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| author | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-08-15 18:26:34 +0000 |
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| committer | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-08-15 18:26:34 +0000 |
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html b/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4d5432fd70 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html @@ -0,0 +1,785 @@ +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="samba-doc.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="NetworkBrowsing.html" title="Chapter 10. Samba / MS Windows Network Browsing Guide"><link rel="next" href="groupmapping.html" title="Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and UNIX Groups"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NetworkBrowsing.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="groupmapping.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="passdb"></a>Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jelmer@samba.org">jelmer@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jeremy</span> <span class="surname">Allison</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jra@samba.org">jra@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Olivier (lem)</span> <span class="surname">Lemaire</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">IDEALX<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:olem@IDEALX.org">olem@IDEALX.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">May 24, 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2898446">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2898460">Backwards Compatibility Backends</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2898561">New Backends</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2898749">Technical Information</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2898874">Important Notes About Security</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899165">Mapping User Identifiers between MS Windows and UNIX</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#idmapbackend">Mapping Common UIDs/GIDs on Distributed Machines</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#acctmgmttools">Account Management Tools</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899351">The smbpasswd Command</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899622">The pdbedit Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899860">Password Backends</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899902">Plain Text</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2899942">smbpasswd - Encrypted Password Database</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2900055">tdbsam</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2900089">ldapsam</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2901940">MySQL</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#XMLpassdb">XML</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2902790">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2902796">Users can not logon</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2902841">Users being added to wrong backend database</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2902952">auth methods does not work</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> +Samba 3 implements a new capability to work concurrently with multiple account backends. +The possible new combinations of password backends allows Samba 3 a degree of flexibility +and scalability that previously could be achieved only with MS Windows Active Directory. +This chapter describes the new functionality and how to get the most out of it. +</p><p> +In the course of development of Samba-3, a number of requests were received to provide the +ability to migrate MS Windows NT4 SAM accounts to Samba-3 without the need to provide +matching UNIX/Linux accounts. We called this the <span class="emphasis"><em>Non UNIX Accounts (NUA)</em></span> +capability. The intent was that an administrator could decide to use the <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> +backend and by simply specifying <a class="indexterm" name="id2898413"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> = tdbsam_nua +this would allow Samba-3 to implement a solution that did not use UNIX accounts per se. Late +in the development cycle, the team doing this work hit upon some obstacles that prevents this +solution from being used. Given the delays with Samba-3 release a decision was made to NOT +deliver this functionality until a better method of recognising NT Group SIDs from NT User +SIDs could be found. This feature may thus return during the life cycle for the Samba-3 series. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +Samba-3 does NOT support Non-UNIX Account (NUA) operation for user accounts. +Samba-3 does support NUA operation for machine accounts. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2898446"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Samba-3 provides for complete backwards compatibility with Samba-2.2.x functionality +as follows: +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2898460"></a>Backwards Compatibility Backends</h3></div></div><div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Plain Text:</span></dt><dd><p> + This option uses nothing but the UNIX/Linux <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> + style back end. On systems that have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) + support all PAM modules are supported. The behaviour is just as it was with + Samba-2.2.x, and the protocol limitations imposed by MS Windows clients + apply likewise. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">smbpasswd:</span></dt><dd><p> + This option allows continues use of the <tt class="filename">smbpasswd</tt> + file that maintains a plain ASCII (text) layout that includes the MS Windows + LanMan and NT encrypted passwords as well as a field that stores some + account information. This form of password backend does NOT store any of + the MS Windows NT/200x SAM (Security Account Manager) information needed to + provide the extended controls that are needed for more comprehensive + interoperation with MS Windows NT4 / 200x servers. + </p><p> + This backend should be used only for backwards compatibility with older + versions of Samba. It may be deprecated in future releases. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">ldapsam_compat (Samba-2.2 LDAP Compatibility):</span></dt><dd><p> + There is a password backend option that allows continued operation with + a existing OpenLDAP backend that uses the Samba-2.2.x LDAP schema extension. + This option is provided primarily as a migration tool, although there is + no reason to force migration at this time. Note that this tool will eventually + be deprecated. + </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2898561"></a>New Backends</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Samba-3 introduces the following new password backend capabilities: +</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">tdbsam:</span></dt><dd><p> + This backend provides a rich database backend for local servers. This + backend is NOT suitable for multiple domain controller (ie: PDC + one + or more BDC) installations. + </p><p> + The <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> password backend stores the old <span class="emphasis"><em> + smbpasswd</em></span> information PLUS the extended MS Windows NT / 200x + SAM information into a binary format TDB (trivial database) file. + The inclusion of the extended information makes it possible for Samba-3 + to implement the same account and system access controls that are possible + with MS Windows NT4 and MS Windows 200x based systems. + </p><p> + The inclusion of the <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> capability is a direct + response to user requests to allow simple site operation without the overhead + of the complexities of running OpenLDAP. It is recommended to use this only + for sites that have fewer than 250 users. For larger sites or implementations + the use of OpenLDAP or of Active Directory integration is strongly recommended. