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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.sgml deleted file mode 100644 index 57faebdcd6..0000000000 --- a/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.sgml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1794 +0,0 @@ -<chapter id="CUPS-printing"> - - -<chapterinfo> - &author.jht; - <author> - <firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname> - <affiliation> - <address><email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email></address> - </affiliation> - </author> - <pubdate> (25 March 2003) </pubdate> -</chapterinfo> - -<title>CUPS Printing Support</title> - -<sect1> -<title>Introduction</title> - -<para> -The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) has become very popular, but to many it is -a very mystical tool. There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding CUPS and how -it works. The result is seen in a large number of posting on the samba mailing lists -expressing frustration when MS Windows printers appear not to work with a CUPS -backr-end. -</para> - -<para> -This is a good time to point out how CUPS can be used and what it does. CUPS is more -than just a print spooling system - it is a complete printer management system that -complies with HTTP and IPP protocols. It can be managed remotely via a web browser -and it can print using http and ipp protocols. -</para> - -<para> -CUPS allows to creation of RAW printers (ie: NO file format translation) as well as -SMART printers (ie: CUPS does file format conversion as required for the printer). In -many ways this gives CUPS similar capabilities to the MS Windows print monitoring -system. Of course, if you are a CUPS advocate, you would agrue that CUPS is better! -In any case, let us now move on to explore how one may configure CUPS for interfacing -with MS Windows print clients via Samba. -</para> - -<para> -<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink> is a newcomer in the UNIX printing scene, -which has convinced many people upon first trial already. However, it has quite a few -new features, which make it different from other, more traditional printing systems. -</para> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Configuring &smb.conf; for CUPS</title> - -<para> -Printing with CUPS in the most basic &smb.conf; -setup in Samba-3 only needs two settings: <command>printing = cups</command> and -<command>printcap = cups</command>. While CUPS itself doesn't need a printcap -anymore, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows two directives -(example: <command>Printcap /etc/printcap</command> and <command>PrintcapFormat -BSD</command>), which control if such a file should be created for the -convenience of third party applications. Make sure it is set! For details see -<command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation. -</para> - -<para> -If SAMBA is compiled against libcups, then <command>printcap = cups</command> uses the -CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, etc. Otherwise it maps to the System V commands -with an additional <parameter>-oraw</parameter> option for printing. On a Linux system, -you can use the <command>ldd</command> command to find out details (ldd may not be -present on other OS platforms, or its function may be embodied by a different command): -</para> - -<para> -<programlisting>transmeta:/home/kurt # ldd `which smbd` - libssl.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.6 (0x4002d000) - libcrypto.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.6 (0x4005a000) - libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) - libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401e8000) - libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x401ec000) - libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x40202000) - libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4020b000) - /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) -</programlisting></para> - -<para> -The line "libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 -(0x40123000)" shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of -Samba. If this is the case, and <command>printing = cups</command> is set, then any -otherwise manually set print command in &smb.conf; is ignored. -</para> -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>CUPS - RAW Print Through Mode</title> - -<note> -<para> -When used in raw print through mode is will be necessary to use the printer -vendor's drivers in each Windows client PC. -</para> -</note> - -<para> -When CUPS printers are configured for RAW print-through mode operation it is the -responsibility of the Samba client to fully render the print job (file) in a format -that is suitable for direct delivery to the printer. In this case CUPS will NOT -do any print file format conversion work. -</para> - -<para> -The CUPS files that need to be correctly set for RAW mode printers to work are: - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename></para></listitem> - <listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename></para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -Both contain entries that must be uncommented to allow <emphasis>RAW</emphasis> mode -operation. -</para> - -<para> -Firstly, to enable CUPS based printing from Samba the following options must be -enabled in your &smb.conf; file [globals] section: - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>printing = CUPS</para></listitem> - - <listitem><para>printcap = CUPS</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -When these parameters are specified the print directives in &smb.conf; (as well as in -samba itself) will be ignored because samba will directly interface with CUPS through -it's application program interface (API) - so long as Samba has been compiled with -CUPS library (libcups) support. If samba has NOT been compiled with CUPS support then -printing will use the System V AT&T command set with the <emphasis>-oraw</emphasis> -option automatically passing through. -</para> - -<para> -Cupsomatic (an enhanced printing utility that is part of some CUPS implementations) -on the Samba/CUPS server does *not* add any features if a file is really -printed "raw". However, if you have loaded the driver for the Windows client from -the CUPS server, using the "cupsaddsmb" utility, and if this driver is one using -a "Foomatic" PPD, the PJL header in question is already added on the Windows client, -at the time when the driver initially generated the PostScript data and CUPS in true -"-oraw" manner doesn't remove this PJL header and passes the file "as is" to its -printer communication backend. -</para> - -<note><para>NOTE: editing in the "mime.convs" and the "mime.types" file does not *enforce* -"raw" printing, it only *allows* it.</para></note> - -<para> -Print files that arrive from MS Windows printing are "auto-typed" by CUPS. This aids -the process of determining proper treatment while in the print queue system. - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para> - Files generated by PCL drivers and directed at PCK printers get auto-typed as - <filename>application/octet-stream</filename>. Unknown file format types also - get auto-typed with this tag. - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Files generated by a Postscript driver and directed at a Postscript printer - are auto-typed depending on the auto-detected most suitable MIME type as: - - <itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>* application/postscript</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>* application/vnd.cups-postscript</para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> - </para> - </listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> - - -<para> -"application/postscript" first goes thru the "pstops" filter (where the page counting -and accounting takes place). The outcome will be of MIME type -"application/vnd.cups-postscript". The pstopsfilter reads and uses information from -the PPD and inserts user-provided options into the PostScript file. As a consequence, -the filtered file could possibly have an unwanted PJL header. -</para> - -<para> -"application/postscript" will