managing Group Profiles</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Most organisations are arranged into departments. There is a nice benefit in +this fact since usually most users in a department will require the same desktop +applications and the same desktop layout. MS Windows NT4/200x/XP will allow the +use of Group Profiles. A Group Profile is a profile that is created firstly using +a template (example) user. Then using the profile migration tool (see above) the +profile is assigned access rights for the user group that needs to be given access +to the group profile. +</p><p> +The next step is rather important. <span class="emphasis"><em>Please note:</em></span> Instead of assigning a group profile +to users (ie: Using User Manager) on a "per user" basis, the group itself is assigned +the now modified profile. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + Be careful with group profiles, if the user who is a member of a group also + has a personal profile, then the result will be a fusion (merge) of the two. + </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2947873"></a>Default Profile for Windows Users</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +MS Windows 9x / Me and NT4/200x/XP will use a default profile for any user for whom +a profile does not already exist. Armed with a knowledge of where the default profile +is located on the Windows workstation, and knowing which registry keys affect the path +from which the default profile is created, it is possible to modify the default profile +to one that has been optimised for the site. This has significant administrative +advantages. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2947893"></a>MS Windows 9x/Me</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +To enable default per use profiles in Windows 9x / Me you can either use the <span class="application">Windows 98 System +Policy Editor</span> or change the registry directly. +</p><p> +To enable default per user profiles in Windows 9x / Me, launch the <span class="application">System Policy Editor</span>, then +select <span class="guimenu">File</span> -> <span class="guimenuitem">Open Registry</span>, then click on the +<span class="guiicon">Local Computer</span> icon, click on <span class="guilabel">Windows 98 System</span>, +select <span class="guilabel">User Profiles</span>, click on the enable box. Do not forget to save the registry changes. +</p><p> +To modify the registry directly, launch the <span class="application">Registry Editor</span> (<b class="command">regedit.exe</b>), select the hive +<tt class="filename">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Network\Logon</tt>. Now add a DWORD type key with the name +"User Profiles", to enable user profiles set the value to 1, to disable user profiles set it to 0. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2947996"></a>How User Profiles Are Handled in Windows 9x / Me?</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +When a user logs on to a Windows 9x / Me machine, the local profile path, +<tt class="filename">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</tt>, is checked +for an existing entry for that user: +</p><p> +If the user has an entry in this registry location, Windows 9x / Me checks for a locally cached +version of the user profile. Windows 9x / Me also checks the user's home directory (or other +specified directory if the location has been modified) on the server for the User Profile. +If a profile exists in both locations, the newer of the two is used. If the User Profile exists +on the server, but does not exist on the local machine, the profile on the server is downloaded +and used. If the User Profile only exists on the local machine, that copy is used. +</p><p> +If a User Profile is not found in either location, the Default User Profile from the Windows 9x / Me +machine is used and is copied to a newly created folder for the logged on user. At log off, any +changes that the user made are written to the user's local profile. If the user has a roaming +profile, the changes are written to the user's profile on the server. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2948045"></a>MS Windows NT4 Workstation</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +On MS Windows NT4 the default user profile is obtained from the location +<tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles</tt> which in a default installation will translate to +<tt class="filename">C:\WinNT\Profiles</tt>. Under this directory on a clean install there will be +three (3) directories: <tt class="filename">Administrator</tt>, <tt class="filename">All Users</tt>, <tt class="filename">Default User</tt>. +</p><p> +The <tt class="filename">All Users</tt> directory contains menu settings that are common across all +system users. The <tt class="filename">Default User</tt> directory contains menu entries that are +customisable per user depending on the profile settings chosen/created. +</p><p> +When a new user first logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine a new profile is created from: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>All Users settings</p></li><li><p>Default User settings (contains the default NTUser.DAT file)</p></li></ul></div><p> +When a user logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine that is a member of a Microsoft security domain +the following steps are followed in respect of profile handling: +</p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p> + The users' account information which is obtained during the logon process contains + the location of the users' desktop profile. The profile path may be local to the + machine or it may be located on a network share. If there exists a profile at the location + of the path from the user account, then this profile is copied to the location + <tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</tt>. This profile then inherits the + settings in the <tt class="filename">All Users</tt> profile in the <tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles</tt> + location. + </p></li><li><p> + If the user account has a profile path, but at it's location a profile does not exist, + then a new profile is created in the <tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</tt> + directory from reading the <tt class="filename">Default