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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 7e70158c13..0000000000 --- a/docs/docbook/projdoc/ProfileMgmt.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1095 +0,0 @@ -<chapter id="ProfileMgmt"> -<chapterinfo> - &author.jht; - <pubdate>April 3 2003</pubdate> -</chapterinfo> - -<title>Desktop Profile Management</title> - -<sect1> -<title>Features and Benefits</title> - -<para> -Roaming profiles are feared by some, hated by a few, loved by many, and a Godsend for -some administrators. -</para> - -<para> -Roaming profiles allow an administrator to make available a consistent user desktop -as the user moves from one machine to another. This chapter provides much information -regarding how to configure and manage roaming profiles. -</para> - -<para> -While roaming profiles might sound like nirvana to some, they are a real and tangible -problem to others. In particular, users of mobile computing tools, where often there may not -be a sustained network connection, are often better served by purely local profiles. -This chapter provides information to help the Samba administrator deal with those -situations. -</para> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Roaming Profiles</title> - -<warning> -<para> -Roaming profiles support is different for Windows 9x/Me and Windows NT4/200x. -</para> -</warning> - -<para> -Before discussing how to configure roaming profiles, it is useful to see how -Windows 9x/Me and Windows NT4/200x clients implement these features. -</para> - -<para> -Windows 9x/Me clients send a NetUserGetInfo request to the server to get the user's -profiles location. However, the response does not have room for a separate -profiles location field, only the user's home share. This means that Windows 9x/Me -profiles are restricted to being stored in the user's home directory. -</para> - - -<para> -Windows NT4/200x clients send a NetSAMLogon RPC request, which contains many fields -including a separate field for the location of the user's profiles. -</para> - -<sect2> -<title>Samba Configuration for Profile Handling</title> - -<para> -This section documents how to configure Samba for MS Windows client profile support. -</para> - -<sect3> -<title>NT4/200x User Profiles</title> - -<para> -For example, to support Windows NT4/200x clients, set the followoing in the [global] section of the &smb.conf; file: -</para> - -<para> -<smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>logon path</name><value>\\profileserver\profileshare\profilepath\%U\moreprofilepath</value></smbconfoption> -</smbconfblock> - -This is typically implemented like: - -<smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>logon path</name><value>\\%L\Profiles\%u</value></smbconfoption> -</smbconfblock> -where <quote>%L</quote> translates to the name of the Samba server and <quote>%u</quote> translates to the user name. -</para> - -<para> -The default for this option is <filename>\\%N\%U\profile</filename>, namely <filename>\\sambaserver\username\profile</filename>. -The <filename>\\N%\%U</filename> service is created automatically by the [homes] service. If you are using -a Samba server for the profiles, you must make the share that is specified in the logon path -browseable. Please refer to the man page for &smb.conf; in respect of the different -semantics of <quote>%L</quote> and <quote>%N</quote>, as well as <quote>%U</quote> and <quote>%u</quote>. -</para> - -<note> -<para> -MS Windows NT/200x clients at times do not disconnect a connection to a server between logons. It is recommended -to not use the <smbconfsection>homes</smbconfsection> meta-service name as part of the profile share path. -</para> -</note> -</sect3> - -<sect3> -<title>Windows 9x/Me User Profiles</title> - -<para> -To support Windows 9x/Me clients, you must use the <smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption> -parameter. Samba has been fixed so <userinput>net use /home</userinput> now works as well and it, too, relies -on the <command>logon home</command> parameter. -</para> - -<para> -By using the logon home parameter, you are restricted to putting Windows 9x/Me profiles in the user's home -directory. But wait! There is a trick you can use. If you set the following in the -<smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection> section of your &smb.conf; file: -</para> -<para><smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>logon home</name><value>\\%L\%U\.profiles</value></smbconfoption> -</smbconfblock></para> - -<para> -then your Windows 9x/Me clients will dutifully put their clients in a subdirectory -of your home directory called <filename>.profiles</filename> (making them hidden). -</para> - -<para> -Not only that, but <userinput>net use /home</userinput> will also work because of a feature in -Windows 9x/Me. It removes any directory stuff off the end of the home directory area -and only uses the server and share portion. That is, it looks like you -specified <filename>\\%L\%U</filename> for <smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption>. -</para> -</sect3> - -<sect3> -<title>Mixed Windows 9x/Me and Windows NT4/200x User Profiles</title> - -<para> -You can support profiles for Windows 9x and Windows NT clients by setting both the -<smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption> and <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> parameters. For example: -</para> - -<para><smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>logon home</name><value>\\%L\%u\.profiles</value></smbconfoption> -<smbconfoption><name>logon path</name><value>\\%L\profiles\%u</value></smbconfoption> -</smbconfblock></para> - -</sect3> -<sect3> -<title>Disabling Roaming Profile Support</title> - -<para> -A question often asked is: <quote>How may I enforce use of local profiles?</quote> or -<quote>How do I disable roaming profiles?