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| author | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-02-18 22:14:04 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-02-18 22:14:04 +0000 |
| commit | ff78c3bf5c3a73cf90f6517d9b2d6b8c12d22d68 (patch) | |
| tree | deda0311c634bd433278a352e1a9daece40ff0f6 /docs/htmldocs/passdb.html | |
| parent | 4668623d62b3a7b133e26dd1397b956c4ddac335 (diff) | |
| download | samba-ff78c3bf5c3a73cf90f6517d9b2d6b8c12d22d68.tar.gz samba-ff78c3bf5c3a73cf90f6517d9b2d6b8c12d22d68.tar.bz2 samba-ff78c3bf5c3a73cf90f6517d9b2d6b8c12d22d68.zip | |
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html b/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f53641624a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html @@ -0,0 +1,1646 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<HTML +><HEAD +><TITLE +>User information database</TITLE +><META +NAME="GENERATOR" +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.77+"><LINK +REL="HOME" +TITLE="SAMBA Project Documentation" +HREF="samba-howto-collection.html"><LINK +REL="UP" +TITLE="General installation" +HREF="introduction.html"><LINK +REL="PREVIOUS" +TITLE="Quick Cross Subnet Browsing / Cross Workgroup Browsing guide" +HREF="browsing-quick.html"><LINK +REL="NEXT" +TITLE="Type of installation" +HREF="type.html"></HEAD +><BODY +CLASS="CHAPTER" +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" +TEXT="#000000" +LINK="#0000FF" +VLINK="#840084" +ALINK="#0000FF" +><DIV +CLASS="NAVHEADER" +><TABLE +SUMMARY="Header navigation table" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +CELLPADDING="0" +CELLSPACING="0" +><TR +><TH +COLSPAN="3" +ALIGN="center" +>SAMBA Project Documentation</TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="10%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="bottom" +><A +HREF="browsing-quick.html" +ACCESSKEY="P" +>Prev</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="80%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="bottom" +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="10%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="bottom" +><A +HREF="type.html" +ACCESSKEY="N" +>Next</A +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +><HR +ALIGN="LEFT" +WIDTH="100%"></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="CHAPTER" +><H1 +><A +NAME="PASSDB" +></A +>Chapter 3. User information database</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN324" +></A +>3.1. Introduction</H1 +><P +>Old windows clients send plain text passwords over the wire. + Samba can check these passwords by crypting them and comparing them + to the hash stored in the unix user database. + </P +><P +> Newer windows clients send encrypted passwords (so-called + Lanman and NT hashes) over + the wire, instead of plain text passwords. The newest clients + will only send encrypted passwords and refuse to send plain text + passwords, unless their registry is tweaked. + </P +><P +>These passwords can't be converted to unix style encrypted + passwords. Because of that you can't use the standard unix + user database, and you have to store the Lanman and NT hashes + somewhere else. </P +><P +>Next to a differently encrypted passwords, + windows also stores certain data for each user + that is not stored in a unix user database, e.g. + workstations the user may logon from, the location where his/her + profile is stored, etc. + Samba retrieves and stores this information using a "passdb backend". + Commonly + available backends are LDAP, plain text file, MySQL and nisplus. + For more information, see the documentation about the + <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>passdb backend = </B +> parameter. + </P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN331" +></A +>3.2. Important Notes About Security</H1 +><P +>The unix and SMB password encryption techniques seem similar + on the surface. This similarity is, however, only skin deep. The unix + scheme typically sends clear text passwords over the network when + logging in. This is bad. The SMB encryption scheme never sends the + cleartext password over the network but it does store the 16 byte + hashed values on disk. This is also bad. Why? Because the 16 byte hashed + values are a "password equivalent". You cannot derive the user's + password from them, but they could potentially be used in a modified + client to gain access to a server. This would require considerable + technical knowledge on behalf of the attacker but is perfectly possible. + You should thus treat the data stored in whatever + passdb backend you use (smbpasswd file, ldap, mysql) as though it contained the + cleartext passwords of all your users. Its contents must be kept + secret, and the file should be protected accordingly.</P +><P +>Ideally we would like a password scheme which neither requires + plain text passwords on the net or on disk. Unfortunately this + is not available as Samba is stuck with being compatible with + other SMB systems (WinNT, WfWg, Win95 etc). </P +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/stylesheet/dsssl/modular/images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>Note that Windows NT 4.0 Service pack 3 changed the + default for permissible authentication so that plaintext + passwords are <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>never</I +></SPAN +> sent over the wire. + The solution to this is either to switch to encrypted passwords + with Samba or edit the Windows NT registry to re-enable plaintext + passwords. See the document WinNT.txt for details on how to do + this.