be all files with a ".ps", ".ai", ".eps" suffix or which -have as their first character string one of "%!" or ">04<%". -</para> - -<para> -"application/vnd.cups-postscript" will files which contain the string -"LANGUAGE=POSTSCRIPT" (or similar variations with different capitalization) in the -first 512 bytes, and also contain the "PJL super escape code" in the first 128 bytes -(">1B<%-12345X"). Very likely, most PostScript files generated on Windows using a CUPS -or other PPD, will have to be auto-typed as "vnd.cups-postscript". A file produced -with a "Generic PostScript driver" will just be tagged "application/postscript". -</para> - -<para> -Once the file is in "application/vnd.cups-postscript" format, either "pstoraster" -or "cupsomatic" will take over (depending on the printer configuration, as -determined by the PPD in use). -</para> - -<note><para> -A printer queue with *no* PPD associated to it is a "raw" printer and all files -will go directly there as received by the spooler. The exeptions are file types -"application/octet-stream" which need "passthrough feature" enabled. -"Raw" queues don't do any filtering at all, they hand the file directly to the -CUPS backend. This backend is responsible for the sending of the data to the device -(as in the "device URI" notation as lpd://, socket://, smb://, ipp://, http://, -parallel:/, serial:/, usb:/ etc.) -</para></note> - -<note><para> -"cupsomatic"/Foomatic are *not* native CUPS drivers and they don't ship with CUPS. -They are a Third Party add-on, developed at Linuxprinting.org. As such, they are -a brilliant hack to make all models (driven by Ghostscript drivers/filters in -traditional spoolers) also work via CUPS, with the same (good or bad!) quality -as in these other spoolers. "cupsomatic" is only a vehicle to execute a ghostscript -commandline at that stage in the CUPS filtering chain, where "normally" the native -CUPS "pstoraster" filter would kick in. cupsomatic by-passes pstoraster, "kidnaps" -the printfile from CUPS away and re-directs it to go through Ghostscipt. CUPS accepts this, -because the associated CUPS-O-Matic-/Foomatic-PPD specifies: -</para> - -<programlisting> - *cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 cupsomatic" -</programlisting> - -<para> -This line persuades CUPS to hand the file to cupsomatic, once it has successfully -converted it to the MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". This conversion will not -happen for Jobs arriving from Windows which are auto-typed "application/octet-stream", -with the according changes in "/etc/cups/mime.types" in place. -</para></note> - -<para> -CUPS is widely configurable and flexible, even regarding its filtering mechanism. -Another workaround in some situations would be to have -in "/etc/cups/mime.types" entries as follows: -</para> - -<programlisting> - application/postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - - application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - -</programlisting> - -<para> -This would prevent all Postscript files from being filtered (rather, they will go -thru the virtual "nullfilter" denoted with "-"). This could only be useful for -PS printers. If you want to print PS code on non-PS printers an entry as follows -could be useful: -</para> - -<programlisting> - */* application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - -</programlisting> - -<para> -and would effectively send *all* files to the backend without further processing. -</para> - -<para> -Lastly, you could have the following entry: -</para> - -<programlisting> - application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 my_PJL_stripping_filter -</programlisting> - -<para> -You will need to write a "my_PJL_stripping_filter" (could be a shellscript) that -parses the PostScript and removes the unwanted PJL. This would need to conform to -CUPS filter design (mainly, receive and pass the parameters printername, job-id, -username, jobtitle, copies, print options and possibly the filename). It would -be installed as world executable into "/usr/lib/cups/filters/" and will be called -by CUPS if it encounters a MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". -</para> - -<para> -CUPS can handle "-o job-hold-until=indefinite". This keeps the job in the queue -"on hold". It will only be printed upon manual release by the printer operator. -This is a requirement in many "central reproduction departments", where a few -operators manage the jobs of hundreds of users on some big machine, where no -user is allowed to have direct access. (The operators often need to load the -proper paper type before running the 10.000 page job requested by marketing -for the mailing, etc.). -</para> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>CUPS as a network PostScript RIP</title> - -<para> -This is the configuration where CUPS drivers are working on server, and where the -Adobe PostScript driver with CUPS-PPDs is downloaded to clients. -</para> - -<para> -CUPS is perfectly able to use PPD files (PostScript -Printer Descriptions). PPDs can control all print device options. They -are usually provided by the manufacturer -- if you own a PostSript printer, -that is. PPD files are always a component of PostScript printer drivers on MS -Windows or Apple Mac OS systems. They are ASCII files containing -user-selectable print options, mapped to appropriate PostScript, PCL or PJL -commands for the target printer. Printer driver GUI dialogs translate these -options "on-the-fly" into buttons and drop-down lists for the user to -select. -</para> - -<para> -CUPS can load, without any conversions, the PPD file from -any Windows (NT is recommended) PostScript driver and handle the options. -There is a web browser interface to the print options (select -http://localhost:631/printers/ and click on one "Configure Printer" button -to see it), a commandline interface (see <command>man lpoptions</command> or -try if you have <command>lphelp</command> on your system) plus some different GUI frontends on Linux -UNIX, which can present PPD options to the users. PPD options are normally -meant to become evaluated by the PostScript RIP on the real PostScript -printer. -</para> - -<para> -CUPS doesn't stop at "real" PostScript printers in its -usage of PPDs. The CUPS developers have extended the PPD concept, to also -describe available device and driver options for non-PostScript printers -through CUPS-PPDs. -</para> - -<para> -This is logical, as CUPS includes a fully featured -PostScript interpreter (RIP). This RIP is based on Ghostscript. It can -process all received PostScript (and additionally many other file formats) -from clients. All CUPS-PPDs geared to non-PostScript printers contain an -additional line, starting with the keyword <parameter>*cupsFilter</parameter>. -This line -tells the CUPS print system which printer-specific filter to use for the -interpretation of the accompanying PostScript. Thus CUPS lets all its -printers appear as PostScript devices to its clients, because it can act as a -PostScript RIP for those printers, processing the received PostScript code -into a proper raster print format. -</para> - -<para> -CUPS-PPDs can also be used on Windows-Clients, on top of a -PostScript driver (recommended is the Adobe one). -</para> - -<para> -This feature enables CUPS to do a few tricks no other -spooler can do: -</para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>act as a networked PostScript RIP (Raster Image Processor), handling - printfiles from all client platforms in a uniform way;</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>act as a central accounting and billing server, as all files are passed - through the <command>pstops</command> Filter and are therefor logged in - the CUPS <filename>page_log</filename>. - <emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>this - can not happen with "raw" print jobs, which always remain unfiltered - per definition;</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>enable clients to consolidate on a single PostScript driver, even for - many different target printers.