</quote> -</para> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>roaming profiles</primary></indexterm> -There are three ways of doing this: -<indexterm><primary>windows registry settings</primary><secondary>roaming profiles</secondary></indexterm> -</para> - - -<variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>In &smb.conf;</term> - <listitem><para> - Affect the following settings and ALL clients will be forced to use a local profile: - <smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption> and <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> - </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>MS Windows Registry</term> - <listitem><para> - By using the Microsoft Management Console gpedit.msc to instruct your MS Windows XP - machine to use only a local profile. This, of course, modifies registry settings. The full - path to the option is: -<screen> -Local Computer Policy\ - Computer Configuration\ - Administrative Templates\ - System\ - User Profiles\ - -Disable: Only Allow Local User Profiles -Disable: Prevent Roaming Profile Change from Propagating to the Server -</screen> - </para> </listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>Change of Profile Type:</term> - <listitem><para>From the start menu right-click on <guiicon>My Computer icon</guiicon>, - select <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>, click on the <guilabel>User Profiles</guilabel> - tab, select the profile you wish to change from - <guimenu>Roaming</guimenu> type to <guimenu>Local</guimenu>, and click on - <guibutton>Change Type</guibutton>. - </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para> -Consult the MS Windows registry guide for your particular MS Windows version for more information -about which registry keys to change to enforce use of only local user profiles. -</para> - -<note><para> -The specifics of how to convert a local profile to a roaming profile, or a roaming profile -to a local one vary according to the version of MS Windows you are running. Consult the Microsoft MS -Windows Resource Kit for your version of Windows for specific information. -</para></note> - -</sect3> </sect2> - -<sect2> <title>Windows Client Profile Configuration Information</title> - -<sect3> <title>Windows 9x/Me Profile Setup</title> - -<para> -When a user first logs in on Windows 9X, the file user.DAT is created, as are folders -<filename>Start Menu</filename>, <filename>Desktop</filename>, <filename>Programs</filename>, and -<filename>Nethood</filename>. These directories and their contents will be merged with the local -versions stored in <filename>c:\windows\profiles\username</filename> on subsequent logins, taking the -most recent from each. You will need to use the <smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection> options -<smbconfoption><name>preserve case</name><value>yes</value></smbconfoption>, -<smbconfoption><name>short preserve case</name><value>yes</value></smbconfoption> and -<smbconfoption><name>case sensitive</name><value>no</value></smbconfoption> -in order to maintain capital letters in shortcuts in any of the profile folders. -</para> - -<para> -The <filename>user.DAT</filename> file contains all the user's preferences. If you wish to enforce a set of preferences, -rename their <filename>user.DAT</filename> file to <filename>user.MAN</filename>, and deny them write access to this file. -</para> - -<orderedlist> - <listitem> <para> - On the Windows 9x/Me machine, go to <guimenu>Control Panel</guimenu> -> - <guimenuitem>Passwords</guimenuitem> and select the <guilabel>User Profiles</guilabel> tab. - Select the required level of roaming preferences. Press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, but do not - allow the computer to reboot. - </para> </listitem> - - <listitem> <para> - On the Windows 9x/Me machine, go to <guimenu>Control Panel</guimenu> -> - <guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem> -> <guimenuitem>Client for Microsoft Networks</guimenuitem> - -> <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel>. Select <guilabel>Log on to NT Domain</guilabel>. Then, - ensure that the Primary Logon is <guilabel>Client for Microsoft Networks</guilabel>. Press - <guibutton>OK</guibutton>, and this time allow the computer to reboot. - </para> </listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<para> Under Windows 9x/ME, profiles are downloaded from the Primary Logon. If you have the Primary Logon -as <quote>Client for Novell Networks</quote>, then the profiles and logon script will be downloaded from -your Novell Server. If you have the Primary Logon as <quote>Windows Logon</quote>, then the profiles will -be loaded from the local machine &smbmdash; a bit against the concept of roaming profiles, it would seem! </para> - -<para> -You will now find that the Microsoft Networks Login box contains <constant>[user, password, domain]</constant> instead -of just <constant>[user, password]</constant>. Type in the Samba server's domain name (or any other domain known to exist, -but bear in mind that the user will be authenticated against this domain and profiles downloaded from it, -if that domain logon server supports it), user name and user's password. -</para> - -<para> Once the user has been successfully validated, the Windows 9x/Me machine will inform you that -<computeroutput>The user has not logged on before</computeroutput> and asks you <computeroutput>Do you -wish to save the user's preferences?</computeroutput> Select <guibutton>Yes</guibutton>. </para> - -<para> Once the Windows 9x/Me client comes up with the desktop, you should be able to examine the -contents of the directory specified in the <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> on -the Samba server and verify that the <filename>Desktop</filename>, <filename>Start Menu</filename>, -<filename>Programs</filename> and <filename>Nethood</filename> folders have been created. </para> - -<para> These folders will be cached locally on the client, and updated when the user logs off (if -you haven't made them read-only by then). You will find that if the user creates further folders or -shortcut, that the client will merge the profile contents downloaded with the contents of the profile -directory already on the local client, taking the newest folders and shortcut from each set. </para> - -<para> If you have made the folders/files read-only on the Samba server, then you will get errors from -the Windows 9x/Me machine on logon and logout as it attempts to merge the local and remote profile. -Basically, if you have any errors reported by the Windows 9x/Me machine, check the UNIX file permissions -and ownership rights on the profile directory contents, on the Samba server. </para> - -<para> If you have problems creating user profiles, you can reset the user's local desktop cache, as -shown below. When this user next logs in, the user will be told that he/she is logging in <quote>for - the first time</quote>. - -<indexterm><primary>windows registry settings</primary><secondary>profile path</secondary></indexterm> - </para> - - -<orderedlist> - <listitem><para> - Instead of logging in under the [user, password, domain] dialog, press <guibutton>escape</guibutton>. - </para> </listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Run the <command>regedit.exe</command> program, and look in: - </para> - - <para> - <filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</filename> - </para> - - <para> - You will find an entry for each user of ProfilePath. Note the contents of this key - (likely to be <filename>c:\windows\profiles\username</filename>), then delete the key - <parameter>ProfilePath</parameter> for the required user. - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Exit the