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-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="NetworkBrowsing.html" title="Chapter 10. Samba / MS Windows Network Browsing Guide"><link rel="next" href="groupmapping.html" title="Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and Unix Groups"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NetworkBrowsing.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="groupmapping.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="passdb"></a>Chapter 11. Account Information Databases</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jelmer@samba.org">jelmer@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jeremy</span> <span class="surname">Allison</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jra@samba.org">jra@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Olivier (lem)</span> <span class="surname">Lemaire</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">IDEALX<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:olem@IDEALX.org">olem@IDEALX.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">May 24, 2003</p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2911689">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2908580">Technical Information</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2908644">Important Notes About Security</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2908888">Mapping User Identifiers between MS Windows and Unix</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2908943">Account Management Tools</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2908975">The smbpasswd Command</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2909240">The pdbedit Command</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2909374">Password Backends</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2909410">Plain Text</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2909450">smbpasswd - Encrypted Password Database</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2913891">tdbsam</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2913919">ldapsam</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2915407">MySQL</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#XMLpassdb">XML</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2916213">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2916220">Users can not logon - Users not in Samba SAM</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2916235">Users are being added to the wrong backend database</a></dt><dt><a href="passdb.html#id2916295">auth methods does not work</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
-Samba-3 implements a new capability to work concurrently with multiple account backends.
-The possible new combinations of password backends allows Samba-3 a degree of flexibility
-and scalability that previously could be achieved only with MS Windows Active Directory.
-This chapter describes the new functionality and how to get the most out of it.
-</p><p>
-In the course of development of Samba-3, a number of requests were received to provide the
-ability to migrate MS Windows NT4 SAM accounts to Samba-3 without the need to provide
-matching Unix/Linux accounts. We called this the <span class="emphasis"><em>Non Unix Accounts (NUA)</em></span>
-capability. The intent was that an administrator could decide to use the <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span>
-backend and by simply specifying <span class="emphasis"><em>&quot;passdb backend = tdbsam_nua, guest&quot;</em></span>
-this would allow Samba-3 to implement a solution that did not use Unix accounts per se. Late
-in the development cycle, the team doing this work hit upon some obstacles that prevents this
-solution from being used. Given the delays with Samba-3 release a decision was made to NOT
-deliver this functionality until a better method of recognising NT Group SIDs from NT User
-SIDs could be found. This feature may thus return during the life cycle for the Samba-3 series.
-</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
-Samba-3.0.0 does NOT support Non-Unix Account (NUA) operation.
-</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2911689"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-Samba-3 provides for complete backwards compatibility with Samba-2.2.x functionality
-as follows:
-</p><div class="variablelist"><p class="title"><b>Backwards Compatibility Backends</b></p><dl><dt><span class="term">Plain Text:</span></dt><dd><p>
- This option uses nothing but the Unix/Linux <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt>
- style back end. On systems that have PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
- support all PAM modules are supported. The behaviour is just as it was with
- Samba-2.2.x, and the protocol limitations imposed by MS Windows clients
- apply likewise.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">smbpasswd:</span></dt><dd><p>
- This option allows continues use of the <tt class="filename">smbpasswd</tt>
- file that maintains a plain ASCII (text) layout that includes the MS Windows
- LanMan and NT encrypted passwords as well as a field that stores some
- account information. This form of password backend does NOT store any of
- the MS Windows NT/200x SAM (Security Account Manager) information needed to
- provide the extended controls that are needed for more comprehensive
- interoperation with MS Windows NT4 / 200x servers.
- </p><p>
- This backend should be used only for backwards compatibility with older
- versions of Samba. It may be deprecated in future releases.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">ldapsam_compat (Samba-2.2 LDAP Compatibility):</span></dt><dd><p>
- There is a password backend option that allows continued operation with
- a existing OpenLDAP backend that uses the Samba-2.2.x LDAP schema extension.