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">ldapsam:</span></dt><dd><p> + This provides a rich directory backend for distributed account installation. + </p><p> + Samba-3 has a new and extended LDAP implementation that requires configuration + of OpenLDAP with a new format samba schema. The new format schema file is + included in the <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP</tt> directory of the Samba distribution. + </p><p> + The new LDAP implementation significantly expands the control abilities that + were possible with prior versions of Samba. It is now possible to specify + "per user" profile settings, home directories, account access controls, and + much more. Corporate sites will see that the Samba-Team has listened to their + requests both for capability and to allow greater scalability. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">mysqlsam (MySQL based backend):</span></dt><dd><p> + It is expected that the MySQL based SAM will be very popular in some corners. + This database backend will be on considerable interest to sites that want to + leverage existing MySQL technology. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">xmlsam (XML based datafile):</span></dt><dd><p> + Allows the account and password data to be stored in an XML format + data file. This backend can not be used for normal operation, it can only + be used in conjunction with <b class="command">pdbedit</b>'s pdb2pdb + functionality. The DTD that is used might be subject to changes in the future. + </p><p> + The xmlsam option can be useful for account migration between database + backends or backups. Use of this tool will allow the data to be edited before migration + into another backend format. + </p></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2898749"></a>Technical Information</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Old windows clients send plain text passwords over the wire. Samba can check these + passwords by crypting them and comparing them to the hash stored in the unix user database. + </p><p> + Newer windows clients send encrypted passwords (so-called Lanman and NT hashes) over + the wire, instead of plain text passwords. The newest clients will send only encrypted + passwords and refuse to send plain text passwords, unless their registry is tweaked. + </p><p> + These passwords can't be converted to unix style encrypted passwords. Because of that, + you can't use the standard unix user database, and you have to store the Lanman and NT + hashes somewhere else. + </p><p> + In addition to differently encrypted passwords, windows also stores certain data for each + user that is not stored in a unix user database. e.g: workstations the user may logon from, + the location where the users' profile is stored, and so on. Samba retrieves and stores this + information using a <a class="indexterm" name="id2898789"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i>. Commonly available backends are LDAP, plain text + file, MySQL and nisplus. For more information, see the man page for <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> regarding the + <a class="indexterm" name="id2898812"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> parameter. + </p><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-diag"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 11.1. IDMAP</b></p><div class="mediaobject"><img src="projdoc/imagefiles/idmap.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP"></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2898874"></a>Important Notes About Security</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The unix and SMB password encryption techniques seem similar on the surface. This + similarity is, however, only skin deep. The unix scheme typically sends clear text + passwords over the network when logging in. This is bad. The SMB encryption scheme + never sends the cleartext password over the network but it does store the 16 byte + hashed values on disk. This is also bad. Why? Because the 16 byte hashed values + are a "password equivalent". You cannot derive the user's password from them, but + they could potentially be used in a modified client to gain access to a server. + This would require considerable technical knowledge on behalf of the attacker but + is perfectly possible. You should thus treat the data stored in whatever passdb + backend you use (smbpasswd file, ldap, mysql) as though it contained the cleartext + passwords of all your users. Its contents must be kept secret, and the file should + be protected accordingly. + </p><p> + Ideally we would like a password scheme that involves neither plain text passwords + on the net nor on disk. Unfortunately this is not available as Samba is stuck with + having to be compatible with other SMB systems (WinNT, WfWg, Win95 etc). + </p><p> + Windows NT 4.0 Service pack 3 changed the default setting so that plaintext passwords + are disabled from being sent over the wire. This mandates either the use of encrypted + password support or edit the Windows NT registry to re-enable plaintext passwords. + </p><p> + The following versions of MS Windows do not support full domain security protocols, + although they may log onto a domain environment: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>MS DOS Network client 3.0 with the basic network redirector installed</p></li><li><p>Windows 95 with the network redirector update installed</p></li><li><p>Windows 98 [se]</p></li><li><p>Windows Me</p></li></ul></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + MS Windows XP Home does not have facilities to become a domain member and it can + not participate in domain logons. + </p></div><p> + The following versions of MS Windows fully support domain security protocols. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Windows NT 3.5x</p></li><li><p>Windows NT 4.0</p></li><li><p>Windows 2000 Professional</p></li><li><p>Windows 200x Server/Advanced Server</p></li><li><p>Windows XP Professional</p></li></ul></div><p> + All current release of Microsoft SMB/CIFS clients support authentication via the + SMB Challenge/Response mechanism described here. Enabling clear text authentication + does not disable the ability of the client to participate in encrypted authentication. + Instead, it allows the client to negotiate either plain text _or_ encrypted password + handling. + </p><p> + MS Windows clients will cache the encrypted password alone. Where plain text passwords + are re-enabled, through the appropriate registry change, the plain text password is NEVER + cached. This means that in the event that a network connections should become disconnected + (broken) only the cached (encrypted) password will be sent to the resource server to + affect a auto-reconnect. If the resource server does not support encrypted passwords the + auto-reconnect will fail. <span class="emphasis"><em>USE OF ENCRYPTED PASSWORDS IS STRONGLY ADVISED.</em></span> + </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2899068"></a>Advantages of Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div><div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Plain text passwords are not passed across + the network. Someone using a network sniffer cannot just + record passwords going to the SMB server.</p></li><li><p>Plain text passwords are not stored anywhere in + memory or on disk.</p></li><li><p>WinNT doesn't like talking to a server + that does not support encrypted passwords. It will refuse + to browse the server if the server is also in user level + security mode. It will insist on prompting the user for the + password on each connection, which is very annoying. The + only things you can do to stop this is to use SMB encryption. + </p></li><li><p>Encrypted password support allows automatic share + (resource) reconnects.</p></li><li><p>Encrypted passwords are essential for PDC/BDC + operation.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2899128"></a>Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</h4></div></div><div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Plain text passwords are not kept + on disk, and are NOT cached in memory. </p></li><li><p>Uses same password file as other unix + services such as login and ftp</p></li><li><p>Use of other services (such as telnet and ftp) which + send plain text passwords over the net, so sending them for SMB + isn't such a big deal.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2899165"></a>Mapping User Identifiers between MS Windows and UNIX</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Every operation in UNIX/Linux requires a user identifier (UID), just as in + MS Windows NT4 / 200x this requires a Security Identifier (SID). Samba provides + two means for mapping an MS Windows user to a UNIX/Linux UID. + </p><p> + Firstly, all Samba SAM (Security Account Manager database) accounts require + a UNIX/Linux UID that the account will map to. As users are added to the account + information database, Samba will call the <a class="indexterm" name="id2899188"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>add user script</tt></i> + interface to add the account to the Samba host OS. In essence all accounts in + the local SAM require a local user account. + </p><p> + The second way to affect Windows SID to UNIX UID mapping is via the + <span class="emphasis"><em>idmap uid, idmap gid</em></span> parameters in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>. + Please refer to the man page for information about these parameters. + These parameters are essential when mapping users from a remote SAM server. