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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/NT4Migration.html b/docs/htmldocs/NT4Migration.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..878aa5ec22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/NT4Migration.html @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="migration.html" title="Part IV. Migration and Updating"><link rel="previous" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html" title="Chapter 30. Upgrading from Samba-2.x to Samba-3.0.0"><link rel="next" href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter 32. SWAT The Samba Web Administration Tool"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Migration and Updating</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="NT4Migration"></a>Chapter 31. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3, 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2966015">Planning and Getting Started</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2966040">Objectives</a></dt><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2966502">Steps in Migration Process</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2966757">Migration Options</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2966862">Planning for Success</a></dt><dt><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2967145">Samba-3 Implementation Choices</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> +This is a rough guide to assist those wishing to migrate from NT4 Domain Control to +Samba-3-based Domain Control. +</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2966015"></a>Planning and Getting Started</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +In the IT world there is often a saying that all problems are encountered because of +poor planning. The corollary to this saying is that not all problems can be anticipated +and planned for. Then again, good planning will anticipate most show-stopper-type situations. +</p><p> +Those wishing to migrate from MS Windows NT4 Domain Control to a Samba-3 Domain Control +environment would do well to develop a detailed migration plan. So here are a few pointers to +help migration get under way. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2966040"></a>Objectives</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The key objective for most organizations will be to make the migration from MS Windows NT4 +to Samba-3 Domain Control as painless as possible. One of the challenges you may experience +in your migration process may well be one of convincing management that the new environment +should remain in place. Many who have introduced open source technologies have experienced +pressure to return to a Microsoft-based platform solution at the first sign of trouble. +</p><p> +Before attempting a migration to a Samba-3 controlled network, make every possible effort to +gain all-round commitment to the change. Know precisely <span class="emphasis"><em>why</em></span> the change +is important for the organization. Possible motivations to make a change include: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Improve network manageability.</p></li><li><p>Obtain better user level functionality.</p></li><li><p>Reduce network operating costs.</p></li><li><p>Reduce exposure caused by Microsoft withdrawal of NT4 support.</p></li><li><p>Avoid MS License 6 implications.</p></li><li><p>Reduce organization's dependency on Microsoft.</p></li></ul></div><p> +Make sure everyone knows that Samba-3 is not MS Windows NT4. Samba-3 offers +an alternative solution that is both different from MS Windows NT4 and offers +advantages compared with it. Gain recognition that Samba-3 lacks many of the +features that Microsoft has promoted as core values in migration from MS Windows NT4 to +MS Windows 2000 and beyond (with or without Active Directory services). +</p><p> +What are the features that Samba-3 cannot provide? +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Active Directory Server.</p></li><li><p>Group Policy Objects (in Active Directory).</p></li><li><p>Machine Policy Objects.</p></li><li><p>Logon Scripts in Active Directory.</p></li><li><p>Software Application and Access Controls in Active Directory.</p></li></ul></div><p> +The features that Samba-3 does provide and that may be of compelling interest to your site +include: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Lower cost of ownership.</p></li><li><p>Global availability of support with no strings attached.</p></li><li><p>Dynamic SMB Servers (can run more than one SMB/CIFS server per UNIX/Linux system).</p></li><li><p>Creation of on-the-fly logon scripts.</p></li><li><p>Creation of on-the-fly Policy Files.</p></li><li><p>Greater stability, reliability, performance and availability.</p></li><li><p>Manageability via an ssh connection.</p></li><li><p>Flexible choices of back-end authentication technologies (tdbsam, ldapsam, mysqlsam).</p></li><li><p>Ability to implement a full single-sign-on architecture.</p></li><li><p>Ability to distribute authentication systems for absolute minimum wide area network bandwidth demand.