</P +><P +>Other Microsoft operating systems which also exhibit + this behavior includes</P +><P +></P +><TABLE +BORDER="0" +><TBODY +><TR +><TD +>MS DOS Network client 3.0 with + the basic network redirector installed</TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>Windows 95 with the network redirector + update installed</TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>Windows 98 [se]</TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>Windows 2000</TD +></TR +></TBODY +></TABLE +><P +></P +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Note :</I +></SPAN +>All current release of + Microsoft SMB/CIFS clients support authentication via the + SMB Challenge/Response mechanism described here. Enabling + clear text authentication does not disable the ability + of the client to participate in encrypted authentication.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN346" +></A +>3.2.1. Advantages of SMB Encryption</H2 +><P +></P +><TABLE +BORDER="0" +><TBODY +><TR +><TD +>plain text passwords are not passed across + the network. Someone using a network sniffer cannot just + record passwords going to the SMB server.</TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>WinNT doesn't like talking to a server + that isn't using SMB encrypted passwords. It will refuse + to browse the server if the server is also in user level + security mode. It will insist on prompting the user for the + password on each connection, which is very annoying. The + only things you can do to stop this is to use SMB encryption. + </TD +></TR +></TBODY +></TABLE +><P +></P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN351" +></A +>3.2.2. Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</H2 +><P +></P +><TABLE +BORDER="0" +><TBODY +><TR +><TD +>plain text passwords are not kept + on disk. </TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>uses same password file as other unix + services such as login and ftp</TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +>you are probably already using other + services (such as telnet and ftp) which send plain text + passwords over the net, so sending them for SMB isn't + such a big deal.</TD +></TR +></TBODY +></TABLE +><P +></P +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN357" +></A +>3.3. The smbpasswd Command</H1 +><P +>The smbpasswd utility is a utility similar to the + <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>passwd</B +> or <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>yppasswd</B +> programs. + It maintains the two 32 byte password fields + in the passdb backend. </P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd</B +> works in a client-server mode + where it contacts the local smbd to change the user's password on its + behalf. This has enormous benefits - as follows.</P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd</B +> has the capability + to change passwords on Windows NT servers (this only works when + the request is sent to the NT Primary Domain Controller if you + are changing an NT Domain user's password).</P +><P +>To run smbpasswd as a normal user just type :</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>$ </TT +><TT +CLASS="USERINPUT" +><B +>smbpasswd</B +></TT +></P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>Old SMB password: </TT +><TT +CLASS="USERINPUT" +><B +><type old value here - + or hit return if there was no old password></B +></TT +></P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>New SMB Password: </TT +><TT +CLASS="USERINPUT" +><B +><type new value> + </B +></TT +></P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>Repeat New SMB Password: </TT +><TT +CLASS="USERINPUT" +><B +><re-type new value + </B +></TT +></P +><P +>If the old value does not match the current value stored for + that user, or the two new values do not match each other, then the + password will not be changed.</P +><P +>If invoked by an ordinary user it will only allow the user + to change his or her own Samba password.</P +><P +>If run by the root user smbpasswd may take an optional + argument, specifying the user name whose SMB password you wish to + change. Note that when run as root smbpasswd does not prompt for + or check the old password value, thus allowing root to set passwords + for users who have forgotten their passwords.</P +><P +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd</B +> is designed to work in the same way + and be familiar to UNIX users who use the <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>passwd</B +> or + <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>yppasswd</B +> commands.</P +><P +>For more details on using <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd</B +> refer + to the man page which will always be the definitive reference.