User</tt> profile. + </p></li><li><p> + If the NETLOGON share on the authenticating server (logon server) contains a policy file + (<tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt>) then it's contents are applied to the <tt class="filename">NTUser.DAT</tt> + which is applied to the <tt class="filename">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</tt> part of the registry. + </p></li><li><p> + When the user logs out, if the profile is set to be a roaming profile it will be written + out to the location of the profile. The <tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt> file is then + re-created from the contents of the <tt class="filename">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</tt> contents. + Thus, should there not exist in the NETLOGON share an <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> at the + next logon, the effect of the previous <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> will still be held + in the profile. The effect of this is known as <span class="emphasis"><em>tatooing</em></span>. + </p></li></ol></div><p> +MS Windows NT4 profiles may be <span class="emphasis"><em>Local</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>Roaming</em></span>. A Local profile +will stored in the <tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</tt> location. A roaming profile will +also remain stored in the same way, unless the following registry key is created: +</p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ +winlogon\"DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:00000001 +</pre><p> + +In which case, the local copy (in <tt class="filename">%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</tt>) will be +deleted on logout. +</p><p> +Under MS Windows NT4 default locations for common resources (like <tt class="filename">My Documents</tt> +may be redirected to a network share by modifying the following registry keys. These changes may be affected +via use of the System Policy Editor (to do so may require that you create your owns template extension +for the policy editor to allow this to be done through the GUI. Another way to do this is by way of first +creating a default user profile, then while logged in as that user, run regedt32 to edit the key settings. +</p><p> +The Registry Hive key that affects the behaviour of folders that are part of the default user profile +are controlled by entries on Windows NT4 is: +</p><p> +<tt class="filename">HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders\</tt> +</p><p> +The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are: +</p><p> +</p><div class="table"><a name="id2948397"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 24.1. User Shell Folder registry keys default values</b></p><table summary="User Shell Folder registry keys default values" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Default Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AppData</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Application Data</td></tr><tr><td>Desktop</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Desktop</td></tr><tr><td>Favorites</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Favorites</td></tr><tr><td>NetHood</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\NetHood</td></tr><tr><td>PrintHood</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\PrintHood</td></tr><tr><td>Programs</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs</td></tr><tr><td>Recent</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Recent</td></tr><tr><td>SendTo</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\SendTo</td></tr><tr><td>Start Menu </td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu</td></tr><tr><td>Startup</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> +</p><p> +The registry key that contains the location of the default profile settings is: +</p><p> +<tt class="filename">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders</tt> +</p><p> +The default entries are: + +</p><div class="table"><a name="id2948541"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 24.2. Defaults of profile settings registry keys</b></p><table summary="Defaults of profile settings registry keys" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Common Desktop</td><td>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Desktop</td></tr><tr><td>Common Programs</td><td>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Programs</td></tr><tr><td>Common Start Menu</td><td>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu</td></tr><tr><td>Common Startup</td><td>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2948600"></a>MS Windows 200x/XP</h3></div></div><div></div></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + MS Windows XP Home Edition does use default per user profiles, but can not participate + in domain security, can not log onto an NT/ADS style domain, and thus can obtain the profile + only from itself. While there are benefits in doing this the beauty of those MS Windows + clients that CAN participate in domain logon processes allows the administrator to create + a global default profile and to enforce it through the use of Group Policy Objects (GPOs). + </p></div><p> +When a new user first logs onto MS Windows 200x/XP machine the default profile is obtained from +<tt class="filename">C:\Documents and Settings\Default User</tt>. The administrator can modify (or change +the contents of this location and MS Windows 200x/XP will gladly use it. This is far from the optimum +arrangement since it will involve copying a new default profile to every MS Windows 200x/XP client +workstation. +</p><p> +When MS Windows 200x/XP participate in a domain security context, and if the default user +profile is not found, then the client will search for a default profile in the NETLOGON share +of the authenticating server. ie: In MS Windows parlance: +<tt class="filename">%LOGONSERVER%\NETLOGON\Default User</tt> and if one exits there it will copy this +to the workstation to the <tt class="filename">C:\Documents and Settings\</tt> under the Windows +login name of the user. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + This path translates, in Samba parlance, to the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> <i class="parameter"><tt>[NETLOGON]</tt></i> share. The directory + should be created at the root of this share and must be called <tt class="filename">Default Profile</tt>. + </p></div><p> +If a default profile does not exist in this location then MS Windows 200x/XP will use the local +default profile. +</p><p> +On logging out, the users' desktop profile will be stored to the location specified in the registry +settings that pertain to the user. If no specific policies have been created, or passed to the client +during the login process (as Samba does automatically), then the user's profile will be written to +the local machine only under the path <tt class="filename">C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%</tt>. +</p><p> +Those wishing to modify the default behaviour can do so through three methods: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + Modify the registry keys on the local machine manually and place the new default profile in the + NETLOGON share root - NOT recommended as it is maintenance intensive. + </p></li><li><p> + Create an NT4 style NTConfig.POL file that specified this behaviour and locate this file + in the root of the NETLOGON share along with the new default profile. + </p></li><li><p> + Create a GPO that enforces this through Active Directory, and place the new default profile + in the NETLOGON share. + </p></li></ul></div><p> +The Registry Hive key that affects the behaviour of folders that are part of the default user profile +are controlled by entries on Windows 200x/XP is: +</p><p> +<tt class="filename">HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders\</tt> +</p><p> +The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are: +</p><p> +</p><div class="table"><a name="id2948802"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 24.3. Defaults of default user profile paths registry keys</b></p><table summary="Defaults of default user profile paths registry keys" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Default Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>AppData</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Application Data</td></tr><tr><td>Cache</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files</td></tr><tr><td>Cookies</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Cookies</td></tr><tr><td>Desktop</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Desktop</td></tr><tr><td>Favorites</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Favorites</td></tr><tr><td>History</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\History</td></tr><tr><td>Local AppData</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Application Data</td></tr><tr><td>Local Settings</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings</td></tr><tr><td>My Pictures</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\My Documents\My Pictures</td></tr><tr><td>NetHood</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\NetHood</td></tr><tr><td>Personal</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\My Documents</td></tr><tr><td>PrintHood</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\PrintHood</td></tr><tr><td>Programs</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs</td></tr><tr><td>Recent</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Recent</td></tr><tr><td>SendTo</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\SendTo</td></tr><tr><td>Start Menu</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu</td></tr><tr><td>Startup</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</td></tr><tr><td>Templates</td><td>%USERPROFILE%\Templates</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> +</p><p> +There is also an entry called "Default" that has no value set. The default entry is of type <tt class="constant">REG_SZ</tt>, all +the others are of type <tt class="constant">REG_EXPAND_SZ</tt>. +</p><p> +It makes a huge difference to the speed of handling roaming user profiles if all the folders are +stored on a dedicated location on a network server. This means that it will NOT be necessary to +write the Outlook PST file over the network for every login and logout. +</p><p> +To set this to a network location you could use the following examples: +</p><p><tt class="filename">%LOGONSERVER%\%USERNAME%\Default Folders</tt></p><p> +This would store the folders in the user's home directory under a directory called <tt class="filename">Default Folders</tt> +You could also use: +</p><p><tt class="filename">\\<i class="replaceable"><tt>SambaServer</tt></i>\<i class="replaceable"><tt>FolderShare</tt></i>\%USERNAME%</tt></p><p> + in which case the default folders will be stored in the server named <i class="replaceable"><tt>SambaServer</tt></i> +in the share called <i class="replaceable"><tt>FolderShare</tt></i> under a directory that has the name of the MS Windows +user as seen by the Linux/UNIX file system. +</p><p> +Please note that once you have created a default profile share, you MUST migrate a user's profile +(default or custom) to it. +</p><p> +MS Windows 200x/XP profiles may be <span class="emphasis"><em>Local</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>Roaming</em></span>. +A roaming profile will be cached locally unless the following registry key is created: +</p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ + winlogon\"DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:00000001</pre><p> +In which case, the local cache copy will be deleted on logout. +</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2949100"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The following are some typical errors/problems/questions that have been asked. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2949130"></a>Setting up roaming profiles for just a few user's or group's?