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authorGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2002-10-25 15:15:32 +0000
committerGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2002-10-25 15:15:32 +0000
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-<HTML
-><HEAD
-><TITLE
->How to Install and Test SAMBA</TITLE
-><META
-NAME="GENERATOR"
-CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.57"></HEAD
-><BODY
-CLASS="ARTICLE"
-BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
-TEXT="#000000"
-LINK="#0000FF"
-VLINK="#840084"
-ALINK="#0000FF"
-><DIV
-CLASS="ARTICLE"
-><DIV
-CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
-><H1
-CLASS="TITLE"
-><A
-NAME="INSTALL"
->How to Install and Test SAMBA</A
-></H1
-><HR></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN3"
->Step 0: Read the man pages</A
-></H1
-><P
->The man pages distributed with SAMBA contain
- lots of useful info that will help to get you started.
- If you don't know how to read man pages then try
- something like:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->$ </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->nroff -man smbd.8 | more
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Other sources of information are pointed to
- by the Samba web site,<A
-HREF="http://www.samba.org/"
-TARGET="_top"
-> http://www.samba.org</A
-></P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN11"
->Step 1: Building the Binaries</A
-></H1
-><P
->To do this, first run the program <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->./configure
- </B
-> in the source directory. This should automatically
- configure Samba for your operating system. If you have unusual
- needs then you may wish to run</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->./configure --help
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->first to see what special options you can enable.
- Then executing</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->make</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->will create the binaries. Once it's successfully
- compiled you can use </P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->make install</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->to install the binaries and manual pages. You can
- separately install the binaries and/or man pages using</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->make installbin
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->and</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->make installman
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Note that if you are upgrading for a previous version
- of Samba you might like to know that the old versions of
- the binaries will be renamed with a ".old" extension. You
- can go back to the previous version with</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->make revert
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->if you find this version a disaster!</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN39"
->Step 2: The all important step</A
-></H1
-><P
->At this stage you must fetch yourself a
- coffee or other drink you find stimulating. Getting the rest
- of the install right can sometimes be tricky, so you will
- probably need it.</P
-><P
->If you have installed samba before then you can skip
- this step.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN43"
->Step 3: Create the smb configuration file.</A
-></H1
-><P
->There are sample configuration files in the examples
- subdirectory in the distribution. I suggest you read them
- carefully so you can see how the options go together in
- practice. See the man page for all the options.</P
-><P
->The simplest useful configuration file would be
- something like this:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
-> [global]
- workgroup = MYGROUP
-
- [homes]
- guest ok = no
- read only = no
- </PRE
-></P
-><P
->which would allow connections by anyone with an
- account on the server, using either their login name or
- "homes" as the service name. (Note that I also set the
- workgroup that Samba is part of. See BROWSING.txt for details)</P
-><P
->Note that <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->make install</B
-> will not install
- a <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
-> file. You need to create it
- yourself. </P
-><P
->Make sure you put the smb.conf file in the same place
- you specified in the<TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->Makefile</TT
-> (the default is to
- look for it in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/usr/local/samba/lib/</TT
->).</P
-><P
->For more information about security settings for the
- [homes] share please refer to the document UNIX_SECURITY.txt.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN57"
->Step 4: Test your config file with
- <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->testparm</B
-></A
-></H1
-><P
->It's important that you test the validity of your
- <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
-> file using the testparm program.
- If testparm runs OK then it will list the loaded services. If
- not it will give an error message.</P
-><P
->Make sure it runs OK and that the services look
- reasonable before proceeding. </P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN63"
->Step 5: Starting the smbd and nmbd</A
-></H1
-><P
->You must choose to start smbd and nmbd either
- as daemons or from <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->inetd</B
->. Don't try
- to do both! Either you can put them in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
-> inetd.conf</TT
-> and have them started on demand
- by <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->inetd</B
->, or you can start them as
- daemons either from the command line or in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
-> /etc/rc.local</TT
->. See the man pages for details
- on the command line options. Take particular care to read
- the bit about what user you need to be in order to start
- Samba. In many cases you must be root.</P
-><P
->The main advantage of starting <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbd</B
->
- and <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->nmbd</B
-> using the recommended daemon method
- is that they will respond slightly more quickly to an initial connection
- request.</P
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN73"
->Step 5a: Starting from inetd.conf</A
-></H2
-><P
->NOTE; The following will be different if
- you use NIS or NIS+ to distributed services maps.</P
-><P
->Look at your <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/services</TT
->.
