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| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docbook/projdoc/Bugs.sgml | 202 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docbook/projdoc/Diagnosis.sgml | 509 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docbook/projdoc/Printing.sgml | 398 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docbook/projdoc/Speed.sgml | 578 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docbook/projdoc/security_level.sgml | 140 |
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diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a463ea786b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Browsing.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,800 @@ +<chapter id="improved-browsing"> +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Samba Team</orgname> + </affiliation> + </author> + + + <pubdate> (5 July 1998) </pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Improved browsing in samba</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Overview of browsing</title> + +<para> +SMB networking provides a mechanism by which clients can access a list +of machines in a network, a so-called "browse list". This list +contains machines that are ready to offer file and/or print services +to other machines within the network. Thus it does not include +machines which aren't currently able to do server tasks. The browse +list is heavily used by all SMB clients. Configuration of SMB +browsing has been problematic for some Samba users, hence this +document. +</para> + +<para> +Browsing will NOT work if name resolution from NetBIOS names to IP +addresses does not function correctly. Use of a WINS server is highly +recommended to aid the resolution of NetBIOS (SMB) names to IP addresses. +WINS allows remote segment clients to obtain NetBIOS name_type information +that can NOT be provided by any other means of name resolution. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Browsing support in samba</title> + +<para> +Samba now fully supports browsing. The browsing is supported by nmbd +and is also controlled by options in the smb.conf file (see smb.conf(5)). +</para> + +<para> +Samba can act as a local browse master for a workgroup and the ability +for samba to support domain logons and scripts is now available. See +DOMAIN.txt for more information on domain logons. +</para> + +<para> +Samba can also act as a domain master browser for a workgroup. This +means that it will collate lists from local browse masters into a +wide area network server list. In order for browse clients to +resolve the names they may find in this list, it is recommended that +both samba and your clients use a WINS server. +</para> + +<para> +Note that you should NOT set Samba to be the domain master for a +workgroup that has the same name as an NT Domain: on each wide area +network, you must only ever have one domain master browser per workgroup, +regardless of whether it is NT, Samba or any other type of domain master +that is providing this service. +</para> + +<para> +[Note that nmbd can be configured as a WINS server, but it is not +necessary to specifically use samba as your WINS server. NTAS can +be configured as your WINS server. In a mixed NT server and +samba environment on a Wide Area Network, it is recommended that +you use the NT server's WINS server capabilities. In a samba-only +environment, it is recommended that you use one and only one nmbd +as your WINS server]. +</para> + +<para> +To get browsing to work you need to run nmbd as usual, but will need +to use the "workgroup" option in smb.conf to control what workgroup +Samba becomes a part of. +</para> + +<para> +Samba also has a useful option for a Samba server to offer itself for +browsing on another subnet. It is recommended that this option is only +used for 'unusual' purposes: announcements over the internet, for +example. See "remote announce" in the smb.conf man page. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Problem resolution</title> + +<para> +If something doesn't work then hopefully the log.nmb file will help +you track down the problem. Try a debug level of 2 or 3 for finding +problems. Also note that the current browse list usually gets stored +in text form in a file called browse.dat. +</para> + +<para> +Note that if it doesn't work for you, then you should still be able to +type the server name as \\SERVER in filemanager then hit enter and +filemanager should display the list of available shares. +</para> + +<para> +Some people find browsing fails because they don't have the global +"guest account" set to a valid account. Remember that the IPC$ +connection that lists the shares is done as guest, and thus you must +have a valid guest account. +</para> + +<para> +Also, a lot of people are getting bitten by the problem of too many +parameters on the command line of nmbd in inetd.conf. This trick is to +not use spaces between the option and the parameter (eg: -d2 instead +of -d 2), and to not use the -B and -N options. New versions of nmbd +are now far more likely to correctly find your broadcast and network +address, so in most cases these aren't needed. +</para> + +<para> +The other big problem people have is that their broadcast address, +netmask or IP address is wrong (specified with the "interfaces" option +in smb.conf) +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Browsing across subnets</title> +<para> +With the release of Samba 1.9.17(alpha1 and above) Samba has been +updated to enable it to support the replication of browse lists +across subnet boundaries. New code and options have been added to +achieve this. This section describes how to set this feature up +in different settings. +</para> + +<para> +To see browse lists that span TCP/IP subnets (ie. networks separated +by routers that don't pass broadcast traffic) you must set up at least +one WINS server. The WINS server acts as a DNS for NetBIOS names, allowing +NetBIOS name to IP address translation to be done by doing a direct +query of the WINS server. This is done via a directed UDP packet on +port 137 to the WINS server machine. The reason for a WINS server is +that by default, all NetBIOS name to IP address translation is done +by broadcasts from the querying machine. This means that machines +on one subnet will not be able to resolve the names of machines on +another subnet without using a WINS server. +</para> + +<para> +Remember, for browsing across subnets to work correctly, all machines, +be they Windows 95, Windows NT, or Samba servers must have the IP address +of a WINS server given to them by a DHCP server, or by manual configuration +(for Win95 and WinNT, this is in the TCP/IP Properties, under Network +settings) for Samba this is in the smb.conf file. +</para> + +<sect2> +<title>How does cross subnet browsing work ?</title> + +<para> +Cross subnet browsing is a complicated dance, containing multiple +moving parts. It has taken Microsoft several years to get the code +that achieves this correct, and Samba lags behind in some areas. +However, with the 1.9.17 release, Samba is capable of cross subnet +browsing when configured correctly. +</para> + +<para> +Consider a network set up as follows : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + (DMB) + N1_A N1_B N1_C N1_D N1_E + | | | | | + ------------------------------------------------------- + | subnet 1 | + +---+ +---+ + |R1 | Router 1 Router 2 |R2 | + +---+ +---+ + | | + | subnet 2 subnet 3 | + -------------------------- ------------------------------------ + | | | | | | | | + N2_A N2_B N2_C N2_D N3_A N3_B N3_C N3_D + (WINS) +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +Consisting of 3 subnets (1, 2, 3) connected by two routers +(R1, R2) - these do not pass broadcasts. Subnet 1 has 5 machines +on it, subnet 2 has 4 machines, subnet 3 has 4 machines. Assume +for the moment that all these machines are configured to be in the +same workgroup (for simplicities sake). Machine N1_C on subnet 1 +is configured as Domain Master Browser (ie. it will collate the +browse lists for the workgroup). Machine N2_D is configured as +WINS server and all the other machines are configured to register +their NetBIOS names with it. +</para> + +<para> +As all these machines are booted up, elections for master browsers +will take place on each of the three subnets. Assume that machine +N1_C wins on subnet 1, N2_B wins on subnet 2, and N3_D wins on +subnet 3 - these machines are known as local master browsers for +their particular subnet. N1_C has an advantage in winning as the +local master browser on subnet 1 as it is set up as Domain Master +Browser. +</para> + +<para> +On each of the three networks, machines that are configured to +offer sharing services will broadcast that they are offering +these services. The local master browser on each subnet will +receive these broadcasts and keep a record of the fact that +the machine is offering a service. This list of records is +the basis of the browse list. For this case, assume that +all the machines are configured to offer services so all machines +will be on the browse list. +</para> + +<para> +For each network, the local master browser on that network is +considered 'authoritative' for all the names it receives via +local broadcast. This is because a machine seen by the local +master browser via a local broadcast must be on the same +network as the local master browser and thus is a 'trusted' +and 'verifiable' resource. Machines on other networks that +the local master browsers learn about when collating their +browse lists have not been directly seen - these records are +called 'non-authoritative'. +</para> + +<para> +At this point the browse lists look as follows (these are +the machines you would see in your network neighborhood if +you looked in it on a particular network right now). +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> +Subnet Browse Master List +------ ------------- ---- +Subnet1 N1_C N1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E + +Subnet2 N2_B N2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D + +Subnet3 N3_D N3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +Note that at this point all the subnets are separate, no +machine is seen across any of the subnets. +</para> + +<para> +Now examine subnet 2. As soon as N2_B has become the local +master browser it looks for a Domain master browser to synchronize +its browse list with. It does this by querying the WINS server +(N2_D) for the IP address associated with the NetBIOS name +WORKGROUP>1B<. This name was registerd by the Domain master +browser (N1_C) with the WINS server as soon as it was booted. +</para> + +<para> +Once N2_B knows the address of the Domain master browser it +tells it that is the local master browser for subnet 2 by +sending a MasterAnnouncement packet as a UDP port 138 packet. +It then synchronizes with it by doing a NetServerEnum2 call. This +tells the Domain Master Browser to send it all the server +names it knows about. Once the