registry editor. - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Search for the user's .PWL password-caching file in the <filename>c:\windows</filename> directory, and delete it. - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Log off the Windows 9x/Me client. - </para></listitem> - - <listitem><para> - Check the contents of the profile path (see <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> - described above) and delete the <filename>user.DAT</filename> or <filename>user.MAN</filename> - file for the user, making a backup if required. - </para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<warning><para> -Before deleting the contents of the directory listed in the <parameter>ProfilePath</parameter> -(this is likely to be <filename>c:\windows\profiles\username)</filename>, ask the owner if they have -any important files stored on their desktop or in their start menu. Delete the contents of the -directory <parameter>ProfilePath</parameter> (making a backup if any of the files are needed). -</para> - -<para> -This will have the effect of removing the local (read-only hidden system file) <filename>user.DAT</filename> -in their profile directory, as well as the local <quote>desktop,</quote> <quote>nethood,</quote> -<quote>start menu,</quote> and <quote>programs</quote> folders. -</para></warning> - -<para> -If all else fails, increase Samba's debug log levels to between 3 and 10, and/or run a packet -sniffer program such as ethereal or <command>netmon.exe</command>, and look for error messages. -</para> - -<para> If you have access to an Windows NT4/200x server, then first set up roaming profiles and/or -netlogons on the Windows NT4/200x server. Make a packet trace, or examine the example packet traces -provided with Windows NT4/200x server, and see what the differences are with the equivalent Samba trace. -</para> - -</sect3> - -<sect3> -<title>Windows NT4 Workstation</title> - -<para> When a user first logs in to a Windows NT Workstation, the profile NTuser.DAT is created. The profile -location can be now specified through the <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> parameter. -</para> - -<para> There is a parameter that is now available for use with NT Profiles: <smbconfoption><name>logon drive</name></smbconfoption>. -This should be set to <filename>H:</filename> or any other drive, and should be used in conjunction with -the new <smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption> parameter. </para> - -<para> The entry for the NT4 profile is a directory not a file. The NT help on Profiles mentions that a -directory is also created with a .PDS extension. The user, while logging in, must have write permission -to create the full profile path (and the folder with the .PDS extension for those situations where it -might be created.) </para> - -<para> In the profile directory, Windows NT4 creates more folders than Windows 9x/Me. It creates -<filename>Application Data</filename> and others, as well as <filename>Desktop</filename>, -<filename>Nethood</filename>, <filename>Start Menu,</filename> and <filename>Programs</filename>. -The profile itself is stored in a file <filename>NTuser.DAT</filename>. Nothing appears to be stored -in the .PDS directory, and its purpose is currently unknown. </para> - -<para> You can use the <application>System Control Panel</application> to copy a local profile onto -a Samba server (see NT Help on Profiles; it is also capable of firing up the correct location in the -<application>System Control Panel</application> for you). The NT Help file also mentions that renaming -<filename>NTuser.DAT</filename> to <filename>NTuser.MAN</filename> turns a profile into a mandatory one. -</para> - -<para> The case of the profile is significant. The file must be called <filename>NTuser.DAT</filename> -or, for a mandatory profile, <filename>NTuser.MAN</filename>. </para> </sect3> - -<sect3> <title>Windows 2000/XP Professional</title> - -<para> You must first convert the profile from a local profile to a domain profile on the MS Windows -workstation as follows: </para> - -<procedure> - <step><para> Log on as the <emphasis>local</emphasis> workstation administrator. </para></step> - - <step><para> Right-click on the <guiicon>My Computer</guiicon> Icon, select - <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>.</para></step> - - <step><para> Click on the <guilabel>User Profiles</guilabel> tab.</para></step> - - <step><para> Select the profile you wish to convert (click it once).</para></step> - - <step><para> Click on the <guibutton>Copy To</guibutton> button.</para></step> - - <step><para> In the <guilabel>Permitted to use</guilabel> box, click on the - <guibutton>Change</guibutton> button. </para></step> - - <step><para> Click on the <guilabel>Look in</guilabel> area that lists the machine name. When you click here, it will - open up a selection box. Click on the domain to which the profile must be accessible. </para> - - <note><para>You will need to log on if a logon box opens up. - For example, connect as <replaceable>DOMAIN</replaceable>\root, password: - <replaceable>mypassword</replaceable>.</para></note></step> - - <step><para> To make the profile capable of being used by anyone, select <quote>Everyone</quote>. </para></step> - - <step><para> Click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton> and the Selection box will close. </para></step> - - <step><para> Now click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton> to create the profile in the path - you nominated. </para></step> -</procedure> - -<para> Done. You now have a profile that can be edited using the Samba <command>profiles</command> tool. -</para> - -<note><para> -Under Windows NT/200x, the use of mandatory profiles forces the use of MS Exchange storage of mail -data and keeps it out of the desktop profile. That keeps desktop profiles from becoming unusable. -</para></note> - -<sect4> -<title>Windows XP Service Pack 1</title> - <para> - There is a security check new to Windows XP (or maybe only Windows XP service pack 1). - It can be disabled via a group policy in the Active Directory. The policy is called: - </para> - - <para> - <filename>Computer Configuration\Administrative Templates\System\User Profiles\<?latex \linebreak ?>Do not check for - user ownership of Roaming Profile Folders</filename>i - </para> - - <para> - This should be set to <constant>Enabled</constant>. - </para> - - <para> - Does the new version of Samba have an Active Directory analogue? If so, then you may be able to set the policy through this. - </para> - - <para>If you cannot set group policies in Samba, then you may be able to set the policy locally on - each machine. If you want to try this, then do the following (N.B. I do not know for sure that this - will work in the same way as a domain group policy): - </para> - - -<procedure> - <step><para>On the XP workstation, log in with an Administrative account.