- What is defined at port 139/tcp. If nothing is defined
- then add a line like this:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->netbios-ssn 139/tcp</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->similarly for 137/udp you should have an entry like:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->netbios-ns 137/udp</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Next edit your <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/inetd.conf</TT
->
- and add two lines something like this:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
-> netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd smbd
- netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd nmbd
- </PRE
-></P
-><P
->The exact syntax of <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/inetd.conf</TT
->
- varies between unixes. Look at the other entries in inetd.conf
- for a guide.</P
-><P
->NOTE: Some unixes already have entries like netbios_ns
- (note the underscore) in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/services</TT
->.
- You must either edit <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/services</TT
-> or
- <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/inetd.conf</TT
-> to make them consistent.</P
-><P
->NOTE: On many systems you may need to use the
- "interfaces" option in smb.conf to specify the IP address
- and netmask of your interfaces. Run <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->ifconfig</B
->
- as root if you don't know what the broadcast is for your
- net. <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->nmbd</B
-> tries to determine it at run
- time, but fails on some unixes. See the section on "testing nmbd"
- for a method of finding if you need to do this.</P
-><P
->!!!WARNING!!! Many unixes only accept around 5
- parameters on the command line in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->inetd.conf</TT
->.
- This means you shouldn't use spaces between the options and
- arguments, or you should use a script, and start the script
- from <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->inetd</B
->.</P
-><P
->Restart <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->inetd</B
->, perhaps just send
- it a HUP. If you have installed an earlier version of <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
-> nmbd</B
-> then you may need to kill nmbd as well.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN102"
->Step 5b. Alternative: starting it as a daemon</A
-></H2
-><P
->To start the server as a daemon you should create
- a script something like this one, perhaps calling
- it <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->startsmb</TT
->.</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
-> #!/bin/sh
- /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D
- /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D
- </PRE
-></P
-><P
->then make it executable with <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->chmod
- +x startsmb</B
-></P
-><P
->You can then run <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->startsmb</B
-> by
- hand or execute it from <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/rc.local</TT
->
- </P
-><P
->To kill it send a kill signal to the processes
- <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->nmbd</B
-> and <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbd</B
->.</P
-><P
->NOTE: If you use the SVR4 style init system then
- you may like to look at the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->examples/svr4-startup</TT
->
- script to make Samba fit into that system.</P
-></DIV
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN118"
->Step 6: Try listing the shares available on your
- server</A
-></H1
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->$ </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->smbclient -L
- <TT
-CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
-><I
->yourhostname</I
-></TT
-></B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->You should get back a list of shares available on
- your server. If you don't then something is incorrectly setup.
- Note that this method can also be used to see what shares
- are available on other LanManager clients (such as WfWg).</P
-><P
->If you choose user level security then you may find
- that Samba requests a password before it will list the shares.
- See the <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbclient</B
-> man page for details. (you
- can force it to list the shares without a password by
- adding the option -U% to the command line. This will not work
- with non-Samba servers)</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN127"
->Step 7: Try connecting with the unix client</A
-></H1
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->$ </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->smbclient <TT
-CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
-><I
-> //yourhostname/aservice</I
-></TT
-></B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Typically the <TT
-CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
-><I
->yourhostname</I
-></TT
->
- would be the name of the host where you installed <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
-> smbd</B
->. The <TT
-CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
-><I
->aservice</I
-></TT
-> is
- any service you have defined in the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
->
- file. Try your user name if you just have a [homes] section
- in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
->.</P
-><P
->For example if your unix host is bambi and your login
- name is fred you would type:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->$ </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->smbclient //bambi/fred
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN143"
->Step 8: Try connecting from a DOS, WfWg, Win9x, WinNT,
- Win2k, OS/2, etc... client</A
-></H1
-><P
->Try mounting disks. eg:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->net use d: \\servername\service
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Try printing. eg:</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->net use lpt1:
- \\servername\spoolservice</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->print filename
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->Celebrate, or send me a bug report!</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><HR><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN157"
->What If Things Don't Work?</A
-></H1
-><P
->If nothing works and you start to think "who wrote
- this pile of trash" then I suggest you do step 2 again (and
- again) till you calm down.</P
-><P
->Then you might read the file DIAGNOSIS.txt and the
- FAQ. If you are still stuck then try the mailing list or
- newsgroup (look in the README for details). Samba has been
- successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide, so maybe
- someone else has hit your problem and has overcome it. You could
- also use the WWW site to scan back issues of the samba-digest.</P
-><P
->When you fix the problem PLEASE send me some updates to the
- documentation (or source code) so that the next person will find it
- easier. </P
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN162"
->Diagnosing Problems</A
-></H2
-><P
->If you have installation problems then go to
- <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->DIAGNOSIS.txt</TT
-> to try to find the
- problem.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN166"
->Scope IDs</A
-></H2
-><P
->By default Samba uses a blank scope ID. This means
- all your windows boxes must also have a blank scope ID.
