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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82897808b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@ +<chapter id="ProfileMgmt"> +<chapterinfo> + &author.jht; + <pubdate>April 3 2003</pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Desktop Profile Management</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Roaming Profiles</title> + +<warning> +<para> +Roaming profiles support is different for Win9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x. +</para> +</warning> + +<para> +Before discussing how to configure roaming profiles, it is useful to see how +Windows 9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x clients implement these features. +</para> + +<para> +Windows 9x / Me clients send a NetUserGetInfo request to the server to get the user's +profiles location. However, the response does not have room for a separate +profiles location field, only the user's home share. This means that Win9X/Me +profiles are restricted to being stored in the user's home directory. +</para> + + +<para> +Windows NT4/200x clients send a NetSAMLogon RPC request, which contains many fields, +including a separate field for the location of the user's profiles. +</para> + +<sect2> +<title>Samba Configuration for Profile Handling</title> + +<para> +This section documents how to configure Samba for MS Windows client profile support. +</para> + +<sect3> +<title>NT4/200x User Profiles</title> + +<para> +To support Windowns NT4/200x clients, in the [global] section of smb.conf set the +following (for example): +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + logon path = \\profileserver\profileshare\profilepath\%U\moreprofilepath +</programlisting> + + This is typically implemented like: + +<programlisting> + logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u +</programlisting> +where %L translates to the name of the Samba server and %u translates to the user name +</para> + +<para> +The default for this option is \\%N\%U\profile, namely \\sambaserver\username\profile. +The \\N%\%U service is created automatically by the [homes] service. If you are using +a samba server for the profiles, you _must_ make the share specified in the logon path +browseable. Please refer to the man page for smb.conf in respect of the different +symantics of %L and %N, as well as %U and %u. +</para> + +<note> +<para> +MS Windows NT/2K clients at times do not disconnect a connection to a server +between logons. It is recommended to NOT use the <command>homes</command> +meta-service name as part of the profile share path. +</para> +</note> +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Windows 9x / Me User Profiles</title> + +<para> +To support Windows 9x / Me clients, you must use the "logon home" parameter. Samba has +now been fixed so that <userinput>net use /home</userinput> now works as well, and it, too, relies +on the <command>logon home</command> parameter. +</para> + +<para> +By using the logon home parameter, you are restricted to putting Win9x / Me +profiles in the user's home directory. But wait! There is a trick you +can use. If you set the following in the <command>[global]</command> section of your &smb.conf; file: +</para> +<para><programlisting> + logon home = \\%L\%U\.profiles +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +then your Windows 9x / Me clients will dutifully put their clients in a subdirectory +of your home directory called <filename>.profiles</filename> (thus making them hidden). +</para> + +<para> +Not only that, but <userinput>net use /home</userinput> will also work, because of a feature in +Windows 9x / Me. It removes any directory stuff off the end of the home directory area +and only uses the server and share portion. That is, it looks like you +specified \\%L\%U for <command>logon home</command>. +</para> +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Mixed Windows 9x / Me and Windows NT4/200x User Profiles</title> + +<para> +You can support profiles for both Win9X and WinNT clients by setting both the +<command>logon home</command> and <command>logon path</command> parameters. For example: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + logon home = \\%L\%u\.profiles + logon path = \\%L\profiles\%u +</programlisting></para> + +</sect3> +<sect3> +<title>Disabling Roaming Profile Support</title> + +<para> +A question often asked is "How may I enforce use of local profiles?" or +"How do I disable Roaming Profiles?" +</para> + +<para> +There are three ways of doing this: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + <command>In smb.conf:</command> affect the following settings and ALL clients + will be forced to use a local profile: + <programlisting> + logon home = + logon path = + </programlisting></para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + <command>MS Windows Registry:</command> by using the Microsoft Management Console + gpedit.msc to instruct your MS Windows XP machine to use only a local profile. This + of course modifies registry settings. The full path to the option is: + <programlisting> + Local Computer Policy\ + Computer Configuration\ + Administrative Templates\ + System\ + User Profiles\ + + Disable: Only Allow Local User Profiles + Disable: Prevent Roaming Profile Change from Propogating to the Server + </programlisting> + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem><para> + <command>Change of Profile Type:</command> From the start menu right click on the + MY Computer icon, select <emphasis>Properties</emphasis>, click on the "<emphasis>User Profiles</emphasis> + tab, select the profile you wish to change from Roaming type to Local, click <emphasis>Change Type</emphasis>. + </para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +Consult the MS Windows registry guide for your particular MS Windows version for more +information about which registry keys to change to enforce use of only local user +profiles. +</para> + +<note><para> +The specifics of how to convert a local profile to a roaming profile, or a roaming profile +to a local one vary according to the version of MS Windows you are running. Consult the +Microsoft MS Windows Resource Kit for your version of Windows for specific information. +</para></note> + +</sect3> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Windows Client Profile Configuration Information</title> + +<sect3> +<title>Windows 9x / Me Profile Setup</title> + +<para> +When a user first logs in on Windows 9X, the file user.DAT is created, +as are folders "Start Menu", "Desktop", "Programs" and "Nethood". +These directories and their contents will be merged with the local +versions stored in c:\windows\profiles\username on subsequent logins, +taking the most recent from each. You will need to use the [global] +options "preserve case = yes", "short preserve case = yes" and +"case sensitive = no" in order to maintain capital letters in shortcuts +in any of the profile folders. +</para> + +<para> +The user.DAT file contains all the user's preferences. If you wish to +enforce a set of preferences, rename their user.DAT file to user.MAN, +and deny them write access to this file. +</para> + +<orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + On the Windows 9x / Me machine, go to Control Panel -> Passwords and + select the User Profiles tab. Select the required level of + roaming preferences. Press OK, but do _not_ allow the computer + to reboot. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + On the Windows 9x / Me machine, go to Control Panel -> Network -> + Client for Microsoft Networks -> Preferences. Select 'Log on to + NT Domain'. Then, ensure that the Primary Logon is 'Client for + Microsoft Networks'. Press OK, and this time allow the computer + to reboot. + </para> + </listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +Under Windows 9x / Me Profiles are downloaded from the Primary Logon. +If you have the Primary Logon as 'Client for Novell Networks', then +the profiles and logon script will be downloaded from your Novell +Server. If you have the Primary Logon as 'Windows Logon', then the +profiles will be loaded from the local machine - a bit against the +concept of roaming profiles, it would seem! +</para> + +<para> +You will now find that the Microsoft Networks Login box contains +[user, password, domain] instead of just [user, password]. Type in +the samba server's domain name (or any other domain known to exist, +but bear in mind that the user will be authenticated against this +domain and profiles downloaded from it, if that domain logon server +supports it), user name and user's password. +</para> + +<para> +Once the user has been successfully validated, the Windows 9x / Me machine +will inform you that 'The user has not logged on before' and asks you +if you wish to save the user's preferences? Select 'yes'. +</para> + +<para> +Once the Windows 9x / Me client comes up with the desktop, you should be able +to examine the contents of the directory specified in the "logon path" +on the samba server and verify that the "Desktop", "Start Menu", +"Programs" and "Nethood" folders have been created. +</para> + +<para> +These folders will be cached locally on the client, and updated when +the user logs off (if you haven't made them read-only by then). +You will find that if the user creates further folders or short-cuts, +that the client will merge the profile contents downloaded with the +contents of the profile directory already on the local client, taking +the newest folders and short-cuts from each set. +</para> + +<para> +If you have made the folders / files read-only on the samba server, +then you will get errors from the Windows 9x / Me machine on logon and logout, as +it attempts to merge the local and the remote profile. Basically, if +you have any errors reported by the Windows 9x / Me machine, check the Unix file +permissions and ownership rights on the profile directory contents, +on the samba server. +</para> + +<para> +If you have problems creating user profiles, you can reset the user's +local desktop cache, as shown below. When this user then next logs in, +they will be told that they are logging in "for the first time". +</para> + +<orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + instead of logging in under the [user, password, domain] dialog, + press escape. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + run the regedit.exe program, and look in: + </para> + + <para> + HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList + </para> + + <para> + you will find an entry, for each user, of ProfilePath. Note the + contents of this key (likely to be c:\windows\profiles\username), + then delete the key ProfilePath for the required user. + + [Exit the registry editor]. + + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + <emphasis>WARNING</emphasis> - before deleting the contents of the + directory listed in the ProfilePath (this is likely to be + <filename>c:\windows\profiles\username)</filename>, ask them if they + have any important files stored on their desktop or in their start menu. + Delete the contents of the directory ProfilePath (making a backup if any + of the files are needed). + </para> + + <para> + This will have the effect of removing the local (read-only hidden + system file) user.DAT in their profile directory, as well as the + local "desktop", "nethood", "start menu" and "programs" folders. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + search for the user's .PWL password-caching file in the c:\windows + directory, and delete it. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + log off the windows 9x / Me client. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + check the contents of the profile path (see "logon path" described + above), and delete the user.DAT or user.MAN file for the user, + making a backup if required. + </para> + </listitem> + +</orderedlist> + +<para> +If all else fails, increase samba's debug log levels to between 3 and 10, +and / or run a packet trace program such as ethereal or netmon.exe, and +look for error messages. +</para> + +<para> +If you have access to an Windows NT4/200x server, then first set up roaming profiles +and / or netlogons on the Windows NT4/200x server. Make a packet trace, or examine +the example packet traces provided with Windows NT4/200x server, and see what the +differences are with the equivalent samba trace. +</para> + +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Windows NT4 Workstation</title> + +<para> +When a user first logs in to a Windows NT Workstation, the profile +NTuser.DAT is created. The profile location can be now specified +through the "logon path" parameter. +</para> + +<para> +There is a parameter that is now available for use with NT Profiles: +"logon drive". This should be set to <filename>H:</filename> or any other drive, and +should be used in conjunction with the new "logon home" parameter. +</para> + +<para> +The entry for the NT4 profile is a _directory_ not a file. The NT +help on profiles mentions that a directory is also created with a .PDS +extension. The user, while logging in, must have write permission to +create the full profile path (and the folder with the .PDS extension +for those situations where it might be created.) +</para> + +<para> +In the profile directory, Windows NT4 creates more folders than Windows 9x / Me. +It creates "Application Data" and others, as well as "Desktop", "Nethood", +"Start Menu" and "Programs". The profile itself is stored in a file +NTuser.DAT. Nothing appears to be stored in the .PDS directory, and +its purpose is currently unknown. +</para> + +<para> +You can use the System Control Panel to copy a local profile onto +a samba server (see NT Help on profiles: it is also capable of firing +up the correct location in the System Control Panel for you). The +NT Help file also mentions that renaming NTuser.DAT to NTuser.MAN +turns a profile into a mandatory one. +</para> + +<para> +The case of the profile is significant. The file must be called +NTuser.DAT or, for a mandatory profile, NTuser.MAN. +</para> +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Windows 2000/XP Professional</title> + +<para> +You must first convert the profile from a local profile to a domain +profile on the MS Windows workstation as follows: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem><para> + Log on as the LOCAL workstation administrator. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Right click on the 'My Computer' Icon, select 'Properties' + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Click on the 'User Profiles' tab + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Select the profile you wish to convert (click on it once) + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Click on the button 'Copy To' + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + In the "Permitted to use" box, click on the 'Change' button. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Click on the 'Look in" area that lists the machine name, when you click + here it will open up a selection box. Click on the domain to which the + profile must be accessible. + </para> + + <note><para>You will need to log on if a logon box opens up. Eg: In the connect + as: MIDEARTH\root, password: mypassword.</para></note> + </listitem> + + <listitem><para> + To make the profile capable of being used by anyone select 'Everyone' + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Click OK. The Selection box will close. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + Now click on the 'Ok' button to create the profile in the path you + nominated. + </para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +Done. You now have a profile that can be editted using the samba-3.0.0 +<filename>profiles</filename> tool. +</para> + +<note> +<para> +Under NT/2K the use of mandotory profiles forces the use of MS Exchange +storage of mail data. That keeps desktop profiles usable. +</para> +</note> + +<note> +<itemizedlist> +<listitem><para> +This is a security check new to Windows XP (or maybe only +Windows XP service pack 1). It can be disabled via a group policy in +Active Directory. The policy is:</para> + +<para>"Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\System\User +Profiles\Do not check for user ownership of Roaming Profile Folders"</para> + +<para>...and it should be set to "Enabled". +Does the new version of samba have an Active Directory analogue? If so, +then you may be able to set the policy through this. +</para> + +<para> +If you cannot set group policies in samba, then you may be able to set +the policy locally on each machine. If you want to try this, then do +the following (N.B. I don't know for sure that this will work in the +same way as a domain group policy): +</para> + +</listitem> + +<listitem><para> +On the XP workstation log in with an Administrator account. +</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Click: "Start", "Run"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Type: "mmc"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Click: "OK"</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>A Microsoft Management Console should appear.