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diff --git a/docs/howto/StandAloneServer.xml b/docs/howto/StandAloneServer.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a996aac22e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/howto/StandAloneServer.xml @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +<chapter id="StandAloneServer"> +<chapterinfo> + &author.jht; +</chapterinfo> +<title>Stand-alone Servers</title> + +<para> +Stand-alone Servers are independent of Domain Controllers on the network. +They are not Domain Members and function more like workgroup servers. In many +cases a Stand-alone Server is configured with a minimum of security control +with the intent that all data served will be readily accessible to all users. +</para> + +<sect1> +<title>Features and Benefits</title> + +<para> +Stand-alone Servers can be as secure or as insecure as needs dictate. They can +have simple or complex configurations. Above all, despite the hoopla about +Domain Security they remain a common installation. +</para> + +<para> +If all that is needed is a server for read-only files, or for +printers alone, it may not make sense to effect a complex installation. +For example: A drafting office needs to store old drawings and reference +standards. No-one can write files to the server as it is legislatively +important that all documents remain unaltered. A share mode read-only Stand-alone +Server is an ideal solution. +</para> + +<para> +Another situation that warrants simplicity is an office that has many printers +that are queued off a single central server. Everyone needs to be able to print +to the printers, there is no need to effect any access controls and no files will +be served from the print server. Again, a share mode Stand-alone Server makes +a great solution. +</para> +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Background</title> + +<para> +The term <emphasis>Stand-alone Server</emphasis> means that it +will provide local authentication and access control for all resources +that are available from it. In general this means that there will be a +local user database. In more technical terms, it means resources +on the machine will be made available in either SHARE mode or in +USER mode. +</para> + +<para> +No special action is needed other than to create user accounts. Stand-alone +servers do not provide network logon services. This means that machines that +use this server do not perform a domain logon to it. Whatever logon facility +the workstations are subject to is independent of this machine. It is, however, +necessary to accommodate any network user so the logon name they use will +be translated (mapped) locally on the Stand-alone Server to a locally known +user name. There are several ways this can be done. +</para> + +<para> +Samba tends to blur the distinction a little in respect of what is +a Stand-alone Server. This is because the authentication database may be +local or on a remote server, even if from the SMB protocol perspective +the Samba server is not a member of a domain security context. +</para> + +<para> +Through the use of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) and the name service switcher (NSSWITCH), +which maintains the UNIX-user database) the source of authentication may reside on +another server. We would be inclined to call this the authentication server. +This means that the Samba server may use the local UNIX/Linux system password database +(<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>), may use a +local smbpasswd file, or may use an LDAP backend, or even via PAM and Winbind another CIFS/SMB server +for authentication. +</para> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Example Configuration</title> + +<para> +The examples, <link linkend="simplynice">Reference Documentation Server</link>, and +<link linkend="SimplePrintServer">Central Print Serving</link>, +are designed to inspire simplicity. It is too easy to attempt a high level of creativity +and to introduce too much complexity in server and network design. +</para> + +<sect2 id="RefDocServer"> +<title>Reference Documentation Server</title> + +<para> +Configuration of a read-only data server that everyone can access is very simple. +<link linkend="simplynice">Following example</link> is the &smb.conf; file that will do this. Assume that all the reference documents +are stored in the directory <filename>/export</filename>, and the documents are owned by a user other than +nobody. No home directories are shared, and there are no users in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> +UNIX system database. This is a simple system to administer. +</para> + +<smbconfexample id="simplynice"> +<title>smb.conf for Reference Documentation Server</title> +<smbconfcomment> Global parameters</smbconfcomment> +<smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection> +<smbconfoption><name>workgroup</name><value>&example.workgroup;</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>netbios name</name><value>&example.server.samba;</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>security</name><value>SHARE</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name><value>guest</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>wins server</name><value>192.168.1.1</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfsection>[data]</smbconfsection> +<smbconfoption><name>comment</name><value>Data</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>path</name><value>/export</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>guest