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN388" +></A +>3.4. Plain text</H1 +><P +>Older versions of samba retrieved user information from the unix user database +and eventually some other fields from the file <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/samba/smbpasswd</TT +> +or <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/smbpasswd</TT +>. When password encryption is disabled, no +data is stored at all.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN393" +></A +>3.5. TDB</H1 +><P +>Samba can also store the user data in a "TDB" (Trivial Database). Using this backend +doesn't require any additional configuration. This backend is recommended for new installations who +don't require LDAP.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN396" +></A +>3.6. LDAP</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN398" +></A +>3.6.1. Introduction</H2 +><P +>This document describes how to use an LDAP directory for storing Samba user +account information traditionally stored in the smbpasswd(5) file. It is +assumed that the reader already has a basic understanding of LDAP concepts +and has a working directory server already installed. For more information +on LDAP architectures and Directories, please refer to the following sites.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>OpenLDAP - <A +HREF="http://www.openldap.org/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://www.openldap.org/</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +>iPlanet Directory Server - <A +HREF="http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory" +TARGET="_top" +>http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory</A +></P +></LI +></UL +><P +>Note that <A +HREF="http://www.ora.com/" +TARGET="_top" +>O'Reilly Publishing</A +> is working on +a guide to LDAP for System Administrators which has a planned release date of +early summer, 2002.</P +><P +>Two additional Samba resources which may prove to be helpful are</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>The <A +HREF="http://www.unav.es/cti/ldap-smb/ldap-smb-3-howto.html" +TARGET="_top" +>Samba-PDC-LDAP-HOWTO</A +> + maintained by Ignacio Coupeau.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>The NT migration scripts from <A +HREF="http://samba.idealx.org/" +TARGET="_top" +>IDEALX</A +> that are + geared to manage users and group in such a Samba-LDAP Domain Controller configuration. + </P +></LI +></UL +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN418" +></A +>3.6.2. Introduction</H2 +><P +>Traditionally, when configuring <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" +TARGET="_top" +>"encrypt +passwords = yes"</A +> in Samba's <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf</TT +> file, user account +information such as username, LM/NT password hashes, password change times, and account +flags have been stored in the <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smbpasswd(5)</TT +> file. There are several +disadvantages to this approach for sites with very large numbers of users (counted +in the thousands).</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>The first is that all lookups must be performed sequentially. Given that +there are approximately two lookups per domain logon (one for a normal +session connection such as when mapping a network drive or printer), this +is a performance bottleneck for lareg sites. What is needed is an indexed approach +such as is used in databases.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>The second problem is that administrators who desired to replicate a +smbpasswd file to more than one Samba server were left to use external +tools such as <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>rsync(1)</B +> and <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>ssh(1)</B +> +and wrote custom, in-house scripts.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>And finally, the amount of information which is stored in an +smbpasswd entry leaves no room for additional attributes such as +a home directory, password expiration time, or even a Relative +Identified (RID).</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>As a result of these defeciencies, a more robust means of storing user attributes +used by smbd was developed. The API which defines access to user accounts +is commonly referred to as the samdb interface (previously this was called the passdb +API, and is still so named in the CVS trees). In Samba 2.2.3, enabling support +for a samdb backend (e.g. <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>--with-ldapsam</I +></TT +> or +<TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>--with-tdbsam</I +></TT +>) requires compile time support.</P +><P +>When compiling Samba to include the <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>--with-ldapsam</I +></TT +> autoconf +option, smbd (and associated tools) will store and lookup user accounts in +an LDAP directory. In reality, this is very easy to understand. If you are +comfortable with using an smbpasswd file, simply replace "smbpasswd" with +"LDAP directory" in all the documentation.</P +><P +>There are a few points to stress about what the <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>--with-ldapsam</I +></TT +> +does not provide. The LDAP support referred to in the this documentation does not +include:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>A means of retrieving user account information from + an Windows 2000 Active Directory server.