</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Click: File, "Add/Remove Snap-in...", "Add"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Double-Click: "Group Policy"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Click: "Finish", "Close"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Click: "OK"</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>In the "Console Root" window:</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Expand: "Local Computer Policy", "Computer Configuration",</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>"Administrative Templates", "System", "User Profiles"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Double-Click: "Do not check for user ownership of Roaming Profile</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Folders"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Select: "Enabled"</para></listitem> + <listitem><para>Click: OK"</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Close the whole console. You do not need to save the settings (this + refers to the console settings rather than the policies you have + changed).</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Reboot</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> +</note> +</sect3> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Sharing Profiles between W9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP workstations</title> + +<para> +Sharing of desktop profiles between Windows versions is NOT recommended. +Desktop profiles are an evolving phenomenon and profiles for later versions +of MS Windows clients add features that may interfere with earlier versions +of MS Windows clients. Probably the more salient reason to NOT mix profiles +is that when logging off an earlier version of MS Windows the older format +of profile contents may overwrite information that belongs to the newer +version resulting in loss of profile information content when that user logs +on again with the newer version of MS Windows. +</para> + +<para> +If you then want to share the same Start Menu / Desktop with W9x/Me, you will +need to specify a common location for the profiles. The smb.conf parameters +that need to be common are <emphasis>logon path</emphasis> and +<emphasis>logon home</emphasis>. +</para> + +<para> +If you have this set up correctly, you will find separate user.DAT and +NTuser.DAT files in the same profile directory. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Profile Migration from Windows NT4/200x Server to Samba</title> + +<para> +There is nothing to stop you specifying any path that you like for the +location of users' profiles. Therefore, you could specify that the +profile be stored on a samba server, or any other SMB server, as long as +that SMB server supports encrypted passwords. +</para> + +<sect3> +<title>Windows NT4 Profile Management Tools</title> + +<para> +Unfortunately, the Resource Kit information is specific to the version of MS Windows +NT4/200x. The correct resource kit is required for each platform. +</para> + +<para> +Here is a quick guide: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + +<listitem><para> +On your NT4 Domain Controller, right click on 'My Computer', then +select the tab labelled 'User Profiles'. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +Select a user profile you want to migrate and click on it. +</para> + +<note><para>I am using the term "migrate" lossely. You can copy a profile to +create a group profile. You can give the user 'Everyone' rights to the +profile you copy this to. That is what you need to do, since your samba +domain is not a member of a trust relationship with your NT4 PDC.</para></note> +</listitem> + + <listitem><para>Click the 'Copy To' button.</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>In the box labelled 'Copy Profile to' add your new path, eg: + <filename>c:\temp\foobar</filename></para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Click on the button labelled 'Change' in the "Permitted to use" box.</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Click on the group 'Everyone' and then click OK. This closes the + 'chose user' box.</para></listitem> + + <listitem><para>Now click OK.</para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +Follow the above for every profile you need to migrate. +</para> + +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Side bar Notes</title> + +<para> +You should obtain the SID of your NT4 domain. You can use smbpasswd to do +this. Read the man page.</para> + +<para> +With Samba-3.0.0 alpha code you can import all you NT4 domain accounts +using the net samsync method. This way you can retain your profile +settings as well as all your users. +</para> + +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>moveuser.exe</title> + +<para> +The W2K professional resource kit has moveuser.exe. moveuser.exe changes +the security of a profile from one user to another. This allows the account +domain to change, and/or the user name to change. +</para> + +</sect3> + +<sect3> +<title>Get SID</title> + +<para> +You can identify the SID by using GetSID.exe from the Windows NT Server 4.0 +Resource Kit. +</para> + +<para> +Windows NT 4.0 stores the local profile information in the registry under +the following key: +HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList +</para> + +<para> +Under the ProfileList key, there will be subkeys named with the SIDs of the +users who have logged on to this computer. (To find the profile information +for the user whose locally