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS clients</title> - -<para> -This setup may be of special interest to people -experiencing major problems in WTS environments. WTS need often a multitude -of non-PostScript drivers installed to run their clients' variety of -different printer models. This often imposes the price of much increased -instability. In many cases, in an attempt to overcome this problem, site -administrators have resorted to restrict the allowed drivers installed on -their WTS to one generic PCL- and one PostScript driver. This however -restricts the clients in the amount of printer options available for them -- -often they can't get out more then simplex prints from one standard paper -tray, while their devices could do much better, if driven by a different -driver! -</para> - -<para> -Using an Adobe PostScript driver, enabled with a CUPS-PPD, -seems to be a very elegant way to overcome all these shortcomings. The -PostScript driver is not known to cause major stability problems on WTS (even -if used with many different PPDs). The clients will be able to (again) chose -paper trays, duplex printing and other settings. However, there is a certain -price for this too: a CUPS server acting as a PostScript RIP for its clients -requires more CPU and RAM than just to act as a "raw spooling" device. Plus, -this setup is not yet widely tested, although the first feedbacks look very -promising... -</para> -</sect1> - - -<sect1> -<title>Setting up CUPS for driver download</title> - -<para> -The <command>cupsadsmb</command> utility (shipped with all current -CUPS versions) makes the sharing of any (or all) installed CUPS printers very -easy. Prior to using it, you need the following settings in &smb.conf;: -</para> - - <para><programlisting>[global] - load printers = yes - printing = cups - printcap name = cups - - [printers] - comment = All Printers - path = /var/spool/samba - browseable = no - public = yes - guest ok = yes - writable = no - printable = yes - printer admin = root - - [print$] - comment = Printer Drivers - path = /etc/samba/drivers - browseable = yes - guest ok = no - read only = yes - write list = root - </programlisting></para> - -<para> -For licensing reasons the necessary files of the Adobe -Postscript driver can not be distributed with either Samba or CUPS. You need -to download them yourself from the Adobe website. Once extracted, create a -<filename>drivers</filename> directory in the CUPS data directory (usually -<filename>/usr/share/cups/</filename>). Copy the Adobe files using -UPPERCASE filenames, to this directory as follows: -</para> - - <para><programlisting> - ADFONTS.MFM - ADOBEPS4.DRV - ADOBEPS4.HLP - ADOBEPS5.DLL - ADOBEPSU.DLL - ADOBEPSU.HLP - DEFPRTR2.PPD - ICONLIB.DLL - </programlisting></para> - -<para> -Users of the ESP Print Pro software are able to install -their "Samba Drivers" package for this purpose with no problem. -</para> -</sect1> - - - -<sect1> -<title>Sources of CUPS drivers / PPDs</title> - -<para> -On the internet you can find now many thousand CUPS-PPD -files (with their companion filters), in many national languages, -supporting more than 1.000 non-PostScript models. -</para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para><ulink url="http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro - (http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/)</ulink> - (commercial, non-Free) is packaged with more than 3.000 PPDs, ready for - successful usage "out of the box" on Linux, IBM-AIX, HP-UX, Sun-Solaris, - SGI-IRIX, Compaq Tru64, Digital Unix and some more commercial Unices (it - is written by the CUPS developers themselves and its sales help finance - the further development of CUPS, as they feed their creators)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>the <ulink - url="http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/">Gimp-Print-Project - (http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> - (GPL, Free Software) provides around 120 PPDs (supporting nearly 300 - printers, many driven to photo quality output), to be used alongside the - Gimp-Print CUPS filters;</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.turboprint.com/">TurboPrint - (http://www.turboprint.com/)</ulink> - (Shareware, non-Freee) supports roughly the same amount of printers in - excellent quality;</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink - url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">OMNI - (http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/)</ulink> - (LPGL, Free) is a package made by IBM, now containing support for more - than 400 printers, stemming from the inheritance of IBM OS/2 KnowHow - ported over to Linux (CUPS support is in a Beta-stage at present);</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/">HPIJS - (http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> - (BSD-style licnes, Free) supports around 120 of HP's own printers and is - also providing excellent print quality now;</para></listitem> - <listitem><para><ulink - url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Foomatic/cupsomatic (http://www.linuxprinting.org/)</ulink> - (LPGL, Free) from Linuxprinting.org are providing PPDs for practically every - Ghostscript filter known to the world, now usable with CUPS.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para> -<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>the cupsomatic trick from Linuxprinting.org is -working different from the other drivers. While the other drivers take the -generic CUPS raster (produced by CUPS' own pstoraster PostScript RIP) as -their input, cupsomatic "kidnaps" the PostScript inside CUPS, before -RIP-ping, deviates it to an external Ghostscript installation (which now -becomes the RIP) and gives it back to a CUPS backend once Ghostscript is -finished. -- CUPS versions from 1.1.15 and later will provide their pstoraster -PostScript RIP function again inside a system-wide Ghostscript -installation rather than in "their own" pstoraster filter. (This -CUPS-enabling Ghostscript version may be installed either as a -patch to GNU or AFPL Ghostscript, or as a complete ESP Ghostscript package). -However, this will not change the cupsomatic approach of guiding the printjob -along a different path through the filtering system than the standard CUPS -way... -</para> - -<para> -Once you installed a printer inside CUPS with one of the -recommended methods (the lpadmin command, the web browser interface or one of -the available GUI wizards), you can use <command>cupsaddsmb</command> to share the -printer via Samba. <command>cupsaddsmb</command> prepares the driver files for -comfortable client download and installation upon their first contact with -this printer share. -</para> - - - -<sect2> -<title><command>cupsaddsmb</command></title> - - -<para> -The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command copies the needed files -for convenient Windows client installations from the previously prepared CUPS -data directory to your [print$] share. Additionally, the PPD -associated with this printer is copied from <filename>/etc/cups/ppd/</filename> to -[print$]. -</para> - -<para><programlisting> -<prompt>root# </prompt> <command>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</command> -Password for root required to access localhost via -SAMBA: <userinput>[type in password 'secret']</userinput> -</programlisting></para> - -<para> -To share all printers and drivers, use the <parameter>-a</parameter> -parameter instead of a printer name. -</para> - - -<para> -Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the -<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output: -</para> - -<para> -Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the -<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output: -</para> - -<para><programlisting> -Note: The following line shave been wrapped so that information is not lost. - -<prompt>root# </prompt> cupsaddsmb -v -U root infotec_IS2027 - Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA: - Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir W32X86;put - /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/ - ADOBEPS5.