</p></li></ul></div><p> +Before migrating a network from MS Windows NT4 to Samba-3, consider all necessary factors. Users +should be educated about changes they may experience so the change will be a welcome one +and not become an obstacle to the work they need to do. The following are factors that will +help ensure a successful migration: +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2966252"></a>Domain Layout</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Samba-3 can be configured as a Domain Controller, a back-up Domain Controller (probably best called +a secondary controller), a Domain Member, or as a stand-alone Server. The Windows network security +domain context should be sized and scoped before implementation. Particular attention needs to be +paid to the location of the primary Domain Controller (PDC) as well as backup controllers (BDCs). +One way in which Samba-3 differs from Microsoft technology is that if one chooses to use an LDAP +authentication backend, then the same database can be used by several different domains. In a +complex organization, there can be a single LDAP database, which itself can be distributed (have +a master server and multiple slave servers) that can simultaneously serve multiple domains. +</p><p> +>From a design perspective, the number of users per server as well as the number of servers per +domain should be scaled taking into consideration server capacity and network bandwidth. +</p><p> +A physical network segment may house several domains. Each may span multiple network segments. +Where domains span routed network segments, consider and test the performance implications of +the design and layout of a network. A centrally located Domain Controller that is designed to +serve multiple routed network segments may result in severe performance problems. Check the +response time (ping timing) between the remote segment and the PDC. If +it's long (more than 100 ms), +locate a backup controller (BDC) on the remote segment to serve as the local authentication and +access control server. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2966306"></a>Server Share and Directory Layout</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +There are cardinal rules to effective network design that cannot be broken with impunity. +The most important rule: Simplicity is king in every well-controlled network. Every part of +the infrastructure must be managed; the more complex it is, the greater will be the demand +of keeping systems secure and functional. +</p><p> +Keep in mind the nature of how data must be shared. Physical disk space layout should be considered +carefully. Some data must be backed up. The simpler the disk layout the easier it will be to +keep track of backup needs. Identify what backup media will meet your needs; consider backup to tape, +CD-ROM or (DVD-ROM), or other offline storage medium. Plan and implement for minimum +maintenance. Leave nothing to chance in your design; above all, do not leave backups to chance: +Backup, test, and validate every backup, create a disaster recovery plan and prove that it works. +</p><p> +Users should be grouped according to data access control needs. File and directory access +is best controlled via group permissions and the use of the “<span class="quote">sticky bit</span>” on group controlled +directories may substantially avoid file access complaints from Samba share users. +</p><p> +Inexperienced network administrators often attempt elaborate techniques to set access +controls on files, directories, shares, as well as in share definitions. +Keep your design and implementation simple and document your design extensively. Have others +audit your documentation. Do not create a complex mess that your successor will not understand. +Remember, job security through complex design and implementation may cause loss of operations +and downtime to users as the new administrator learns to untangle your knots. Keep access +controls simple and effective and make sure that users will never be interrupted by obtuse +complexity. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2966369"></a>Logon Scripts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Logon scripts can help to ensure that all users gain the share and printer connections they need. +</p><p> +Logon scripts can be created on-the-fly so all commands executed are specific to the +rights and privileges granted to the user. The preferred controls should be affected through +group membership so group information can be used to create a custom logon script using +the <a class="indexterm" name="id2966390"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>root preexec</tt></i> parameters to the <i class="parameter"><tt>NETLOGON</tt></i> share. +</p><p> +Some sites prefer to use a tool such as <b class="command">kixstart</b> to establish a controlled +user environment. In any case, you may wish to do a Google search for logon script process controls. +In particular, you may wish to explore the use of the Microsoft KnowledgeBase article KB189105 that +deals with how to add printers without user intervention via the logon script process. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2966432"></a>Profile Migration/Creation</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +User and Group Profiles may be migrated using the tools described in the section titled Desktop Profile +Management. +</p><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2966449"></a> +Profiles may also be managed using the Samba-3 tool <b class="command">profiles</b>. This tool allows +the MS Windows NT-style security identifiers (SIDs) that are stored inside the profile <tt class="filename">NTuser.DAT</tt> file +to be changed to the SID of the Samba-3 domain. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2966477"></a>User and Group Accounts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +It is possible to migrate all account settings from an MS Windows NT4 domain to Samba-3. Before +attempting to migrate user and group accounts, it is STRONGLY advised to create in Samba-3 the +groups that are present on the MS Windows NT4 domain <span class="emphasis"><em>AND</em></span> to map them to +suitable UNIX/Linux groups. By following this simple advice, all user and group attributes +should migrate painlessly. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2966502"></a>Steps in Migration Process</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The approximate migration process is described below. +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> +You have an NT4 PDC that has the users, groups, policies and profiles to be migrated. +</p></li><li><p> +Samba-3 set up as a DC with netlogon share, profile share, and so on. Configure the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file +to fucntion as a BDC, i.e., <i class="parameter"><tt>domain master = No</tt></i>. +</p></li></ul></div><div class="procedure"><p class="title"><b>Procedure 31.1. The Account Migration Process</b></p><ol type="1"><li><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2966561"></a> + Create a BDC account in the old NT4 domain for the Samba server using NT Server Manager.</p><ol type="a"><li><p>Samba must not be running.</p></li></ol></li><li><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2966592"></a> + <b class="userinput"><tt>net rpc join -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMNAME</tt></i> -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net rpc vampire -S <i class="replaceable"><tt>NT4PDC</tt></i> -U administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>passwd</tt></i></tt></b></p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -L</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Note did the users migrate?</p></li></ol></li><li><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2966676"></a> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2966687"></a> + Now assign each of the UNIX groups to NT groups: + (It may be useful to copy this text to a script called <tt class="filename">initGroups.sh</tt>) + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +#!/bin/bash +#### Keep this as a shell script for future re-use + +# First assign well known domain global groups +net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=root rid=512 +net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users rid=513 +net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody rid=514 + +# Now for our added domain global groups +net groupmap add ntgroup="Designers" unixgroup=designers type=d rid=3200 +net groupmap add ntgroup="Engineers" unixgroup=engineers type=d rid=3210 +net groupmap add ntgroup="QA Team" unixgroup=qateam type=d rid=3220 +</pre><p> + </p></li><li><p><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap list</tt></b></p><ol type="a"><li><p>Check that all groups are recognized.</p></li></ol></li></ol></div><p> +Migrate all the profiles, then migrate all policy files. +</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2966757"></a>Migration Options</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Sites that wish to migrate from MS Windows NT4 Domain Control to a Samba-based solution +generally fit into three basic categories. <link linkend="majtypes"> shows the possibilities. +</p><div class="table"><a name="majtypes"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 31.1. The Three Major Site Types</b></p><table summary="The Three Major Site Types" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Number of Users</th><th align="justify">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">< 50</td><td align="justify"><p>Want simple conversion with no pain.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">50 - 250</td><td align="justify"><p>Want new features, can manage some in-house complexity.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">> 250</td><td align="justify"><p>Solution/Implementation must scale well, complex needs. Cross-departmental decision process. Local expertise in most areas.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2966862"></a>Planning for Success</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +There are three basic choices for sites that intend to migrate from MS Windows NT4 +to Samba-3: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + Simple conversion (total replacement). + </p></li><li><p> + Upgraded conversion (could be one of integration). + </p></li><li><p> + Complete redesign (completely new solution). + </p></li></ul></div><p> +Minimize down-stream problems by: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + Taking sufficient time. + </p></li><li><p> + Avoiding Panic. + </p></li><li><p> + Testing all assumptions. + </p></li><li><p> + Testing the full roll-out program, including workstation deployment. + </p></li></ul></div><p><link linkend="natconchoices"> lists the conversion choices given the type of migration +being contemplated. +</p><div class="table"><a name="natconchoices"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 31.2. Nature of the Conversion Choices</b></p><table summary="Nature of the Conversion Choices" border="1"><colgroup><col align="justify"><col align="justify"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="justify">Simple</th><th align="justify">Upgraded</th><th align="justify">Redesign</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make use of minimal OS specific features.</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Translate NT4 features to new host OS features.