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="idmapbackend"></a>Mapping Common UIDs/GIDs on Distributed Machines</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Samba-3 has a special facility that makes it possible to maintain identical UIDs and GIDs + on all servers in a distributed network. A distributed network is one where there exists + a PDC, one or more BDCs and/or one or more domain member servers. Why is this important? + This is important if files are being shared over more than one protocol (eg: NFS) and where + users are copying files across UNIX/Linux systems using tools such as <b class="command">rsync</b>. + </p><p> + The special facility is enabled using a parameter called <i class="parameter"><tt>idmap backend</tt></i>. + The default setting for this parameter is an empty string. Administrators should NOT set this + parameter except when an LDAP based passdb backend is in use. An example of use is: + </p><p> +</p><div class="example"><a name="idmapbackendexample"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 11.1. </b></p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>idmap backend = ldapsam://ldap-server.quenya.org:636</tt></i></td></tr></table></div><p> + </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="acctmgmttools"></a>Account Management Tools</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Samba provides two (2) tools for management of User and machine accounts. These tools are +called <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> and <b class="command">pdbedit</b>. A third tool is under +development but is NOT expected to ship in time for Samba-3.0.0. The new tool will be a TCL/TK +GUI tool that looks much like the MS Windows NT4 Domain User Manager - hopefully this will +be announced in time for the Samba-3.0.1 release. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2899351"></a>The <span class="emphasis"><em>smbpasswd</em></span> Command</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The smbpasswd utility is a utility similar to the <b class="command">passwd</b> + or <b class="command">yppasswd</b> programs. It maintains the two 32 byte password + fields in the passdb backend. + </p><p> + <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> works in a client-server mode where it contacts the + local smbd to change the user's password on its behalf. This has enormous benefits + as follows: + </p><p> + <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> has the capability to change passwords on Windows NT + servers (this only works when the request is sent to the NT Primary Domain Controller + if changing an NT Domain user's password). + </p><p> + <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> can be used to: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>add</em></span> user or machine accounts</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>delete</em></span> user or machine accounts</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>enable</em></span> user or machine accounts</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>disable</em></span> user or machine accounts</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>set to NULL</em></span> user passwords</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>manage interdomain trust accounts</em></span></p></li></ul></div><p> + To run smbpasswd as a normal user just type: + </p><p> +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd</tt></b> +<tt class="prompt">Old SMB password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i></tt></b> +</pre><p> + For <i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i> type old value here - or hit return if + there was no old password +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">New SMB Password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>new secret</tt></i></tt></b> +<tt class="prompt">Repeat New SMB Password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>new secret</tt></i></tt></b> +</pre><p> + </p><p> + If the old value does not match the current value stored for that user, or the two + new values do not match each other, then the password will not be changed. + </p><p> + When invoked by an ordinary user it will only allow change of their own + SMB password. + </p><p> + When run by root smbpasswd may take an optional argument, specifying + the user name whose SMB password you wish to change. When run as root, smbpasswd + does not prompt for or check the old password value, thus allowing root to set passwords + for users who have forgotten their passwords. + </p><p> + <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> is designed to work in the way familiar to UNIX + users who use the <b class="command">passwd</b> or <b class="command">yppasswd</b> commands. + While designed for administrative use, this tool provides essential user level + password change capabilities. + </p><p> + For more details on using <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> refer to the man page (the + definitive reference). + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2899622"></a>The <span class="emphasis"><em>pdbedit</em></span> Command</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + <b class="command">pdbedit</b> is a tool that can be used only by root. It is used to + manage the passdb backend. <b class="command">pdbedit</b> can be used to: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>add, remove or modify user accounts</p></li><li><p>listing user accounts</p></li><li><p>migrate user accounts</p></li></ul></div><p> + The <b class="command">pdbedit</b> tool is the only one that can manage the account + security and policy settings. It is capable of all operations that smbpasswd can + do as well as a super set of them. + </p><p> + One particularly important purpose of the <b class="command">pdbedit</b> is to allow + the migration of account information from one passdb backend to another. See the + <a href="passdb.html#XMLpassdb" title="XML">XML</a> password backend section of this chapter. + </p><p> + The following is an example of the user account information that is stored in + a tdbsam password backend. This listing was produced by running: + </p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -Lv met</tt></b> +UNIX username: met +NT username: +Account Flags: [UX ] +User SID: S-1-5-21-1449123459-1407424037-3116680435-2004 +Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1449123459-1407424037-3116680435-1201 +Full Name: Melissa E Terpstra +Home Directory: \\frodo\met\Win9Profile +HomeDir Drive: H: +Logon Script: scripts\logon.bat +Profile Path: \\frodo\Profiles\met +Domain: MIDEARTH +Account desc: +Workstations: melbelle +Munged dial: +Logon time: 0 +Logoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT +Kickoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT +Password last set: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 14:37:03 GMT +Password can change: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 14:37:03 GMT +Password must change: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT +</pre><p> + The <b class="command">pdbedit</b> tool allows migration of authentication (account) + databases from one backend to another. For example: To migrate accounts from an + old <tt class="filename">smbpasswd</tt> database to a <i class="parameter"><tt>tdbsam</tt></i> + backend: + </p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p> + Set the <a class="indexterm" name="id2899790"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> = tdbsam, smbpasswd. + </p></li><li><p> + Execute: +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -i smbpassed -e tdbsam</tt></b> +</pre><p> + </p></li><li><p> + Now remove the <i class="parameter"><tt>smbpasswd</tt></i> from the passdb backend + configuration in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>. + </p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2899860"></a>Password Backends</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Samba offers the greatest flexibility in backend account database design of any SMB/CIFS server +technology available today. The flexibility is immediately obvious as one begins to explore this +capability. +</p><p> +It is possible to specify not only multiple different password backends, but even multiple +backends of the same type. For example, to use two different tdbsam databases: +</p><p> +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend = tdbsam:/etc/samba/passdb.tdb, tdbsam:/etc/samba/old-passdb.tdb</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2899902"></a>Plain Text</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Older versions of Samba retrieved user information from the unix user database + and eventually some other fields from the file <tt class="filename">/etc/samba/smbpasswd</tt> + or <tt class="filename">/etc/smbpasswd</tt>. When password encryption is disabled, no + SMB specific data is stored at all. Instead all operations are conducted via the way + that the Samba host OS will access its <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> database. + eg: On Linux systems that is done via PAM. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2899942"></a>smbpasswd - Encrypted Password Database</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Traditionally, when configuring <a class="indexterm" name="id2899952"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>encrypt passwords</tt></i> = yes in Samba's <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file, user account + information such as username, LM/NT password hashes, password change times, and account + flags have been stored in the <tt class="filename">smbpasswd(5)</tt> file. There are several + disadvantages to this approach for sites with very large numbers of users (counted + in the thousands). + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + The first is that all lookups must be performed sequentially. Given that + there are approximately two lookups per domain logon (one for a normal + session connection such as when mapping a network drive or printer), this + is a performance bottleneck for large sites. What is needed is an indexed approach + such as is used in databases. + </p></li><li><p> + The second problem is that administrators who desire to replicate a smbpasswd file + to more than one Samba server were left to use external tools such as + <b class="command">rsync(1)</b> and <b class="command">ssh(1)</b> and wrote custom, + in-house scripts. + </p></li><li><p> + And finally, the amount of information which is stored in an smbpasswd entry leaves + no room for additional attributes such as a home directory, password expiration time, + or even a Relative Identifier (RID). + </p></li></ul></div><p> + As a result of these deficiencies, a more robust means of storing user attributes + used by smbd was developed. The API which defines access to user accounts + is commonly referred to as the samdb interface (previously this was called the passdb + API, and is still so named in the Samba CVS trees). + </p><p> + Samba provides an enhanced set of passdb backends that overcome the deficiencies + of the smbpasswd plain text database. These are tdbsam, ldapsam, and xmlsam. + Of these ldapsam will be of most interest to large corporate or enterprise sites. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2900055"></a>tdbsam</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>Samba can store user and machine account data in a "TDB" (Trivial Database). + Using this backend doesn't require any additional configuration. This backend is + recommended for new installations that do not require LDAP. + </p><p> + As a general guide the Samba-Team does NOT recommend using the tdbsam backend for sites + that have 250 or more users. Additionally, tdbsam is not capable of scaling for use + in sites that require PDB/BDC implementations that requires replication of the account + database. Clearly, for reason of scalability, the use of ldapsam should be encouraged. + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2900089"></a>ldapsam</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + There are a few points to stress that the ldapsam does not provide. The LDAP + support referred to in the this documentation does not include: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>A means of retrieving user account information from + an Windows 200x Active Directory server.</p></li><li><p>A means of replacing /etc/passwd.</p></li></ul></div><p> + The second item can be accomplished by using LDAP NSS and PAM modules. LGPL + versions of these libraries can be obtained from PADL Software + (<a href="http://www.padl.com/" target="_top">http://www.padl.com/</a>). More + information about the configuration of these packages may be found at "LDAP, + System Administration; Gerald Carter, O'Reilly; Chapter 6: Replacing NIS". + Refer to <a href="http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=1-56592-491-6" target="_top"> + http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=1-56592-491-6</a> for those who might wish to know + more about configuration and administration of an OpenLDAP server. + </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + This section is outdated for Samba-3 schema. Samba-3 introduces a new schema + that has not been documented at the time of this publication. + </p></div><p> + This document describes how to use an LDAP directory for storing Samba user + account information traditionally stored in the smbpasswd(5) file. It is + assumed that the reader already has a basic understanding of LDAP concepts + and has a working directory server already installed. For more information + on LDAP architectures and Directories, please refer to the following sites. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>OpenLDAP - <a href="http://www.openldap.org/" target="_top">http://www.openldap.org/</a></p></li><li><p>iPlanet Directory Server - + <a href="http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory" target="_top">http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory</a></p></li></ul></div><p> + Two additional Samba resources which may prove to be helpful are + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The <a href="http://www.unav.es/cti/ldap-smb/ldap-smb-3-howto.html" target="_top">Samba-PDC-LDAP-HOWTO</a> + maintained by Ignacio Coupeau.</p></li><li><p>The NT migration scripts from <a href="http://samba.idealx.org/" target="_top">IDEALX</a> that are + geared to manage users and group in such a Samba-LDAP Domain Controller configuration. + </p></li></ul></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2900244"></a>Supported LDAP Servers</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The LDAP ldapsam code has been developed and tested using the OpenLDAP 2.0 and 2.1 server and + client libraries. The same code should work with Netscape's Directory Server and client SDK. + However, there are bound to be compile errors and bugs. These should not be hard to fix. + Please submit fixes via <a href="bugreport.html" title="Chapter 35. Reporting Bugs">Bug reporting facility</a>. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2900270"></a>Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Samba 3.0 includes the necessary schema file for OpenLDAP 2.0 in + <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP/samba.schema</tt>. The sambaSamAccount objectclass is given here: + </p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7165.2.2.6 NAME 'sambaSamAccount' SUP top AUXILIARY + DESC 'Samba 3.0 Auxiliary SAM Account' + MUST ( uid $ sambaSID ) + MAY ( cn $ sambaLMPassword $ sambaNTPassword $ sambaPwdLastSet $ + sambaLogonTime $ sambaLogoffTime $ sambaKickoffTime $ + sambaPwdCanChange $ sambaPwdMustChange $ sambaAcctFlags $ + displayName $ sambaHomePath $ sambaHomeDrive $ sambaLogonScript $ + sambaProfilePath $ description $ sambaUserWorkstations $ + sambaPrimaryGroupSID $ sambaDomainName )) +</pre><p> +</p><p> + The <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file has been formatted for OpenLDAP 2.0/2.1. + The OID's are owned by the Samba Team and as such is legal to be openly published. + If you translate the schema to be used with Netscape DS, please + submit the modified schema file as a patch to + <a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org" target="_top">jerry@samba.org</a>. + </p><p> + Just as the smbpasswd file is meant to store information which supplements a + user's <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> entry, so is the sambaSamAccount object + meant to supplement the UNIX user account information. A sambaSamAccount is a + <tt class="constant">STRUCTURAL</tt> objectclass so it can be stored individually + in the directory. However, there are several fields (e.g. uid) which overlap + with the posixAccount objectclass outlined in RFC2307. This is by design. + </p><p> + In order to store all user account information (UNIX and Samba) in the directory, + it is necessary to use the sambaSamAccount and posixAccount objectclasses in + combination. However, smbd will still obtain the user's UNIX account + information via the standard C library calls (e.g. getpwnam(), et. al.). + This means that the Samba server must also have the LDAP NSS library installed + and functioning correctly. This division of information makes it possible to + store all Samba account information in LDAP, but still maintain UNIX account + information in NIS while the network is transitioning to a full LDAP infrastructure. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2900380"></a>OpenLDAP configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + To include support for the sambaSamAccount object in an OpenLDAP directory + server, first copy the samba.schema file to slapd's configuration directory. + The samba.schema file can be found in the directory <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP</tt> + in the samba source distribution. + </p><p> +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>cp samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/</tt></b> +</pre><p> +</p><p> + Next, include the <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file in <tt class="filename">slapd.conf</tt>. + The sambaSamAccount object contains two attributes which depend upon other schema + files. The 'uid' attribute is defined in <tt class="filename">cosine.schema</tt> and + the 'displayName' attribute is defined in the <tt class="filename">inetorgperson.schema</tt> + file. Both of these must be included before the <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file. + </p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +## /etc/openldap/slapd.conf + +## schema files (core.schema is required by default) +include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema + +## needed for sambaSamAccount +include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema +include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema +include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema +include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema +.... +</pre><p> +</p><p> + It is recommended that you maintain some indices on some of the most useful attributes, + like in the following example, to speed up searches made on sambaSamAccount objectclasses + (and possibly posixAccount and posixGroup as well). + </p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +# Indices to maintain +## required by OpenLDAP +index objectclass eq + +index cn pres,sub,eq +index sn pres,sub,eq +## required to support pdb_getsampwnam +index uid pres,sub,eq +## required to support pdb_getsambapwrid() +index displayName pres,sub,eq + +## uncomment these if you are storing posixAccount and +## posixGroup entries in the directory as well +##index uidNumber eq +##index gidNumber eq +##index memberUid eq + +index sambaSID eq +index sambaPrimaryGroupSID eq +index sambaDomainName eq +index default sub +</pre><p> +</p><p> + Create the new index by executing: + </p><p> +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt>./sbin/slapindex -f slapd.conf +</pre><p> +</p><p> + Remember to restart slapd after making these changes: + </p><p> +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>/etc/init.d/slapd restart</tt></b> +</pre><p> +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2900576"></a>Initialise the LDAP database</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Before you can add accounts to the LDAP database you must create the account containers + that they will be stored in. The following LDIF file should be modified to match your + needs (ie: Your DNS entries, etc.). + </p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +# Organization for Samba Base +dn: dc=quenya,dc=org +objectclass: dcObject +objectclass: organization +dc: quenya +o: Quenya Org Network +description: The Samba-3 Network LDAP Example + +# Organizational Role for Directory Management +dn: cn=Manager,dc=quenya,dc=org +objectclass: organizationalRole +cn: Manager +description: Directory Manager + +# Setting up container for users +dn: ou=People,dc=quenya,dc=org +objectclass: top +objectclass: organizationalUnit +ou: People + +# Setting up admin handle for People OU +dn: cn=admin,ou=People,dc=quenya,dc=org +cn: admin +objectclass: top +objectclass: organizationalRole +objectclass: simpleSecurityObject +userPassword: {SSHA}c3ZM9tBaBo9autm1dL3waDS21+JSfQVz +</pre><p> +</p><p> + The userPassword shown above should be generated using <b class="command">slappasswd</b>. + </p><p> + The following command will then load the contents of the LDIF file into the LDAP + database. + </p><p> +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>slapadd -v -l initldap.dif</tt></b> +</pre><p> +</p><p> + Do not forget to secure your LDAP server with an adequate access control list, + as well as an admin password. + </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + Before Samba can access the LDAP server you need to store the LDAP admin password + into the Samba-3 <tt class="filename">secrets.tdb</tt> database by: +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i></tt></b> +</pre><p> + </p></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2900704"></a>Configuring Samba</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The following parameters are available in smb.conf only if your + version of samba was built with LDAP support. Samba automatically builds with LDAP support if the + LDAP libraries are found. + </p><p>LDAP related smb.conf options: + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900721"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> = ldapsam:url, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900737"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900750"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap admin dn</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900764"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap suffix</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900777"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap filter</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900791"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap machine suffix</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900805"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap user suffix</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900819"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap delete dn</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900833"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap passwd sync</tt></i>, + <a class="indexterm" name="id2900847"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap trust ids</tt></i>. + </p><p> + These are described in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man + page and so will not be repeated here. However, a sample smb.conf file for + use with an LDAP directory could appear as + </p><p> +</p><div class="example"><a name="id2900879"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 11.2. Configuration with LDAP</b></p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>security = user</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>encrypt passwords = yes</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>netbios name = TASHTEGO</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>workgroup = NARNIA</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># ldap related parameters</td></tr><tr><td># define the DN to use when binding to the directory servers</td></tr><tr><td># The password for this DN is not stored in smb.conf. Rather it</td></tr><tr><td># must be set by using 'smbpasswd -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>secretpw</tt></i>' to store the</td></tr><tr><td># passphrase in the secrets.tdb file. If the "ldap admin dn" values</td></tr><tr><td># change, this password will need to be reset.