cached profile you want to move, find the SID for +the user with the GetSID.exe utility.) Inside of the appropriate user's +subkey, you will see a string value named ProfileImagePath. +</para> + +</sect3> +</sect2> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Mandatory profiles</title> + +<para> +A Mandatory Profile is a profile that the user does NOT have the ability to overwrite. +During the user's session it may be possible to change the desktop environment, but +as the user logs out all changes made will be lost. If it is desired to NOT allow the +user any ability to change the desktop environment then this must be done through +policy settings. See previous chapter. +</para> + +<note> +<para> +Under NO circumstances should the profile directory (or it's contents) be made read-only +as this may render the profile un-usable. +</para> +</note> + +<para> +For MS Windows NT4/200x/XP the above method can be used to create mandatory profiles +also. To convert a group profile into a mandatory profile simply locate the NTUser.DAT +file in the copied profile and rename it to NTUser.MAN. +</para> + +<para> +For MS Windows 9x / Me it is the User.DAT file that must be renamed to User.MAN to +affect a mandatory profile. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Creating/Managing Group Profiles</title> + +<para> +Most organisations are arranged into departments. There is a nice benenfit in +this fact since usually most users in a department will require the same desktop +applications and the same desktop layout. MS Windows NT4/200x/XP will allow the +use of Group Profiles. A Group Profile is a profile that is created firstly using +a template (example) user. Then using the profile migration tool (see above) the +profile is assigned access rights for the user group that needs to be given access +to the group profile. +</para> + +<para> +The next step is rather important. PLEASE NOTE: Instead of assigning a group profile +to users (ie: Using User Manager) on a "per user" basis, the group itself is assigned +the now modified profile. +</para> + +<note> + <para> + Be careful with group profiles, if the user who is a member of a group also + has a personal profile, then the result will be a fusion (merge) of the two. + </para> +</note> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Default Profile for Windows Users</title> + +<para> +MS Windows 9x / Me and NT4/200x/XP will use a default profile for any user for whom +a profile does not already exist. Armed with a knowledge of where the default profile +is located on the Windows workstation, and knowing which registry keys affect the path +from which the default profile is created, it is possible to modify the default profile +to one that has been optimised for the site. This has significant administrative +advantages. +</para> + +<sect2> +<title>MS Windows 9x/Me</title> + +<para> +To enable default per use profiles in Windows 9x / Me you can either use the Windows 98 System +Policy Editor or change the registry directly. +</para> + +<para> +To enable default per user profiles in Windows 9x / Me, launch the System Policy Editor, then +select File -> Open Registry, then click on the Local Computer icon, click on Windows 98 System, +select User Profiles, click on the enable box. Do not forget to save the registry changes. +</para> + +<para> +To modify the registry directly, launch the Registry Editor (regedit.exe), select the hive +<filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Network\Logon</filename>. Now add a DWORD type key with the name +"User Profiles", to enable user profiles set the value to 1, to disable user profiles set it to 0. +</para> + +<sect3> +<title>How User Profiles Are Handled in Windows 9x / Me?</title> + +<para> +When a user logs on to a Windows 9x / Me machine, the local profile path, +<filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</filename>, is checked +for an existing entry for that user: +</para> + +<para> +If the user has an entry in this registry location, Windows 9x / Me checks for a locally cached +version of the user profile. Windows 9x / Me also checks the user's home directory (or other +specified directory if the location has been modified) on the server for the User Profile. +If a profile exists in both locations, the newer of the two is used. If the User Profile exists +on the server, but does not exist on the local machine, the profile on the server is downloaded +and used. If the User Profile only exists on the local machine, that copy is used. +</para> + +<para> +If a User Profile is not found in either location, the Default User Profile from the Windows 9x / Me +machine is used and is copied to a newly created folder for the logged on user. At log off, any +changes that the user made are written to the user's local profile. If the user has a roaming +profile, the changes are written to the user's profile on the server. +</para> + +</sect3> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>MS Windows NT4 Workstation</title> + +<para> +On MS Windows NT4 the default user profile is obtained from the location +<filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles</filename> which in a default installation will translate to +<filename>C:\WinNT\Profiles</filename>. Under this directory on a clean install there will be +three (3) directories: <filename>Administrator, All Users, Default User</filename>. +</para> + +<para> +The <filename>All Users</filename> directory contains menu settings that are common across all +system users. The <filename>Default User</filename> directory contains menu entries that are +customisable per user depending on the profile settings chosen/created. +</para> + +<para> +When