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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.xml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7e302000e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/CUPS-printing.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1793 @@ +<chapter id="CUPS-printing"> + + +<chapterinfo> + &author.jht; + <author> + <firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname> + <affiliation> + <address><email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> + <pubdate> (25 March 2003) </pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>CUPS Printing Support</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para> +The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) has become very popular, but to many it is +a very mystical tool. There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding CUPS and how +it works. The result is seen in a large number of posting on the samba mailing lists +expressing frustration when MS Windows printers appear not to work with a CUPS +backr-end. +</para> + +<para> +This is a good time to point out how CUPS can be used and what it does. CUPS is more +than just a print spooling system - it is a complete printer management system that +complies with HTTP and IPP protocols. It can be managed remotely via a web browser +and it can print using http and ipp protocols. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS allows to creation of RAW printers (ie: NO file format translation) as well as +SMART printers (ie: CUPS does file format conversion as required for the printer). In +many ways this gives CUPS similar capabilities to the MS Windows print monitoring +system. Of course, if you are a CUPS advocate, you would agrue that CUPS is better! +In any case, let us now move on to explore how one may configure CUPS for interfacing +with MS Windows print clients via Samba. +</para> + +<para> +<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink> is a newcomer in the UNIX printing scene, +which has convinced many people upon first trial already. However, it has quite a few +new features, which make it different from other, more traditional printing systems. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Configuring &smb.conf; for CUPS</title> + +<para> +Printing with CUPS in the most basic &smb.conf; +setup in Samba-3 only needs two settings: <command>printing = cups</command> and +<command>printcap = cups</command>. While CUPS itself doesn't need a printcap +anymore, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows two directives +(example: <command>Printcap /etc/printcap</command> and <command>PrintcapFormat +BSD</command>), which control if such a file should be created for the +convenience of third party applications. Make sure it is set! For details see +<command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation. +</para> + +<para> +If SAMBA is compiled against libcups, then <command>printcap = cups</command> uses the +CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, etc. Otherwise it maps to the System V commands +with an additional <parameter>-oraw</parameter> option for printing. On a Linux system, +you can use the <command>ldd</command> command to find out details (ldd may not be +present on other OS platforms, or its function may be embodied by a different command): +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting>transmeta:/home/kurt # ldd `which smbd` + libssl.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.6 (0x4002d000) + libcrypto.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.6 (0x4005a000) + libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000) + libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401e8000) + libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x401ec000) + libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x40202000) + libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4020b000) + /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +The line "libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 +(0x40123000)" shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of +Samba. If this is the case, and <command>printing = cups</command> is set, then any +otherwise manually set print command in &smb.conf; is ignored. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>CUPS - RAW Print Through Mode</title> + +<note> +<para> +When used in raw print through mode is will be necessary to use the printer +vendor's drivers in each Windows client PC. +</para> +</note> + +<para> +When CUPS printers are configured for RAW print-through mode operation it is the +responsibility of the Samba client to fully render the print job (file) in a format +that is suitable for direct delivery to the printer. In this case CUPS will NOT +do any print file format conversion work. +</para> + +<para> +The CUPS files that need to be correctly set for RAW mode printers to work are: + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename></para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +Both contain entries that must be uncommented to allow <emphasis>RAW</emphasis> mode +operation. +</para> + +<para> +Firstly, to enable CUPS based printing from Samba the following options must be +enabled in your &smb.conf; file [globals] section: + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>printing = CUPS</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>printcap = CUPS</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +When these parameters are specified the print directives in &smb.conf; (as well as in +samba itself) will be ignored because samba will directly interface with CUPS through +it's application program interface (API) - so long as Samba has been compiled with +CUPS library (libcups) support. If samba has NOT been compiled with CUPS support then +printing will use the System V AT&T command set with the <emphasis>-oraw</emphasis> +option automatically passing through. +</para> + +<para> +Cupsomatic (an enhanced printing utility that is part of some CUPS implementations) +on the Samba/CUPS server does *not* add any features if a file is really +printed "raw". However, if you have loaded the driver for the Windows client from +the CUPS server, using the "cupsaddsmb" utility, and if this driver is one using +a "Foomatic" PPD, the PJL header in question is already added on the Windows client, +at the time when the driver initially generated the PostScript data and CUPS in true +"-oraw" manner doesn't remove this PJL header and passes the file "as is" to its +printer communication backend. +</para> + +<note><para>NOTE: editing in the "mime.convs" and the "mime.types" file does not *enforce* +"raw" printing, it only *allows* it.</para></note> + +<para> +Print files that arrive from MS Windows printing are "auto-typed" by CUPS. This aids +the process of determining proper treatment while in the print queue system. + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + Files generated by PCL drivers and directed at PCK printers get auto-typed as + <filename>application/octet-stream</filename>. Unknown file format types also + get auto-typed with this tag. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Files generated by a Postscript driver and directed at a Postscript printer + are auto-typed depending on the auto-detected most suitable MIME type as: + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>* application/postscript</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>* application/vnd.cups-postscript</para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + </listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</para> + + +<para> +"application/postscript" first goes thru the "pstops" filter (where the page counting +and accounting takes place). The outcome will be of MIME type +"application/vnd.cups-postscript". The pstopsfilter reads and uses information from +the PPD and inserts user-provided options into the PostScript file. As a consequence, +the filtered file could possibly have an unwanted PJL header. +</para> + +<para> +"application/postscript" will be all files with a ".ps", ".ai", ".eps" suffix or which +have as their first character string one of "%!" or ">04<%". +</para> + +<para> +"application/vnd.cups-postscript" will files which contain the string +"LANGUAGE=POSTSCRIPT" (or similar variations with different capitalization) in the +first 512 bytes, and also contain the "PJL super escape code" in the first 128 bytes +(">1B<%-12345X"). Very likely, most PostScript files generated on Windows using a CUPS +or other PPD, will have to be auto-typed as "vnd.cups-postscript". A file produced +with a "Generic PostScript driver" will just be tagged "application/postscript". +</para> + +<para> +Once the file is in "application/vnd.cups-postscript" format, either "pstoraster" +or "cupsomatic" will take over (depending on the printer configuration, as +determined by the PPD in use). +</para> + +<note><para> +A printer queue with *no* PPD associated to it is a "raw" printer and all files +will go directly there as received by the spooler. The exeptions are file types +"application/octet-stream" which need "passthrough feature" enabled. +"Raw" queues don't do any filtering at all, they hand the file directly to the +CUPS backend. This backend is responsible for the sending of the data to the device +(as in the "device URI" notation as lpd://, socket://, smb://, ipp://, http://, +parallel:/, serial:/, usb:/ etc.) +</para></note> + +<note><para> +"cupsomatic"/Foomatic are *not* native CUPS drivers and they don't ship with CUPS. +They are a Third Party add-on, developed at Linuxprinting.org. As such, they are +a brilliant hack to make all models (driven by Ghostscript drivers/filters in +traditional spoolers) also work via CUPS, with the same (good or bad!) quality +as in these other spoolers. "cupsomatic" is only a vehicle to execute a ghostscript +commandline at that stage in the CUPS filtering chain, where "normally" the native +CUPS "pstoraster" filter would kick in. cupsomatic by-passes pstoraster, "kidnaps" +the printfile from CUPS away and re-directs it to go through Ghostscipt. CUPS accepts this, +because the associated CUPS-O-Matic-/Foomatic-PPD specifies: +</para> + +<programlisting> + *cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 cupsomatic" +</programlisting> + +<para> +This line persuades CUPS to hand the file to cupsomatic, once it has successfully +converted it to the MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". This conversion will not +happen for Jobs arriving from Windows which are auto-typed "application/octet-stream", +with the according changes in "/etc/cups/mime.types" in place. +</para></note> + +<para> +CUPS is widely configurable and flexible, even regarding its filtering mechanism. +Another workaround in some situations would be to have +in "/etc/cups/mime.types" entries as follows: +</para> + +<programlisting> + application/postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - + application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - +</programlisting> + +<para> +This would prevent all Postscript files from being filtered (rather, they will go +thru the virtual "nullfilter" denoted with "-"). This could only be useful for +PS printers. If you want to print PS code on non-PS printers an entry as follows +could be useful: +</para> + +<programlisting> + */* application/vnd.cups-raw 0 - +</programlisting> + +<para> +and would effectively send *all* files to the backend without further processing. +</para> + +<para> +Lastly, you could have the following entry: +</para> + +<programlisting> + application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raw 0 my_PJL_stripping_filter +</programlisting> + +<para> +You will need to write a "my_PJL_stripping_filter" (could be a shellscript) that +parses the PostScript and removes the unwanted PJL. This would need to conform to +CUPS filter design (mainly, receive and pass the parameters printername, job-id, +username, jobtitle, copies, print options and possibly the filename). It would +be installed as world executable into "/usr/lib/cups/filters/" and will be called +by CUPS if it encounters a MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". +</para> + +<para> +CUPS can handle "-o job-hold-until=indefinite". This keeps the job in the queue +"on hold". It will only be printed upon manual release by the printer operator. +This is a requirement in many "central reproduction departments", where a few +operators manage the jobs of hundreds of users on some big machine, where no +user is allowed to have direct access. (The operators often need to load the +proper paper type before running the 10.000 page job requested by marketing +for the mailing, etc.). +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>CUPS as a network PostScript RIP</title> + +<para> +This is the configuration where CUPS drivers are working on server, and where the +Adobe PostScript driver with CUPS-PPDs is downloaded to clients. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS is perfectly able to use PPD files (PostScript +Printer Descriptions). PPDs can control all print device options. They +are usually provided by the manufacturer -- if you own a PostSript printer, +that is. PPD files are always a component of PostScript printer drivers on MS +Windows or Apple Mac OS systems. They are ASCII files containing +user-selectable print options, mapped to appropriate PostScript, PCL or PJL +commands for the target printer. Printer driver GUI dialogs translate these +options "on-the-fly" into buttons and drop-down lists for the user to +select. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS can load, without any conversions, the PPD file from +any Windows (NT is recommended) PostScript driver and handle the options. +There is a web browser interface to the print options (select +http://localhost:631/printers/ and click on one "Configure Printer" button +to see it), a commandline interface (see <command>man lpoptions</command> or +try if you have <command>lphelp</command> on your system) plus some different GUI frontends on Linux +UNIX, which can present PPD options to the users. PPD options are normally +meant to become evaluated by the PostScript RIP on the real PostScript +printer. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS doesn't stop at "real" PostScript printers in its +usage of PPDs. The CUPS developers have extended the PPD concept, to also +describe available device and driver options for non-PostScript printers +through CUPS-PPDs. +</para> + +<para> +This is logical, as CUPS includes a fully featured +PostScript interpreter (RIP). This RIP is based on Ghostscript. It can +process all received PostScript (and additionally many other file formats) +from clients. All CUPS-PPDs geared to non-PostScript printers contain an +additional line, starting with the keyword <parameter>*cupsFilter</parameter>. +This line +tells the CUPS print system which printer-specific filter to use for the +interpretation of the accompanying PostScript. Thus CUPS lets all its +printers appear as PostScript devices to its clients, because it can act as a +PostScript RIP for those printers, processing the received PostScript code +into a proper raster print format. +</para> + +<para> +CUPS-PPDs can also be used on Windows-Clients, on top of a +PostScript driver (recommended is the Adobe one). +</para> + +<para> +This feature enables CUPS to do a few tricks no other +spooler can do: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>act as a networked PostScript RIP (Raster Image Processor), handling + printfiles from all client platforms in a uniform way;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>act as a central accounting and billing server, as all files are passed + through the <command>pstops</command> Filter and are therefor logged in + the CUPS <filename>page_log</filename>. - <emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>this + can not happen with "raw" print jobs, which always remain unfiltered + per definition;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>enable clients to consolidate on a single PostScript driver, even for + many different target printers.