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>A means of replacing /etc/passwd.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>The second item can be accomplished by using LDAP NSS and PAM modules. LGPL +versions of these libraries can be obtained from PADL Software +(<A +HREF="http://www.padl.com/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://www.padl.com/</A +>). However, +the details of configuring these packages are beyond the scope of this document.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN447" +></A +>3.6.3. Supported LDAP Servers</H2 +><P +>The LDAP samdb code in 2.2.3 has been developed and tested using the OpenLDAP +2.0 server and client libraries. The same code should be able to work with +Netscape's Directory Server and client SDK. However, due to lack of testing +so far, there are bound to be compile errors and bugs. These should not be +hard to fix. If you are so inclined, please be sure to forward all patches to +<A +HREF="samba-patches@samba.org" +TARGET="_top" +>samba-patches@samba.org</A +> and +<A +HREF="jerry@samba.org" +TARGET="_top" +>jerry@samba.org</A +>.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN452" +></A +>3.6.4. Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</H2 +><P +>Samba 3.0 includes the necessary schema file for OpenLDAP 2.0 in +<TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>examples/LDAP/samba.schema</TT +>. The sambaAccount objectclass is given here:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>objectclass ( 1.3.1.5.1.4.1.7165.2.2.2 NAME 'sambaAccount' SUP top STRUCTURAL + DESC 'Samba Account' + MUST ( uid $ rid ) + MAY ( cn $ lmPassword $ ntPassword $ pwdLastSet $ logonTime $ + logoffTime $ kickoffTime $ pwdCanChange $ pwdMustChange $ acctFlags $ + displayName $ smbHome $ homeDrive $ scriptPath $ profilePath $ + description $ userWorkstations $ primaryGroupID $ domain ))</PRE +></P +><P +>The samba.schema file has been formatted for OpenLDAP 2.0. The OID's are +owned by the Samba Team and as such is legal to be openly published. +If you translate the schema to be used with Netscape DS, please +submit the modified schema file as a patch to <A +HREF="jerry@samba.org" +TARGET="_top" +>jerry@samba.org</A +></P +><P +>Just as the smbpasswd file is mean to store information which supplements a +user's <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> entry, so is the sambaAccount object +meant to supplement the UNIX user account information. A sambaAccount is a +<TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>STRUCTURAL</TT +> objectclass so it can be stored individually +in the directory. However, there are several fields (e.g. uid) which overlap +with the posixAccount objectclass outlined in RFC2307. This is by design.</P +><P +>In order to store all user account information (UNIX and Samba) in the directory, +it is necessary to use the sambaAccount and posixAccount objectclasses in +combination. However, smbd will still obtain the user's UNIX account +information via the standard C library calls (e.g. getpwnam(), et. al.). +This means that the Samba server must also have the LDAP NSS library installed +and functioning correctly. This division of information makes it possible to +store all Samba account information in LDAP, but still maintain UNIX account +information in NIS while the network is transitioning to a full LDAP infrastructure.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN464" +></A +>3.6.5. Configuring Samba with LDAP</H2 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN466" +></A +>3.6.5.1. OpenLDAP configuration</H3 +><P +>To include support for the sambaAccount object in an OpenLDAP directory +server, first copy the samba.schema file to slapd's configuration directory.</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>cp samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/</B +></P +><P +>Next, include the <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>samba.schema</TT +> file in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>slapd.conf</TT +>. +The sambaAccount object contains two attributes which depend upon other schema +files. The 'uid' attribute is defined in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>cosine.schema</TT +> and +the 'displayName' attribute is defined in the <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>inetorgperson.schema</TT +> +file. Both of these must be included before the <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>samba.schema</TT +> file.</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>## /etc/openldap/slapd.conf + +## schema files (core.schema is required by default) +include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema + +## needed for sambaAccount +include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema +include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema +include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema + +## uncomment this line if you want to support the RFC2307 (NIS) schema +## include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema + +....</PRE +></P +><P +>It is recommended that you maintain some indices on some of the most usefull attributes, +like in the following example, to speed up searches made on sambaAccount objectclasses +(and possibly posixAccount and posixGroup as well).