- If you really want to use a non-blank scope ID then you will
- need to use the 'netbios scope' smb.conf option.
- All your PCs will need to have the same setting for
- this to work. I do not recommend scope IDs.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN169"
->Choosing the Protocol Level</A
-></H2
-><P
->The SMB protocol has many dialects. Currently
- Samba supports 5, called CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1,
- LANMAN2 and NT1.</P
-><P
->You can choose what maximum protocol to support
- in the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
-> file. The default is
- NT1 and that is the best for the vast majority of sites.</P
-><P
->In older versions of Samba you may have found it
- necessary to use COREPLUS. The limitations that led to
- this have mostly been fixed. It is now less likely that you
- will want to use less than LANMAN1. The only remaining advantage
- of COREPLUS is that for some obscure reason WfWg preserves
- the case of passwords in this protocol, whereas under LANMAN1,
- LANMAN2 or NT1 it uppercases all passwords before sending them,
- forcing you to use the "password level=" option in some cases.</P
-><P
->The main advantage of LANMAN2 and NT1 is support for
- long filenames with some clients (eg: smbclient, Windows NT
- or Win95). </P
-><P
->See the smb.conf(5) manual page for more details.</P
-><P
->Note: To support print queue reporting you may find
- that you have to use TCP/IP as the default protocol under
- WfWg. For some reason if you leave Netbeui as the default
- it may break the print queue reporting on some systems.
- It is presumably a WfWg bug.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN178"
->Printing from UNIX to a Client PC</A
-></H2
-><P
->To use a printer that is available via a smb-based
- server from a unix host you will need to compile the
- smbclient program. You then need to install the script
- "smbprint". Read the instruction in smbprint for more details.
- </P
-><P
->There is also a SYSV style script that does much
- the same thing called smbprint.sysv. It contains instructions.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN182"
->Locking</A
-></H2
-><P
->One area which sometimes causes trouble is locking.</P
-><P
->There are two types of locking which need to be
- performed by a SMB server. The first is "record locking"
- which allows a client to lock a range of bytes in a open file.
- The second is the "deny modes" that are specified when a file
- is open.</P
-><P
->Record locking semantics under Unix is very
- different from record locking under Windows. Versions
- of Samba before 2.2 have tried to use the native
- fcntl() unix system call to implement proper record
- locking between different Samba clients. This can not
- be fully correct due to several reasons. The simplest
- is the fact that a Windows client is allowed to lock a
- byte range up to 2^32 or 2^64, depending on the client
- OS. The unix locking only supports byte ranges up to
- 2^31. So it is not possible to correctly satisfy a
- lock request above 2^31. There are many more
- differences, too many to be listed here.</P
-><P
->Samba 2.2 and above implements record locking
- completely independent of the underlying unix
- system. If a byte range lock that the client requests
- happens to fall into the range 0-2^31, Samba hands
- this request down to the Unix system. All other locks
- can not be seen by unix anyway.</P
-><P
->Strictly a SMB server should check for locks before
- every read and write call on a file. Unfortunately with the
- way fcntl() works this can be slow and may overstress the
- rpc.lockd. It is also almost always unnecessary as clients
- are supposed to independently make locking calls before reads
- and writes anyway if locking is important to them. By default
- Samba only makes locking calls when explicitly asked
- to by a client, but if you set "strict locking = yes" then it will
- make lock checking calls on every read and write. </P
-><P
->You can also disable by range locking completely
- using "locking = no". This is useful for those shares that
- don't support locking or don't need it (such as cdroms). In
- this case Samba fakes the return codes of locking calls to
- tell clients that everything is OK.</P
-><P
->The second class of locking is the "deny modes". These
- are set by an application when it opens a file to determine
- what types of access should be allowed simultaneously with
- its open. A client may ask for DENY_NONE, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE
- or DENY_ALL. There are also special compatibility modes called
- DENY_FCB and DENY_DOS.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><HR><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN191"
->Mapping Usernames</A
-></H2
-><P
->If you have different usernames on the PCs and
- the unix server then take a look at the "username map" option.
- See the smb.conf man page for details.</P
-></DIV
-></DIV
-></DIV
-></BODY
-></HTML
-> \ No newline at end of file