</para></step> - - <step><para>Click on <guimenu>Start</guimenu> -> <guimenuitem>Run</guimenuitem>.</para></step> - <step><para>Type <command>mmc</command>.</para></step> - <step><para>Click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para></step> - <step><para>A Microsoft Management Console should appear.</para></step> - <step><para>Click on <guimenu>File</guimenu> -> <guimenuitem>Add/Remove Snap-in</guimenuitem> -> <guimenuitem>Add</guimenuitem>.</para></step> - <step><para>Double-click on <guiicon>Group Policy</guiicon>.</para></step> - <step><para>Click on <guibutton>Finish</guibutton> -> <guibutton>Close</guibutton>.</para></step> - <step><para>Click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para></step> - <step><para>In the <quote>Console Root</quote> window expand <guiicon>Local Computer Policy</guiicon> -> - <guiicon>Computer Configuration</guiicon> -> <guiicon>Administrative Templates</guiicon> -> <guiicon>System</guiicon> -> <guiicon>User Profiles</guiicon>.</para></step> - <step><para>Double-click on <guilabel>Do not check for user ownership of Roaming Profile Folders</guilabel>.</para></step> - <step><para>Select <guilabel>Enabled</guilabel>.</para></step> - <step><para>Click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para></step> - <step><para>Close the whole console. You do not need to save the settings (this refers to the - console settings rather than the policies you have changed).</para></step> - <step><para>Reboot.</para></step> -</procedure> -</sect4> -</sect3> -</sect2> - -<sect2> - <title>Sharing Profiles between W9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP <?latex \linebreak ?>Workstations</title> - -<para> Sharing of desktop profiles between Windows versions is not recommended. Desktop profiles are an -evolving phenomenon and profiles for later versions of MS Windows clients add features that may interfere -with earlier versions of MS Windows clients. Probably the more salient reason to not mix profiles is -that when logging off an earlier version of MS Windows, the older format of profile contents may overwrite -information that belongs to the newer version resulting in loss of profile information content when that -user logs on again with the newer version of MS Windows. </para> - -<para> If you then want to share the same Start Menu/Desktop with W9x/Me, you will need to specify a common -location for the profiles. The &smb.conf; parameters that need to be common are <smbconfoption><name>logon path</name></smbconfoption> and <smbconfoption><name>logon home</name></smbconfoption>. </para> - -<para> If you have this set up correctly, you will find separate <filename>user.DAT</filename> and -<filename>NTuser.DAT</filename> files in the same profile directory. </para> - -</sect2> - -<sect2> -<title>Profile Migration from Windows NT4/200x Server to Samba</title> - -<para> There is nothing to stop you from specifying any path that you like for the location of users' profiles. -Therefore, you could specify that the profile be stored on a Samba server, or any other SMB server, -as long as that SMB server supports encrypted passwords. </para> - -<sect3> -<title>Windows NT4 Profile Management Tools</title> - -<para> Unfortunately, the Resource Kit information is specific to the version of MS Windows NT4/200x. The -correct resource kit is required for each platform. </para> - -<para>Here is a quick guide:</para> - -<procedure> - <step><para> On your NT4 Domain Controller, right click on <guiicon>My Computer</guiicon>, then select the - tab labeled <guilabel>User Profiles</guilabel>. </para></step> - - <step><para> Select a user profile you want to migrate and click on it. </para> - - <note><para>I am using the term <quote>migrate</quote> loosely. You can copy a profile to create a group - profile. You can give the user <parameter>Everyone</parameter> rights to the profile you copy this to. That - is what you need to do, since your Samba domain is not a member of a trust relationship with your NT4 - PDC.</para></note></step> - - <step><para>Click on the <guibutton>Copy To</guibutton> button.</para></step> - - <step><para>In the box labeled <guilabel>Copy Profile to</guilabel> add your new path, e.g., - <filename>c:\temp\foobar</filename></para></step> - - <step><para>Click on <guibutton>Change</guibutton> in the <guilabel>Permitted to use</guilabel> box.</para></step> - - <step><para>Click on the group <quote>Everyone</quote>, click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>. This - closes the <quote>choose user</quote> box.</para></step> - - <step><para>Now click on <guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para></step> -</procedure> - -<para> Follow the above for every profile you need to migrate. </para> - -</sect3> - -<sect3> -<title>Side Bar Notes</title> - - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>SID</primary></indexterm> -You should obtain the SID of your NT4 domain. You can use smbpasswd to do this. Read the man -page.</para> - -</sect3> - -<sect3> <title>moveuser.exe</title> - -<para> The Windows 200x professional resource kit has <command>moveuser.exe</command>. <command>moveuser.exe</command> changes the security of a profile -from one user to another. This allows the account domain to change, and/or the user name to change.</para> - -<para> -This command is like the Samba <command>profiles</command> tool. -</para> - -</sect3> - -<sect3> -<title>Get SID</title> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>SID</primary></indexterm> -You can identify the SID by using <command>GetSID.exe</command> from the Windows NT Server 4.0 Resource Kit. </para> - -<para> Windows NT 4.0 stores the local profile information in the registry under the following key: -<filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</filename> </para> - -<para> Under the ProfileList key, there will be subkeys named with the SIDs of the users who have logged -on to this computer. (To find the profile information for the user whose locally cached profile you want -to move, find the SID for the user with the <command>GetSID.exe</command> utility.) Inside the appropriate user's subkey, -you will see a string value named <parameter>ProfileImagePath</parameter>. </para> - -</sect3> </sect2> </sect1> - -<sect1> <title>Mandatory Profiles</title> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>mandatory profiles</primary></indexterm> -A Mandatory Profile is a profile that the user does not have the ability to overwrite. During the -user's session, it may be possible to change the desktop environment, however, as the user logs out all changes -made will be lost. If it is desired to not allow the user any ability to change the desktop