a new user first logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine a new profile is created from: +</para> + +<simplelist> + <member>All Users settings</member> + <member>Default User settings (contains the default NTUser.DAT file)</member> +</simplelist> + +<para> +When a user logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine that is a member of a Microsoft security domain +the following steps are followed in respect of profile handling: +</para> + +<orderedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + The users' account information which is obtained during the logon process contains + the location of the users' desktop profile. The profile path may be local to the + machine or it may be located on a network share. If there exists a profile at the location + of the path from the user account, then this profile is copied to the location + <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename>. This profile then inherits the + settings in the <filename>All Users</filename> profile in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles</filename> + location. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + If the user account has a profile path, but at it's location a profile does not exist, + then a new profile is created in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename> + directory from reading the <filename>Default User</filename> profile. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + If the NETLOGON share on the authenticating server (logon server) contains a policy file + (<filename>NTConfig.POL</filename>) then it's contents are applied to the <filename>NTUser.DAT</filename> + which is applied to the <filename>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</filename> part of the registry. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + When the user logs out, if the profile is set to be a roaming profile it will be written + out to the location of the profile. The <filename>NTuser.DAT</filename> file is then + re-created from the contents of the <filename>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</filename> contents. + Thus, should there not exist in the NETLOGON share an <filename>NTConfig.POL</filename> at the + next logon, the effect of the provious <filename>NTConfig.POL</filename> will still be held + in the profile. The effect of this is known as <emphasis>tatooing</emphasis>. + </para> + </listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +MS Windows NT4 profiles may be <emphasis>Local</emphasis> or <emphasis>Roaming</emphasis>. A Local profile +will stored in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename> location. A roaming profile will +also remain stored in the same way, unless the following registry key is created: +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\winlogon\ + "DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:00000001 +</programlisting> + +In which case, the local copy (in <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename>) will be +deleted on logout. +</para> + +<para> +Under MS Windows NT4 default locations for common resources (like <filename>My Documents</filename> +may be redirected to a network share by modifying the following registry keys. These changes may be affected +via use of the System Policy Editor (to do so may require that you create your owns template extension +for the policy editor to allow this to be done through the GUI. Another way to do this is by way of first +creating a default user profile, then while logged in as that user, run regedt32 to edit the key settings. +</para> + +<para> +The Registry Hive key that affects the behaviour of folders that are part of the default user profile +are controlled by entries on Windows NT4 is: +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + HKEY_CURRENT_USER + \Software + \Microsoft + \Windows + \CurrentVersion + \Explorer + \User Shell Folders\ +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are: +</para> + + <para> + <programlisting> + Name Default Value + -------------- ----------------------------------------- + AppData %USERPROFILE%\Application Data + Desktop %USERPROFILE%\Desktop + Favorites %USERPROFILE%\Favorites + NetHood %USERPROFILE%\NetHood + PrintHood %USERPROFILE%\PrintHood + Programs %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs + Recent %USERPROFILE%\Recent + SendTo %USERPROFILE%\SendTo + Start Menu %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu + Startup %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup + </programlisting> + </para> + +<para> +The registry key that contains the location of the default profile settings is: + +<programlisting> + HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE + \SOFTWARE + \Microsoft + \Windows + \CurrentVersion + \Explorer + \User Shell Folders +</programlisting> + +The default entries are: + +<programlisting> + Common Desktop %SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Desktop + Common Programs %SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Programs + Common Start Menu %SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu + Common Startup %SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Progams\Startup +</programlisting> +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>MS Windows 200x/XP</title> + + <note> + <para> + MS Windows XP Home Edition does use default per user profiles, but can not participate + in domain security, can not log onto an NT/ADS style domain, and thus can obtain the profile + only from itself. While there are benefits in doing this the beauty of those MS Windows + clients that CAN participate in domain logon processes allows the