- This option is provided primarily as a migration tool, although there is
- no reason to force migration at this time. Note that this tool will eventually
- be deprecated.
- </p></dd></dl></div><p>
-Samba-3 introduces the following new password backend capabilities:
-</p><div class="variablelist"><p class="title"><b>New Backends</b></p><dl><dt><span class="term">guest:</span></dt><dd><p>
- This is <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> required as the last backend specified.
- It provides the ability to handle guest account requirements for access to
- resources like <i class="parameter"><tt>IPC$</tt></i> which is used for browsing.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">tdbsam:</span></dt><dd><p>
- This backend provides a rich database backend for local servers. This
- backend is NOT suitable for multiple domain controller (ie: PDC + one
- or more BDC) installations.
- </p><p>
- The <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> password backend stores the old <span class="emphasis"><em>
- smbpasswd</em></span> information PLUS the extended MS Windows NT / 200x
- SAM information into a binary format TDB (trivial database) file.
- The inclusion of the extended information makes it possible for Samba-3
- to implement the same account and system access controls that are possible
- with MS Windows NT4 and MS Windows 200x based systems.
- </p><p>
- The inclusion of the <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> capability is a direct
- response to user requests to allow simple site operation without the overhead
- of the complexities of running OpenLDAP. It is recommended to use this only
- for sites that have fewer than 250 users. For larger sites or implementations
- the use of OpenLDAP or of Active Directory integration is strongly recommended.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">ldapsam:</span></dt><dd><p>
- This provides a rich directory backend for distributed account installation.
- </p><p>
- Samba-3 has a new and extended LDAP implementation that requires configuration
- of OpenLDAP with a new format samba schema. The new format schema file is
- included in the <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP</tt> directory of the Samba distribution.
- </p><p>
- The new LDAP implementation significantly expands the control abilities that
- were possible with prior versions of Samba. It is now possible to specify
- &quot;per user&quot; profile settings, home directories, account access controls, and
- much more. Corporate sites will see that the Samba-Team has listened to their
- requests both for capability and to allow greater scalability.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">mysqlsam (MySQL based backend):</span></dt><dd><p>
- It is expected that the MySQL based SAM will be very popular in some corners.
- This database backend will be on considerable interest to sites that want to
- leverage existing MySQL technology.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">xmlsam (XML based datafile):</span></dt><dd><p>
- Allows the account and password data to be stored in an XML format
- data file. This backend can not be used for normal operation, it can only
- be used in conjunction with <b class="command">pdbedit</b>'s pdb2pdb
- functionality. The DTD that is used might be subject to changes in the future.
- </p><p>
- The xmlsam option can be useful for account migration between database
- backends or backups. Use of this tool will allow the data to be edited before migration
- into another backend format.
- </p></dd><dt><span class="term">nisplussam:</span></dt><dd><p>
- The NIS+ based passdb backend. Takes name NIS domain as an
- optional argument. Only works with Sun NIS+ servers.
- </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2908580"></a>Technical Information</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Old windows clients send plain text passwords over the wire. Samba can check these
- passwords by crypting them and comparing them to the hash stored in the unix user database.
- </p><p>
- Newer windows clients send encrypted passwords (so-called Lanman and NT hashes) over
- the wire, instead of plain text passwords. The newest clients will send only encrypted
- passwords and refuse to send plain text passwords, unless their registry is tweaked.
- </p><p>
- These passwords can't be converted to unix style encrypted passwords. Because of that,
- you can't use the standard unix user database, and you have to store the Lanman and NT
- hashes somewhere else.
- </p><p>
- In addition to differently encrypted passwords, windows also stores certain data for each
- user that is not stored in a unix user database. e.g: workstations the user may logon from,
- the location where the users' profile is stored, and so on. Samba retrieves and stores this
- information using a <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i>. Commonly available backends are LDAP, plain text
- file, MySQL and nisplus. For more information, see the man page for <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> regarding the
- <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> parameter.