environment, -then this must be done through policy settings. See the previous chapter. </para> - -<note><para> -Under NO circumstances should the profile directory (or its contents) be made read-only -as this may render the profile un-usable. Where it is essential to make a profile read-only -within the UNIX file system, this can be done but then you absolutely must use the <command>fake-permissions</command> -VFS module to instruct MS Windows NT/200x/XP clients that the Profile has write permission for the user. See <link linkend="fakeperms"/>. -</para></note> - -<para> For MS Windows NT4/200x/XP, the above method can also be used to create mandatory profiles. To -convert a group profile into a mandatory profile, simply locate the <filename>NTUser.DAT</filename> file in the copied profile -and rename it to <filename>NTUser.MAN</filename>. </para> - -<para> For MS Windows 9x/ME, it is the <filename>User.DAT</filename> file that must be renamed to -<filename>User.MAN</filename> to effect a mandatory profile. </para> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Creating and Managing Group Profiles</title> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>group profiles</primary></indexterm> -Most organizations are arranged into departments. There is a nice benefit in this fact since usually -most users in a department require the same desktop applications and the same desktop layout. MS -Windows NT4/200x/XP will allow the use of Group Profiles. A Group Profile is a profile that is created -first using a template (example) user. Then using the profile migration tool (see above), the profile is -assigned access rights for the user group that needs to be given access to the group profile. </para> - -<para> The next step is rather important. Instead of assigning a group profile to users (Using User Manager) -on a <quote>per user</quote> basis, the group itself is assigned the now modified profile. </para> - -<note> -<para> Be careful with Group Profiles. If the user who is a member of a group also has a personal -profile, then the result will be a fusion (merge) of the two. </para> -</note> - -</sect1> - -<sect1> -<title>Default Profile for Windows Users</title> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>default profile</primary></indexterm> -MS Windows 9x/Me and NT4/200x/XP will use a default profile for any user for whom a profile -does not already exist. Armed with a knowledge of where the default profile is located on the Windows -workstation, and knowing which registry keys effect the path from which the default profile is created, -it is possible to modify the default profile to one that has been optimized for the site. This has -significant administrative advantages. </para> - -<sect2> -<title>MS Windows 9x/Me</title> - -<para> To enable default per use profiles in Windows 9x/ME, you can either use the <application>Windows -98 System Policy Editor</application> or change the registry directly. </para> - -<para> To enable default per user profiles in Windows 9x/ME, launch the <application>System Policy -Editor</application>, then select <guimenu>File</guimenu> -> <guimenuitem>Open Registry</guimenuitem>, -next click on the <guiicon>Local Computer</guiicon> icon, click on <guilabel>Windows 98 System</guilabel>, -select <guilabel>User Profiles</guilabel>, and click on the enable box. Remember to save the registry -changes. </para> - -<para> To modify the registry directly, launch the <application>Registry Editor</application> -(<command>regedit.exe</command>) and select the hive <filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Network\Logon</filename>. Now -add a DWORD type key with the name <quote>User Profiles,</quote> to -enable user profiles to set the value -to 1; to disable user profiles set it to 0. </para> - -<sect3> -<title>User Profile Handling with Windows 9x/Me</title> - -<para> When a user logs on to a Windows 9x/Me machine, the local profile path, -<filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</filename>, is checked -for an existing entry for that user. </para> - -<para> If the user has an entry in this registry location, Windows 9x/Me checks for a locally cached -version of the user profile. Windows 9x/Me also checks the user's home directory (or other specified -directory if the location has been modified) on the server for the User Profile. If a profile exists -in both locations, the newer of the two is used. If the User Profile exists on the server, but does not -exist on the local machine, the profile on the server is downloaded and used. If the User Profile only -exists on the local machine, that copy is used. </para> - -<para> If a User Profile is not found in either location, the Default User Profile from the Windows -9x/Me machine is used and copied to a newly created folder for the logged on user. At log off, any -changes that the user made are written to the user's local profile. If the user has a roaming profile, -the changes are written to the user's profile on the server. </para> - -</sect3> </sect2> - -<sect2> -<title>MS Windows NT4 Workstation</title> - -<para> On MS Windows NT4, the default user profile is obtained from the location -<filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles</filename> which in a default installation will translate to -<filename>C:\Windows NT\Profiles</filename>. Under this directory on a clean install there will be three -(3) directories: <filename>Administrator</filename>, <filename>All -Users,</filename> and <filename>Default -User</filename>. </para> - -<para> The <filename>All Users</filename> directory contains menu settings that are common across all -system users. The <filename>Default User</filename> directory contains menu entries that are customizable -per user depending on the profile settings chosen/created. </para> - -<para> When a new user first logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine, a new profile is created from: </para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>All Users settings.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Default User settings (contains the default <filename>NTUser.DAT</filename> file).