</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap admin dn = "cn=Samba Manager,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org"</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># Define the SSL option when connecting to the directory</td></tr><tr><td># ('off', 'start tls', or 'on' (default))</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl = start tls</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># syntax: passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://server-name[:port]</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://funball.samba.org</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># smbpasswd -x delete the entire dn-entry</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap delete dn = no</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># the machine and user suffix added to the base suffix</td></tr><tr><td># wrote WITHOUT quotes. NULL suffixes by default</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap user suffix = ou=People</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap machine suffix = ou=Systems</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># Trust unix account information in LDAP</td></tr><tr><td># (see the smb.conf manpage for details)</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap trust ids = Yes</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># specify the base DN to use when searching the directory</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap suffix = "ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org"</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td># generally the default ldap search filter is ok</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap filter = "(&(uid=%u)(objectclass=sambaSamAccount))"</tt></i></td></tr></table></div><p> +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901104"></a>Accounts and Groups management</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + As users accounts are managed through the sambaSamAccount objectclass, you should + modify your existing administration tools to deal with sambaSamAccount attributes. + </p><p> + Machines accounts are managed with the sambaSamAccount objectclass, just + like users accounts. However, it's up to you to store those accounts + in a different tree of your LDAP namespace: you should use + "ou=Groups,dc=quenya,dc=org" to store groups and + "ou=People,dc=quenya,dc=org" to store users. Just configure your + NSS and PAM accordingly (usually, in the /etc/ldap.conf configuration + file). + </p><p> + In Samba release 3.0, the group management system is based on POSIX + groups. This means that Samba makes use of the posixGroup objectclass. + For now, there is no NT-like group system management (global and local + groups). + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901140"></a>Security and sambaSamAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + There are two important points to remember when discussing the security + of sambaSamAccount entries in the directory. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Never</em></span> retrieve the lmPassword or + ntPassword attribute values over an unencrypted LDAP session.</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Never</em></span> allow non-admin users to + view the lmPassword or ntPassword attribute values.</p></li></ul></div><p> + These password hashes are clear text equivalents and can be used to impersonate + the user without deriving the original clear text strings. For more information + on the details of LM/NT password hashes, refer to the + <a href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases">Account Information Database</a> section of this chapter. + </p><p> + To remedy the first security issue, the <a class="indexterm" name="id2901200"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl</tt></i> <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameter defaults + to require an encrypted session (<a class="indexterm" name="id2901222"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl</tt></i> = on) using + the default port of <tt class="constant">636</tt> + when contacting the directory server. When using an OpenLDAP server, it + is possible to use the use the StartTLS LDAP extended operation in the place of + LDAPS. In either case, you are strongly discouraged to disable this security + (<a class="indexterm" name="id2901244"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl</tt></i> = off). + </p><p> + Note that the LDAPS protocol is deprecated in favor of the LDAPv3 StartTLS + extended operation. However, the OpenLDAP library still provides support for + the older method of securing communication between clients and servers. + </p><p> + The second security precaution is to prevent non-administrative users from + harvesting password hashes from the directory. This can be done using the + following ACL in <tt class="filename">slapd.conf</tt>: + </p><p> +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +## allow the "ldap admin dn" access, but deny everyone else +access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword + by dn="cn=Samba Admin,ou=people,dc=quenya,dc=org" write + by * none +</pre><p> +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901300"></a>LDAP special attributes for sambaSamAccounts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The sambaSamAccount objectclass is composed of the following attributes: + </p><p> + </p><div class="table"><a name="id2901317"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.1. Attributes in the sambaSamAccount objectclass (LDAP)</b></p><table summary="Attributes in the sambaSamAccount objectclass (LDAP)" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaLMPassword</tt></td><td align="justify">the LANMAN password 16-byte hash stored as a character +representation of a hexadecimal string.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaNTPassword</tt></td><td align="justify">the NT password hash 16-byte stored as a character + representation of a hexadecimal string.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaPwdLastSet</tt></td><td align="justify">The integer time in seconds since 1970 when the + <tt class="constant">sambaLMPassword</tt> and <tt class="constant">sambaNTPassword</tt> attributes were last set. + </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaAcctFlags</tt></td><td align="justify">string of 11 characters surrounded by square brackets [] + representing account flags such as U (user), W(workstation), X(no password expiration), + I(Domain trust account), H(Home dir required), S(Server trust account), + and D(disabled).</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaLogonTime</tt></td><td align="justify">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaLogoffTime</tt></td><td align="justify">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaKickoffTime</tt></td><td align="justify">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaPwdCanChange</tt></td><td align="justify">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaPwdMustChange</tt></td><td align="justify">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaHomeDrive</tt></td><td align="justify">specifies the drive letter to which to map the + UNC path specified by sambaHomePath. The drive letter must be specified in the form "X:" + where X is the letter of the drive to map. Refer to the "logon drive" parameter in the + smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaLogonScript</tt></td><td align="justify">The sambaLogonScript property specifies the path of + the user's logon script, .CMD, .EXE, or .BAT file. The string can be null. The path + is relative to the netlogon share. Refer to the <a class="indexterm" name="id2901492"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon script</tt></i> parameter in the + <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaProfilePath</tt></td><td align="justify">specifies a path to the user's profile. + This value can be a null string, a local absolute path, or a UNC path. Refer to the + <a class="indexterm" name="id2901527"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon path</tt></i> parameter in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaHomePath</tt></td><td align="justify">The sambaHomePath property specifies the path of +the home directory for the user. The string can be null. If sambaHomeDrive is set and specifies +a drive letter, sambaHomePath should be a UNC path. The path must be a network +UNC path of the form <tt class="filename">\\server\share\directory</tt>. This value can be a null string. +Refer to the <b class="command">logon home</b> parameter in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man page for more information. + </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaUserWorkstations</tt></td><td align="justify">character string value currently unused. + </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaSID</tt></td><td align="justify">The security identifier(SID) of the user. The windows equivalent of unix uid's.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaPrimaryGroupSID</tt></td><td align="justify">the relative identifier (RID) of the primary group + of the user.