</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +With samba-2.2.x the choice you have is to enable or disable roaming +profiles support. It is a global only setting. The default is to have +roaming profiles and the default path will locate them in the user's home +directory. +</p><p> +If disabled globally then no-one will have roaming profile ability. +If enabled and you want it to apply only to certain machines, then on +those machines on which roaming profile support is NOT wanted it is then +necessary to disable roaming profile handling in the registry of each such +machine. +</p><p> +With samba-3 you can have a global profile +setting in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> _AND_ you can over-ride this by per-user settings +using the Domain User Manager (as with MS Windows NT4/ Win 2Kx). +</p><p> +In any case, you can configure only one profile per user. That profile can +be either: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>A profile unique to that user</p></li><li><p>A mandatory profile (one the user can not change)</p></li><li><p>A group profile (really should be mandatory ie:unchangable)</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2949201"></a>Can NOT use Roaming Profiles</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +A user requested the following: +“<span class="quote"> +I do not want Roaming profiles to be implemented. I want to give users a local profile alone. ... +Please help me I am totally lost with this error. For the past two days I tried everything, I googled +around but found no useful pointers. Please help me. +</span>”</p><p> +The choices are: +</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Local profiles:</span></dt><dd><p> + I know of no registry keys that will allow auto-deletion of LOCAL profiles on log out + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Roaming profiles:</span></dt><dd><p> + As a user logs onto the network a centrally stored profile is copied to the workstation + to form a local profile. This local profile will persist (remain on the workstation disk) + unless a registry key is changed that will cause this profile to be automatically deleted + on logout. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> +The <span class="emphasis"><em>Roaming Profile</em></span> choices are: +</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Personal Roaming profiles</span></dt><dd><p> + These are typically stored in a profile share on a central (or conveniently located + local) server. + </p><p> + Workstations 'cache' (store) a local copy of the profile. This cached copy is used when + the profile can not be downloaded at next logon. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Group profiles</span></dt><dd><p>These are loaded from a central profile server</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Mandatory profiles</span></dt><dd><p> + Mandatory profiles can be created for a user as well as for any group that a user + is a member of. Mandatory profiles can NOT be changed by ordinary users. Only the administrator + can change or reconfigure a mandatory profile. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> +A WinNT4/2K/XP profile can vary in size from 130KB to off the scale. +Outlook PST files are most often part of the profile and can be many GB in +size. On average (in a well controlled environment) roaming profile size of +2MB is a good rule of thumb to use for planning purposes. In an +undisciplined environment I have seen up to 2GB profiles. Users tend to +complain when it take an hour to log onto a workstation but they harvest +the fruits of folly (and ignorance). +</p><p> +The point of all the above is to show that roaming profiles and good +controls of how they can be changed as well as good discipline make up for +a problem free site. +</p><p> +Microsoft's answer to the PST problem is to store all email in an MS +Exchange Server back-end. This removes the need for a PST file. +</p><p> +LOCAL profiles mean: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>If each machine is used my many users then much local disk storage is needed for local profiles</p></li><li><p>Every workstation the user logs into has it's own profile, these can be very different from machine to machine</p></li></ul></div><p> +On the other hand, use of roaming profiles means: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The network administrator can control the desktop environment of all users.</p></li><li><p>Use of mandatory profiles drasitcally reduces network management overheads.</p></li><li><p>In the long run users will be experience fewer problems.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2949414"></a>Changing the default profile</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +<span class="emphasis"><em>Question:</em></span> +“<span class="quote"> +When the client logs onto the domain controller it searches for a profile to download, +where do I put this default profile? +</span>”</p><p> +Firstly, the samba server needs to be configured as a domain controller. +This can be done by setting in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>: +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>security = user</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>os level = 32 (or more)</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>domain logons = Yes</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> +There must be an <i class="parameter"><tt>[netlogon]</tt></i> share that is world readable. +It is a good idea to add a logon script to pre-set printer and +drive connections. There is also a facility for automatically +synchronizing the workstation time clock with that of the logon +server (another good thing to do). +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +To invoke auto-deletion of roaming profile from the local +workstation cache (disk storage) use the <span class="application">Group Policy Editor</span> +to create a file called <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> with the appropriate entries. This +file needs to be located in the <i class="parameter"><tt>netlogon</tt></i> share root directory.</p></div><p> +Windows clients need to be members of the domain. Workgroup machines do NOT use network logons so +they do not interoperate with domain profiles. +</p><p> +For roaming profiles add to <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>: +</p><p> +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># Default logon drive is Z:</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>logon drive = H:</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># This requires a PROFILES share that is world writable.</td></tr></table><p> +</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="PolicyMgmt.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pam.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 23. 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