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authorGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2002-10-02 14:08:40 +0000
committerGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2002-10-02 14:08:40 +0000
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>Debugging Printing Problems</TITLE
+><META
+NAME="GENERATOR"
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+TITLE="Printing Support in Samba 2.2.x"
+HREF="printing.html"><LINK
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+>SAMBA Project Documentation</TH
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+><A
+HREF="printing.html"
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+>Prev</A
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+><HR
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+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="CHAPTER"
+><H1
+><A
+NAME="PRINTINGDEBUG">Chapter 8. Debugging Printing Problems</H1
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1125">8.1. Introduction</H1
+><P
+>This is a short description of how to debug printing problems with
+Samba. This describes how to debug problems with printing from a SMB
+client to a Samba server, not the other way around. For the reverse
+see the examples/printing directory.</P
+><P
+>Ok, so you want to print to a Samba server from your PC. The first
+thing you need to understand is that Samba does not actually do any
+printing itself, it just acts as a middleman between your PC client
+and your Unix printing subsystem. Samba receives the file from the PC
+then passes the file to a external "print command". What print command
+you use is up to you.</P
+><P
+>The whole things is controlled using options in smb.conf. The most
+relevant options (which you should look up in the smb.conf man page)
+are:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> [global]
+ print command - send a file to a spooler
+ lpq command - get spool queue status
+ lprm command - remove a job
+ [printers]
+ path = /var/spool/lpd/samba</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>The following are nice to know about:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> queuepause command - stop a printer or print queue
+ queueresume command - start a printer or print queue</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>Example:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> print command = /usr/bin/lpr -r -P%p %s
+ lpq command = /usr/bin/lpq -P%p %s
+ lprm command = /usr/bin/lprm -P%p %j
+ queuepause command = /usr/sbin/lpc -P%p stop
+ queuepause command = /usr/sbin/lpc -P%p start</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>Samba should set reasonable defaults for these depending on your
+system type, but it isn't clairvoyant. It is not uncommon that you
+have to tweak these for local conditions. The commands should
+always have fully specified pathnames, as the smdb may not have
+the correct PATH values.</P
+><P
+>When you send a job to Samba to be printed, it will make a temporary
+copy of it in the directory specified in the [printers] section.
+and it should be periodically cleaned out. The lpr -r option
+requests that the temporary copy be removed after printing; If
+printing fails then you might find leftover files in this directory,
+and it should be periodically cleaned out. Samba used the lpq
+command to determine the "job number" assigned to your print job
+by the spooler.</P
+><P
+>The %&gt;letter&lt; are "macros" that get dynamically replaced with appropriate
+values when they are used. The %s gets replaced with the name of the spool
+file that Samba creates and the %p gets replaced with the name of the
+printer. The %j gets replaced with the "job number" which comes from
+the lpq output.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1141">8.2. Debugging printer problems</H1
+><P
+>One way to debug printing problems is to start by replacing these
+command with shell scripts that record the arguments and the contents
+of the print file. A simple example of this kind of things might
+be:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> print command = /tmp/saveprint %p %s
+
+ #!/bin/saveprint
+ # we make sure that we are the right user
+ /usr/bin/id -p &#62;/tmp/tmp.print
+ # we run the command and save the error messages
+ # replace the command with the one appropriate for your system
+ /usr/bin/lpr -r -P$1 $2 2&#62;&#62;&#38;/tmp/tmp.print</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>Then you print a file and try removing it. You may find that the
+print queue needs to be stopped in order to see the queue status
+and remove the job:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+>&#13;h4: {42} % echo hi &#62;/tmp/hi
+h4: {43} % smbclient //localhost/lw4
+added interface ip=10.0.0.4 bcast=10.0.0.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+Password:
+Domain=[ASTART] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.0.7]
+smb: \&#62; print /tmp/hi
+putting file /tmp/hi as hi-17534 (0.0 kb/s) (average 0.0 kb/s)
+smb: \&#62; queue
+1049 3 hi-17534
+smb: \&#62; cancel 1049
+Error cancelling job 1049 : code 0
+smb: \&#62; cancel 1049
+Job 1049 cancelled
+smb: \&#62; queue
+smb: \&#62; exit</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>The 'code 0' indicates that the job was removed. The comment
+by the smbclient is a bit misleading on this.
+You can observe the command output and then and look at the
+/tmp/tmp.print file to see what the results are. You can quickly
+find out if the problem is with your printing system. Often people
+have problems with their /etc/printcap file or permissions on
+various print queues.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1150">8.3. What printers do I have?</H1
+><P
+>You can use the 'testprns' program to check to see if the printer
+name you are using is recognized by Samba. For example, you can
+use:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> testprns printer /etc/printcap</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>Samba can get its printcap information from a file or from a program.
+You can try the following to see the format of the extracted
+information:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> testprns -a printer /etc/printcap
+
+ testprns -a printer '|/bin/cat printcap'</PRE
+></P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1158">8.4. Setting up printcap and print servers</H1
+><P
+>You may need to set up some printcaps for your Samba system to use.