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS clients</title> + +<para> +This setup may be of special interest to people +experiencing major problems in WTS environments. WTS need often a multitude +of non-PostScript drivers installed to run their clients' variety of +different printer models. This often imposes the price of much increased +instability. In many cases, in an attempt to overcome this problem, site +administrators have resorted to restrict the allowed drivers installed on +their WTS to one generic PCL- and one PostScript driver. This however +restricts the clients in the amount of printer options available for them -- +often they can't get out more then simplex prints from one standard paper +tray, while their devices could do much better, if driven by a different +driver! +</para> + +<para> +Using an Adobe PostScript driver, enabled with a CUPS-PPD, +seems to be a very elegant way to overcome all these shortcomings. The +PostScript driver is not known to cause major stability problems on WTS (even +if used with many different PPDs). The clients will be able to (again) chose +paper trays, duplex printing and other settings. However, there is a certain +price for this too: a CUPS server acting as a PostScript RIP for its clients +requires more CPU and RAM than just to act as a "raw spooling" device. Plus, +this setup is not yet widely tested, although the first feedbacks look very +promising... +</para> +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up CUPS for driver download</title> + +<para> +The <command>cupsadsmb</command> utility (shipped with all current +CUPS versions) makes the sharing of any (or all) installed CUPS printers very +easy. Prior to using it, you need the following settings in &smb.conf;: +</para> + + <para><programlisting>[global] + load printers = yes + printing = cups + printcap name = cups + + [printers] + comment = All Printers + path = /var/spool/samba + browseable = no + public = yes + guest ok = yes + writable = no + printable = yes + printer admin = root + + [print$] + comment = Printer Drivers + path = /etc/samba/drivers + browseable = yes + guest ok = no + read only = yes + write list = root + </programlisting></para> + +<para> +For licensing reasons the necessary files of the Adobe +Postscript driver can not be distributed with either Samba or CUPS. You need +to download them yourself from the Adobe website. Once extracted, create a +<filename>drivers</filename> directory in the CUPS data directory (usually +<filename>/usr/share/cups/</filename>). Copy the Adobe files using +UPPERCASE filenames, to this directory as follows: +</para> + + <para><programlisting> + ADFONTS.MFM + ADOBEPS4.DRV + ADOBEPS4.HLP + ADOBEPS5.DLL + ADOBEPSU.DLL + ADOBEPSU.HLP + DEFPRTR2.PPD + ICONLIB.DLL + </programlisting></para> + +<para> +Users of the ESP Print Pro software are able to install +their "Samba Drivers" package for this purpose with no problem. +</para> +</sect1> + + + +<sect1> +<title>Sources of CUPS drivers / PPDs</title> + +<para> +On the internet you can find now many thousand CUPS-PPD +files (with their companion filters), in many national languages, +supporting more than 1.000 non-PostScript models. +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro + (http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/)</ulink> + (commercial, non-Free) is packaged with more than 3.000 PPDs, ready for + successful usage "out of the box" on Linux, IBM-AIX, HP-UX, Sun-Solaris, + SGI-IRIX, Compaq Tru64, Digital Unix and some more commercial Unices (it + is written by the CUPS developers themselves and its sales help finance + the further development of CUPS, as they feed their creators)</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>the <ulink + url="http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/">Gimp-Print-Project + (http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> + (GPL, Free Software) provides around 120 PPDs (supporting nearly 300 + printers, many driven to photo quality output), to be used alongside the + Gimp-Print CUPS filters;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.turboprint.com/">TurboPrint + (http://www.turboprint.com/)</ulink> + (Shareware, non-Freee) supports roughly the same amount of printers in + excellent quality;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink + url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">OMNI + (http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/)</ulink> + (LPGL, Free) is a package made by IBM, now containing support for more + than 400 printers, stemming from the inheritance of IBM OS/2 KnowHow + ported over to Linux (CUPS support is in a Beta-stage at present);</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/">HPIJS + (http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/)</ulink> + (BSD-style licnes, Free) supports around 120 of HP's own printers and is + also providing excellent print quality now;</para></listitem> + <listitem><para><ulink + url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Foomatic/cupsomatic (http://www.linuxprinting.org/)</ulink> + (LPGL, Free) from Linuxprinting.org are providing PPDs for practically every + Ghostscript filter known to the world, now usable with CUPS.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>the cupsomatic trick from Linuxprinting.org is +working different from the other drivers. While the other drivers take the +generic CUPS raster (produced by CUPS' own pstoraster PostScript RIP) as +their input, cupsomatic "kidnaps" the PostScript inside CUPS, before +RIP-ping, deviates it to an external Ghostscript installation (which now +becomes the RIP) and gives it back to a CUPS backend once Ghostscript is +finished. -- CUPS versions from 1.1.15 and later will provide their pstoraster +PostScript RIP function again inside a system-wide Ghostscript +installation rather than in "their own" pstoraster filter. (This +CUPS-enabling Ghostscript version may be installed either as a +patch to GNU or AFPL Ghostscript, or as a complete ESP Ghostscript package). +However, this will not change the cupsomatic approach of guiding the printjob +along a different path through the filtering system than the standard CUPS +way... +</para> + +<para> +Once you installed a printer inside CUPS with one of the +recommended methods (the lpadmin command, the web browser interface or one of +the available GUI wizards), you can use <command>cupsaddsmb</command> to share the +printer via Samba. <command>cupsaddsmb</command> prepares the driver files for +comfortable client download and installation upon their first contact with +this printer share. +</para> + + + +<sect2> +<title><command>cupsaddsmb</command></title> + + +<para> +The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command copies the needed files +for convenient Windows client installations from the previously prepared CUPS +data directory to your [print$] share. Additionally, the PPD +associated with this printer is copied from <filename>/etc/cups/ppd/</filename> to +[print$]. +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +<prompt>root# </prompt> <command>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</command> +Password for root required to access localhost via +SAMBA: <userinput>[type in password 'secret']</userinput> +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +To share all printers and drivers, use the <parameter>-a</parameter> +parameter instead of a printer name. +</para> + + +<para> +Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the +<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output: +</para> + +<para> +Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the +<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +Note: The following line shave been wrapped so that information is not lost. + +<prompt>root# </prompt> cupsaddsmb -v -U root infotec_IS2027 + Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA: + Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir W32X86;put + /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/ + ADOBEPS5.