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLLr - W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP' - added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 - added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 - added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 - Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] - NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86 - putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as - \W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD (17394.6 kb/s) (average 17395.2 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL as - \W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL (10877.4 kb/s) (average 11343.0 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL as - \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL (5095.2 kb/s) (average 9260.4 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP as - \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP (8828.7 kb/s) (average 9247.1 kb/s) - - Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir WIN40;put - /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL;put - /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL WIN40/PSMON.DLL;' - added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 - added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 - added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 - Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] - NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \WIN40 - putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as - \WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD (26091.5 kb/s) (average 26092.8 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM as - \WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM (11241.6 kb/s) (average 11812.9 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV as - \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV (16640.6 kb/s) (average 14679.3 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP as - \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP (11285.6 kb/s) (average 14281.5 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD as - \WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD (823.5 kb/s) (average 12944.0 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL as - \WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL (19226.2 kb/s) (average 13169.7 kb/s) - putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL as - \WIN40/PSMON.DLL (18666.1 kb/s) (average 13266.7 kb/s) - - Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' - -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86" - "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL: - ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"' - cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" - "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL: - ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL" - Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. - - Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' - -c 'adddriver "Windows 4.0" - "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL: - ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW: ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"' - cmd = adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV: - infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW: - ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL" - Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. - - Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' - -c 'setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027' - cmd = setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027 - Succesfully set infotec_IS2027 to driver infotec_IS2027. - - <prompt>root# </prompt> -</programlisting></para> - -<para> -If you look closely, you'll discover your root password was transfered unencrypted over -the wire, so beware! Also, if you look further her, you'll discover error messages like -<constant>NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION</constant> in between. They occur, because -the directories <filename>WIN40</filename> and <filename>W32X86</filename> already -existed in the [print$] driver download share (from a previous driver -installation). They are harmless here. -</para> - -<para> -Now your printer is prepared for the clients to use. From -a client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server, open the "Printers" -share, right-click on this printer and select "Install..." or -"Connect..." (depending on the Windows version you use). Now their -should be a new printer in your client's local "Printers" folder, -named (in my case) "infotec_IS2027 on kdebitshop" -</para> - -<para> -<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis> -<command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work i -with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher -and Samba from 2.2.4. If it doesn't work, or if the automatic printer -driver download to the clients doesn't succeed, you can still manually -install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on -clients and then point the client's printer queue to the Samba printer -share for connection, should you desire to use the CUPS networked -PostScript RIP functions. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - - -<sect1> -<title>The CUPS Filter Chains</title> - -<para> -The following diagrams reveal how CUPS handles print jobs. -</para> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# CUPS in and of itself has this (general) filter chain (CAPITAL -# letters are FILE-FORMATS or MIME types, other are filters (this is -# true for pre-1.1.15 of pre-4.3 versions of CUPS and ESP PrintPro): -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstoraster # as shipped with CUPS, independent from any Ghostscipt -# | # installation on the system -# | (= "postscipt interpreter") -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER -# | -# | -# V -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here) -# | (= "raster driver") -# | -# V -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC -# | -# | -# V -# backend -# -# -# ESP PrintPro has some enhanced "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>" filters as compared to -# CUPS, and also a somewhat improved "pstoraster" filter. -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -######################################################################### -</programlisting> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# This is how "cupsomatic" comes into play: -# ========================================= -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+ -# | | -# | V -# V cupsomatic -# pstoraster (constructs complicated -# | (= "postscipt interpreter") Ghostscript commandline -# | to let the file be -# V processed by a -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" -# | call...) -# | | -# V | -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> V -# | (= "raster driver") +-------------------------+ -# | | Ghostscript at work.... | -# V | | -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC *-------------------------+ -# | | -# | | -# V | -# backend >------------------------------------+ -# | -# | -# V -# THE PRINTER -# -# -# Note, that cupsomatic "kidnaps" the printfile after the -# "APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRPT" stage and deviates it through -# the CUPS-external, systemwide Ghostscript installation, bypassing the -# "pstoraster" filter (therefor also bypassing the CUPS-raster-drivers -# "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>", and hands the rasterized file directly to the CUPS -# backend... -# -# cupsomatic is not made by the CUPS developers. It is an independent -# contribution to printing development, made by people from -# Linuxprinting.org. (see also http://www.cups.org/cups-help.html) -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -######################################################################### -</programlisting> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# And this is how it works for ESP PrintPro from 4.3: -# =================================================== -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# gsrip -# | (= "postscipt interpreter") -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER -# | -# | -# V -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here) -# | (= "raster driver") -# | -# V -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC -# | -# | -# V -# backend -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -######################################################################### -</programlisting> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# This is how "cupsomatic" would come into play with ESP PrintPro: -# ================================================================ -# -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+ -# | | -# | V -# V cupsomatic -# gsrip (constructs complicated -# | (= "postscipt interpreter") Ghostscript commandline -# | to let the file be -# V processed by a -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" -# | call...) -# | | -# V | -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> V -# | (= "raster driver") +-------------------------+ -# | | Ghostscript at work.... | -# V | | -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC *-------------------------+ -# | | -# | | -# V | -# backend >------------------------------------+ -# | -# | -# V -# THE PRINTER -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -######################################################################### -</programlisting> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15: -# ============================================== -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+ -# | -# +------------------v------------------------------+ -# | Ghostscript | -# | at work... | -# | (with | -# | "-sDEVICE=cups") | -# | | -# | (= "postscipt interpreter") | -# | | -# +------------------v------------------------------+ -# | -# | -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER >-------+ -# | -# | -# V -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> -# | (= "raster driver") -# | -# V -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC -# | -# | -# V -# backend -# -# -# NOTE: since version 1.1.15 CUPS "outsourced" the pstoraster process to -# Ghostscript. GNU Ghostscript needs to be patched to handle the -# CUPS requirement; ESP Ghostscript has this builtin. In any case, -# "gs -h" needs to show up a "cups" device. pstoraster is now a -# calling an appropriate "gs -sDEVICE=cups..." commandline to do -# the job. It will output "application/vnd.cup-raster", which will -# be finally processed by a CUPS raster driver "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>" -# Note the difference to "cupsomatic", which will *not* output -# CUPS-raster, but a final version of the printfile, ready to be -# sent to the printer. cupsomatic also doesn't use the "cups" -# devicemode in Ghostscript, but one of the classical devicemodes.... -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -######################################################################### -</programlisting> - -<programlisting> -######################################################################### -# -# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15, with cupsomatic included: -# ======================================================================== -# -# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT -# | -# | -# V -# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT -# | -# | -# V -# pstops -# | -# | -# V -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+ -# | -# +------------------v------------------------------+ -# | Ghostscript . Ghostscript at work.... | -# | at work... . (with "-sDEVICE= | -# | (with . <replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" | -# | "-sDEVICE=cups") . | -# | . | -# | (CUPS standard) . (cupsomatic) | -# | . | -# | (= "postscript interpreter") | -# | . | -# +------------------v--------------v---------------+ -# | | -# | | -# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER >-------+ | -# | | -# | | -# V | -# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> | -# | (= "raster driver") | -# | | -# V | -# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC >------------------------+ -# | -# | -# V -# backend -# -# -# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to -# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. -# -########################################################################## -</programlisting> - -</sect1> - - -<sect1> -<title>CUPS Print Drivers and Devices</title> - -<para> -CUPS ships with good support for HP LaserJet type printers. You can install -the driver as follows: - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para> - lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E -m laserjet.ppd - </para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -(The "-m" switch will retrieve the "laserjet.ppd" from the standard repository -for not-yet-installed-PPDs, which CUPS typically stores in -<filename>/usr/share/cups/model</filename>. Alternatively, you may use -"-P /absolute/filesystem/path/to/where/there/is/PPD/your.ppd"). -</para> - -<sect2> -<title>Further printing steps</title> - -<para> -Always also consult the database on linuxprinting.org for all recommendations -about which driver is best used for each printer: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi">http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi</ulink></para> - -<para> -There select your model and click on "Show". You'll arrive at a page listing -all drivers working with your model. There will always be *one* -<emphasis>recommended</emphasis> one. Try this one first. In your case -("HP LaserJet 4 Plus"), you'll arrive here: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104</ulink></para> - -<para> -The recommended driver is "ljet4". It has a link to the page for the ljet4 -driver too: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4</ulink></para> - -<para> -On the driver's page, you'll find important and detailed info about how to use -that driver within the various available spoolers. You can generate a PPD for -CUPS. The PPD contains all the info about how to use your model and the driver; -this is, once installed, working transparently for the user -- you'll only -need to choose resolution, paper size etc. from the web-based menu or from -the print dialog GUI or from the commandline... -</para> - -<para> -On the driver's page, choose to use the "PPD-O-Matic" online PPD generator -program. Select your model and click "Generate PPD file". When you safe the -appearing ASCII text file, don't use "cut'n'past" (as it could possiblly corrupt -line endings and tabs), but use "Save as..." in your browser's menu. Save it -at "/some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd" -</para> - -<para> -Then install the printer: -</para> -<para><programlisting> - "lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E \ - -P /some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd" -</programlisting></para> - -<para> -Note, that for all the "Foomatic-PPDs" from Linuxprinting.org, you also need -a special "CUPS filter" named "cupsomatic". Get the latest version of -"cupsomatic" from: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic</ulink></para> - -<para> -This needs to be copied to <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic</filename> -and be made world executable. This filter is needed to read and act upon the -specially encoded Foomatic comments, embedded in the printfile, which in turn -are used to construct (transparently for you, the user) the complicated -ghostscript command line needed for your printer/driver combo. -</para> - -<para> -You can have a look at all the options for the Ghostscript commandline supported -by your printer and the ljet4 driver by going to the section "Execution details", -selecting your model (Laserjet 4 Plus) and clicking on "Show execution details". -This will bring up this web page: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&printer=75104&.submit=Show+execution+details">http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&printer=75104&.submit=Show+execution+details</ulink></para> - -<para> -The ingenious thing is that the database is kept current. If there -is a bug fix and an improvement somewhere in the database, you will -always get the most current and stable and feature-rich driver by following -the steps described above. -</para> - -<note><para> -Till Kamppeter from MandrakeSoft is doing an excellent job here that too few -people are aware of. (So if you use it often, please send him a note showing -your appreciation).