diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-TheNetCommand.xml | 275 |
1 files changed, 268 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-TheNetCommand.xml b/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-TheNetCommand.xml index 510fda5b3c..83d41797d7 100644 --- a/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-TheNetCommand.xml +++ b/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-TheNetCommand.xml @@ -198,18 +198,19 @@ SupportEngrs (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-3007) -> SupportEngrs <screen> &rootprompt; net groupmap add ntgroup="EliteEngrs" unixgroup=Engineers type=d </screen> - A Windows group may be deleted while preserving the UNIX group using this command: + A Windows group may be deleted, and then a new Windows group can be mapped to the UNIX group by + executing these commands: <screen> -&rootprompt; net groupmap modify ntgroup=EngineDrivers unixgroup=Engineers type=d +&rootprompt; net groupmap delete ntgroup=Engineers +&rootprompt; net groupmap add ntgroup=EngineDrivers unixgroup=Engineers type=d </screen> </para> <para> - The reason for using the <constant>modify</constant> method is to avoid any attempt to create a new - UNIX group, the default operation of the <constant>add</constant> method. The <constant>add</constant> - method creates a new group and then maps it to the Windows group name. It is the mapping that creates - the Windows group; the <constant>modify</constant> method performs only the mapping and avoids the - creation of the POSIX group account. + Both the Windows group as well as the UNIX group can be deleted by executing: +<screen> +&rootprompt; net groupmap delete ntgroup= +</screen> </para> </sect4> @@ -260,6 +261,70 @@ SupportEngrs (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-3007) -> SupportEngrs </sect3> + <sect3> + <title>Nested Group Support</title> + + <para> +<screen> +Windows supports the concept of nested groups to ease +administration. You can create a so-called local group on +any machine and add users and global (domain) groups from +any trusted SAM to it. This way you might be able to reduce +the amount of ACL entries you have to set on any file or +directory. Another prominent example is the use of administrative +privileges on workstations that are domain members. Administrative +privileges are given to all members of the builtin local group +Administrators on each workstation. To make sure that all +domain administrators also have full rights on any workstation, +upon domain join the Domain Admins group is added to the local +Administrators group. Thus anybody logged into the domain as +member of the Domain Admins group is also granted local admin +privileges on each workstation. + +Unix does not support the concept of nested groups, and thus Samba +has for a long time not supported them either. The problem is that +you would have to put unix groups as auxiliary members of a group +into /etc/group which is not possible. Since Samba 2.2 winbind is +the daemon that can provide /etc/group entries on demand by asking +the Domain Controller of the domain Samba is a member of on the fly. +So Samba since that time has control over the /etc/group file via +the dynamic libnss_winbind mechanism. Beginning with Samba 3.0.3 +this facility is used to provide local groups in the same manner +as Windows does it. It works by expanding the local groups on the +fly while being accessed. So when you put for example the Domain +Users group of your domain as a member of the local alias "all", +whenever asking for the members of "all" winbind asks the DC +for all members of the Domain Users group. By definition it can +only contain user objects which can then be faked to be member of +the Unix group "all". + +To be able to use nested groups, you need to run winbindd and +nss_winbind. Creation and administration of the local groups +is done best via the Windows User Manager for Domains or its +Samba equivalent, the utility "net rpc group". Creating the +local group "all" can be done by + +net rpc group add all -L + +where the -L switch denotes that you want to create a local group. +Please add -S and -U switches for accessing the correct host via a +user with root priviliges as needed. Adding and removing group +members can be done via the addmem and delmem subcommands of "net +rpc group". For example adding "DOM\Domain Users" to the local +group "all" would be done by + +net rpc group addmem all "DOM\Domain Users" + +Having done these two steps you will find that "getent group all" +will show all members of the global Domain Users group as members +of the group "all". Certainly this also works with any local or +domain user. In case the domain DOM trusts another domain, it is +also possible to add global users and groups of the trusted domain +as members of "all". +</screen> + </para> + + </sect3> </sect2> @@ -411,6 +476,202 @@ Join to 'MIDEARTH' is OK <title>Migration of Files Across Servers</title> <para> +<screen> +MIGRATING WINDOWS FILE- AND PRINT-SERVERS +========================================= + +In a similar way as account-information like users, groups, group-memberships +and passwords can be migrated using the "net rpc vampire"-facility, "net" also +provides a framework to move files, directories, printers and all +printer-relevant data from a Windows Server to a Samba Server. + +A couple of command-line switches allow "net" to create almost 1:1 clones of +your Windows-Systems. To give an example: When migrating a file-server, +file-ACLs and DOS-Attributes that are existing on your Windows-System can be +included in the migration process and will reappear - in a most identical way - +on your Samba-System once the migration is finished. + +The way the "net rpc printer" and "net rpc share" commands are implemented may +require your local Samba Server to be started before migration. Both commands +use SMB- and MSRPC-Calls to do the migration-work. This allows rather flexible +migration-scenarios: a host named "client" (where the "net"-command is run) can +act as a intermediate host while migrating data from "server1" to "server2". +The default is to migrate to the local machine though, to the machine where +"net" is called. + +Be warned of taking any migration easy. To succeed and to have a real clone of +the system you want to replace with Samba you need a good understanding of how +the migration-process works and of any possible caveats. + +In the following, the terms "original", "source" or "originating" always mean a +remote system that you want to migrate to a "destinating", "destination" or +"target" system. The default target is "localhost". + + +Migrating a File-Server +======================= + +Migrating plain