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLLr + W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP' + added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 + added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] + NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86 + putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as + \W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD (17394.6 kb/s) (average 17395.2 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL as + \W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL (10877.4 kb/s) (average 11343.0 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL as + \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL (5095.2 kb/s) (average 9260.4 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP as + \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP (8828.7 kb/s) (average 9247.1 kb/s) + + Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir WIN40;put + /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL;put + /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL WIN40/PSMON.DLL;' + added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0 + added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 + Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs] + NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \WIN40 + putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as + \WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD (26091.5 kb/s) (average 26092.8 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM as + \WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM (11241.6 kb/s) (average 11812.9 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV as + \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV (16640.6 kb/s) (average 14679.3 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP as + \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP (11285.6 kb/s) (average 14281.5 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD as + \WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD (823.5 kb/s) (average 12944.0 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL as + \WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL (19226.2 kb/s) (average 13169.7 kb/s) + putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL as + \WIN40/PSMON.DLL (18666.1 kb/s) (average 13266.7 kb/s) + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' + -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86" + "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL: + ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"' + cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86" + "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL: + ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL" + Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' + -c 'adddriver "Windows 4.0" + "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL: + ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW: ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"' + cmd = adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV: + infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW: + ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL" + Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed. + + Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret' + -c 'setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027' + cmd = setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027 + Succesfully set infotec_IS2027 to driver infotec_IS2027. + + <prompt>root# </prompt> +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +If you look closely, you'll discover your root password was transfered unencrypted over +the wire, so beware! Also, if you look further her, you'll discover error messages like +<constant>NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION</constant> in between. They occur, because +the directories <filename>WIN40</filename> and <filename>W32X86</filename> already +existed in the [print$] driver download share (from a previous driver +installation). They are harmless here. +</para> + +<para> +Now your printer is prepared for the clients to use. From +a client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server, open the "Printers" +share, right-click on this printer and select "Install..." or +"Connect..." (depending on the Windows version you use). Now their +should be a new printer in your client's local "Printers" folder, +named (in my case) "infotec_IS2027 on kdebitshop" +</para> + +<para> +<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis> +<command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work i +with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher +and Samba from 2.2.4. If it doesn't work, or if the automatic printer +driver download to the clients doesn't succeed, you can still manually +install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on +clients and then point the client's printer queue to the Samba printer +share for connection, should you desire to use the CUPS networked +PostScript RIP functions. +</para> +</sect2> +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>The CUPS Filter Chains</title> + +<para> +The following diagrams reveal how CUPS handles print jobs. +</para> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# CUPS in and of itself has this (general) filter chain (CAPITAL +# letters are FILE-FORMATS or MIME types, other are filters (this is +# true for pre-1.1.15 of pre-4.3 versions of CUPS and ESP PrintPro): +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstoraster # as shipped with CUPS, independent from any Ghostscipt +# | # installation on the system +# | (= "postscipt interpreter") +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER +# | +# | +# V +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here) +# | (= "raster driver") +# | +# V +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC +# | +# | +# V +# backend +# +# +# ESP PrintPro has some enhanced "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>" filters as compared to +# CUPS, and also a somewhat improved "pstoraster" filter. +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +######################################################################### +</programlisting> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# This is how "cupsomatic" comes into play: +# ========================================= +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+ +# | | +# | V +# V cupsomatic +# pstoraster (constructs complicated +# | (= "postscipt interpreter") Ghostscript commandline +# | to let the file be +# V processed by a +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" +# | call...) +# | | +# V | +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> V +# | (= "raster driver") +-------------------------+ +# | | Ghostscript at work.... | +# V | | +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC *-------------------------+ +# | | +# | | +# V | +# backend >------------------------------------+ +# | +# | +# V +# THE PRINTER +# +# +# Note, that cupsomatic "kidnaps" the printfile after the +# "APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRPT" stage and deviates it through +# the CUPS-external, systemwide Ghostscript installation, bypassing the +# "pstoraster" filter (therefor also bypassing the CUPS-raster-drivers +# "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>", and hands the rasterized file directly to the CUPS +# backend... +# +# cupsomatic is not made by the CUPS developers. It is an independent +# contribution to printing development, made by people from +# Linuxprinting.org. (see also http://www.cups.org/cups-help.html) +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +######################################################################### +</programlisting> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# And this is how it works for ESP PrintPro from 4.3: +# =================================================== +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# gsrip +# | (= "postscipt interpreter") +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER +# | +# | +# V +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here) +# | (= "raster driver") +# | +# V +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC +# | +# | +# V +# backend +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +######################################################################### +</programlisting> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# This is how "cupsomatic" would come into play with ESP PrintPro: +# ================================================================ +# +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+ +# | | +# | V +# V cupsomatic +# gsrip (constructs complicated +# | (= "postscipt interpreter") Ghostscript commandline +# | to let the file be +# V processed by a +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" +# | call...) +# | | +# V | +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> V +# | (= "raster driver") +-------------------------+ +# | | Ghostscript at work.... | +# V | | +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC *-------------------------+ +# | | +# | | +# V | +# backend >------------------------------------+ +# | +# | +# V +# THE PRINTER +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +######################################################################### +</programlisting> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15: +# ============================================== +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+ +# | +# +------------------v------------------------------+ +# | Ghostscript | +# | at work... | +# | (with | +# | "-sDEVICE=cups") | +# | | +# | (= "postscipt interpreter") | +# | | +# +------------------v------------------------------+ +# | +# | +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER >-------+ +# | +# | +# V +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> +# | (= "raster driver") +# | +# V +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC +# | +# | +# V +# backend +# +# +# NOTE: since version 1.1.15 CUPS "outsourced" the pstoraster process to +# Ghostscript. GNU Ghostscript needs to be patched to handle the +# CUPS requirement; ESP Ghostscript has this builtin. In any case, +# "gs -h" needs to show up a "cups" device. pstoraster is now a +# calling an appropriate "gs -sDEVICE=cups..." commandline to do +# the job. It will output "application/vnd.cup-raster", which will +# be finally processed by a CUPS raster driver "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>" +# Note the difference to "cupsomatic", which will *not* output +# CUPS-raster, but a final version of the printfile, ready to be +# sent to the printer. cupsomatic also doesn't use the "cups" +# devicemode in Ghostscript, but one of the classical devicemodes.... +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +######################################################################### +</programlisting> + +<programlisting> +######################################################################### +# +# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15, with cupsomatic included: +# ======================================================================== +# +# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT +# | +# | +# V +# <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT +# | +# | +# V +# pstops +# | +# | +# V +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+ +# | +# +------------------v------------------------------+ +# | Ghostscript . Ghostscript at work.... | +# | at work... . (with "-sDEVICE= | +# | (with . <replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>" | +# | "-sDEVICE=cups") . | +# | . | +# | (CUPS standard) . (cupsomatic) | +# | . | +# | (= "postscript interpreter") | +# | . | +# +------------------v--------------v---------------+ +# | | +# | | +# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER >-------+ | +# | | +# | | +# V | +# rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> | +# | (= "raster driver") | +# | | +# V | +# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC >------------------------+ +# | +# | +# V +# backend +# +# +# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to +# CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted. +# +########################################################################## +</programlisting> + +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>CUPS Print Drivers and Devices</title> + +<para> +CUPS ships with good support for HP LaserJet type printers. You can install +the driver as follows: + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E -m laserjet.ppd + </para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +(The "-m" switch will retrieve the "laserjet.ppd" from the standard repository +for not-yet-installed-PPDs, which CUPS typically stores in +<filename>/usr/share/cups/model</filename>. Alternatively, you may use +"-P /absolute/filesystem/path/to/where/there/is/PPD/your.ppd"). +</para> + +<sect2> +<title>Further printing steps</title> + +<para> +Always also consult the database on linuxprinting.org for all recommendations +about which driver is best used for each printer: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi">http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi</ulink></para> + +<para> +There select your model and click on "Show". You'll arrive at a page listing +all drivers working with your model. There will always be *one* +<emphasis>recommended</emphasis> one. Try this one first. In your case +("HP LaserJet 4 Plus"), you'll arrive here: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104</ulink></para> + +<para> +The recommended driver is "ljet4". It has a link to the page for the ljet4 +driver too: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4</ulink></para> + +<para> +On the driver's page, you'll find important and detailed info about how to use +that driver within the various available spoolers. You can generate a PPD for +CUPS. The PPD contains all the info about how to use your model and the driver; +this is, once installed, working transparently for the user -- you'll only +need to choose resolution, paper size etc. from the web-based menu or from +the print dialog GUI or from the commandline... +</para> + +<para> +On the driver's page, choose to use the "PPD-O-Matic" online PPD generator +program. Select your model and click "Generate PPD file". When you safe the +appearing ASCII text file, don't use "cut'n'past" (as it could possiblly corrupt +line endings and tabs), but use "Save as..." in your browser's menu. Save it +at "/some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd" +</para> + +<para> +Then install the printer: +</para> +<para><programlisting> + "lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E \ + -P /some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd" +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Note, that for all the "Foomatic-PPDs" from Linuxprinting.org, you also need +a special "CUPS filter" named "cupsomatic". Get the latest version of +"cupsomatic" from: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic</ulink></para> + +<para> +This needs to be copied to <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic</filename> +and be made world executable. This filter is needed to read and act upon the +specially encoded Foomatic comments, embedded in the printfile, which in turn +are used to construct (transparently for you, the user) the complicated +ghostscript command line needed for your printer/driver combo. +</para> + +<para> +You can have a look at all the options for the Ghostscript commandline supported +by your printer and the ljet4 driver by going to the section "Execution details", +selecting your model (Laserjet 4 Plus) and clicking on "Show execution details". +This will bring up this web page: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&printer=75104&.submit=Show+execution+details">http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&printer=75104&.submit=Show+execution+details</ulink></para> + +<para> +The ingenious thing is that the database is kept current. If there +is a bug fix and an improvement somewhere in the database, you will +always get the most current and stable and feature-rich driver by following +the steps described above. +</para> + +<note><para> +Till Kamppeter from MandrakeSoft is doing an excellent job here that too few +people are aware of. (So if you use it often, please send him a note showing +your appreciation).