</para></note> - -<para> -The latest and greatest improvement now is support for "custom page sizes" -for all those printers which support it. -</para> - -<para> -"cupsomatic" is documented here: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html</ulink></para> - -<para> -More printing tutorial info may be found here: -</para> - -<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/">http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/</ulink></para> - -<para> -Note, that *all* the Foomatic drivers listed on Linuxprinting.org (now -approaching the "all-time high" number of 1.000 for the supported models) -are using a special filtering chain involving Ghostscript, as described -in this document. -</para> - -<para> -Summary - You need: -</para> - -<para> -<simplelist> - - <member>A "foomatic+<replaceable>something</replaceable>" PPD is not enough to print with CUPS (but it is *one* important component)</member> - <member>The "cupsomatic" filter script (Perl) in <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filters/</filename></member> - <member>Perl to make cupsomatic run</member> - <member>Ghostscript (because it is called and controlled by the PPD/cupsomatic combo in a way to fit your printermodel/driver combo.</member> - <member>Ghostscript *must*, depending on the driver/model, contain support for a certain "device" (as shown by "gs -h")</member> -</simplelist> -</para> - -<para> -In the case of the "hpijs" driver, you need a Ghostscript version, which -has "ijs" amongst its supported devices in "gs -h". In the case of -"hpijs+foomatic", a valid ghostscript commandline would be reading like this: -</para> - -<para><programlisting> - gs -q -dBATCH -dPARANOIDSAFER -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ijs \ - -sIjsServer=hpijs<replaceable>PageSize</replaceable> -dDuplex=<replaceable>Duplex</replaceable> <replaceable>Model</replaceable> \ - -r<replaceable>Resolution</replaceable>,PS:MediaPosition=<replaceable>InputSlot</replaceable> -dIjsUseOutputFD \ - -sOutputFile=- - -</programlisting></para> - -<note><para> -Note, that with CUPS and the "hpijs+foomatic" PPD (plus Perl and cupsomatic) -you don't need to remember this. You can choose the available print options -thru a GUI print command (like "glp" from ESP's commercially supported -PrintPro software, or KDE's "kprinter", or GNOME's "gtklp" or the independent -"xpp") or the CUPS web interface via human-readable drop-down selection -menus. -</para></note> - -<para> -If you use "ESP Ghostscript" (also under the GPL, provided by Easy Software -Products, the makers of CUPS, downloadable from -<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>, -co-maintained by the developers of linuxprinting.org), you are guaranteed to -have in use the most uptodate, bug-fixed, enhanced and stable version of a Free -Ghostscript. It contains support for ~300 devices, whereas plain vanilla -GNU Ghostscript 7.05 only has ~200. -</para> - -<para> -If you print only one CUPS test page, from the web interface and when you try to -print a windows test page, it acts like the job was never sent: - -<simplelist> - <member>Can you print "standard" jobs from the CUPS machine?</member> - <member>Are the jobs from Windows visible in the Web interface on CUPS (http://localhost:631/)?</member> - <member><emphasis>Most important:</emphasis> What kind of printer driver are you using on the Windows clients?</member> -</simplelist> - -You can try to get a more detailed debugging info by setting "LogLevel debug" in -<filename>/etc/cups/cupsd.conf</filename>, re-start cupsd and investigate <filename>/var/log/cups/error_log</filename> -for the whereabouts of your Windows-originating printjobs: -</para> - -<simplelist> - <member>what does the "auto-typing" line say? which is the "MIME type" CUPS thinks is arriving from the Windows clients?</member> - <member>are there "filter" available for this MIME type?</member> - <member>are there "filter rules" defined in "/etc/cups/mime.convs" for this MIME type?</member> -</simplelist> - -</sect2> - -</sect1> - - -<sect1> -<title>Limiting the number of pages users can print</title> - -<para> -The feature you want is dependent on the real print subsystem you're using. -Samba's part is always to receive the job files from the clients (filtered -*or* unfiltered) and hand it over to this printing subsystem. -</para> - -<para> -Of course one could "hack" things with one's own scripts. -</para> - -<para> -But there is CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). CUPS supports "quotas". -Quotas can be based on sizes of jobs or on the number of pages or both, -and are spanning any time period you want. -</para> - -<para> -This is an example command how root would set a print quota in CUPS, -assuming an existing printer named "quotaprinter": -</para> - -<programlisting> - lpadmin -p quotaprinter -o job-quota-period=604800 -o job-k-limit=1024 \ - -o job-page-limit=100 -</programlisting> - -<para> -This would limit every single user to print 100 pages or 1024 KB of -data (whichever comes first) within the last 604.800 seconds ( = 1 week). -</para> - -<para> -For CUPS to count correctly, the printfile needs to pass the CUPS "pstops" filter, -otherwise it uses a "dummy" count of "1". Some printfiles don't pass it -(eg: image files) but then those are mostly 1 page jobs anyway. This also means, -proprietary drivers for the target printer running on the client computers and -CUPS/Samba then spooling these files as "raw" (i.e. leaving them untouched, not -filtering them), will be counted as "1-pagers" too! -</para> - -<para> -You need to send PostScript from the clients (i.e. run a PostScript driver there) -for having the chance to get accounting done. If the printer is a non-PostScript model, -you need to let CUPS do the job to convert the file to a print-ready format for the -target printer. This will be working for currently ~1.000 different printer models, see -</para> - -<programlisting> - http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi -</programlisting> - -<para> -Before CUPS-1.1.16 your only option was to use the Adobe PostScript -Driver on the Windows clients. The output of this driver was not always -passed thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba side, and therefor was -not counted correctly (the reason is that it often --- depending on the -"PPD" being used --- did write a "PJL"-header in front of the real -PostScript which made CUPS to skip the pstops and go directy to -the "pstoraster" stage). -</para> - -<para> -From CUPS-1.1.16 onward you can use the "CUPS PostScript Driver -for Windows NT/2K/XP clients" (it is tagged in the download area of -http://www.cups.org/ as the "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz" package). -It is *not* working for Win9x/ME clients. But it: -</para> - -<simplelist> - <member>it guarantees to not write an PJL-header</member> - <member>it guarantees to still read and support all PJL-options named in the driver PPD with its own means</member> - <member>it guarantees the file going thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba server</member> - <member>it guarantees to page-count correctly the printfile</member> -</simplelist> - -<para> -You can read more about the setup of this combination in the -manpage for "cupsaddsmb" (only present with CUPS installed, only -current with CUPS 1.1.16). -</para> - -<para> -These are the items CUPS logs in the "page_log" for every single *page* of a job: -</para> - -<para><simplelist> -<member>Printer name</member> -<member>User name</member> -<member>Job ID</member> -<member>Time of printing</member> -<member>the page number</member> -<member>the number of copies</member> -<member>a billing info string (optional)</member> -</simplelist> -</para> - -<para> -Here is an