</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +># Indices to maintain +## required by OpenLDAP 2.0 +index objectclass eq + +## support pb_getsampwnam() +index uid pres,eq +## support pdb_getsambapwrid() +index rid eq + +## uncomment these if you are storing posixAccount and +## posixGroup entries in the directory as well +##index uidNumber eq +##index gidNumber eq +##index cn eq +##index memberUid eq</PRE +></P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN483" +></A +>3.6.5.2. Configuring Samba</H3 +><P +>The following parameters are available in smb.conf only with <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>--with-ldapsam</I +></TT +> +was included with compiling Samba.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSSL" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap ssl</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSERVER" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap server</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPADMINDN" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap admin dn</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSUFFIX" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap suffix</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPFILTER" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap filter</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +><A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPPORT" +TARGET="_top" +>ldap port</A +></P +></LI +></UL +><P +>These are described in the <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html" +TARGET="_top" +>smb.conf(5)</A +> man +page and so will not be repeated here. However, a sample smb.conf file for +use with an LDAP directory could appear as</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>## /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf +[global] + security = user + encrypt passwords = yes + + netbios name = TASHTEGO + workgroup = NARNIA + + # ldap related parameters + + # define the DN to use when binding to the directory servers + # The password for this DN is not stored in smb.conf. Rather it + # must be set by using 'smbpasswd -w <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>secretpw</I +></TT +>' to store the + # passphrase in the secrets.tdb file. If the "ldap admin dn" values + # changes, this password will need to be reset. + ldap admin dn = "cn=Samba Manager,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org" + + # specify the LDAP server's hostname (defaults to locahost) + ldap server = ahab.samba.org + + # Define the SSL option when connecting to the directory + # ('off', 'start tls', or 'on' (default)) + ldap ssl = start tls + + # define the port to use in the LDAP session (defaults to 636 when + # "ldap ssl = on") + ldap port = 389 + + # specify the base DN to use when searching the directory + ldap suffix = "ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org" + + # generally the default ldap search filter is ok + # ldap filter = "(&(uid=%u)(objectclass=sambaAccount))"</PRE +></P +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN511" +></A +>3.6.6. Accounts and Groups management</H2 +><P +>As users accounts are managed thru the sambaAccount objectclass, you should +modify you existing administration tools to deal with sambaAccount attributes.</P +><P +>Machines accounts are managed with the sambaAccount objectclass, just +like users accounts. However, it's up to you to stored thoses accounts +in a different tree of you LDAP namespace: you should use +"ou=Groups,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store groups and +"ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store users. Just configure your +NSS and PAM accordingly (usually, in the /etc/ldap.conf configuration +file).</P +><P +>In Samba release 3.0, the group management system is based on posix +groups. This means that Samba make usage of the posixGroup objectclass. +For now, there is no NT-like group system management (global and local +groups).</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN516" +></A +>3.6.7. Security and sambaAccount</H2 +><P +>There are two important points to remember when discussing the security +of sambaAccount entries in the directory.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Never</I +></SPAN +> retrieve the lmPassword or + ntPassword attribute values over an unencrypted LDAP session.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Never</I +></SPAN +> allow non-admin users to + view the lmPassword or ntPassword attribute values.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>These password hashes are clear text equivalents and can be used to impersonate +the user without deriving the original clear text strings. For more information +on the details of LM/NT password hashes, refer to the <A +HREF="ENCRYPTION.html" +TARGET="_top" +>ENCRYPTION chapter</A +> of the Samba-HOWTO-Collection.