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">sambaDomainName</tt></td><td align="justify">domain the user is part of.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> + </p><p> + The majority of these parameters are only used when Samba is acting as a PDC of + a domain (refer to the <a href="samba-pdc.html" title="Chapter 5. Domain Control">Samba as a primary domain controller</a> chapter for details on + how to configure Samba as a Primary Domain Controller). The following four attributes + are only stored with the sambaSamAccount entry if the values are non-default values: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>sambaHomePath</p></li><li><p>sambaLogonScript</p></li><li><p>sambaProfilePath</p></li><li><p>sambaHomeDrive</p></li></ul></div><p> + These attributes are only stored with the sambaSamAccount entry if + the values are non-default values. For example, assume TASHTEGO has now been + configured as a PDC and that <a class="indexterm" name="id2901683"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> = \\%L\%u was defined in + its <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file. When a user named "becky" logons to the domain, + the <a class="indexterm" name="id2901708"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> string is expanded to \\TASHTEGO\becky. + If the smbHome attribute exists in the entry "uid=becky,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org", + this value is used. However, if this attribute does not exist, then the value + of the <a class="indexterm" name="id2901732"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> parameter is used in its place. Samba + will only write the attribute value to the directory entry if the value is + something other than the default (e.g. <tt class="filename">\\MOBY\becky</tt>). + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901758"></a>Example LDIF Entries for a sambaSamAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + The following is a working LDIF with the inclusion of the posixAccount objectclass: + </p><p> + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + dn: uid=guest2, ou=people,dc=quenya,dc=org + sambaNTPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7 + sambaPwdMustChange: 2147483647 + sambaPrimaryGroupSID: S-1-5-21-2447931902-1787058256-3961074038-513 + sambaNTPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE + sambaPwdLastSet: 1010179124 + sambaLogonTime: 0 + objectClass: sambaSamAccount + uid: guest2 + sambaKickoffTime: 2147483647 + sambaAcctFlags: [UX ] + sambaLogoffTime: 2147483647 + sambaSID: S-1-5-21-2447931902-1787058256-3961074038-5006 + sambaPwdCanChange: 0 + </pre><p> + </p><p> + The following is an LDIF entry for using both the sambaSamAccount and + posixAccount objectclasses: + </p><p> + </p><pre class="programlisting"> + dn: uid=gcarter, ou=people,dc=quenya,dc=org + sambaLogonTime: 0 + displayName: Gerald Carter + sambaLMPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE + sambaPrimaryGroupSID: S-1-5-21-2447931902-1787058256-3961074038-1201 + objectClass: posixAccount + objectClass: sambaSamAccount + sambaAcctFlags: [UX ] + userPassword: {crypt}BpM2ej8Rkzogo + uid: gcarter + uidNumber: 9000 + cn: Gerald Carter + loginShell: /bin/bash + logoffTime: 2147483647 + gidNumber: 100 + sambaKickoffTime: 2147483647 + sambaPwdLastSet: 1010179230 + sambaSID: S-1-5-21-2447931902-1787058256-3961074038-5004 + homeDirectory: /home/tashtego/gcarter + sambaPwdCanChange: 0 + sambaPwdMustChange: 2147483647 + sambaNTPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7 +</pre><p> + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901824"></a>Password synchronisation</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Since version 3.0 samba can update the non-samba (LDAP) password stored with an account. When + using pam_ldap, this allows changing both unix and windows passwords at once. + </p><p>The <a class="indexterm" name="id2901842"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>ldap passwd sync</tt></i> options can have the following values:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">yes</span></dt><dd><p>When the user changes his password, update + <tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt>, <tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt> + and the <tt class="constant">password</tt> fields.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">no</span></dt><dd><p>Only update <tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt> and <tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">only</span></dt><dd><p>Only update the LDAP password and let the LDAP server worry about the other fields. This option is only available on some LDAP servers. <sup>[<a name="id2901925" href="#ftn.id2901925">3</a>]</sup></p></dd></dl></div><p>More information can be found in the smb.conf manpage. + </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2901940"></a>MySQL</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + Every so often someone will come along with a great new idea. Storing of user accounts in an + SQL backend is one of them. Those who want to do this are in the best position to know what the + specific benefits are to them. This may sound like a cop-out, but in truth we can not attempt + to document every nitty little detail why certain things of marginal utility to the bulk of + Samba users might make sense to the rest. In any case, the following instructions should help + the determined SQL user to implement a working system. + </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2901962"></a>Creating the database</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + You either can set up your own table and specify the field names to pdb_mysql (see below + for the column names) or use the default table. The file <tt class="filename">examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</tt> + contains the correct queries to create the required tables. Use the command : + +</p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>mysql -u<i class="replaceable"><tt>username</tt></i> -h<i class="replaceable"><tt>hostname</tt></i> -p<i class="replaceable"><tt>password</tt></i> \ +<i class="replaceable"><tt>databasename</tt></i> < <tt class="filename">/path/to/samba/examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</tt></tt></b> +</pre><p> + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2902030"></a>Configuring</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>This plugin lacks some good documentation, but here is some short info:</p><p>Add a the following to the <a class="indexterm" name="id2902046"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> variable in your <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>: + </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend = [other-plugins] mysql:identifier [other-plugins]</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> + </p><p>The identifier can be any string you like, as long as it doesn't collide with + the identifiers of other plugins or other instances of pdb_mysql. If you + specify multiple pdb_mysql.so entries in <a class="indexterm" name="id2902089"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i>, you also need to + use different identifiers! + </p><p> + Additional options can be given through the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file in the <i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i> section. + </p><p> + </p><div class="table"><a name="id2902128"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.2. Basic smb.conf options for MySQL passdb backend</b></p><table summary="Basic smb.conf options for MySQL passdb backend" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Field</th><th align="justify">Contents</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">mysql host</td><td align="justify">host name, defaults to 'localhost'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">mysql password</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">mysql user</td><td align="justify">defaults to 'samba'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">mysql database</td><td align="justify">defaults to 'samba'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">mysql port</td><td align="justify">defaults to 3306</td></tr><tr><td align="left">table</td><td align="justify">Name of the table containing users</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> + </p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p> + Since the password for the MySQL user is stored in the + <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file, you should make the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file + readable only to the user that runs Samba This is considered a security + bug and will be fixed soon. + </p></div><p>Names of the columns in this table (I've added column types those columns should have first):</p><p> + </p><div class="table"><a name="id2902260"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.3. MySQL field names for MySQL passdb backend</b></p><table summary="MySQL field names for MySQL passdb backend" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Field</th><th align="left">Type</th><th align="justify">Contents</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">logon time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">logoff time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">kickoff time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">pass last set time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">pass can change time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">pass must change time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">username column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">unix username</td></tr><tr><td align="left">domain column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">NT domain user is part of</td></tr><tr><td align="left">nt username column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">NT username</td></tr><tr><td align="left">fullname column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">Full name of user</td></tr><tr><td align="left">home dir column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">UNIX homedir path</td></tr><tr><td align="left">dir drive column</td><td align="left">varchar(2)</td><td align="justify">Directory drive path (eg: 'H:')</td></tr><tr><td align="left">logon script column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">Batch file to run on client side when logging on</td></tr><tr><td align="left">profile path column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">Path of profile</td></tr><tr><td align="left">acct desc column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">Some ASCII NT user data</td></tr><tr><td align="left">workstations column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">Workstations user can logon to (or NULL for all)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unknown string column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">unknown string</td></tr><tr><td align="left">munged dial column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">user sid column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">NT user SID</td></tr><tr><td align="left">group sid column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">NT group ID</td></tr><tr><td align="left">lanman pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">encrypted lanman password</td></tr><tr><td align="left">nt pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">encrypted nt passwd</td></tr><tr><td align="left">plain pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="justify">plaintext password</td></tr><tr><td align="left">acct control column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">nt user data</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unknown 3 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">unknown</td></tr><tr><td align="left">logon divs column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">hours len column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unknown 5 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">unknown</td></tr><tr><td align="left">unknown 6 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="justify">unknown</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> + </p><p> + Eventually, you can put a colon (:) after the name of each column, which + should specify the column to update when updating the table. You can also + specify nothing behind the colon - then the data from the field will not be + updated. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2902649"></a>Using plaintext passwords or encrypted password</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + I strongly discourage the use of plaintext passwords, however, you can use them: + </p><p> + If you would like to use plaintext passwords, set + 'identifier:lanman pass column' and 'identifier:nt pass column' to + 'NULL' (without the quotes) and 'identifier:plain pass column' to the + name of the column containing the plaintext passwords. + </p><p> + If you use encrypted passwords, set the 'identifier:plain pass + column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes). This is the default. + </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2902679"></a>Getting non-column data from the table</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> + It is possible to have not all data in the database and making some 'constant'. + </p><p> + For example, you can set 'identifier:fullname column' to : + <b class="command">CONCAT(First_name,' ',Sur_name)</b> + </p><p> + Or, set 'identifier:workstations column' to : + <b class="command">NULL</b></p><p>See the MySQL documentation for more language constructs.</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="XMLpassdb"></a>XML</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>This module requires libxml2 to be installed.</p><p>The usage of pdb_xml is pretty straightforward. To export data, use: + </p><p> + <tt class="prompt">$ </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -e xml:filename</tt></b> + </p><p> + (where filename is the name of the file to put the data in) + </p><p> + To import data, use: + <tt class="prompt">$ </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -i xml:filename</tt></b> + </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2902790"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2902796"></a>Users can not logon</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>“<span class="quote">I've installed samba, but now I can't log on with my unix account!</span>”</p><p>Make sure your user has been added to the current samba <a class="indexterm" name="id2902813"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i>. Read the section <a href="passdb.html#acctmgmttools" title="Account Management Tools">Account Management Tools</a> for details.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2902841"></a>Users being added to wrong backend database</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + A few complaints have been received from users that just moved to Samba-3. The following + <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file entries were causing problems, new accounts were being added to the old + smbpasswd file, not to the tdbsam passdb.tdb file: + </p><p> + </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend = smbpasswd, tdbsam</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr></table><p> + </p><p> + Samba will add new accounts to the first entry in the <span class="emphasis"><em>passdb backend</em></span> + parameter entry. If you want to update to the tdbsam, then change the entry to: + </p><p> + </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>[globals]</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend = tdbsam, smbpasswd</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td>...</td></tr></table><p> + </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2902952"></a>auth methods does not work</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> + If you explicitly set an <a class="indexterm" name="id2902963"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>auth methods</tt></i> parameter, guest must be specified as the first + entry on the line. Eg: <a class="indexterm" name="id2902979"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>auth methods</tt></i> = guest sam. + </p><p> + This is the exact opposite of the requirement for the <a class="indexterm" name="id2902998"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> + option, where it must be the <span class="emphasis"><em>LAST</em></span> parameter on the line. + </p></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br><hr width="100" align="left"><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2901925" href="#id2901925">3</a>] </sup>Only when the LDAP server supports LDAP_EXOP_X_MODIFY_PASSWD</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NetworkBrowsing.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="groupmapping.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 10. 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