domain master browser receives +the MasterAnnouncement packet it schedules a synchronization +request to the sender of that packet. After both synchronizations +are done the browse lists look like : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> +Subnet Browse Master List +------ ------------- ---- +Subnet1 N1_C N1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, + N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) + +Subnet2 N2_B N2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D + N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*) + +Subnet3 N3_D N3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D + +Servers with a (*) after them are non-authoritative names. +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +At this point users looking in their network neighborhood on +subnets 1 or 2 will see all the servers on both, users on +subnet 3 will still only see the servers on their own subnet. +</para> + +<para> +The same sequence of events that occured for N2_B now occurs +for the local master browser on subnet 3 (N3_D). When it +synchronizes browse lists with the domain master browser (N1_A) +it gets both the server entries on subnet 1, and those on +subnet 2. After N3_D has synchronized with N1_C and vica-versa +the browse lists look like. +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> +Subnet Browse Master List +------ ------------- ---- +Subnet1 N1_C N1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, + N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*), + N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) + +Subnet2 N2_B N2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D + N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*) + +Subnet3 N3_D N3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D + N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), + N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) + +Servers with a (*) after them are non-authoritative names. +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +At this point users looking in their network neighborhood on +subnets 1 or 3 will see all the servers on all sunbets, users on +subnet 2 will still only see the servers on subnets 1 and 2, but not 3. +</para> + +<para> +Finally, the local master browser for subnet 2 (N2_B) will sync again +with the domain master browser (N1_C) and will recieve the missing +server entries. Finally - and as a steady state (if no machines +are removed or shut off) the browse lists will look like : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> +Subnet Browse Master List +------ ------------- ---- +Subnet1 N1_C N1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, + N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*), + N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) + +Subnet2 N2_B N2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D + N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*) + N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) + +Subnet3 N3_D N3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D + N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), + N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) + +Servers with a (*) after them are non-authoritative names. +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +Synchronizations between the domain master browser and local +master browsers will continue to occur, but this should be a +steady state situation. +</para> + +<para> +If either router R1 or R2 fails the following will occur: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem> + <para> + Names of computers on each side of the inaccessible network fragments + will be maintained for as long as 36 minutes, in the network neighbourhood + lists. + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + Attempts to connect to these inaccessible computers will fail, but the + names will not be removed from the network neighbourhood lists. + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + If one of the fragments is cut off from the WINS server, it will only + be able to access servers on its local subnet, by using subnet-isolated + broadcast NetBIOS name resolution. The effects are similar to that of + losing access to a DNS server. + </para> +</listitem> +</orderedlist> +</sect2> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up a WINS server</title> + +<para> +Either a Samba machine or a Windows NT Server machine may be set up +as a WINS server. To set a Samba machine to be a WINS server you must +add the following option to the smb.conf file on the selected machine : +in the [globals] section add the line +</para> + +<para> +<command> wins support = yes</command> +</para> + +<para> +Versions of Samba previous to 1.9.17 had this parameter default to +yes. If you have any older versions of Samba on your network it is +strongly suggested you upgrade to 1.9.17 or above, or at the very +least set the parameter to 'no' on all these machines. +</para> + +<para> +Machines with "<command>wins support = yes</command>" will keep a list of +all NetBIOS names registered with them, acting as a DNS for NetBIOS names. +</para> + +<para> +You should set up only ONE wins server. Do NOT set the +"<command>wins support = yes</command>" option on more than one Samba +server. +</para> + +<para> +To set up a Windows NT Server as a WINS server you need to set up +the WINS service - see your NT documentation for details. Note that +Windows NT WINS Servers can replicate to each other, allowing more +than one to be set up in a complex subnet environment. As Microsoft +refuse to document these replication protocols Samba cannot currently +participate in these replications. It is possible in the future that +a Samba->Samba WINS replication protocol may be defined, in which +case more than one Samba machine could be set up as a WINS server +but currently only one Samba server should have the "wins support = yes" +parameter set. +</para> + +<para> +After the WINS server has been configured you must ensure that all +machines participating on the network are configured with the address +of this WINS server. If your WINS server is a Samba machine, fill in +the Samba machine IP address in the "Primary WINS Server" field of +the "Control Panel->Network->Protocols->TCP->WINS Server" dialogs +in Windows 95 or Windows NT. To tell a Samba server the IP address +of the WINS server add the following line to the [global] section of +all smb.conf files : +</para> + +<para> +<command> wins server = >name or IP address<</command> +</para> + +<para> +where >name or IP address< is either the DNS name of the WINS server +machine or its IP address. +</para> + +<para> +Note that this line MUST NOT BE SET in the smb.conf file of the Samba +server acting as the WINS server itself. If you set both the +"<command>wins support = yes</command>" option and the +"<command>wins server = >name<</command>" option then +nmbd will fail to start. +</para> + +<para> +There are two possible scenarios for setting up cross subnet browsing. +The first details setting up cross subnet browsing on a network containing +Windows 95, Samba and Windows NT machines that are not configured as +part of a Windows NT Domain. The second details setting up cross subnet +browsing on networks that contain NT Domains. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up Browsing in a WORKGROUP</title> + +<para> +To set up cross subnet browsing on a network containing machines +in up to be in a WORKGROUP, not an NT Domain you need to set up one +Samba server to be the Domain Master Browser (note that this is *NOT* +the same as a Primary Domain Controller, although in an NT Domain the +same machine plays both roles). The role of a Domain master browser is +to collate the browse lists from local master browsers on all the +subnets that have a machine participating in the workgroup. Without +one machine configured as a domain master browser each subnet would +be an isolated workgroup, unable to see any machines on any other +subnet. It is the presense of a domain master browser that makes +cross subnet browsing possible for a workgroup. +</para> + +<para> +In an WORKGROUP environment the domain master browser must be a +Samba server, and there must only be one domain master browser per +workgroup name. To set up a Samba server as a domain master browser, +set the following option in the [global] section of the smb.conf file : +</para> + +<para> +<command> domain master = yes</command> +</para> + +<para> +The domain master browser should also preferrably be the local master +browser for its own subnet. In order to achieve this set the following +options in the [global] section of the smb.conf file : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + domain master = yes + local master = yes + preferred master = yes + os level = 65 +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +The domain master browser may be the same machine as the WINS +server, if you require. +</para> + +<para> +Next, you should ensure that each of the subnets contains a +machine that can act as a local master browser for the +workgroup. Any NT machine should be able to do this, as will +Windows 95 machines (although these tend to get rebooted more +often, so it's not such a good idea to use these). To make a +Samba server a local master browser set the following +options in the [global] section of the smb.conf file : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + domain master = no + local master = yes + preferred master = yes + os level = 65 +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +Do not do this for more than one Samba server on each subnet, +or they will war with each other over which is to be the local +master browser. +</para> + +<para> +The "local master" parameter allows Samba to act as a local master +browser. The "preferred master" causes nmbd to force a browser +election on startup and the "os level" parameter sets Samba high +enough so that it should win any browser elections. +</para> + +<para> +If you have an NT machine on the subnet that you wish to +be the local master browser then you can disable Samba from +becoming a local master browser by setting the following +options in the [global] section of the smb.conf file : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + domain master = no + local master = no + preferred master = no + os level = 0 +</programlisting> +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up Browsing in a DOMAIN</title> + +<para> +If you are adding Samba servers to a Windows NT Domain then +you must not set up a Samba server as a domain master browser. +By default, a Windows NT Primary Domain Controller for a Domain +name is also the Domain master browser for that name, and many +things will break if a Samba server registers the Domain master +browser NetBIOS name (DOMAIN>1B<) with WINS instead of the PDC. +</para> + +<para> +For subnets other than the one containing the Windows NT PDC +you may set up Samba servers as local master browsers as +described. To make a Samba server a local master browser set +the following options in the [global] section of the smb.conf +file : +</para> + +<para> +<programlisting> + domain master = no + local master = yes + preferred master = yes + os level = 65 +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +If you wish to have a Samba server fight the election with machines +on the same subnet you may set the "os level" parameter to lower +levels. By doing this you can tune the order of machines that +will become local master browsers if they are running. For +more details on this see the section "FORCING SAMBA TO BE THE MASTER" +below. +</para> + +<para> +If you have Windows NT machines that are members of the domain +on all subnets, and you are sure they will always be running then +you can disable Samba from taking part in browser elections and +ever becoming a local master browser by setting following options +in the [global] section of the smb.conf file : +</para> + +<para> +<command> + domain master = no + local master = no + preferred master = no + os level = 0 +</command> +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Forcing samba to be the master</title> + +<para> +Who becomes the "master browser" is determined by an election process +using broadcasts. Each election packet contains a number of parameters +which determine what precedence (bias) a host should have in the +election. By default Samba uses a very low precedence and thus loses +elections to just about anyone else. +</para> + +<para> +If you want Samba to win elections then just set the "os level" global +option in smb.conf to a higher number. It defaults to 0. Using 34 +would make it win all elections over every other system (except other +samba systems!) +</para> + +<para> +A "os level" of 2 would make it beat WfWg and Win95, but not NTAS. A +NTAS domain controller uses level 32. +</para> + +<para>The maximum os level is 255</para> + +<para> +If you want samba to force an election on startup, then set the +"preferred master" global option in smb.conf to "yes". Samba will +then have a slight advantage over other potential master browsers +that are not preferred master browsers. Use this parameter with +care, as if you have two hosts (whether they are windows 95 or NT or +samba) on the same local subnet both set with "preferred master" to +"yes", then periodically and continually they will force an election +in order to become the local master browser. +</para> + +<para> +If you want samba to be a "domain master browser", then it is +recommended that you also set "preferred master" to "yes", because +samba will not become a domain master browser for the whole of your +LAN or WAN if it is not also a local master browser on its own +broadcast isolated subnet. +</para> + +<para> +It is possible to configure two samba servers to attempt to become +the domain master browser for a domain. The first server that comes +up will be the domain master browser. All other samba servers will +attempt to become the domain master browser every 5 minutes. They +will find that another samba server is already the domain master +browser and will fail. This provides automatic redundancy, should +the current domain master browser fail. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Making samba the domain master</title> + +<para> +The domain master is responsible for collating the browse lists of +multiple subnets so that browsing can occur between subnets. You can +make samba act as the domain master by setting "domain master = yes" +in smb.conf. By default it will not be a domain master. +</para> + +<para> +Note that you should NOT set Samba to be the domain master for a +workgroup that has the same name as an NT Domain. +</para> + +<para> +When samba is the domain master and the master browser it will listen +for master announcements (made roughly every twelve minutes) from local +master browsers on other subnets and then contact them to synchronise +browse lists. +</para> + +<para> +If you want samba to be the domain master then I suggest you also set +the "os level" high enough to make sure it wins elections, and set +"preferred master" to "yes", to get samba to force an election on +startup. +</para> + +<para> +Note that all your servers (including samba) and clients should be +using a WINS server to resolve NetBIOS names. If your clients are only +using broadcasting to resolve NetBIOS names, then two things will occur: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem> + <para> + your local master browsers will be unable to find a domain master + browser, as it will only be looking on the local subnet. + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + if a client happens to get hold of a domain-wide browse list, and + a user attempts to access a host in that list, it will be unable to + resolve the NetBIOS name of that host. + </para> +</listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +If, however, both samba and your clients are using a WINS server, then: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem> + <para> + your local master browsers will contact the WINS server and, as long as + samba has registered that it is a domain master browser with the WINS + server, your local master browser will receive samba's ip address + as its domain master browser. + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + when a client receives a domain-wide browse list, and a user attempts + to access a host in that list, it will contact the WINS server to + resolve the NetBIOS name of that host. as long as that host has + registered its NetBIOS name with the same WINS server, the user will + be able to see that host. + </para> +</listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Note about broadcast addresses</title> + +<para> +If your network uses a "0" based broadcast address (for example if it +ends in a 0) then you will strike problems. Windows for Workgroups +does not seem to support a 0's broadcast and you will probably find +that browsing and name lookups won't work. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Multiple interfaces</title> + +<para> +Samba now supports machines with multiple network interfaces. If you +have multiple interfaces then you will need to use the "interfaces" +option in smb.conf to configure them. See smb.conf(5) for details. +</para> +</sect1> +</chapter> diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Bugs.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Bugs.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5a24458e08 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Bugs.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ +<chapter id="bugreport"> + +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Samba Team</orgname> + </affiliation> + </author> + <pubdate> 27 June 1997 </pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Reporting Bugs</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para> +The email address for bug reports is samba@samba.org +</para> + +<para> +Please take the time to read this file before you submit a bug +report. Also, please see if it has changed between releases, as we +may be changing the bug reporting mechanism at some time. +</para> + +<para> +Please also do as much as you can yourself to help track down the +bug. Samba is maintained by a dedicated group of people who volunteer +their time, skills and efforts. We receive far more mail about it than +we can possibly answer, so you have a much higher chance of an answer +and a fix if you send us a "developer friendly" bug report that lets +us fix it fast. +</para> + +<para> +Do not assume that if you post the bug to the comp.protocols.smb +newsgroup or the mailing list that we will read it. If you suspect that your +problem is not a bug but a configuration problem then it is better to send +it to the Samba mailing list, as there are (at last count) 5000 other users on +that list that may be able to help you. +</para> + +<para> +You may also like to look though the recent mailing list archives, +which are conveniently accessible on the Samba web pages +at http://samba.org/samba/ +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>General info</title> + +<para> +Before submitting a bug report check your config for silly +errors. Look in your log files for obvious messages that tell you that +you've misconfigured something and run testparm to test your config +file for correct syntax. +</para> + +<para> +Have you run through the <ulink url="Diagnosis.html">diagnosis</ulink>? +This is very important. +</para> + +<para> +If you include part of a log file with your bug report then be sure to +annotate it with exactly what you were doing on the client at the +time, and exactly what the results were. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Debug levels</title> + +<para> +If the bug has anything to do with Samba behaving incorrectly as a +server (like refusing to open a file) then the log files will probably +be very useful. Depending on the problem a log level of between 3 and +10 showing the problem may be appropriate. A higher level givesmore +detail, but may use too much disk space. +</para> + +<para> +To set the debug level use <command>log level =</command> in your +<filename>smb.conf</filename>. You may also find it useful to set the log +level higher for just one machine and keep separate logs for each machine. +To do this use: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +log level = 10 +log file = /usr/local/samba/lib/log.%m +include = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +then create a file +<filename>/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.machine</filename> where +"machine" is the name of the client you wish to debug. In that file +put any smb.conf commands you want, for example +<command>log level=</command> may be useful. This also allows you to +experiment with different security systems, protocol levels etc on just +one machine. +</para> + +<para> +The <filename>smb.conf</filename> entry <command>log level =</command> +is synonymous with the entry <command>debuglevel =</command> that has been +used in older versions of Samba and is being retained for backwards +compatibility of smb.conf files. +</para> + +<para> +As the <command>log level =</command> value is increased you will record +a significantly increasing level of debugging information. For most +debugging operations you may not need a setting higher than 3. Nearly +all bugs can be tracked at a setting of 10, but be prepared for a VERY +large volume of log data. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Internal errors</title> + +<para> +If you get a "INTERNAL ERROR" message in your log files it means that +Samba got an unexpected signal while running. It is probably a +segmentation fault and almost certainly means a bug in Samba (unless +you have faulty hardware or system software) +</para> + +<para> +If the message came from smbd then it will probably be accompanied by +a message which details the last SMB message received by smbd. This +info is often very useful in tracking down the problem so please +include it in your bug report. +</para> + +<para> +You should also detail how to reproduce the problem, if +possible. Please make this reasonably detailed. +</para> + +<para> +You may also find that a core file appeared in a "corefiles" +subdirectory of the directory where you keep your samba log +files. This file is the most useful tool for tracking down the bug. To +use it you do this: +</para> + +<para><command>gdb smbd core</command></para> + +<para> +adding appropriate paths to smbd and core so gdb can find them. If you +don't have gdb then try "dbx". Then within the debugger use the +command "where" to give a stack trace of where the problem +occurred. Include this in your mail. +</para> + +<para> +If you known any assembly language then do a "disass" of the routine +where the problem occurred (if its in a library routine then +disassemble the routine that called it) and try to work out exactly +where the problem is by looking at the surrounding code. Even if you +don't know assembly then incuding this info in the bug report can be +useful. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Attaching to a running process</title> + +<para> +Unfortunately some unixes (in particular some recent linux kernels) +refuse to dump a core file if the task has changed uid (which smbd +does often). To debug with this sort of system you could try to attach +to the running process using "gdb smbd PID" where you get PID from +smbstatus. Then use "c" to continue and try to cause the core dump +using the client. The debugger should catch the fault and tell you +where it occurred. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Patches</title> + +<para> +The best sort of bug report is one that includes a fix! If you send us +patches please use <command>diff -u</command> format if your version of +diff supports it, otherwise use <command>diff -c4</command>. Make sure +your do the diff against a clean version of the source and let me know +exactly what version you used. +</para> + +</sect1> +</chapter> + diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Diagnosis.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Diagnosis.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20b2ccee08 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Diagnosis.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,509 @@ +<chapter id="diagnosis"> +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Tridgell</surname> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Samba Team</orgname> + <address><email>tridge@samba.org</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> + <pubdate> 1 November 1999</pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Diagnosing your samba server</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para> +This file contains a list of tests you can perform to validate your +Samba server. It also tells you what the likely cause of the problem +is if it fails any one of these steps. If it passes all these tests +then it is probably working fine. +</para> + +<para> +You should do ALL the tests, in the order shown. I have tried to +carefully choose them so later tests only use capabilities verified in +the earlier tests. +</para> + +<para> +If you send me an email saying "it doesn't work" and you have not +followed this test procedure then you should not be surprised if I +ignore your email. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Assumptions</title> + +<para> +In all of the tests I assume you have a Samba server called BIGSERVER +and a PC called ACLIENT both in workgroup TESTGROUP. I also assume the +PC is running windows for workgroups with a recent copy of the +microsoft tcp/ip stack. Alternatively, your PC may be running Windows +95 or Windows NT (Workstation or Server). +</para> + +<para> +The procedure is similar for other types of clients. +</para> + +<para> +I also assume you know the name of an available share in your +smb.conf. I will assume this share is called "tmp". You can add a +"tmp" share like by adding the following to smb.conf: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + +[tmp] + comment = temporary files + path = /tmp + read only = yes + +</programlisting> +</para> + +<para> +THESE TESTS ASSUME VERSION 2.0.6 OR LATER OF THE SAMBA SUITE. SOME +COMMANDS SHOWN DID NOT EXIST IN EARLIER VERSIONS +</para> + +<para> +Please pay attention to the error messages you receive. If any error message +reports that your server is being unfriendly you should first check that you +IP name resolution is correctly set up. eg: Make sure your /etc/resolv.conf +file points to name servers that really do exist. +</para> + +<para> +Also, if you do not have DNS server access for name resolution please check +that the settings for your smb.conf file results in "dns proxy = no". The +best way to check this is with "testparm smb.conf" +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Tests</title> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 1</title> +<para> +In the directory in which you store your smb.conf file, run the command +"testparm smb.conf". If it reports any errors then your smb.conf +configuration file is faulty. +</para> + +<para> +Note: Your smb.conf file may be located in: <filename>/etc</filename> + Or in: <filename>/usr/local/samba/lib</filename> +</para> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 2</title> + +<para> +Run the command "ping BIGSERVER" from the PC and "ping ACLIENT" from +the unix box. If you don't get a valid response then your TCP/IP +software is not correctly installed. +</para> + +<para> +Note that you will need to start a "dos prompt" window on the PC to +run ping. +</para> + +<para> +If you get a message saying "host not found" or similar then your DNS +software or /etc/hosts file is not correctly setup. It is possible to +run samba without DNS entries for the server and client, but I assume +you do have correct entries for the remainder of these tests. +</para> + +<para> +Another reason why ping might fail is if your host is running firewall +software. You will need to relax the rules to let in the workstation +in question, perhaps by allowing access from another subnet (on Linux +this is done via the ipfwadm program.) +</para> +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 3</title> + +<para> +Run the command "smbclient -L BIGSERVER" on the unix box. You +should get a list of available shares back. +</para> + +<para> +If you get a error message containing the string "Bad password" then +you probably have either an incorrect "hosts allow", "hosts deny" or +"valid users" line in your smb.conf, or your guest account is not +valid. Check what your guest account is using "testparm" and +temporarily remove any "hosts allow", "hosts deny", "valid users" or +"invalid users" lines. +</para> + +<para> +If you get a "connection refused" response then the smbd server may +not be running. If you installed it in inetd.conf then you probably edited +that file incorrectly. If you installed it as a daemon then check that +it is running, and check that the netbios-ssn port is in a LISTEN +state using "netstat -a". +</para> + +<para> +If you get a "session request failed" then the server refused the +connection. If it says "Your server software is being unfriendly" then +its probably because you have invalid command line parameters to smbd, +or a similar fatal problem with the initial startup of smbd. Also +check your config file (smb.conf) for syntax errors with "testparm" +and that the various directories where samba keeps its log and lock +files exist. +</para> + +<para> +There are a number of reasons for which smbd may refuse or decline +a session request. The most common of these involve one or more of +the following smb.conf file entries: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + hosts deny = ALL + hosts allow = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy + bind interfaces only = Yes +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +In the above, no allowance has been made for any session requests that +will automatically translate to the loopback adaptor address 127.0.0.1. +To solve this problem change these lines to: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + hosts deny = ALL + hosts allow = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy 127. +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Do NOT use the "bind interfaces only" parameter where you may wish to +use the samba password change facility, or where smbclient may need to +access local service for name resolution or for local resource +connections. (Note: the "bind interfaces only" parameter deficiency +where it will not allow connections to the loopback address will be +fixed soon). +</para> + +<para> +Another common cause of these two errors is having something already running +on port 139, such as Samba (ie: smbd is running from inetd already) or +something like Digital's Pathworks. Check your inetd.conf file before trying +to start smbd as a daemon, it can avoid a lot of frustration! +</para> + +<para> +And yet another possible cause for failure of TEST 3 is when the subnet mask +and / or broadcast address settings are incorrect. Please check that the +network interface IP Address / Broadcast Address / Subnet Mask settings are +correct and that Samba has correctly noted these in the log.nmb file. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 4</title> + +<para> +Run the command "nmblookup -B BIGSERVER __SAMBA__". You should get the +IP address of your Samba server back. +</para> + +<para> +If you don't then nmbd is incorrectly installed. Check your inetd.conf +if you run it from there, or that the daemon is running and listening +to udp port 137. +</para> + +<para> +One common problem is that many inetd implementations can't take many +parameters on the command line. If this is the case then create a +one-line script that contains the right parameters and run that from +inetd. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 5</title> + +<para>run the command <command>nmblookup -B ACLIENT '*'</command></para> + +<para> +You should get the PCs IP address back. If you don't then the client +software on the PC isn't installed correctly, or isn't started, or you +got the name of the PC wrong. +</para> + +<para> +If ACLIENT doesn't resolve via DNS then use the IP address of the +client in the above test. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 6</title> + +<para> +Run the command <command>nmblookup -d 2 '*'</command> +</para> + +<para> +This time we are trying the same as the previous test but are trying +it via a broadcast to the default broadcast address. A number of +Netbios/TCPIP hosts on the network should respond, although Samba may +not catch all of the responses in the short time it listens. You +should see "got a positive name query response" messages from several +hosts. +</para> + +<para> +If this doesn't give a similar result to the previous test then +nmblookup isn't correctly getting your broadcast address through its +automatic mechanism. In this case you should experiment use the +"interfaces" option in smb.conf to manually configure your IP +address, broadcast and netmask. +</para> + +<para> +If your PC and server aren't on the same subnet then you will need to +use the -B option to set the broadcast address to the that of the PCs +subnet. +</para> + +<para> +This test will probably fail if your subnet mask and broadcast address are +not correct. (Refer to TEST 3 notes above). +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 7</title> + +<para> +Run the command <command>smbclient //BIGSERVER/TMP</command>. You should +then be prompted for a password. You should use the password of the account +you are logged into the unix box with. If you want to test with +another account then add the -U >accountname< option to the end of +the command line. eg: +<command>smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe</command> +</para> + +<para> +Note: It is possible to specify the password along with the username +as follows: +<command>smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe%secret</command> +</para> + +<para> +Once you enter the password you should get the "smb>" prompt. If you +don't then look at the error message. If it says "invalid network +name" then the service "tmp" is not correctly setup in your smb.conf. +</para> + +<para> +If it says "bad password" then the likely causes are: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem> + <para> + you have shadow passords (or some other password system) but didn't + compile in support for them in smbd + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + your "valid users" configuration is incorrect + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + you have a mixed case password and you haven't enabled the "password + level" option at a high enough level + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + the "path =" line in smb.conf is incorrect. Check it with testparm + </para> +</listitem> + +<listitem> + <para> + you enabled password encryption but didn't create the SMB encrypted + password file + </para> +</listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +Once connected you should be able to use the commands +<command>dir</command> <command>get</command> <command>put</command> etc. +Type <command>help >command<</command> for instructions. You should +especially check that the amount of free disk space shown is correct +when you type <command>dir</command>. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 8</title> + +<para> +On the PC type the command <command>net view \\BIGSERVER</command>. You will +need to do this from within a "dos prompt" window. You should get back a +list of available shares on the server. +</para> + +<para> +If you get a "network name not found" or similar error then netbios +name resolution is not working. This is usually caused by a problem in +nmbd. To overcome it you could do one of the following (you only need +to choose one of them): +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> + fixup the nmbd installation +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> + add the IP address of BIGSERVER to the "wins server" box in the + advanced tcp/ip setup on the PC. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> + enable windows name resolution via DNS in the advanced section of + the tcp/ip setup +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> + add BIGSERVER to your lmhosts file on the PC. +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +If you get a "invalid network name" or "bad password error" then the +same fixes apply as they did for the "smbclient -L" test above. In +particular, make sure your "hosts allow" line is correct (see the man +pages) +</para> + +<para> +Also, do not overlook that fact that when the workstation requests the +connection to the samba server it will attempt to connect using the +name with which you logged onto your Windows machine. You need to make +sure that an account exists on your Samba server with that exact same +name and password. +</para> + +<para> +If you get "specified computer is not receiving requests" or similar +it probably means that the host is not contactable via tcp services. +Check to see if the host is running tcp wrappers, and if so add an entry in +the hosts.allow file for your client (or subnet, etc.) +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 9</title> + +<para> +Run the command <command>net use x: \\BIGSERVER\TMP</command>. You should +be prompted for a password then you should get a "command completed +successfully" message. If not then your PC software is incorrectly +installed or your smb.conf is incorrect. make sure your "hosts allow" +and other config lines in smb.conf are correct. +</para> + +<para> +It's also possible that the server can't work out what user name to +connect you as. To see if this is the problem add the line "user = +USERNAME" to the [tmp] section of smb.conf where "USERNAME" is the +username corresponding to the password you typed. If you find this +fixes things you may need the username mapping option. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 10</title> + +<para> +Run the command <command>nmblookup -M TESTGROUP</command> where +TESTGROUP is the name of the workgroup that your Samba server and +Windows PCs belong to. You should get back the IP address of the +master browser for that workgroup. +</para> + +<para> +If you don't then the election process has failed. Wait a minute to +see if it is just being slow then try again. If it still fails after +that then look at the browsing options you have set in smb.conf. Make +sure you have <command>preferred master = yes</command> to ensure that +an election is held at startup. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Test 11</title> + +<para> +From file manager try to browse the server. Your samba server should +appear in the browse list of your local workgroup (or the one you +specified in smb.conf). You should be able to double click on the name +of the server and get a list of shares. If you get a "invalid +password" error when you do then you are probably running WinNT and it +is refusing to browse a server that has no encrypted password +capability and is in user level security mode. In this case either set +<command>security = server</command> AND +<command>password server = Windows_NT_Machine</command> in your +smb.conf file, or enable encrypted passwords AFTER compiling in support +for encrypted passwords (refer to the Makefile). +</para> + +</sect2> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Still having troubles?</title> + +<para> +Try the mailing list or newsgroup, or use the ethereal utility to +sniff the problem. The official samba mailing list can be reached at +<ulink url="mailto:samba@samba.org">samba@samba.org</ulink>. To find +out more about samba and how to subscribe to the mailing list check +out the samba web page at +<ulink url="http://samba.org/samba">http://samba.org/samba</ulink> +</para> + +<para> +Also look at the other docs in the Samba package! +</para> + +</sect1> + +</chapter> diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Printing.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Printing.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb7e5cdfb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Printing.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ +<chapter id="printing_debug"> +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <firstname>Patrick</firstname><surname>Powell</surname> + <affiliation> + <address><email>papowell@lprng.org</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> + <pubdate>11 August 2000</pubdate> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Debugging Printing Problems</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para> +This is a short description of how to debug printing problems with +Samba. This describes how to debug problems with printing from a SMB +client to a Samba server, not the other way around. For the reverse +see the examples/printing directory. +</para> + +<para> +Ok, so you want to print to a Samba server from your PC. The first +thing you need to understand is that Samba does not actually do any +printing itself, it just acts as a middleman between your PC client +and your Unix printing subsystem. Samba receives the file from the PC +then passes the file to a external "print command". What print command +you use is up to you. +</para> + +<para> +The whole things is controlled using options in smb.conf. The most +relevant options (which you should look up in the smb.conf man page) +are: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + [global] + print command - send a file to a spooler + lpq command - get spool queue status + lprm command - remove a job + [printers] + path = /var/spool/lpd/samba +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +The following are nice to know about: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + queuepause command - stop a printer or print queue + queueresume command - start a printer or print queue +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Example: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + print command = /usr/bin/lpr -r -P%p %s + lpq command = /usr/bin/lpq -P%p %s + lprm command = /usr/bin/lprm -P%p %j + queuepause command = /usr/sbin/lpc -P%p stop + queuepause command = /usr/sbin/lpc -P%p start +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Samba should set reasonable defaults for these depending on your +system type, but it isn't clairvoyant. It is not uncommon that you +have to tweak these for local conditions. The commands should +always have fully specified pathnames, as the smdb may not have +the correct PATH values. +</para> + +<para> +When you send a job to Samba to be printed, it will make a temporary +copy of it in the directory specified in the [printers] section. +and it should be periodically cleaned out. The lpr -r option +requests that the temporary copy be removed after printing; If +printing fails then you might find leftover files in this directory, +and it should be periodically cleaned out. Samba used the lpq +command to determine the "job number" assigned to your print job +by the spooler. +</para> + +<para> +The %>letter< are "macros" that get dynamically replaced with appropriate +values when they are used. The %s gets replaced with the name of the spool +file that Samba creates and the %p gets replaced with the name of the +printer. The %j gets replaced with the "job number" which comes from +the lpq output. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Debugging printer problems</title> + +<para> +One way to debug printing problems is to start by replacing these +command with shell scripts that record the arguments and the contents +of the print file. A simple example of this kind of things might +be: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + print command = /tmp/saveprint %p %s + + #!