extract of my CUPS server's page_log file to illustrate -the format and included items: -</para> - -<para><computeroutput> - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 1 2 #marketing - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 2 2 #marketing - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 3 2 #marketing - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 4 2 #marketing - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 5 2 #marketing - infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 6 2 #marketing -</computeroutput></para> - -<para> -This was Job ID "40", printed on "infotec_IS2027" by user "kurt", a 6-page job -printed in 2 copies and billed to "#marketing"... -</para> - -<para> -What flaws or shortcomings are there? -</para> - -<simplelist> - <member>the ones named above</member> - - <member> - CUPS really counts the job pages being *processsed in software* - (going thru the "RIP") rather than the physical sheets successfully - leaving the printing device -- if there is a jam while printing - the 5th sheet out of 1000 and the job is aborted by the printer, - the "page count" will still show the figure of 1000 for that job - </member> - - <member> - all quotas are the same for all users (no flexibility to give the - boss a higher quota than the clerk) no support for groups - </member> - - <member> - no means to read out the current balance or "used-up" number of current quota - </member> - - <member> - a user having used up 99 sheets of 100 quota will still be able to send and print a 1.000 sheet job - </member> - - <member> - a user being denied a job because of a filled-up quota doesn't get a meaningful - error message from CUPS other than "client-error-not-possible". - </member> -</simplelist> - -<para> -But this is the best system out there currently. And there are -huge improvements under development: -</para> - -<simplelist> - <member>page counting will go into the "backends" (these talk - directly to the printer and will increase the count in sync with the - actual printing process -- a jam at the 5th sheet will lead to a stop in the counting)</member> - - <member>quotas will be handled more flexibly</member> - - <member>probably there will be support for users to inquire their "accounts" in advance</member> - - <member>probably there will be support for some other tools around this topic</member> -</simplelist> - -<para> -Other than the current stage of the CUPS development, I don't -know any other ready-to-use tool which you could consider. -</para> - -<para> -You can download the driver files from -<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>. -It is a separate package from the CUPS base software files, tagged as "CUPS 1.1.16 -Windows NT/2k/XP Printer Driver for SAMBA (tar.gz, 192k)". The filename to -download is "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz". Upon untar-/unzip-ping it will reveal -the files: -</para> - - <para> - <computeroutput> - cups-samba.install - cups-samba.license - cups-samba.readme - cups-samba.remove - cups-samba.ss - </computeroutput> - </para> - -<para> -These have been packaged with the ESP meta packager software "EPM". The -*.install and *.remove files are simple shell script, which untars the -*.ss (which is nothing else than a tar-archive) and puts its contents -into <filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. Its contents are 3 files: -</para> - - <para> - <computeroutput> - cupsdrvr.dll - cupsui.dll - cups.hlp - </computeroutput> - </para> - -<caution><para> -Due to a bug one CUPS release puts the <filename>cups.hlp</filename> -into <filename>/usr/share/drivers/</filename> instead of -<filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. To work around this, copy/move -the file after running the "./cups-samba.install" script manually to the right place: -</para> - - <para> - <userinput> cp /usr/share/drivers/cups.hlp /usr/share/cups/drivers/ - </userinput> - </para></caution> - -<note> -<para> -This new CUPS PostScript driver is currently binary-only, but free -no source code is provided (yet). The reason is this: it has -been developed with the help of the Microsoft Driver Developer Kit (DDK) -and compiled with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. It is not clear to the driver -developers if they are allowed to distribute the whole of the source code -as Free Software. However, they will likely release the "diff" in source -code under the GPL, so anybody with a license of Visual Studio and a DDK -will be able to compile for him/herself. -</para> - -<para> -Once you have run the install script (and possibly manually moved the -"cups.hlp" file to "/usr/share/cups/drivers/"), the driver is ready to be -put into Samba's [print$] share (which often maps to "/etc/samba/drivers/" -and contains a subdir tree with WIN40 and W32X86 branches), by running -"cupsaddsmb" (see also "man cupsaddsmb" for CUPS 1.1.16). [Don't forget to -put root into the smbpasswd file by running "smbpasswd" should you run -this whole procedure for the first time.] Once the driver files are in the -[print$] share, they are ready to be downloaded and installed by the -Win NT/2k/XP clients. -</para></note> - - - <note><para> - Win 9x/ME clients won't work with this driver. For these you'd - still need to use the ADOBE*.* drivers as previously. - </para></note> - - <note><para> - It is not harming if you've still the ADOBE*.* driver files from - previous installations in the "/usr/share/cups/drivers/" directory. - The new cupsaddsmb (from 1.1.16) will automatically use the - "newest" installed driver (which here then is the CUPS drivers). - </para></note> - - <note><para> - Should your Win clients have had the old ADOBE*.* files and the - Adobe PostScript drivers installed, the download and installation - of the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP will fail - at first. - </para> - <para> - It is not enough to "delete" the printer (as the driver files - will still be kept by the clients and re-used if you try to - re-install the printer). To really get rid of the Adobe driver - files on the clients, open the "Printers" folder (possibly via - "Start --> Settings --> Control Panel --> Printers"), right-click - onto the folder background and select "Server Properties". A - new dialog opens; select the "Drivers" tab; on the list select - the driver you want to delete and click on the "Delete" button. - (This will only work if there is no single printer left which - uses that particular driver -- you need to "delete" all printers - using this driver in the "Printers" folder first.) - </para> - </note> - - <note><para> - Once you have successfully downloaded the CUPS PostScript driver - to a client, you can easily switch all printers to this one - by proceeding as described elsewhere in the "Samba HOWTO - Collection" to change a driver for an existing printer. - </para></note> - -<para> -What are the benefits with the "CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP" -as compared to the Adobe drivers? -</para> - -<para> -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para> - no hassle with the Adobe EULA - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - no hassle with the question "where do I get the ADOBE*.