</para></note> + +<para> +The latest and greatest improvement now is support for "custom page sizes" +for all those printers which support it. +</para> + +<para> +"cupsomatic" is documented here: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html</ulink></para> + +<para> +More printing tutorial info may be found here: +</para> + +<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/">http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/</ulink></para> + +<para> +Note, that *all* the Foomatic drivers listed on Linuxprinting.org (now +approaching the "all-time high" number of 1.000 for the supported models) +are using a special filtering chain involving Ghostscript, as described +in this document. +</para> + +<para> +Summary - You need: +</para> + +<para> +<simplelist> + <member>A "foomatic+<replaceable>something</replaceable>" PPD is not enough to print with CUPS (but it is *one* important component)</member> + <member>The "cupsomatic" filter script (Perl) in <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filters/</filename></member> + <member>Perl to make cupsomatic run</member> + <member>Ghostscript (because it is called and controlled by the PPD/cupsomatic combo in a way to fit your printermodel/driver combo.</member> + <member>Ghostscript *must*, depending on the driver/model, contain support for a certain "device" (as shown by "gs -h")</member> +</simplelist> +</para> + +<para> +In the case of the "hpijs" driver, you need a Ghostscript version, which +has "ijs" amongst its supported devices in "gs -h". In the case of +"hpijs+foomatic", a valid ghostscript commandline would be reading like this: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + gs -q -dBATCH -dPARANOIDSAFER -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ijs \ + -sIjsServer=hpijs<replaceable>PageSize</replaceable> -dDuplex=<replaceable>Duplex</replaceable> <replaceable>Model</replaceable> \ + -r<replaceable>Resolution</replaceable>,PS:MediaPosition=<replaceable>InputSlot</replaceable> -dIjsUseOutputFD \ + -sOutputFile=- - +</programlisting></para> + +<note><para> +Note, that with CUPS and the "hpijs+foomatic" PPD (plus Perl and cupsomatic) +you don't need to remember this. You can choose the available print options +thru a GUI print command (like "glp" from ESP's commercially supported +PrintPro software, or KDE's "kprinter", or GNOME's "gtklp" or the independent +"xpp") or the CUPS web interface via human-readable drop-down selection +menus. +</para></note> + +<para> +If you use "ESP Ghostscript" (also under the GPL, provided by Easy Software +Products, the makers of CUPS, downloadable from +<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>, +co-maintained by the developers of linuxprinting.org), you are guaranteed to +have in use the most uptodate, bug-fixed, enhanced and stable version of a Free +Ghostscript. It contains support for ~300 devices, whereas plain vanilla +GNU Ghostscript 7.05 only has ~200. +</para> + +<para> +If you print only one CUPS test page, from the web interface and when you try to +print a windows test page, it acts like the job was never sent: + +<simplelist> + <member>Can you print "standard" jobs from the CUPS machine?</member> + <member>Are the jobs from Windows visible in the Web interface on CUPS (http://localhost:631/)?</member> + <member><emphasis>Most important:</emphasis> What kind of printer driver are you using on the Windows clients?</member> +</simplelist> + +You can try to get a more detailed debugging info by setting "LogLevel debug" in +<filename>/etc/cups/cupsd.conf</filename>, re-start cupsd and investigate <filename>/var/log/cups/error_log</filename> +for the whereabouts of your Windows-originating printjobs: +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>what does the "auto-typing" line say? which is the "MIME type" CUPS thinks is arriving from the Windows clients?</member> + <member>are there "filter" available for this MIME type?</member> + <member>are there "filter rules" defined in "/etc/cups/mime.convs" for this MIME type?</member> +</simplelist> + +</sect2> + +</sect1> + + +<sect1> +<title>Limiting the number of pages users can print</title> + +<para> +The feature you want is dependent on the real print subsystem you're using. +Samba's part is always to receive the job files from the clients (filtered +*or* unfiltered) and hand it over to this printing subsystem. +</para> + +<para> +Of course one could "hack" things with one's own scripts. +</para> + +<para> +But there is CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). CUPS supports "quotas". +Quotas can be based on sizes of jobs or on the number of pages or both, +and are spanning any time period you want. +</para> + +<para> +This is an example command how root would set a print quota in CUPS, +assuming an existing printer named "quotaprinter": +</para> + +<programlisting> + lpadmin -p quotaprinter -o job-quota-period=604800 -o job-k-limit=1024 \ + -o job-page-limit=100 +</programlisting> + +<para> +This would limit every single user to print 100 pages or 1024 KB of +data (whichever comes first) within the last 604.800 seconds ( = 1 week). +</para> + +<para> +For CUPS to count correctly, the printfile needs to pass the CUPS "pstops" filter, +otherwise it uses a "dummy" count of "1". Some printfiles don't pass it +(eg: image files) but then those are mostly 1 page jobs anyway. This also means, +proprietary drivers for the target printer running on the client computers and +CUPS/Samba then spooling these files as "raw" (i.e. leaving them untouched, not +filtering them), will be counted as "1-pagers" too! +</para> + +<para> +You need to send PostScript from the clients (i.e. run a PostScript driver there) +for having the chance to get accounting done. If the printer is a non-PostScript model, +you need to let CUPS do the job to convert the file to a print-ready format for the +target printer. This will be working for currently ~1.000 different printer models, see +</para> + +<programlisting> + http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi +</programlisting> + +<para> +Before CUPS-1.1.16 your only option was to use the Adobe PostScript +Driver on the Windows clients. The output of this driver was not always +passed thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba side, and therefor was +not counted correctly (the reason is that it often --- depending on the +"PPD" being used --- did write a "PJL"-header in front of the real +PostScript which made CUPS to skip the pstops and go directy to +the "pstoraster" stage). +</para> + +<para> +From CUPS-1.1.16 onward you can use the "CUPS PostScript Driver +for Windows NT/2K/XP clients" (it is tagged in the download area of +http://www.cups.org/ as the "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz" package). +It is *not* working for Win9x/ME clients. But it: +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>it guarantees to not write an PJL-header</member> + <member>it guarantees to still read and support all PJL-options named in the driver PPD with its own means</member> + <member>it guarantees the file going thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba server</member> + <member>it guarantees to page-count correctly the printfile</member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +You can read more about the setup of this combination in the +manpage for "cupsaddsmb" (only present with CUPS installed, only +current with CUPS 1.1.16). +</para> + +<para> +These are the items CUPS logs in the "page_log" for every single *page* of a job: +</para> + +<para><simplelist> +<member>Printer name</member> +<member>User name</member> +<member>Job ID</member> +<member>Time of printing</member> +<member>the page number</member> +<member>the number of copies</member> +<member>a billing info string (optional)</member> +</simplelist> +</para> + +<para> +Here is an extract of my CUPS server's page_log file to illustrate +the format and included items: +</para> + +<para><computeroutput> + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 