- </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2908644"></a>Important Notes About Security</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The unix and SMB password encryption techniques seem similar on the surface. This
- similarity is, however, only skin deep. The unix scheme typically sends clear text
- passwords over the network when logging in. This is bad. The SMB encryption scheme
- never sends the cleartext password over the network but it does store the 16 byte
- hashed values on disk. This is also bad. Why? Because the 16 byte hashed values
- are a &quot;password equivalent&quot;. You cannot derive the user's password from them, but
- they could potentially be used in a modified client to gain access to a server.
- This would require considerable technical knowledge on behalf of the attacker but
- is perfectly possible. You should thus treat the data stored in whatever passdb
- backend you use (smbpasswd file, ldap, mysql) as though it contained the cleartext
- passwords of all your users. Its contents must be kept secret, and the file should
- be protected accordingly.
- </p><p>
- Ideally we would like a password scheme that involves neither plain text passwords
- on the net nor on disk. Unfortunately this is not available as Samba is stuck with
- having to be compatible with other SMB systems (WinNT, WfWg, Win95 etc).
- </p><p>
- Windows NT 4.0 Service pack 3 changed the default setting so that plaintext passwords
- are disabled from being sent over the wire. This mandates either the use of encrypted
- password support or edit the Windows NT registry to re-enable plaintext passwords.
- </p><p>
- The following versions of MS Windows do not support full domain security protocols,
- although they may log onto a domain environment:
- </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>MS DOS Network client 3.0 with the basic network redirector installed</td></tr><tr><td>Windows 95 with the network redirector update installed</td></tr><tr><td>Windows 98 [se]</td></tr><tr><td>Windows Me</td></tr></table><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
- MS Windows XP Home does not have facilities to become a domain member and it can
- not participate in domain logons.
- </p></div><p>
- The following versions of MS Windows fully support domain security protocols.
- </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Windows NT 3.5x</td></tr><tr><td>Windows NT 4.0</td></tr><tr><td>Windows 2000 Professional</td></tr><tr><td>Windows 200x Server/Advanced Server</td></tr><tr><td>Windows XP Professional</td></tr></table><p>
- All current release of Microsoft SMB/CIFS clients support authentication via the
- SMB Challenge/Response mechanism described here. Enabling clear text authentication
- does not disable the ability of the client to participate in encrypted authentication.
- Instead, it allows the client to negotiate either plain text _or_ encrypted password
- handling.
- </p><p>
- MS Windows clients will cache the encrypted password alone. Where plain text passwords
- are re-enabled, through the appropriate registry change, the plain text password is NEVER
- cached. This means that in the event that a network connections should become disconnected
- (broken) only the cached (encrypted) password will be sent to the resource server to
- affect a auto-reconnect. If the resource server does not support encrypted passwords the
- auto-reconnect will fail. <span class="emphasis"><em>USE OF ENCRYPTED PASSWORDS IS STRONGLY ADVISED.</em></span>
- </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2908797"></a>Advantages of Encrypted Passwords</h4></div></div><div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Plain text passwords are not passed across
- the network. Someone using a network sniffer cannot just
- record passwords going to the SMB server.</p></li><li><p>Plain text passwords are not stored anywhere in
- memory or on disk.</p></li><li><p>WinNT doesn't like talking to a server
- that does not support encrypted passwords. It will refuse
- to browse the server if the server is also in user level
- security mode. It will insist on prompting the user for the
- password on each connection, which is very annoying. The
- only things you can do to stop this is to use SMB encryption.