/bin/saveprint + # we make sure that we are the right user + /usr/bin/id -p >/tmp/tmp.print + # we run the command and save the error messages + # replace the command with the one appropriate for your system + /usr/bin/lpr -r -P$1 $2 2>>&/tmp/tmp.print +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Then you print a file and try removing it. You may find that the +print queue needs to be stopped in order to see the queue status +and remove the job: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + +h4: {42} % echo hi >/tmp/hi +h4: {43} % smbclient //localhost/lw4 +added interface ip=10.0.0.4 bcast=10.0.0.255 nmask=255.255.255.0 +Password: +Domain=[ASTART] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.0.7] +smb: \> print /tmp/hi +putting file /tmp/hi as hi-17534 (0.0 kb/s) (average 0.0 kb/s) +smb: \> queue +1049 3 hi-17534 +smb: \> cancel 1049 +Error cancelling job 1049 : code 0 +smb: \> cancel 1049 +Job 1049 cancelled +smb: \> queue +smb: \> exit +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +The 'code 0' indicates that the job was removed. The comment +by the smbclient is a bit misleading on this. +You can observe the command output and then and look at the +/tmp/tmp.print file to see what the results are. You can quickly +find out if the problem is with your printing system. Often people +have problems with their /etc/printcap file or permissions on +various print queues. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>What printers do I have?</title> + +<para> +You can use the 'testprns' program to check to see if the printer +name you are using is recognized by Samba. For example, you can +use: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + testprns printer /etc/printcap +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Samba can get its printcap information from a file or from a program. +You can try the following to see the format of the extracted +information: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + testprns -a printer /etc/printcap + + testprns -a printer '|/bin/cat printcap' +</programlisting></para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Setting up printcap and print servers</title> + +<para> +You may need to set up some printcaps for your Samba system to use. +It is strongly recommended that you use the facilities provided by +the print spooler to set up queues and printcap information. +</para> + +<para> +Samba requires either a printcap or program to deliver printcap +information. This printcap information has the format: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + name|alias1|alias2...:option=value:... +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +For almost all printing systems, the printer 'name' must be composed +only of alphanumeric or underscore '_' characters. Some systems also +allow hyphens ('-') as well. An alias is an alternative name for the +printer, and an alias with a space in it is used as a 'comment' +about the printer. The printcap format optionally uses a \ at the end of lines +to extend the printcap to multiple lines. +</para> + +<para> +Here are some examples of printcap files: +</para> + +<para> +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> +pr just printer name +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +pr|alias printer name and alias +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +pr|My Printer printer name, alias used as comment +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +pr:sh:\ Same as pr:sh:cm= testing + :cm= \ + testing +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +pr:sh Same as pr:sh:cm= testing + :cm= testing +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> +</para> + +<para> +Samba reads the printcap information when first started. If you make +changes in the printcap information, then you must do the following: +</para> + +<orderedlist> + +<listitem><para> +make sure that the print spooler is aware of these changes. +The LPRng system uses the 'lpc reread' command to do this. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +make sure that the spool queues, etc., exist and have the +correct permissions. The LPRng system uses the 'checkpc -f' +command to do this. +</para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +You now should send a SIGHUP signal to the smbd server to have +it reread the printcap information. +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Job sent, no output</title> + +<para> +This is the most frustrating part of printing. You may have sent the +job, verified that the job was forwarded, set up a wrapper around +the command to send the file, but there was no output from the printer. +</para> + +<para> +First, check to make sure that the job REALLY is getting to the +right print queue. If you are using a BSD or LPRng print spooler, +you can temporarily stop the printing of jobs. Jobs can still be +submitted, but they will not be printed. Use: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + lpc -Pprinter stop +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Now submit a print job and then use 'lpq -Pprinter' to see if the +job is in the print queue. If it is not in the print queue then +you will have to find out why it is not being accepted for printing. +</para> + +<para> +Next, you may want to check to see what the format of the job really +was. With the assistance of the system administrator you can view +the submitted jobs files. You may be surprised to find that these +are not in what you would expect to call a printable format. +You can use the UNIX 'file' utitily to determine what the job +format actually is: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + cd /var/spool/lpd/printer # spool directory of print jobs + ls # find job files + file dfA001myhost +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +You should make sure that your printer supports this format OR that +your system administrator has installed a 'print filter' that will +convert the file to a format appropriate for your printer. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Job sent, strange output</title> + +<para> +Once you have the job printing, you can then start worrying about +making it print nicely. +</para> + +<para> +The most common problem is extra pages of output: banner pages +OR blank pages at the end. +</para> + +<para> +If you are getting banner pages, check and make sure that the +printcap option or printer option is configured for no banners. +If you have a printcap, this is the :sh (suppress header or banner +page) option. You should have the following in your printer. +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + printer: ... :sh +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +If you have this option and are still getting banner pages, there +is a strong chance that your printer is generating them for you +automatically. You should make sure that banner printing is disabled +for the printer. This usually requires using the printer setup software +or procedures supplied by the printer manufacturer. +</para> + +<para> +If you get an extra page of output, this could be due to problems +with your job format, or if you are generating PostScript jobs, +incorrect setting on your printer driver on the MicroSoft client. +For example, under Win95 there is a option: +</para> + +<para><programlisting> + Printers|Printer Name|(Right Click)Properties|Postscript|Advanced| +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +that allows you to choose if a Ctrl-D is appended to all jobs. +This is a very bad thing to do, as most spooling systems will +automatically add a ^D to the end of the job if it is detected as +PostScript. The multiple ^D may cause an additional page of output. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Raw PostScript printed</title> + +<para> +This is a problem that is usually caused by either the print spooling +system putting information at the start of the print job that makes +the printer think the job is a text file, or your printer simply +does not support PostScript. You may need to enable 'Automatic +Format Detection' on your printer. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Advanced Printing</title> + +<para> +Note that you can do some pretty magic things by using your +imagination with the "print command" option and some shell scripts. +Doing print accounting is easy by passing the %U option to a print +command shell script. You could even make the print command detect +the type of output and its size and send it to an appropriate +printer. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Real debugging</title> + +<para> +If the above debug tips don't help, then maybe you need to bring in +the bug guns, system tracing. See Tracing.txt in this directory. +</para> +</sect1> +</chapter> diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/Speed.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Speed.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..17adf10429 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/Speed.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,578 @@ +<chapter id="speed"> + +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Samba Team</orgname> + <address><email>samba@samba.org</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> + <author> + <firstname>Paul</firstname><surname>Cochrane</surname> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Dundee Limb Fitting Centre</orgname> + <address><email>paulc@dth.scot.nhs.uk</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Samba performance issues</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Comparisons</title> + +<para> +The Samba server uses TCP to talk to the client. Thus if you are +trying to see if it performs well you should really compare it to +programs that use the same protocol. The most readily available +programs for file transfer that use TCP are ftp or another TCP based +SMB server. +</para> + +<para> +If you want to test against something like a NT or WfWg server then +you will have to disable all but TCP on either the client or +server. Otherwise you may well be using a totally different protocol +(such as Netbeui) and comparisons may not be valid. +</para> + +<para> +Generally you should find that Samba performs similarly to ftp at raw +transfer speed. It should perform quite a bit faster than NFS, +although this very much depends on your system. +</para> + +<para> +Several people have done comparisons between Samba and Novell, NFS or +WinNT. In some cases Samba performed the best, in others the worst. I +suspect the biggest factor is not Samba vs some other system but the +hardware and drivers used on the various systems. Given similar +hardware Samba should certainly be competitive in speed with other +systems. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Oplocks</title> + +<sect2> +<title>Overview</title> + +<para> +Oplocks are the way that SMB clients get permission from a server to +locally cache file operations. If a server grants an oplock +(opportunistic lock) then the client is free to assume that it is the +only one accessing the file and it will agressively cache file +data. With some oplock types the client may even cache file open/close +operations. This can give enormous performance benefits. +</para> + +<para> +With the release of Samba 1.9.18 we now correctly support opportunistic +locks. This is turned on by default, and can be turned off on a share- +by-share basis by setting the parameter : +</para> + +<para> +<command>oplocks = False</command> +</para> + +<para> +We recommend that you leave oplocks on however, as current benchmark +tests with NetBench seem to give approximately a 30% improvement in +speed with them on. This is on average however, and the actual +improvement seen can be orders of magnitude greater, depending on +what the client redirector is doing. +</para> + +<para> +Previous to Samba 1.9.18 there was a 'fake oplocks' option. This +option has been left in the code for backwards compatibility reasons +but it's use is now deprecated. A short summary of what the old +code did follows. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Level2 Oplocks</title> + +<para> +With Samba 2.0.5 a new capability - level2 (read only) oplocks is +supported (although the option is off by default - see the smb.conf +man page for details). Turning on level2 oplocks (on a share-by-share basis) +by setting the parameter : +</para> + +<para> +<command>level2 oplocks = true</command> +</para> + +<para> +should speed concurrent access to files that are not commonly written +to, such as application serving shares (ie. shares that contain common +.EXE files - such as a Microsoft Office share) as it allows clients to +read-ahread cache copies of these files. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2> +<title>Old 'fake oplocks' option - deprecated</title> + +<para> +Samba can also fake oplocks, by granting a oplock whenever a client +asks for one. This is controlled using the smb.conf option "fake +oplocks". If you set "fake oplocks = yes" then you are telling the +client that it may agressively cache the file data for all opens. +</para> + +<para> +Enabling 'fake oplocks' on all read-only shares or shares that you know +will only be accessed from one client at a time you will see a big +performance improvement on many operations. If you enable this option +on shares where multiple clients may be accessing the files read-write +at the same time you can get data corruption. +</para> + +</sect2> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Socket options</title> + +<para> +There are a number of socket options that can greatly affect the +performance of a TCP based server like Samba. +</para> + +<para> +The socket options that Samba uses are settable both on the command +line with the -O option, or in the smb.conf file. +</para> + +<para> +The "socket options" section of the smb.conf manual page describes how +to set these and gives recommendations. +</para> + +<para> +Getting the socket options right can make a big difference to your +performance, but getting them wrong can degrade it by just as +much. The correct settings are very dependent on your local network. +</para> + +<para> +The socket option TCP_NODELAY is the one that seems to make the +biggest single difference for most networks. Many people report that +adding "socket options = TCP_NODELAY" doubles the read performance of +a Samba drive. The best explanation I have seen for this is that the +Microsoft TCP/IP stack is slow in sending tcp ACKs. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Read size</title> + +<para> +The option "read size" affects the overlap of disk reads/writes with +network reads/writes. If the amount of data being transferred in +several of the SMB commands (currently SMBwrite, SMBwriteX and +SMBreadbraw) is larger than this value then the server begins writing +the data before it has received the whole packet from the network, or +in the case of SMBreadbraw, it begins writing to the network before +all the data has been read from disk. +</para> + +<para> +This overlapping works best when the speeds of disk and network access +are similar, having very little effect when the speed of one is much +greater than the other. +</para> + +<para> +The default value is 16384, but very little experimentation has been +done yet to determine the optimal value, and it is likely that the best +value will vary greatly between systems anyway. A value over 65536 is +pointless and will cause you to allocate memory unnecessarily. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Max xmit</title> + +<para> +At startup the client and server negotiate a "maximum transmit" size, +which limits the size of nearly all SMB commands. You can set the +maximum size that Samba will negotiate using the "max xmit = " option +in smb.conf. Note that this is the maximum size of SMB request that +Samba will accept, but not the maximum size that the *client* will accept. +The client maximum receive size is sent to Samba by the client and Samba +honours this limit. +</para> + +<para> +It defaults to 65536 bytes (the maximum), but it is possible that some +clients may perform better with a smaller transmit unit. Trying values +of less than 2048 is likely to cause severe problems. +</para> + +<para> +In most cases the default is the best option. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Locking</title> + +<para> +By default Samba does not implement strict locking on each read/write +call (although it did in previous versions). If you enable strict +locking (using "strict locking = yes") then you may find that you +suffer a severe performance hit on some systems. +</para> + +<para> +The performance hit will probably be greater on NFS mounted +filesystems, but could be quite high even on local disks. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Share modes</title> + +<para> +Some people find that opening files is very slow. This is often +because of the "share modes" code needed to fully implement the dos +share modes stuff. You can disable this code using "share modes = +no". This will gain you a lot in opening and closing files but will +mean that (in some cases) the system won't force a second user of a +file to open the file read-only if the first has it open +read-write. For many applications that do their own locking this +doesn't matter, but for some it may. Most Windows applications +depend heavily on "share modes" working correctly and it is +recommended that the Samba share mode support be left at the +default of "on". +</para> + +<para> +The share mode code in Samba has been re-written in the 1.9.17 +release following tests with the Ziff-Davis NetBench PC Benchmarking +tool. It is now believed that Samba 1.9.17 implements share modes +similarly to Windows NT. +</para> + +<para> +NOTE: In the most recent versions of Samba there is an option to use +shared memory via mmap() to implement the share modes. This makes +things much faster. See the Makefile for how to enable this. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Log level</title> + +<para> +If you set the log level (also known as "debug level") higher than 2 +then you may suffer a large drop in performance. This is because the +server flushes the log file after each operation, which can be very +expensive. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Wide lines</title> + +<para> +The "wide links" option is now enabled by default, but if you disable +it (for better security) then you may suffer a performance hit in +resolving filenames. The performance loss is lessened if you have +"getwd cache = yes", which is now the default. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Read raw</title> + +<para> +The "read raw" operation is designed to be an optimised, low-latency +file read operation. A server may choose to not support it, +however. and Samba makes support for "read raw" optional, with it +being enabled by default. +</para> + +<para> +In some cases clients don't handle "read raw" very well and actually +get lower performance using it than they get using the conventional +read operations. +</para> + +<para> +So you might like to try "read raw = no" and see what happens on your +network. It might lower, raise or not affect your performance. Only +testing can really tell. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Write raw</title> + +<para> +The "write raw" operation is designed to be an optimised, low-latency +file write operation. A server may choose to not support it, +however. and Samba makes support for "write raw" optional, with it +being enabled by default. +</para> + +<para> +Some machines may find "write raw" slower than normal write, in which +case you may wish to change this option. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Read prediction</title> + +<para> +Samba can do read prediction on some of the SMB commands. Read +prediction means that Samba reads some extra data on the last file it +read while waiting for the next SMB command to arrive. It can then +respond more quickly when the next read request arrives. +</para> + +<para> +This is disabled by default. You can enable it by using "read +prediction = yes". +</para> + +<para> +Note that read prediction is only used on files that were opened read +only. +</para> + +<para> +Read prediction should particularly help for those silly clients (such +as "Write" under NT) which do lots of very small reads on a file. +</para> + +<para> +Samba will not read ahead more data than the amount specified in the +"read size" option. It always reads ahead on 1k block boundaries. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Memory mapping</title> + +<para> +Samba supports reading files via memory mapping them. One some +machines this can give a large boost to performance, on others it +makes not difference at all, and on some it may reduce performance. +</para> + +<para> +To enable you you have to recompile Samba with the -DUSE_MMAP option +on the FLAGS line of the Makefile. +</para> + +<para> +Note that memory mapping is only used on files opened read only, and +is not used by the "read raw" operation. Thus you may find memory +mapping is more effective if you disable "read raw" using "read raw = +no". +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Slow Clients</title> + +<para> +One person has reported that setting the protocol to COREPLUS rather +than LANMAN2 gave a dramatic speed improvement (from 10k/s to 150k/s). +</para> + +<para> +I suspect that his PC's (386sx16 based) were asking for more data than +they could chew. I suspect a similar speed could be had by setting +"read raw = no" and "max xmit = 2048", instead of changing the +protocol. Lowering the "read size" might also help. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Slow Logins</title> + +<para> +Slow logins are almost always due to the password checking time. Using +the lowest practical "password level" will improve things a lot. You +could also enable the "UFC crypt" option in the Makefile. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Client tuning</title> + +<para> +Often a speed problem can be traced to the client. The client (for +example Windows for Workgroups) can often be tuned for better TCP +performance. +</para> + +<para> +See your client docs for details. In particular, I have heard rumours +that the WfWg options TCPWINDOWSIZE and TCPSEGMENTSIZE can have a +large impact on performance. +</para> + +<para> +Also note that some people have found that setting DefaultRcvWindow in +the [MSTCP] section of the SYSTEM.INI file under WfWg to 3072 gives a +big improvement. I don't know why. +</para> + +<para> +My own experience wth DefaultRcvWindow is that I get much better +performance with a large value (16384 or larger). Other people have +reported that anything over 3072 slows things down enourmously. One +person even reported a speed drop of a factor of 30 when he went from +3072 to 8192. I don't know why. +</para> + +<para> +It probably depends a lot on your hardware, and the type of unix box +you have at the other end of the link. +</para> + +<para> +Paul Cochrane has done some testing on client side tuning and come +to the following conclusions: +</para> + +<para> +Install the W2setup.exe file from www.microsoft.com. This is an +update for the winsock stack and utilities which improve performance. +</para> + +<para> +Configure the win95 TCPIP registry settings to give better +perfomance. I use a program called MTUSPEED.exe which I got off the +net. There are various other utilities of this type freely available. +The setting which give the best performance for me are: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para> +MaxMTU Remove +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +RWIN Remove +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +MTUAutoDiscover Disable +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +MTUBlackHoleDetect Disable +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +Time To Live Enabled +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +Time To Live - HOPS 32 +</para></listitem> +<listitem><para> +NDI Cache Size 0 +</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +I tried virtually all of the items mentioned in the document and +the only one which made a difference to me was the socket options. It +turned out I was better off without any!!!!! +</para> + +<para> +In terms of overall speed of transfer, between various win95 clients +and a DX2-66 20MB server with a crappy NE2000 compatible and old IDE +drive (Kernel 2.0.30). The transfer rate was reasonable for 10 baseT. +</para> + +<para> +FIXME +The figures are: Put Get +P166 client 3Com card: 420-440kB/s 500-520kB/s +P100 client 3Com card: 390-410kB/s 490-510kB/s +DX4-75 client NE2000: 370-380kB/s 330-350kB/s +</para> + +<para> +I based these test on transfer two files a 4.5MB text file and a 15MB +textfile. The results arn't bad considering the hardware Samba is +running on. It's a crap machine!!!! +</para> + +<para> +The updates mentioned in 1 and 2 brought up the transfer rates from +just over 100kB/s in some clients. +</para> + +<para> +A new client is a P333 connected via a 100MB/s card and hub. The +transfer rates from this were good: 450-500kB/s on put and 600+kB/s +on get. +</para> + +<para> +Looking at standard FTP throughput, Samba is a bit slower (100kB/s +upwards). I suppose there is more going on in the samba protocol, but +if it could get up to the rate of FTP the perfomance would be quite +staggering. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>My Results</title> + +<para> +Some people want to see real numbers in a document like this, so here +they are. I have a 486sx33 client running WfWg 3.11 with the 3.11b +tcp/ip stack. It has a slow IDE drive and 20Mb of ram. It has a SMC +Elite-16 ISA bus ethernet card. The only WfWg tuning I've done is to +set DefaultRcvWindow in the [MSTCP] section of system.ini to 16384. My +server is a 486dx3-66 running Linux. It also has 20Mb of ram and a SMC +Elite-16 card. You can see my server config in the examples/tridge/ +subdirectory of the distribution. +</para> + +<para> +I get 490k/s on reading a 8Mb file with copy. +I get 441k/s writing the same file to the samba server. +</para> + +<para> +Of course, there's a lot more to benchmarks than 2 raw throughput +figures, but it gives you a ballpark figure. +</para> + +<para> +I've also tested Win95 and WinNT, and found WinNT gave me the best +speed as a samba client. The fastest client of all (for me) is +smbclient running on another linux box. Maybe I'll add those results +here someday ... +</para> + +</sect1> +</chapter> diff --git a/docs/docbook/projdoc/security_level.sgml b/docs/docbook/projdoc/security_level.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46a2ad7fe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docbook/projdoc/security_level.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +<chapter id="security_levels"> +<chapterinfo> + <author> + <firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Tridgell</surname> + <affiliation> + <orgname>Samba Team</orgname> + <address><email>samba@samba.org</email></address> + </affiliation> + </author> +</chapterinfo> + +<title>Security levels</title> + +<sect1> +<title>Introduction</title> + +<para> +Samba supports the following options to the global smb.conf parameter +</para> + +<para><programlisting> +[global] +<ulink url="smb.conf.5.html#SECURITY"><parameter>security</parameter></ulink> = [share|user(default)|domain|ads] +</programlisting></para> + +<para> +Please refer to the smb.conf man page for usage information and to the document +<ulink url="DOMAIN_MEMBER.html">DOMAIN_MEMBER.html</ulink> for further background details +on domain mode security. The Windows 2000 Kerberos domain security model +(security = ads) is described in the <ulink url="ADS-HOWTO.html">ADS-HOWTO.html</ulink>. +</para> + +<para> +Of the above, "security = server" means that Samba reports to clients that +it is running in "user mode" but actually passes off all authentication +requests to another "user mode" server. This requires an additional +parameter "password server =" that points to the real authentication server. +That real authentication server can be another Samba server or can be a +Windows NT server, the later natively capable of encrypted password support. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>More complete description of security levels</title> + +<para> +A SMB server tells the client at startup what "security level" it is +running. There are two options "share level" and "user level". Which +of these two the client receives affects the way the client then tries +to authenticate itself. It does not directly affect (to any great +extent) the way the Samba server does security. I know this is +strange, but it fits in with the client/server approach of SMB. In SMB +everything is initiated and controlled by the client, and the server +can only tell the client what is available and whether an action is +allowed. +</para> + +<para> +I'll describe user level security first, as its simpler. In user level +security the client will send a "session setup" command directly after +the protocol negotiation. This contains a username and password. The +server can either accept or reject that username/password +combination. Note that at this stage the server has no idea what +share the client will eventually try to connect to, so it can't base +the "accept/reject" on anything other than: +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<listitem><para>the username/password</para></listitem> +<listitem><para>the machine that the client is coming from</para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +If the server accepts the username/password then the client expects to +be able to mount any share (using a "tree connection") without +specifying a password. It expects that all access rights will be as +the username/password specified in the "session setup". +</para> + +<para> +It is also possible for a client to send multiple "session setup" +requests. When the server responds it gives the client a "uid" to use +as an authentication tag for that username/password. The client can +maintain multiple authentication contexts in this way (WinDD is an +example of an application that does this) +</para> + +<para> +Ok, now for share level security. In share level security the client +authenticates itself separately for each share. It will send a +password along with each "tree connection" (share mount). It does not +explicitly send a username with this operation. The client is +expecting a password to be associated with each share, independent of +the user. This means that samba has to work out what username the +client probably wants to use. It is never explicitly sent the +username. Some commercial SMB servers such as NT actually associate +passwords directly with shares in share level security, but samba +always uses the unix authentication scheme where it is a +username/password that is authenticated, not a "share/password". +</para> + +<para> +Many clients send a "session setup" even if the server is in share +level security. They normally send a valid username but no +password. Samba records this username in a list of "possible +usernames". When the client then does a "tree connection" it also adds +to this list the name of the share they try to connect to (useful for +home directories) and any users listed in the "user =" smb.conf +line. The password is then checked in turn against these "possible +usernames". If a match is found then the client is authenticated as +that user. +</para> + +<para> +Finally "server level" security. In server level security the samba +server reports to the client that it is in user level security. The +client then does a "session setup" as described earlier. The samba +server takes the username/password that the client sends and attempts +to login to the "password server" by sending exactly the same +username/password that it got from the client. If that server is in +user level security and accepts the password then samba accepts the +clients connection. This allows the samba server to use another SMB +server as the "password server". +</para> + +<para> +You should also note that at the very start of all this, where the +server tells the client what security level it is in, it also tells +the client if it supports encryption. If it does then it supplies the +client with a random "cryptkey". The client will then send all +passwords in encrypted form. You have to compile samba with encryption +enabled to support this feature, and you have to maintain a separate +smbpasswd file with SMB style encrypted passwords. It is +cryptographically impossible to translate from unix style encryption +to SMB style encryption, although there are some fairly simple management +schemes by which the two could be kept in sync. +</para> +</sect1> +</chapter> |