1 2 #marketing + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 2 2 #marketing + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 3 2 #marketing + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 4 2 #marketing + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 5 2 #marketing + infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 6 2 #marketing +</computeroutput></para> + +<para> +This was Job ID "40", printed on "infotec_IS2027" by user "kurt", a 6-page job +printed in 2 copies and billed to "#marketing"... +</para> + +<para> +What flaws or shortcomings are there? +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>the ones named above</member> + + <member> + CUPS really counts the job pages being *processsed in software* + (going thru the "RIP") rather than the physical sheets successfully + leaving the printing device -- if there is a jam while printing + the 5th sheet out of 1000 and the job is aborted by the printer, + the "page count" will still show the figure of 1000 for that job + </member> + + <member> + all quotas are the same for all users (no flexibility to give the + boss a higher quota than the clerk) no support for groups + </member> + + <member> + no means to read out the current balance or "used-up" number of current quota + </member> + + <member> + a user having used up 99 sheets of 100 quota will still be able to send and print a 1.000 sheet job + </member> + + <member> + a user being denied a job because of a filled-up quota doesn't get a meaningful + error message from CUPS other than "client-error-not-possible". + </member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +But this is the best system out there currently. And there are +huge improvements under development: +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>page counting will go into the "backends" (these talk + directly to the printer and will increase the count in sync with the + actual printing process -- a jam at the 5th sheet will lead to a stop in the counting)</member> + + <member>quotas will be handled more flexibly</member> + + <member>probably there will be support for users to inquire their "accounts" in advance</member> + + <member>probably there will be support for some other tools around this topic</member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +Other than the current stage of the CUPS development, I don't +know any other ready-to-use tool which you could consider. +</para> + +<para> +You can download the driver files from +<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>. +It is a separate package from the CUPS base software files, tagged as "CUPS 1.1.16 +Windows NT/2k/XP Printer Driver for SAMBA (tar.gz, 192k)". The filename to +download is "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz". Upon untar-/unzip-ping it will reveal +the files: +</para> + +<para> +<computeroutput> + cups-samba.install + cups-samba.license + cups-samba.readme + cups-samba.remove + cups-samba.ss +</computeroutput> +</para> + +<para> +These have been packaged with the ESP meta packager software "EPM". The +*.install and *.remove files are simple shell script, which untars the +*.ss (which is nothing else than a tar-archive) and puts its contents +into <filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. Its contents are 3 files: +</para> + +<para> +<computeroutput> + cupsdrvr.dll + cupsui.dll + cups.hlp +</computeroutput> +</para> + +<caution><para> +Due to a bug one CUPS release puts the <filename>cups.hlp</filename> +into <filename>/usr/share/drivers/</filename> instead of +<filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. To work around this, copy/move +the file after running the "./cups-samba.install" script manually to the right place: +</para> + + <para> +<userinput> cp /usr/share/drivers/cups.hlp /usr/share/cups/drivers/ +</userinput> + </para></caution> + +<note> +<para> +This new CUPS PostScript driver is currently binary-only, but free +no source code is provided (yet). The reason is this: it has +been developed with the help of the Microsoft Driver Developer Kit (DDK) +and compiled with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. It is not clear to the driver +developers if they are allowed to distribute the whole of the source code +as Free Software. However, they will likely release the "diff" in source +code under the GPL, so anybody with a license of Visual Studio and a DDK +will be able to compile for him/herself. +</para> + +<para> +Once you have run the install script (and possibly manually moved the +"cups.hlp" file to "/usr/share/cups/drivers/"), the driver is ready to be +put into Samba's [print$] share (which often maps to "/etc/samba/drivers/" +and contains a subdir tree with WIN40 and W32X86 branches), by running +"cupsaddsmb" (see also "man cupsaddsmb" for CUPS 1.1.16). [Don't forget to +put root into the smbpasswd file by running "smbpasswd" should you run +this whole procedure for the first time.] Once the driver files are in the +[print$] share, they are ready to be downloaded and installed by the +Win NT/2k/XP clients. +</para></note> + + + <note><para> + Win 9x/ME clients won't work with this driver. For these you'd + still need to use the ADOBE*.* drivers as previously. + </para></note> + + <note><para> + It is not harming if you've still the ADOBE*.* driver files from + previous installations in the "/usr/share/cups/drivers/" directory. + The new cupsaddsmb (from 1.1.16) will automatically use the + "newest" installed driver (which here then is the CUPS drivers). + </para></note> + + <note><para> + Should your Win clients have had the old ADOBE*.* files and the + Adobe PostScript drivers installed, the download and installation + of the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP will fail + at first. + </para> + <para> + It is not enough to "delete" the printer (as the driver files + will still be kept by the clients and re-used if you try to + re-install the printer). To really get rid of the Adobe driver + files on the clients, open the "Printers" folder (possibly via + "Start --> Settings --> Control Panel --> Printers"), right-click + onto the folder background and select "Server Properties". A + new dialog opens; select the "Drivers" tab; on the list select + the driver you want to delete and click on the "Delete" button. + (This will only work if there is no single printer left which + uses that particular driver -- you need to "delete" all printers + using this driver in the "Printers" folder first.) + </para> + </note> + + <note><para> + Once you have successfully downloaded the CUPS PostScript driver + to a client, you can easily switch all printers to this one + by proceeding as described elsewhere in the "Samba HOWTO + Collection" to change a driver for an existing printer. + </para></note> + +<para> +What are the benefits with the "CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP" +as compared to the Adobe drivers? +</para> + +<para> +<simplelist> + <member><para> + no hassle with the Adobe EULA + </para></member> + + <member><para> + no hassle with the question "where do I get the ADOBE*.