only</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption> +</smbconfexample> + +<para> +In <link linkend="simplynice">the example</link> above, the machine name is set to &example.server.samba;, the workgroup is set to the name +of the local workgroup (&example.workgroup;) so the machine will appear together with systems with +which users are familiar. The only password backend required is the <quote>guest</quote> backend to allow default +unprivileged account names to be used. As there is a WINS server on this network, we of obviously make use of it. +</para> + +</sect2> + +<sect2 id="SimplePrintServer"> +<title>Central Print Serving</title> + +<para> +Configuration of a simple print server is easy if you have all the right tools +on your system. +</para> + +<orderedlist> +<title> Assumptions:</title> + <listitem><para> + The print server must require no administration. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + The print spooling and processing system on our print server will be CUPS. + (Please refer to <link linkend="CUPS-printing">CUPS Printing Support</link> for more information). + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + The print server will service only network printers. The network administrator + will correctly configure the CUPS environment to support the printers. + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + All workstations will use only postscript drivers. The printer driver + of choice is the one shipped with the Windows OS for the Apple Color LaserWriter. + </para></listitem> +</orderedlist> + +<para> +In this example our print server will spool all incoming print jobs to +<filename>/var/spool/samba</filename> until the job is ready to be submitted by +Samba to the CUPS print processor. Since all incoming connections will be as +the anonymous (guest) user, two things will be required: +</para> + +<itemizedlist> +<title>Enabling Anonymous Printing</title> + <listitem><para> + The UNIX/Linux system must have a <command>guest</command> account. + The default for this is usually the account <command>nobody</command>. + To find the correct name to use for your version of Samba, do the + following: +<screen> +&prompt;<userinput>testparm -s -v | grep "guest account"</userinput> +</screen> + Make sure that this account exists in your system password + database (<filename>/etc/passwd</filename>). + </para></listitem> + + <listitem><para> + The directory into which Samba will spool the file must have write + access for the guest account. The following commands will ensure that + this directory is available for use: +<screen> +&rootprompt;<userinput>mkdir /var/spool/samba</userinput> +&rootprompt;<userinput>chown nobody.nobody /var/spool/samba</userinput> +&rootprompt;<userinput>chmod a+rwt /var/spool/samba</userinput> +</screen> + </para></listitem> +</itemizedlist> + +<para> +The contents of the &smb.conf; file is shown in <link linkend="AnonPtrSvr">the next example</link>. +</para> + +<para> +<smbconfexample id="AnonPtrSvr"> +<title>&smb.conf; for Anonymous Printing</title> +<smbconfcomment> Global parameters</smbconfcomment> +<smbconfsection>[global]</smbconfsection> +<smbconfoption><name>workgroup</name><value>&example.workgroup;</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>netbios name</name><value>&example.server.samba;</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>security</name><value>SHARE</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>passdb backend</name><value>guest</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>printing</name><value>cups</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>printcap name</name><value>cups</value></smbconfoption> + +<smbconfsection>[printers]</smbconfsection> +<smbconfoption><name>comment</name><value>All Printers</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>path</name><value>/var/spool/samba</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>printer admin</name><value>root</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>guest ok</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>printable</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>use client driver</name><value>Yes</value></smbconfoption> +<smbconfoption><name>browseable</name><value>No</value></smbconfoption> +</smbconfexample> +</para> + + +<note><para> +<indexterm><primary>MIME</primary><secondary>raw</secondary></indexterm> +<indexterm><primary>raw printing</primary></indexterm> +On CUPS-enabled systems there is a facility to pass raw data directly to the printer without +intermediate processing via CUPS print filters. Where use of this mode of operation is desired, +it is necessary to configure a raw printing device. It is also necessary to enable the raw mime +handler in the <filename>/etc/mime.conv</filename> and <filename>/etc/mime.types</filename> +files. Refer to <link linkend="cups-raw">Explicitly Enable <quote>raw</quote> Printing for +<emphasis>application/octet-stream</emphasis></link>. +</para></note> + +</sect2> + +</sect1> + +<sect1> +<title>Common Errors</title> + +<para> +The greatest mistake so often made is to make a network configuration too complex. +It pays to use the simplest solution that will meet the needs of the moment. +</para> + +</sect1> +</chapter> |