</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Decide:</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Move all accounts from NT4 into Samba-3</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Copy and improve</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Authentication regime (database location and access)</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make least number of operational changes</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Make progressive improvements</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Desktop management methods</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Take least amount of time to migrate</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Minimize user impact</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Better control of Desktops/Users</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Live versus isolated conversion</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Maximize functionality</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Identify Needs for: <span class="emphasis"><em>Manageability, Scalability, Security, Availability</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Integrate Samba-3 then migrate while users are active, then change of control (swap out)</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Take advantage of lower maintenance opportunity</p></td><td align="justify"><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2967145"></a>Samba-3 Implementation Choices</h3></div></div><div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Authentication Database/Backend</span></dt><dd><p> + Samba-3 can use an external authentication backend: + </p><p> + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Winbind (external Samba or NT4/200x server).</p></li><li><p>External server could use Active Directory or NT4 Domain.</p></li><li><p>Can use pam_mkhomedir.so to auto-create home dirs.</p></li><li><p> + Samba-3 can use a local authentication backend: <i class="parameter"><tt>smbpasswd, tdbsam, ldapsam, mysqlsam</tt></i></p></li></ul></div><p> + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Access Control Points</span></dt><dd><p> + Samba permits Access Control Points to be set: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>On the share itself using Share ACLs.</p></li><li><p>On the file system using UNIX permissions on files and directories.</p><p>Note: Can enable Posix ACLs in file system also.</p></li><li><p>Through Samba share parameters not recommended except as last resort.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Policies (migrate or create new ones)</span></dt><dd><p> + Exercise great caution when affecting registry changes, use the right tool and be aware + that changes made through NT4-style <tt class="filename">NTConfig.POL</tt> files can leave + permanent changes. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Using Group Policy Editor (NT4).</p></li><li><p>Watch out for Tattoo effect.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">User and Group Profiles</span></dt><dd><p> + Platform-specific so use platform tool to change from a Local to a Roaming profile. + Can use new profiles tool to change SIDs (<tt class="filename">NTUser.DAT</tt>). + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Logon Scripts</span></dt><dd><p> + Know how they work. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">User and Group Mapping to UNIX/Linux</span></dt><dd><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2967357"></a> + User and Group mapping code is new. Many problems have been experienced as network administrators + who are familiar with Samba-2.2.x migrate to Samba-3. Carefully study the chapters that document + the new password backend behavior and the new group mapping functionality. + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The <i class="parameter"><tt>username map</tt></i> facility may be needed.</p></li><li><p>Use <b class="command">net groupmap</b> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li><p>Use <b class="command">pdbedit</b> to set/change user configuration.</p><p> + When migrating to LDAP backend, it may be easier to dump the initial + LDAP database to LDIF, edit, then reload into LDAP. + </p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">OS Specific Scripts/Programs may be Needed</span></dt><dd><p> + Every operating system has its peculiarities. These are the result of engineering decisions + that were based on the experience of the designer, and may have side-effects that were not + anticipated. Limitations that may bite the Windows network administrator include: + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Add/Delete Users: Note OS limits on size of name + (Linux 8 chars) NT4 up to 254 chars.</p></li><li><p>Add/Delete Machines: Applied only to Domain Members + (Note: machine names may be limited to 16 characters).</p></li><li><p>Use <b class="command">net groupmap</b> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li><p>Add/Delete Groups: Note OS limits on size and nature. + Linux limit is 16 char, no spaces and no upper case chars (<b class="command">groupadd</b>).</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Migration Tools</span></dt><dd><p> +<a class="indexterm" name="id2967505"></a> + Domain Control (NT4 Style) Profiles, Policies, Access Controls, Security + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Samba: <b class="command">net, rpcclient, smbpasswd, pdbedit, profiles.</b></p></li><li><p>Windows: <b class="command">NT4 Domain User Manager, Server Manager (NEXUS)</b></p></li></ul></div><p> + </p></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="migration.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 30. 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