administrator to create + a global default profile and to enforce it through the use of Group Policy Objects (GPOs). + </para> + </note> + +<para> +When a new user first logs onto MS Windows 200x/XP machine the default profile is obtained from +<filename>C:\Documents and Settings\Default User</filename>. The administrator can modify (or change +the contents of this location and MS Windows 200x/XP will gladly use it. This is far from the optimum +arrangement since it will involve copying a new default profile to every MS Windows 200x/XP client +workstation. +</para> + +<para> +When MS Windows 200x/XP participate in a domain security context, and if the default user +profile is not found, then the client will search for a default profile in the NETLOGON share +of the authenticating server. ie: In MS Windows parlance: +<filename>%LOGONSERVER%\NETLOGON\Default User</filename> and if one exits there it will copy this +to the workstation to the <filename>C:\Documents and Settings\</filename> under the Windows +login name of the user. +</para> + + <note> + <para> + This path translates, in Samba parlance, to the smb.conf [NETLOGON] share. The directory + should be created at the root of this share and must be called <filename>Default Profile</filename>. + </para> + </note> + +<para> +If a default profile does not exist in this location then MS Windows 200x/XP will use the local +default profile. +</para> + +<para> +On loging out, the users' desktop profile will be stored to the location specified in the registry +settings that pertain to the user. If no specific policies have been created, or passed to the client +during the login process (as Samba does automatically), then the user's profile will be written to +the local machine only under the path <filename>C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%</filename>. +</para> + +<para> +Those wishing to modify the default behaviour can do so through three methods: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + Modify the registry keys on the local machine manually and place the new default profile in the + NETLOGON share root - NOT recommended as it is maintenance intensive. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + Create an NT4 style NTConfig.POL file that specified this behaviour and locate this file + in the root of the NETLOGON share along with the new default profile. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + Create a GPO that enforces this through Active Directory, and place the new default profile + in the NETLOGON share. + </para> + </listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +The Registry Hive key that affects the behaviour of folders that are part of the default user profile +are controlled by entries on Windows 200x/XP is: +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + HKEY_CURRENT_USER + \Software + \Microsoft + \Windows + \CurrentVersion + \Explorer + \User Shell Folders\ +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are: +</para> + + <para> + <programlisting> + Name Default Value + -------------- ----------------------------------------- + AppData %USERPROFILE%\Application Data + Cache %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files + Cookies %USERPROFILE%\Cookies + Desktop %USERPROFILE%\Desktop + Favorites %USERPROFILE%\Favorites + History %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\History + Local AppData %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Application Data + Local Settings %USERPROFILE%\Local Settings + My Pictures %USERPROFILE%\My Documents\My Pictures + NetHood %USERPROFILE%\NetHood + Personal %USERPROFILE%\My Documents + PrintHood %USERPROFILE%\PrintHood + Programs %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs + Recent %USERPROFILE%\Recent + SendTo %USERPROFILE%\SendTo + Start Menu %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu + Startup %USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup + Templates %USERPROFILE%\Templates + </programlisting> + </para> + +<para> +There is also an entry called "Default" that has no value set. The default entry is of type REG_SZ, all +the others are of type REG_EXPAND_SZ. +</para> + +<para> +It makes a huge difference to the speed of handling roaming user profiles if all the folders are +stored on a dedicated location on a network server. This means that it will NOT be necessary to +write the Outlook PST file over the network for every login and logout. +</para> + +<para> +To set this to a network location you could use the following examples: + +<programlisting> + %LOGONSERVER%\%USERNAME%\Default Folders +</programlisting> + +This would store the folders in the user's home directory under a directory called "Default Folders" + +You could also use: + +<programlisting> + \\SambaServer\FolderShare\%USERNAME% +</programlisting> + +in which case the default folders will be stored in the server named <emphasis>SambaServer</emphasis> +in the share called <emphasis>FolderShare</emphasis> under a directory that has the name of the MS Windows +user as seen by the Linux/Unix file system. +</para> + +<para> +Please note that once you have created a default profile share, you MUST migrate a user's profile +(default or custom) to it. +</para> + +<para> +MS Windows 200x/XP profiles may be <emphasis>Local</emphasis> or <emphasis>Roaming</emphasis>. +A roaming profile will be cached locally unless the following registry key is created: +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\winlogon\ + "DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:00000001 +</programlisting> + +In which case, the local cache copy will be deleted on logout. +</para> +</sect2> +</sect1> + +</chapter> |