* driver files from?" - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the Adobe drivers (depending on the printer PPD associated with them) - often put a PJL header in front of the core PostScript part of the print - file (thus the file starts with "<replaceable>1B</replaceable>%-12345X" - or "<replaceable>escape</replaceable>%-12345X" - instead of "%!PS"). This leads to the CUPS daemon autotyping the - arriving file as a print-ready file, not requiring a pass thru the - "pstops" filter (to speak more technical, it is not regarded as the - generic MIME type "application/postscript", but as the more special - MIME type "application/cups.vnd-postscript"), which therefore also - leads to the page accounting in "/var/log/cups/page_log" not receiving - the exact mumber of pages; instead the dummy page number of "1" is - logged in a standard setup) - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the Adobe driver has more options to "mis-configure" the PostScript - generated by it (like setting it inadvertedly to "Optimize for Speed", - instead of "Optimize for Portability", which could lead to CUPS being - unable to process it) - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the CUPS PostScript driver output sent by Windows clients to the CUPS - server will be guaranteed to be auto-typed as generic MIME type - "application/postscript", thusly passing thru the CUPS "pstops" filter - and logging the correct number of pages in the page_log for accounting - and quota purposes - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of additional print - options by the Win NT/2k/XP clients, such as naming the CUPS standard - banner pages (or the custom ones, should they be installed at the time - of driver download), using the CUPS "page-label" option, setting a - job-priority and setting the scheduled time of printing (with the option - to support additional useful IPP job attributes in the future). - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the CUPS PostScript driver supports the inclusion of the new - "*cupsJobTicket" comments at the beginnig of the PostScript file (which - could be used in the future for all sort of beneficial extensions on - the CUPS side, but which will not disturb any other application as those - will regard it as a comment and simply ignore it). - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - the CUPS PostScript driver will be the heart of the fully fledged CUPS - IPP client for Windows NT/2k/XP to be released soon (probably alongside - the first Beta release for CUPS 1.2). - </para></listitem> - -</itemizedlist> -</para> -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Advanced Postscript Printing from MS Windows</title> - -<para> -Let the Windows Clients use a PostScript driver to deliver poistscript to -the samba print server (just like any Linux or Unix Client would also use -PostScript to send to the server) -</para> - -<para> -Make the Unix printing subsystem to which Samba sends the job convert the -incoming PostScript files to the native print format of the target printers -(would be PCL if you have an HP printer) -</para> - -<para> -Now if you are afraid that this would just mean using a *Generic* PostScript -driver for the clients that has no Simplex/Duplex selection, and no paper tray -choice, but you need them to be able to set up print jobs, with all the bells -and whistles of your printers:- -</para> - -<simplelist> - <member>Not possible with traditional spooling systems</member> - - <member> - But perfectly supported by CUPS (which uses "PPD" files to - describe how to control the print options for PostScript and - non-PostScript devices alike... - </member> -</simplelist> - -<para> -CUPS PPDs are working perfectly on Windows clients who use Adobe PostScript -drivers (or the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2K/XP). Clients can use -them to setup the job to their liking and CUPS will use the received job options -to make the (PCL-, ESC/P- or PostScript-) printer behave as required. -</para> - -<para> -If you want to have the additional benefit of page count logging and accounting -then the CUPS PostScript driver is the best choice (better than the Adobe one). -</para> - -<para> -If you want to make the drivers downloadable for the clients then "cupsaddsmb" is -your friend. It will setup the [print$] share on the Samba host to be ready to serve -the clients for a "point and print" driver installation. -</para> - -<warning> -<para>What strings are attached?</para></warning> - -<para> -There are some. But, given the sheer CPU power you can buy nowadays, -these can be overcome easily. The strings: -</para> - -<para> -Well, if the CUPS/Samba side will have to print to many printers serving many users, -you probably will need to set up a second server (which can do automatic load balancing -with the first one, plus a degree of fail-over mechanism). Converting the incoming -PostScript jobs, "interpreting" them for non-PostScript printers, amounts to the work -of a "RIP" (Raster Image Processor) done in software. This requires more CPU and RAM -than for the mere "raw spooling" task your current setup is solving. It all depends -on the avarage and peak printing load the server should be able to handle. -</para> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Auto-Deletion of CUPS spool files</title> - -<para> -Samba print files pass thru two "spool" directories. One the incoming directory -managed by Samba, (set eg: in the <command>path = /var/spool/samba</command> directive in the [printers] -section of &smb.conf;). Second is the spool directory of your UNIX print subsystem. -For CUPS it is normally "/var/spool/cups/", as set by the cupsd.conf directive -"RequestRoot /var/spool/cups". -</para> - -<para> -I am not sure, which one of your directories keeps the files. From what you say, -it is most likely the Samba part. -</para> - -<para> -For the CUPS part, you may want to consult: -</para> - -<simplelist> -<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobFiles</member> -<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobHistory</member> -<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#MaxJobs</member> -</simplelist> - -<para> -There are the settings described for your CUPS daemon, which could lead to completed -job files not being deleted. -</para> - -<para> -"PreserveJobHistory Yes" -- keeps some details of jobs in -cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "c12345", "c12346" etc. files -in the CUPS spool directory, which do a similar job as the -old-fashioned BSD-LPD control files). This is set to "Yes" -as a default. -</para> - -<para> -"PreserveJobFiles Yes" -- keeps the job files themselves in -cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "d12345", "d12346" etc. files -in the CUPS spool directory...). This is set to "No" as the -CUPS default. -</para> - -<para> -"MaxJobs 500" -- this directive controls the maximum number -of jobs that are kept in memory. Once the number of jobs -reaches the limit, the oldest completed job is automatically -purged from the system to make room for the new one. If all -of the known jobs are still pending or active then the new -job will be rejected. Setting the maximum to 0 disables this -functionality. The default setting is 0. -</para> - -<para> -(There are also additional settings for "MaxJobsPerUser" and -"MaxJobsPerPrinter"...) -</para> - -<para> -For everything to work as announced, you need to have three things: -</para> - -<simplelist> - - <member> - a Samba-&smbd; which is compiled against "libcups" (Check on Linux by running <userinput>ldd `which smbd`</userinput>) - </member> - - <member> - a Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printing = cups</command> - </member> - - <member> - another Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printcap = cups</command> - </member> - -</simplelist> - -<note><para> -Note, that in this case all other manually set printing-related -commands (like "print command", "lpq command", "lprm command", -"lppause command" or "lpresume command") are ignored and they -should normally have no influence what-so-ever on your printing. -</para></note> - -<para> -If you want to do things manually, replace the "printing = cups" -by "printing = bsd". Then your manually set commands may work -(haven't tested this), and a "print command = lp -d %P %s; rm %s" -may do what you need. -</para> - -<para> -You forgot to mention the CUPS version you're using. If you did -set things up as described in the man pages, then the Samba -spool files should be deleted. Otherwise it may be a bug. On -the CUPS side, you can control the behaviour as described -above. -</para> - -<para> -If you have more problems, post the output of these commands: -</para> - -<para> -<userinput> - grep -v ^# /etc/cups/cupsd.conf | grep -v ^$ - grep -v ^# /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v "^;" -</userinput> -</para> - -<para> -(adapt paths as needed). These commands sanitize the files -and cut out the empty lines and lines with comments, providing -the "naked settings" in a compact way. -</para> -</sect1> -</chapter> |