+It is strongly recommended that you use the facilities provided by
+the print spooler to set up queues and printcap information.</P
+><P
+>Samba requires either a printcap or program to deliver printcap
+information. This printcap information has the format:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> name|alias1|alias2...:option=value:...</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>For almost all printing systems, the printer 'name' must be composed
+only of alphanumeric or underscore '_' characters. Some systems also
+allow hyphens ('-') as well. An alias is an alternative name for the
+printer, and an alias with a space in it is used as a 'comment'
+about the printer. The printcap format optionally uses a \ at the end of lines
+to extend the printcap to multiple lines.</P
+><P
+>Here are some examples of printcap files:</P
+><P
+><P
+></P
+><OL
+TYPE="1"
+><LI
+><P
+>pr just printer name</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>pr|alias printer name and alias</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>pr|My Printer printer name, alias used as comment</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>pr:sh:\ Same as pr:sh:cm= testing
+ :cm= \
+ testing</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>pr:sh Same as pr:sh:cm= testing
+ :cm= testing</P
+></LI
+></OL
+></P
+><P
+>Samba reads the printcap information when first started. If you make
+changes in the printcap information, then you must do the following:</P
+><P
+></P
+><OL
+TYPE="1"
+><LI
+><P
+>make sure that the print spooler is aware of these changes.
+The LPRng system uses the 'lpc reread' command to do this.</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>make sure that the spool queues, etc., exist and have the
+correct permissions. The LPRng system uses the 'checkpc -f'
+command to do this.</P
+></LI
+><LI
+><P
+>You now should send a SIGHUP signal to the smbd server to have
+it reread the printcap information.</P
+></LI
+></OL
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1186">8.5. Job sent, no output</H1
+><P
+>This is the most frustrating part of printing. You may have sent the
+job, verified that the job was forwarded, set up a wrapper around
+the command to send the file, but there was no output from the printer.</P
+><P
+>First, check to make sure that the job REALLY is getting to the
+right print queue. If you are using a BSD or LPRng print spooler,
+you can temporarily stop the printing of jobs. Jobs can still be
+submitted, but they will not be printed. Use:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> lpc -Pprinter stop</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>Now submit a print job and then use 'lpq -Pprinter' to see if the
+job is in the print queue. If it is not in the print queue then
+you will have to find out why it is not being accepted for printing.</P
+><P
+>Next, you may want to check to see what the format of the job really
+was. With the assistance of the system administrator you can view
+the submitted jobs files. You may be surprised to find that these
+are not in what you would expect to call a printable format.
+You can use the UNIX 'file' utitily to determine what the job
+format actually is:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> cd /var/spool/lpd/printer # spool directory of print jobs
+ ls # find job files
+ file dfA001myhost</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>You should make sure that your printer supports this format OR that
+your system administrator has installed a 'print filter' that will
+convert the file to a format appropriate for your printer.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1197">8.6. Job sent, strange output</H1
+><P
+>Once you have the job printing, you can then start worrying about
+making it print nicely.</P
+><P
+>The most common problem is extra pages of output: banner pages
+OR blank pages at the end.</P
+><P
+>If you are getting banner pages, check and make sure that the
+printcap option or printer option is configured for no banners.
+If you have a printcap, this is the :sh (suppress header or banner
+page) option. You should have the following in your printer.</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> printer: ... :sh</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>If you have this option and are still getting banner pages, there
+is a strong chance that your printer is generating them for you
+automatically. You should make sure that banner printing is disabled
+for the printer. This usually requires using the printer setup software
+or procedures supplied by the printer manufacturer.</P
+><P
+>If you get an extra page of output, this could be due to problems
+with your job format, or if you are generating PostScript jobs,
+incorrect setting on your printer driver on the MicroSoft client.
+For example, under Win95 there is a option:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> Printers|Printer Name|(Right Click)Properties|Postscript|Advanced|</PRE
+></P
+><P
+>that allows you to choose if a Ctrl-D is appended to all jobs.
+This is a very bad thing to do, as most spooling systems will
+automatically add a ^D to the end of the job if it is detected as
+PostScript. The multiple ^D may cause an additional page of output.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1209">8.7. Raw PostScript printed</H1
+><P
+>This is a problem that is usually caused by either the print spooling
+system putting information at the start of the print job that makes
+the printer think the job is a text file, or your printer simply
+does not support PostScript. You may need to enable 'Automatic
+Format Detection' on your printer.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1212">8.8. Advanced Printing</H1
+><P
+>Note that you can do some pretty magic things by using your
+imagination with the "print command" option and some shell scripts.
+Doing print accounting is easy by passing the %U option to a print
+command shell script. You could even make the print command detect
+the type of output and its size and send it to an appropriate
+printer.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1215">8.9. Real debugging</H1
+><P
+>If the above debug tips don't help, then maybe you need to bring in
+the bug guns, system tracing. See Tracing.txt in this directory.</P
+></DIV
+></DIV
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+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+>&nbsp;</TD
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