file-shares +----------------------------------------------------------- + +"net" allows to migrate plain share-definitions. These consists of a +share-name, a directory-path in the file-system, an optional description and +security-settings that allow share-access. If your migration-destination is a +Samba-System (the most obvious case), you need to have a "add share command" +configured in smb.conf. Otherwise the share-add on the destination-system will +fail. There is an example script that is suitable for the "add share command" +available under $SAMBA_SOURCES/examples/misc/. In addition, the account that is +used during migration must have enough permissions to add shares on the +destination system. See the privileges-chapter elsewhere in this document for a +description of how to set up the required privileges. + +* Syntax: + + net rpc share MIGRATE SHARES <sharename> -S <source> + [--destination=localhost] [--exclude=share1,share2] [-v] + +If <sharename> is ommited, all shares will be migrated. The (possibly huge) +list of offered shares on the remote system can be limited with the +"--exclude"-switch in that case. + +* Example: + + "net rpc share migrate shares myshare -S win2k -U administrator%secret" + + - will migrate the share "myshare" from the server "win2k" to your + local Samba Server using the account "administrator" and the password + "secret". Note that "administrator" must exist on "win2k" and on your local samba + server with the same password. All the files and directories that are shared inside + "myshare" are not migrated yet. + + +Migrate files and directories of file-shares +----------------------------------------------------------- + +Of more interest than the plain share-migration is getting all files and +directories recursively from a remote server to your local system. "net" allows +to do exactly that. As several other Windows-based utilities (robocopy, scopy +and xcopy to name only a few), "net" can keep the original file-ACLs and +DOS-attributes during the file-copy-process. Please note that including ACLs +only makes sense when it is planned that the destination system is run under +the same security-context as the source system. This is true if the destination +system is run either as a domain-member or as domain-controller of a +"vampired" domain. Also note that the migrated share (as share-definition) +*must* already exist on the destination system. + +* Syntax: + + net rpc share MIGRATE FILES <sharename> -S <source> + [--destination=localhost] [--exclude=share1,share2] + [--acls] [--attrs] [--timestamps] [-v] + +If <sharename> is ommited, all shares will be migrated. The (possibly huge) +list of offered shares on the remote system can be limited with the +"--exclude"-switch. + +File-ACLs are included when run with the "--acls"-switch, DOS-attributes +(hidden-, archive-bit, etc.) are included with "--attrs", the original +timestamps are kept when "--timestamps" is choosen. Note that the resulting set +of ACLs, attributes and timestamps is strongly dependent on the capabilities of +your destination system. You may already have noticed the differences between +NTFS-ACLs (that all Windows-Server provide) and POSIX-ACLs (that are available +on Samba-Servers). As the file-copy is done using native Microsoft Network +Protocols, "net" does not alter e.g. ACLs in any ways, it just copies them +one-by-one. Anyway, the resulting ACLs on Samba will most probably not match +the originating ACLs. The ACL-migration may even fail when files and +directories on your source system are owned by a group. As group-ownership of +files and directories is not implemented by Samba3, the copy of the whole ACL +will fail on that file. This is not critical for the whole migration process +and there is a valid workaround: You can use "force unknown acl user = yes" on +the shares on the Samba-side. That way, group-ownership is silently converted +into a user-ownership to the user that is used by the "net"-migration-command. + +* Example: + + net rpc share migrate files -S nt4box --acls --attrs -U administrator%secret + + - will migrate all files and directories from all file-shares shared on + "nt4box" to your to local Samba server using the + "Administrator"-account - including all file-ACLs and all DOS-attributes If. + files are owned by a group on "nt4box" they will be owned by "administrator" on + the Samba server only when all samba-shares use "force unknown acl user = yes". + + +Migrating shares including files and directories +----------------------------------------------------------- + +This mode is just a combination of the two above. It first migrates +share-definitions and then all shared files and directories afterwards. + +* Syntax: + + net rpc share MIGRATE ALL <sharename> -S <source> + [--exclude=share1, share2] [--acls] [--attrs] [--timestamps] [-v] + +' Example: + + net rpc share migrate all -S w2k3server -U administrator%secret + + - will generate a full file-server clone of "w2k3server" using the + "administrator"-account. + + +Migrating a Print-Server +======================== + +Migrating printers +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE PRINTERS [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates printers from remote to local server + + +Migrating printer-drivers +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE DRIVERS [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates printer-drivers from remote to local server + + +Migrating printer-forms +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE FORMS [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates printer-forms from remote to local server + + +Migrating printer security-settings +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE SECURITY [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates printer-ACLs from remote to local server + + +Migrating printer-settings +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE SETTINGS [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates printer-settings from remote to local server + + +Migrating printers including all the above mentioned sets of information +----------------------------------------------------------- + +net rpc printer MIGRATE ALL [printer] [misc. options] [targets] + migrates drivers, forms, queues, settings and acls from + remote to local print-server + + + +Known Limitations +----------------------------------------------------------- + +* net requires that the given credentials exist both on the migration source + and the migration target. + +* printer-settings may not be fully or incorrectly migrated. This might in + particular happen when migrating a Windows 2003 print-server to Samba. +</screen> </para> </sect3> |