- </p></li><li><p>Encrypted password support allows automatic share
- (resource) reconnects.</p></li><li><p>Encrypted passwords are essential for PDC/BDC
- operation.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2908851"></a>Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</h4></div></div><div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Plain text passwords are not kept
- on disk, and are NOT cached in memory. </p></li><li><p>Uses same password file as other unix
- services such as login and ftp</p></li><li><p>Use of other services (such as telnet and ftp) which
- send plain text passwords over the net, so sending them for SMB
- isn't such a big deal.</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2908888"></a>Mapping User Identifiers between MS Windows and Unix</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Every operation in Unix/Linux requires a user identifier (UID), just as in
- MS Windows NT4 / 200x this requires a Security Identifier (SID). Samba provides
- two means for mapping an MS Windows user to a Unix/Linux UID.
- </p><p>
- Firstly, all Samba SAM (Security Account Manager database) accounts require
- a Unix/Linux UID that the account will map to. As users are added to the account
- information database, Samba-3 will call the <i class="parameter"><tt>add user script</tt></i>
- interface to add the account to the Samba host OS. In essence, all accounts in
- the local SAM require a local user account.
- </p><p>
- The second way to affect Windows SID to Unix UID mapping is via the
- <span class="emphasis"><em>idmap uid, idmap gid</em></span> parameters in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>.
- Please refer to the man page for information about these parameters.
- These parameters are essential when mapping users from a remote SAM server.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2908943"></a>Account Management Tools</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-Samba-3 provides two (2) tools for management of User and machine accounts. These tools are
-called <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> and <b class="command">pdbedit</b>. A third tool is under
-development but is NOT expected to ship in time for Samba-3.0.0. The new tool will be a TCL/TK
-GUI tool that looks much like the MS Windows NT4 Domain User Manager - hopefully this will
-be announced in time for the Samba-3.0.1 release.
-</p><div xmlns:ns22="" class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2908975"></a>The <span class="emphasis"><em>smbpasswd</em></span> Command</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The smbpasswd utility is a utility similar to the <b class="command">passwd</b>
- or <b class="command">yppasswd</b> programs. It maintains the two 32 byte password
- fields in the passdb backend.
- </p><p>
- <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> works in a client-server mode where it contacts the
- local smbd to change the user's password on its behalf. This has enormous benefits
- as follows:
- </p><p>
- <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> has the capability to change passwords on Windows NT
- servers (this only works when the request is sent to the NT Primary Domain Controller
- if changing an NT Domain user's password).
- </p><p>
- <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> can be used to:
- </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>add</em></span> user or machine accounts</td></tr><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>delete</em></span> user or machine accounts</td></tr><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>enable</em></span> user or machine accounts</td></tr><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>disable</em></span> user or machine accounts</td></tr><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>set to NULL</em></span> user passwords</td></tr><tr><td><span class="emphasis"><em>manage interdomain trust accounts</em></span></td></tr></table><p>
- To run smbpasswd as a normal user just type:
- </p><ns22:p>
- </ns22:p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd</tt></b>
- <tt class="prompt">Old SMB password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i></tt></b>
- </pre><ns22:p>
- For <i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i> type old value here - or hit return if
- there was no old password
- </ns22:p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">New SMB Password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>new secret</tt></i></tt></b>
- <tt class="prompt">Repeat New SMB Password: </tt><b class="userinput"><tt><i class="replaceable"><tt>new secret</tt></i></tt></b>
- </pre><ns22:p>
- </ns22:p><p>
- If the old value does not match the current value stored for that user, or the two
- new values do not match each other, then the password will not be changed.
- </p><p>
- When invoked by an ordinary user it will only allow change of their own
- SMB password.
- </p><p>
- When run by root smbpasswd may take an optional argument, specifying
- the user name whose SMB password you wish to change. When run as root, smbpasswd
- does not prompt for or check the old password value, thus allowing root to set passwords
- for users who have forgotten their passwords.
- </p><p>
- <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> is designed to work in the way familiar to UNIX
- users who use the <b class="command">passwd</b> or <b class="command">yppasswd</b> commands.
- While designed for administrative use, this tool provides essential user level
- password change capabilities.
- </p><p>
- For more details on using <b class="command">smbpasswd</b> refer to the man page (the
- definitive reference).