* driver files from?" + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the Adobe drivers (depending on the printer PPD associated with them) + often put a PJL header in front of the core PostScript part of the print + file (thus the file starts with "<replaceable>1B</replaceable>%-12345X" + or "<replaceable>escape</replaceable>%-12345X" + instead of "%!PS"). This leads to the CUPS daemon autotyping the + arriving file as a print-ready file, not requiring a pass thru the + "pstops" filter (to speak more technical, it is not regarded as the + generic MIME type "application/postscript", but as the more special + MIME type "application/cups.vnd-postscript"), which therefore also + leads to the page accounting in "/var/log/cups/page_log" not receiving + the exact mumber of pages; instead the dummy page number of "1" is + logged in a standard setup) + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the Adobe driver has more options to "mis-configure" the PostScript + generated by it (like setting it inadvertedly to "Optimize for Speed", + instead of "Optimize for Portability", which could lead to CUPS being + unable to process it) + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the CUPS PostScript driver output sent by Windows clients to the CUPS + server will be guaranteed to be auto-typed as generic MIME type + "application/postscript", thusly passing thru the CUPS "pstops" filter + and logging the correct number of pages in the page_log for accounting + and quota purposes + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of additional print + options by the Win NT/2k/XP clients, such as naming the CUPS standard + banner pages (or the custom ones, should they be installed at the time + of driver download), using the CUPS "page-label" option, setting a + job-priority and setting the scheduled time of printing (with the option + to support additional useful IPP job attributes in the future). + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the CUPS PostScript driver supports the inclusion of the new + "*cupsJobTicket" comments at the beginnig of the PostScript file (which + could be used in the future for all sort of beneficial extensions on + the CUPS side, but which will not disturb any other application as those + will regard it as a comment and simply ignore it). + </para></member> + + <member><para> + the CUPS PostScript driver will be the heart of the fully fledged CUPS + IPP client for Windows NT/2k/XP to be released soon (probably alongside + the first Beta release for CUPS 1.2). + </para></member> + +</simplelist> +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Advanced Postscript Printing from MS Windows</title> + +<para> +Let the Windows Clients use a PostScript driver to deliver poistscript to +the samba print server (just like any Linux or Unix Client would also use +PostScript to send to the server) +</para> + +<para> +Make the Unix printing subsystem to which Samba sends the job convert the +incoming PostScript files to the native print format of the target printers +(would be PCL if you have an HP printer) +</para> + +<para> +Now if you are afraid that this would just mean using a *Generic* PostScript +driver for the clients that has no Simplex/Duplex selection, and no paper tray +choice, but you need them to be able to set up print jobs, with all the bells +and whistles of your printers:- +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>Not possible with traditional spooling systems</member> + + <member> + But perfectly supported by CUPS (which uses "PPD" files to + describe how to control the print options for PostScript and + non-PostScript devices alike... + </member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +CUPS PPDs are working perfectly on Windows clients who use Adobe PostScript +drivers (or the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2K/XP). Clients can use +them to setup the job to their liking and CUPS will use the received job options +to make the (PCL-, ESC/P- or PostScript-) printer behave as required. +</para> + +<para> +If you want to have the additional benefit of page count logging and accounting +then the CUPS PostScript driver is the best choice (better than the Adobe one). +</para> + +<para> +If you want to make the drivers downloadable for the clients then "cupsaddsmb" is +your friend. It will setup the [print$] share on the Samba host to be ready to serve +the clients for a "point and print" driver installation. +</para> + +<warning> +<para>What strings are attached?</para></warning> + +<para> +There are some. But, given the sheer CPU power you can buy nowadays, +these can be overcome easily. The strings: +</para> + +<para> +Well, if the CUPS/Samba side will have to print to many printers serving many users, +you probably will need to set up a second server (which can do automatic load balancing +with the first one, plus a degree of fail-over mechanism). Converting the incoming +PostScript jobs, "interpreting" them for non-PostScript printers, amounts to the work +of a "RIP" (Raster Image Processor) done in software. This requires more CPU and RAM +than for the mere "raw spooling" task your current setup is solving. It all depends +on the avarage and peak printing load the server should be able to handle. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Auto-Deletion of CUPS spool files</title> + +<para> +Samba print files pass thru two "spool" directories. One the incoming directory +managed by Samba, (set eg: in the <command>path = /var/spool/samba</command> directive in the [printers] +section of &smb.conf;). Second is the spool directory of your UNIX print subsystem. +For CUPS it is normally "/var/spool/cups/", as set by the cupsd.conf directive +"RequestRoot /var/spool/cups". +</para> + +<para> +I am not sure, which one of your directories keeps the files. From what you say, +it is most likely the Samba part. +</para> + +<para> +For the CUPS part, you may want to consult: +</para> + +<simplelist> +<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobFiles</member> +<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobHistory</member> +<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#MaxJobs</member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +There are the settings described for your CUPS daemon, which could lead to completed +job files not being deleted. +</para> + +<para> +"PreserveJobHistory Yes" -- keeps some details of jobs in +cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "c12345", "c12346" etc. files +in the CUPS spool directory, which do a similar job as the +old-fashioned BSD-LPD control files). This is set to "Yes" +as a default. +</para> + +<para> +"PreserveJobFiles Yes" -- keeps the job files themselves in +cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "d12345", "d12346" etc. files +in the CUPS spool directory...). This is set to "No" as the +CUPS default. +</para> + +<para> +"MaxJobs 500" -- this directive controls the maximum number +of jobs that are kept in memory. Once the number of jobs +reaches the limit, the oldest completed job is automatically +purged from the system to make room for the new one. If all +of the known jobs are still pending or active then the new +job will be rejected. Setting the maximum to 0 disables this +functionality. The default setting is 0. +</para> + +<para> +(There are also additional settings for "MaxJobsPerUser" and +"MaxJobsPerPrinter"...) +</para> + +<para> +For everything to work as announced, you need to have three things: +</para> + +<simplelist> + + <member> + a Samba-&smbd; which is compiled against "libcups" (Check on Linux by running <userinput>ldd `which smbd`</userinput>) + </member> + + <member> + a Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printing = cups</command> + </member> + + <member> + another Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printcap = cups</command> + </member> + +</simplelist> + +<note><para> +Note, that in this case all other manually set printing-related +commands (like "print command", "lpq command", "lprm command", +"lppause command" or "lpresume command") are ignored and they +should normally have no influence what-so-ever on your printing. +</para></note> + +<para> +If you want to do things manually, replace the "printing = cups" +by "printing = bsd". Then your manually set commands may work +(haven't tested this), and a "print command = lp -d %P %s; rm %s" +may do what you need. +</para> + +<para> +You forgot to mention the CUPS version you're using. If you did +set things up as described in the man pages, then the Samba +spool files should be deleted. Otherwise it may be a bug. On +the CUPS side, you can control the behaviour as described +above. +</para> + +<para> +If you have more problems, post the output of these commands: +</para> + +<para> +<userinput> + grep -v ^# /etc/cups/cupsd.conf | grep -v ^$ + grep -v ^# /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v "^;" +</userinput> +</para> + +<para> +(adapt paths as needed). These commands sanitize the files +and cut out the empty lines and lines with comments, providing +the "naked settings" in a compact way. +</para> +</sect1> +</chapter> |