</P +><P +>To remedy the first security issue, the "ldap ssl" smb.conf parameter defaults +to require an encrypted session (<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>ldap ssl = on</B +>) using +the default port of 636 +when contacting the directory server. When using an OpenLDAP 2.0 server, it +is possible to use the use the StartTLS LDAP extended operation in the place of +LDAPS. In either case, you are strongly discouraged to disable this security +(<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>ldap ssl = off</B +>).</P +><P +>Note that the LDAPS protocol is deprecated in favor of the LDAPv3 StartTLS +extended operation. However, the OpenLDAP library still provides support for +the older method of securing communication between clients and servers.</P +><P +>The second security precaution is to prevent non-administrative users from +harvesting password hashes from the directory. This can be done using the +following ACL in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>slapd.conf</TT +>:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>## allow the "ldap admin dn" access, but deny everyone else +access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword + by dn="cn=Samba Admin,ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" write + by * none</PRE +></P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN536" +></A +>3.6.8. LDAP specials attributes for sambaAccounts</H2 +><P +>The sambaAccount objectclass is composed of the following attributes:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>lmPassword</TT +>: the LANMAN password 16-byte hash stored as a character + representation of a hexidecimal string.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>ntPassword</TT +>: the NT password hash 16-byte stored as a character + representation of a hexidecimal string.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>pwdLastSet</TT +>: The integer time in seconds since 1970 when the + <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>lmPassword</TT +> and <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>ntPassword</TT +> attributes were last set. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>acctFlags</TT +>: string of 11 characters surrounded by square brackets [] + representing account flags such as U (user), W(workstation), X(no password expiration), and + D(disabled).</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>logonTime</TT +>: Integer value currently unused</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>logoffTime</TT +>: Integer value currently unused</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>kickoffTime</TT +>: Integer value currently unused</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>pwdCanChange</TT +>: Integer value currently unused</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>pwdMustChange</TT +>: Integer value currently unused</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>homeDrive</TT +>: specifies the drive letter to which to map the + UNC path specified by homeDirectory. The drive letter must be specified in the form "X:" + where X is the letter of the drive to map. Refer to the "logon drive" parameter in the + smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>scriptPath</TT +>: The scriptPath property specifies the path of + the user's logon script, .CMD, .EXE, or .BAT file. The string can be null. The path + is relative to the netlogon share. Refer to the "logon script" parameter in the + smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>profilePath</TT +>: specifies a path to the user's profile. + This value can be a null string, a local absolute path, or a UNC path. Refer to the + "logon path" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>smbHome</TT +>: The homeDirectory property specifies the path of + the home directory for the user. The string can be null. If homeDrive is set and specifies + a drive letter, homeDirectory should be a UNC path. The path must be a network + UNC path of the form \\server\share\directory. This value can be a null string. + Refer to the "logon home" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>userWorkstation</TT +>: character string value currently unused. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>rid</TT +>: the integer representation of the user's relative identifier + (RID).</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>primaryGroupID</TT +>: the relative identifier (RID) of the primary group + of the user.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>The majority of these parameters are only used when Samba is acting as a PDC of +a domain (refer to the <A +HREF="Samba-PDC-HOWTO.html" +TARGET="_top" +>Samba-PDC-HOWTO</A +> for details on +how to configure Samba as a Primary Domain Controller). The following four attributes +are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if the values are non-default values:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>smbHome</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>scriptPath</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>logonPath</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>homeDrive</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>These attributes are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if +the values are non-default values. For example, assume TASHTEGO has now been +configured as a PDC and that <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>logon home = \\%L\%u</B +> was defined in +its <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf</TT +> file. When a user named "becky" logons to the domain, +the <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>logon home</I +></TT +> string is expanded to \\TASHTEGO\becky. +If the smbHome attribute exists in the entry "uid=becky,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org", +this value is used. However, if this attribute does not exist, then the value +of the <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>logon home</I +></TT +> parameter is used in its place. Samba +will only write the attribute value to the directory entry is the value is +something other than the default (e.g. \\MOBY\becky).