</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para> When a user logs onto an MS Windows NT4 machine that is a member of a Microsoft security domain, - the following steps are followed in respect of profile handling: - -<indexterm><primary>NTConfig.POL</primary></indexterm> -</para> - - -<procedure> - <step> <para> The users' account information that is obtained during the logon process - contains the location of the users' desktop profile. The profile path may be local to - the machine or it may be located on a network share. If there exists a profile at the - location of the path from the user account, then this profile is copied to the location - <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename>. This profile then inherits the settings - in the <filename>All Users</filename> profile in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles</filename> - location. </para> </step> - - <step> <para> If the user account has a profile path, but at its location a profile does not - exist, then a new profile is created in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename> - directory from reading the <filename>Default User</filename> profile. </para> </step> - - <step> <para> If the NETLOGON share on the authenticating server (logon server) contains - a policy file (<filename>NTConfig.POL</filename>), then its contents are applied to the - <filename>NTUser.DAT</filename> which is applied to the <filename>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</filename> - part of the registry. - </para> </step> - - <step> <para> When the user logs out, if the profile is set to be a roaming profile it will be - written out to the location of the profile. The <filename>NTuser.DAT</filename> file is then - recreated from the contents of the <filename>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</filename> contents. Thus, - should there not exist in the NETLOGON share an <filename>NTConfig.POL</filename> at the next - logon, the effect of the previous <filename>NTConfig.POL</filename> will still be held in the - profile. The effect of this is known as tattooing. - </para> </step> -</procedure> - -<para> MS Windows NT4 profiles may be <emphasis>local</emphasis> or <emphasis>roaming</emphasis>. A local -profile will stored in the <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename> location. A roaming -profile will also remain stored in the same way, unless the following registry key is created as shown: </para> - -<para><screen> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ -winlogon\"DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:0000000 - </screen> -In this case, the local copy (in <filename>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\%USERNAME%</filename>) will be deleted -on logout.</para> - -<para> Under MS Windows NT4, default locations for common resources like <filename>My Documents</filename> -may be redirected to a network share by modifying the following registry keys. These changes may be -affected via use of the System Policy Editor. To do so may require that you create your own template -extension for the policy editor to allow this to be done through the GUI. Another way to do this is by -way of first creating a default user profile, then while logged in as that user, run <command>regedt32</command> to edit -the key settings. </para> - -<para> -The Registry Hive key that affects the behavior of folders that are part of the default user -profile are controlled by entries on Windows NT4 is: -<screen> -HKEY_CURRENT_USER - \Software - \Microsoft - \Windows - \CurrentVersion - \Explorer - \User Shell Folders -</screen> -<indexterm><primary>windows registry settings</primary><secondary>default profile locations</secondary></indexterm> -</para> - -<para> The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are shown in <link linkend="ProfileLocs"/>. </para> - -<table frame="all" id="ProfileLocs"> - <title>User Shell Folder Registry Keys Default Values</title> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <colspec align="left"/> - <colspec align="left"/> - <thead> - <row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Default Value</entry></row> - </thead> - <tbody> - <row><entry>AppData</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Application Data</entry></row> - <row><entry>Desktop</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Desktop</entry></row> - <row><entry>Favorites</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Favorites</entry></row> - <row><entry>NetHood</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\NetHood</entry></row> - <row><entry>PrintHood</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\PrintHood</entry></row> - <row><entry>Programs</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs</entry></row> - <row><entry>Recent</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Recent</entry></row> - <row><entry>SendTo</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\SendTo</entry></row> - <row><entry>Start Menu </entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu</entry></row> - <row><entry>Startup</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</entry></row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> -</table> - -<para> The registry key that contains the location of the default profile settings is: </para> - -<para> <filename>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\<?latex \linebreak ?> -User Shell Folders</filename> </para> - -<para> The default entries are shown in <link linkend="regkeys"/>.</para> - -<table frame="all" id="regkeys"> - <title>Defaults of Profile Settings Registry Keys</title> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <colspec align="left"/> - <colspec align="left"/> - <tbody> - <row><entry>Common Desktop</entry><entry>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Desktop</entry></row> - <row><entry>Common Programs</entry><entry>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Programs</entry></row> - <row><entry>Common Start Menu</entry><entry>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu</entry></row> - <row><entry>Common Startup</entry><entry>%SystemRoot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</entry></row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> -</table> - -</sect2> - -<sect2> <title>MS Windows 200x/XP</title> - -<note><para> -<indexterm><primary>GPOs</primary></indexterm> -MS Windows XP Home Edition does use default per user profiles, but cannot participate -in domain security, cannot log onto an NT/ADS-style domain, and thus can obtain the profile only -from itself. While there are benefits in doing this, the beauty of those MS Windows clients that -can participate in domain logon processes allows the administrator to create a global default -profile and enforce it through the use of Group Policy Objects (GPOs). -</para></note> - -<para> When a new user first logs onto an MS Windows 200x/XP machine, the default profile is obtained from -<filename>C:\Documents and Settings\Default User</filename>. The administrator can modify or change the -contents of this location and MS Windows 200x/XP will gladly use it. This is far from the optimum arrangement -since it will involve copying a new default profile to every MS Windows 200x/XP client workstation. </para> - -<para> When MS Windows 200x/XP participates in a domain security context, and if the default user profile is - not found, then the client will search for a default profile in the NETLOGON share of the authenticating - server. In MS Windows parlance,<?latex \linebreak ?