</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN606" +></A +>3.6.9. Example LDIF Entries for a sambaAccount</H2 +><P +>The following is a working LDIF with the inclusion of the posixAccount objectclass:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>dn: uid=guest2, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org +ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7 +pwdMustChange: 2147483647 +primaryGroupID: 1201 +lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE +pwdLastSet: 1010179124 +logonTime: 0 +objectClass: sambaAccount +uid: guest2 +kickoffTime: 2147483647 +acctFlags: [UX ] +logoffTime: 2147483647 +rid: 19006 +pwdCanChange: 0</PRE +></P +><P +>The following is an LDIF entry for using both the sambaAccount and +posixAccount objectclasses:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>dn: uid=gcarter, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org +logonTime: 0 +displayName: Gerald Carter +lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE +primaryGroupID: 1201 +objectClass: posixAccount +objectClass: sambaAccount +acctFlags: [UX ] +userPassword: {crypt}BpM2ej8Rkzogo +uid: gcarter +uidNumber: 9000 +cn: Gerald Carter +loginShell: /bin/bash +logoffTime: 2147483647 +gidNumber: 100 +kickoffTime: 2147483647 +pwdLastSet: 1010179230 +rid: 19000 +homeDirectory: /home/tashtego/gcarter +pwdCanChange: 0 +pwdMustChange: 2147483647 +ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7</PRE +></P +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN614" +></A +>3.7. MySQL</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN616" +></A +>3.7.1. Building</H2 +><P +>To build the plugin, run <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>make bin/pdb_mysql.so</B +> +in the <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>source/</TT +> directory of samba distribution. </P +><P +>Next, copy pdb_mysql.so to any location you want. I +strongly recommend installing it in $PREFIX/lib or /usr/lib/samba/</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN622" +></A +>3.7.2. Creating the database</H2 +><P +>You either can set up your own table and specify the field names to pdb_mysql (see below +for the column names) or use the default table. The file <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</TT +> +contains the correct queries to create the required tables. Use the command : + +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>mysql -u<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>username</I +></TT +> -h<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>hostname</I +></TT +> -p<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>password</I +></TT +> <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>databasename</I +></TT +> < <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/path/to/samba/examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</TT +></B +> </P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN632" +></A +>3.7.3. Configuring</H2 +><P +>This plugin lacks some good documentation, but here is some short info:</P +><P +>Add a the following to the <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>passdb backend</B +> variable in your <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf</TT +>: +<PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>passdb backend = [other-plugins] plugin:/location/to/pdb_mysql.so:identifier [other-plugins]</PRE +></P +><P +>The identifier can be any string you like, as long as it doesn't collide with +the identifiers of other plugins or other instances of pdb_mysql. If you +specify multiple pdb_mysql.so entries in 'passdb backend', you also need to +use different identifiers!</P +><P +>Additional options can be given thru the smb.conf file in the [global] section.</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>identifier:mysql host - host name, defaults to 'localhost' +identifier:mysql password +identifier:mysql user - defaults to 'samba' +identifier:mysql database - defaults to 'samba' +identifier:mysql port - defaults to 3306 +identifier:table - Name of the table containing users</PRE +></P +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/stylesheet/dsssl/modular/images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>Since the password for the mysql user is stored in the +smb.conf file, you should make the the smb.conf file +readable only to the user that runs samba. This is considered a security +bug and will be fixed soon.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>Names of the columns in this table(I've added column types those columns should have first):</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>identifier:logon time column - int(9) +identifier:logoff time column - int(9) +identifier:kickoff time column - int(9) +identifier:pass last set time column - int(9) +identifier:pass can change time column - int(9) +identifier:pass must change time column - int(9) +identifier:username column - varchar(255) - unix username +identifier:domain column - varchar(255) - NT domain user is part of +identifier:nt username column - varchar(255) - NT username +identifier:fullname column - varchar(255) - Full name of user +identifier:home dir column - varchar(255) - Unix homedir path +identifier:dir drive column - varchar(2) - Directory drive path (eg: 'H:') +identifier:logon script column - varchar(255) - Batch file to run on client side when logging on +identifier:profile path column - varchar(255) - Path of profile +identifier:acct desc column - varchar(255) - Some ASCII NT user data +identifier:workstations column - varchar(255) - Workstations user can logon to (or NULL for all) +identifier:unknown string column - varchar(255) - unknown string +identifier:munged dial column - varchar(255) - ? +identifier:uid column - int(9) - Unix user ID (uid) +identifier:gid column - int(9) - Unix user group (gid) +identifier:user sid column - varchar(255) - NT user SID +identifier:group sid column - varchar(255) - NT group ID +identifier:lanman pass column - varchar(255) - encrypted lanman password +identifier:nt pass column - varchar(255) - encrypted nt passwd +identifier:plain pass column - varchar(255) - plaintext password +identifier:acct control column - int(9) - nt user data +identifier:unknown 3 column - int(9) - unknown +identifier:logon divs column - int(9) - ? +identifier:hours len column - int(9) - ? +identifier:unknown 5 column - int(9) - unknown +identifier:unknown 6 column - int(9) - unknown</PRE +></P +><P +>Eventually, you can put a colon (:) after the name of each column, which +should specify the column to update when updating the table. You can also +specify nothing behind the colon - then the data from the field will not be +updated. </P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN649" +></A +>3.7.4. Using plaintext passwords or encrypted password</H2 +><P +>I strongly discourage the use of plaintext passwords, however, you can use them:</P +><P +>If you would like to use plaintext passwords, set 'identifier:lanman pass column' and 'identifier:nt pass column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes) and 'identifier:plain pass column' to the name of the column containing the plaintext passwords. </P +><P +>If you use encrypted passwords, set the 'identifier:plain pass column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes). This is the default.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN654" +></A +>3.7.5. Getting non-column data from the table</H2 +><P +>It is possible to have not all data in the database and making some 'constant'.</P +><P +>For example, you can set 'identifier:fullname column' to : +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>CONCAT(First_name,' ',Sur_name)</B +></P +><P +>Or, set 'identifier:workstations column' to : +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>NULL</B +></P +><P +>See the MySQL documentation for more language constructs.</P +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN662" +></A +>3.8. Passdb XML plugin</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN664" +></A +>3.8.1. Building</H2 +><P +>This module requires libxml2 to be installed.</P +><P +>To build pdb_xml, run: <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>make bin/pdb_xml.so</B +> in +the directory <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>source/</TT +>. </P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN670" +></A +>3.8.2. Usage</H2 +><P +>The usage of pdb_xml is pretty straightforward. To export data, use: + +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>pdbedit -e plugin:/usr/lib/samba/pdb_xml.so:filename</B +> + +(where filename is the name of the file to put the data in)</P +><P +>To import data, use: +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>pdbedit -i plugin:/usr/lib/samba/pdb_xml.so:filename -e current-pdb</B +> + +Where filename is the name to read the data from and current-pdb to put it in.</P +></DIV +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="NAVFOOTER" +><HR +ALIGN="LEFT" +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +CELLPADDING="0" +CELLSPACING="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="browsing-quick.html" +ACCESSKEY="P" +>Prev</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="34%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="samba-howto-collection.html" +ACCESSKEY="H" +>Home</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="type.html" +ACCESSKEY="N" +>Next</A +></TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="top" +>Quick Cross Subnet Browsing / Cross Workgroup Browsing guide</TD +><TD +WIDTH="34%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="introduction.html" +ACCESSKEY="U" +>Up</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="top" +>Type of installation</TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></BODY +></HTML +>
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