><filename>%LOGONSERVER%\NETLOGON\Default User,</filename> and if one -exists there it will copy this to the workstation to the <filename>C:\Documents and Settings\</filename> -under the Windows login name of the user. </para> - -<note><para> This path translates, in Samba parlance, to the &smb.conf; -<smbconfsection>[NETLOGON]</smbconfsection> share. The directory should be created at the root -of this share and must be called <filename>Default Profile</filename>. </para> </note> - -<para> If a default profile does not exist in this location, then MS Windows 200x/XP will use the local -default profile. </para> - -<para> On logging out, the users' desktop profile will be stored to the location specified in the registry -settings that pertain to the user. If no specific policies have been created or passed to the client -during the login process (as Samba does automatically), then the user's profile will be written to the -local machine only under the path <filename>C:\Documents and Settings\%USERNAME%</filename>. </para> - -<para> Those wishing to modify the default behavior can do so through these three methods: </para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem> <para> Modify the registry keys on the local machine manually and place the new - default profile in the NETLOGON share root. This is not recommended as it is maintenance intensive. - </para> </listitem> - - <listitem> <para> Create an NT4-style NTConfig.POL file that specified this behavior and locate - this file in the root of the NETLOGON share along with the new default profile. </para> </listitem> - - <listitem> <para> Create a GPO that enforces this through Active Directory, and place the new - default profile in the NETLOGON share. </para> </listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para>The registry hive key that effects the behavior of folders that are part of the default user -profile are controlled by entries on Windows 200x/XP is: </para> - -<para> <filename>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell -Folders\</filename> </para> - -<para> -The above hive key contains a list of automatically managed folders. The default entries are shown -in <link linkend="defregpthkeys"/> -<indexterm><primary>windows registry settings</primary><secondary>default profile locations</secondary></indexterm> -</para> - - -<table frame="all" id="defregpthkeys"> - <title>Defaults of Default User Profile Paths Registry Keys</title> - <tgroup cols="2"> - <colspec align="left"/> - <colspec align="left"/> - <thead> - <row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Default Value</entry></row> - </thead> - <tbody> - <row><entry>AppData</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Application Data</entry></row> - <row><entry>Cache</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files</entry></row> - <row><entry>Cookies</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Cookies</entry></row> - <row><entry>Desktop</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Desktop</entry></row> - <row><entry>Favorites</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Favorites</entry></row> - <row><entry>History</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\History</entry></row> - <row><entry>Local AppData</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings\Application Data</entry></row> - <row><entry>Local Settings</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Local Settings</entry></row> - <row><entry>My Pictures</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\My Documents\My Pictures</entry></row> - <row><entry>NetHood</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\NetHood</entry></row> - <row><entry>Personal</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\My Documents</entry></row> - <row><entry>PrintHood</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\PrintHood</entry></row> - <row><entry>Programs</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs</entry></row> - <row><entry>Recent</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Recent</entry></row> - <row><entry>SendTo</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\SendTo</entry></row> - <row><entry>Start Menu</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu</entry></row> - <row><entry>Startup</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup</entry></row> - <row><entry>Templates</entry><entry>%USERPROFILE%\Templates</entry></row> - </tbody> - </tgroup> -</table> - -<para> There is also an entry called <quote>Default</quote> that has no value set. The default entry is -of type <constant>REG_SZ</constant>, all the others are of type <constant>REG_EXPAND_SZ</constant>. </para> - -<para> It makes a huge difference to the speed of handling roaming user profiles if all the folders are -stored on a dedicated location on a network server. This means that it will not be necessary to write -the Outlook PST file over the network for every login and logout. </para> - -<para> To set this to a network location, you could use the following examples: </para> - -<para><filename>%LOGONSERVER%\%USERNAME%\Default Folders</filename></para> - -<para> This would store the folders in the user's home directory under a directory called <filename>Default -Folders</filename>. You could also use: </para> - -<para><filename>\\<replaceable>SambaServer</replaceable>\<replaceable>FolderShare</replaceable>\%USERNAME%</filename></para> - -<para> -in which case the default folders will be stored in the server named <replaceable>SambaServer</replaceable> -in the share called <replaceable>FolderShare</replaceable> under a directory that has the name of the -MS Windows user as seen by the Linux/UNIX file system. </para> - -<para> Please note that once you have created a default profile share, you MUST migrate a user's profile -(default or custom) to it. </para> - -<para> MS Windows 200x/XP profiles may be <emphasis>Local</emphasis> or <emphasis>Roaming</emphasis>. - A roaming profile will be cached locally unless the following registry key is created: - -<indexterm><primary>delete roaming profiles</primary></indexterm> -</para> - - -<para> <programlisting> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ - winlogon\"DeleteRoamingCache"=dword:00000001</programlisting></para> - -<para> -In this case, the local cache copy will be deleted on logout. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - -<sect1> <title>Common Errors</title> - -<para> -The following are some typical errors, problems and questions that have been asked on the Samba mailing lists. -</para> - -<sect2> -<title>Configuring Roaming Profiles for a Few Users or Groups</title> - -<para> -With Samba-2.2.x, the choice you have is to enable or disable roaming profiles support. It is a -global only setting. The default is to have roaming profiles and the default path will locate them in -the user's home directory. -</para> - -<para> -If disabled globally, then no one will have roaming profile ability. If enabled and you want it -to apply only to certain machines, then on those machines on which roaming profile support is not wanted -it is then necessary to disable roaming profile handling in the registry of each such machine. -</para> - -<para> -With Samba-3, you can have a global profile setting in &smb.conf; and you can override this by -per-user settings using the Domain User Manager (as with MS Windows NT4/ Win 200xx). </para> - -<para> In any case, you can configure only one profile per user. That profile can be either: </para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>A profile unique to that user.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>A mandatory profile (one the user cannot change).</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>A group profile (really should be mandatory, that is unchangable).</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -</sect2> - -<sect2> <title>Cannot Use Roaming Profiles</title> - -<para> A user requested the following: <quote> I do not want Roaming profiles to be implemented. I want -to give users a local profile alone. Please help me, I am totally lost with this error. For the past -two days I tried everything, I googled around but found no useful pointers. Please help me. </quote></para> - -<para> The choices are: </para> - -<variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>Local profiles</term> <listitem><para> I know of no registry keys that will allow - auto-deletion of LOCAL profiles on log out.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>Roaming profiles</term> <listitem><para> As a user logs onto the network, a centrally - stored profile is copied to the workstation to form a local profile. This local profile - will persist (remain on the workstation disk) unless a registry key is changed that will - cause this profile to be automatically deleted on logout. </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para>The roaming profile choices are: </para> - -<variablelist> - <varlistentry> - <term>Personal roaming profiles</term> <listitem><para> These are typically stored in - a profile share on a central (or conveniently located local) server. </para> - - <para> Workstations cache (store) a local copy of the profile. This cached - copy is used when the profile cannot be downloaded at next logon. </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>Group profiles</term> <listitem><para>These are loaded from a central profile - server.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry> - <term>Mandatory profiles</term> <listitem><para> Mandatory profiles can be created for - a user as well as for any group that a user is a member of. Mandatory profiles cannot be - changed by ordinary users. Only the administrator can change or reconfigure a mandatory - profile. </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para> A Windows NT4/200x/XP profile can vary in size from 130KB to very large. Outlook PST files are -most often part of the profile and can be many GB in size. On average (in a well controlled environment), -roaming profile size of 2MB is a good rule of thumb to use for planning purposes. In an undisciplined -environment, I have seen up to 2GB profiles. Users tend to complain when it takes an hour to log onto a -workstation but they harvest the fruits of folly (and ignorance). </para> - -<para> The point of all the above is to show that roaming profiles and good controls of how they can be -changed as well as good discipline make up for a problem-free site. </para> - -<para> Microsoft's answer to the PST problem is to store all email in an MS Exchange Server backend. This -removes the need for a PST file. </para> - -<para>Local profiles mean: </para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>If each machine is used by many users, then much local disk storage is needed - for local profiles.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>Every workstation the user logs into has - its own profile; these can be very different from machine to machine.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para> On the other hand, use of roaming profiles means: </para> - -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>The network administrator can control the desktop environment of all users.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Use of mandatory profiles drastically reduces network management overheads.</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>In the long run, users will experience fewer problems.</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -</sect2> - -<sect2> -<title>Changing the Default Profile</title> - -<para><quote>When the client logs onto the Domain Controller, it searches -for a profile to download. Where do I put this default profile?</quote></para> - -<para> -<indexterm><primary>default profile</primary></indexterm> -First, the Samba server needs to be configured as a Domain Controller. This can be done by -setting in &smb.conf;: </para> - -<smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>security</name><value>user</value></smbconfoption> -<smbconfoption><name>os level</name><value>32 (or more)</value></smbconfoption> -<smbconfoption><name>domain logons</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption> -</smbconfblock> - -<para> There must be a <smbconfsection>[netlogon]</smbconfsection> share that is world readable. It is -a good idea to add a logon script to pre-set printer and drive connections. There is also a facility -for automatically synchronizing the workstation time clock with that of the logon server (another good -thing to do). </para> - -<note><para> To invoke auto-deletion of roaming profile from the local workstation cache (disk storage), use -the <application>Group Policy Editor</application> to create a file called <filename>NTConfig.POL</filename> -with the appropriate entries. This file needs to be located in the <smbconfsection>netlogon</smbconfsection> -share root directory.</para></note> - -<para> Windows clients need to be members of the domain. Workgroup machines do not use network logons -so they do not interoperate with domain profiles. </para> - -<para> For roaming profiles, add to &smb.conf;: </para> - -<smbconfblock> -<smbconfoption><name>logon path</name><value>\\%N\profiles\%U</value></smbconfoption> -<smbconfcomment>Default logon drive is Z:</smbconfcomment> -<smbconfoption><name>logon drive</name><value>H:</value></smbconfoption> -<smbconfcomment>This requires a PROFILES share that is world writable.</smbconfcomment> -</smbconfblock> - -</sect2> -</sect1> -</chapter> |