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2909240"></a>The <span class="emphasis"><em>pdbedit</em></span> Command</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- <b class="command">pdbedit</b> is a tool that can be used only by root. It is used to
- manage the passdb backend. <b class="command">pdbedit</b> can be used to:
- </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>add, remove or modify user accounts</td></tr><tr><td>listing user accounts</td></tr><tr><td>migrate user accounts</td></tr></table><p>
- The <b class="command">pdbedit</b> tool is the only one that can manage the account
- security and policy settings. It is capable of all operations that smbpasswd can
- do as well as a super set of them.
- </p><p>
- One particularly important purpose of the <b class="command">pdbedit</b> is to allow
- the migration of account information from one passdb backend to another. See the
- <a href="passdb.html#XMLpassdb" title="XML">XML</a> password backend section of this chapter.
- </p><p>
- The following is an example of the user account information that is stored in
- a tdbsam password backend. This listing was produced by running:
- </p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -Lv met</tt></b>
- Unix username: met
- NT username:
- Account Flags: [UX ]
- User SID: S-1-5-21-1449123459-1407424037-3116680435-2004
- Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1449123459-1407424037-3116680435-1201
- Full Name: Melissa E Terpstra
- Home Directory: \\frodo\met\Win9Profile
- HomeDir Drive: H:
- Logon Script: scripts\logon.bat
- Profile Path: \\frodo\Profiles\met
- Domain: MIDEARTH
- Account desc:
- Workstations: melbelle
- Munged dial:
- Logon time: 0
- Logoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT
- Kickoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT
- Password last set: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 14:37:03 GMT
- Password can change: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 14:37:03 GMT
- Password must change: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT
- </pre></div></div><div xmlns:ns23="" class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2909374"></a>Password Backends</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-Samba-3 offers the greatest flexibility in backend account database design of any SMB/CIFS server
-technology available today. The flexibility is immediately obvious as one begins to explore this
-capability.
-</p><p>
-It is possible to specify not only multiple different password backends, but even multiple
-backends of the same type. For example, to use two different tdbsam databases:
-</p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
-[globals]
- passdb backend = tdbsam:/etc/samba/passdb.tdb, \
- tdbsam:/etc/samba/old-passdb.tdb, guest
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2909410"></a>Plain Text</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Older versions of Samba retrieved user information from the unix user database
- and eventually some other fields from the file <tt class="filename">/etc/samba/smbpasswd</tt>
- or <tt class="filename">/etc/smbpasswd</tt>. When password encryption is disabled, no
- SMB specific data is stored at all. Instead all operations are conducted via the way
- that the Samba host OS will access its <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> database.
- eg: On Linux systems that is done via PAM.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2909450"></a>smbpasswd - Encrypted Password Database</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Traditionally, when configuring <a href="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" target="_top">encrypt
- passwords = yes</a> in Samba's <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file, user account
- information such as username, LM/NT password hashes, password change times, and account
- flags have been stored in the <tt class="filename">smbpasswd(5)</tt> file. There are several
- disadvantages to this approach for sites with very large numbers of users (counted
- in the thousands).
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
- The first is that all lookups must be performed sequentially. Given that
- there are approximately two lookups per domain logon (one for a normal
- session connection such as when mapping a network drive or printer), this
- is a performance bottleneck for large sites. What is needed is an indexed approach
- such as is used in databases.
- </p></li><li><p>
- The second problem is that administrators who desire to replicate a smbpasswd file
- to more than one Samba server were left to use external tools such as
- <b class="command">rsync(1)</b> and <b class="command">ssh(1)</b> and wrote custom,
- in-house scripts.
- </p></li><li><p>
- And finally, the amount of information which is stored in an smbpasswd entry leaves
- no room for additional attributes such as a home directory, password expiration time,
- or even a Relative Identifier (RID).
- </p></li></ul></div><p>
- As a result of these deficiencies, a more robust means of storing user attributes
- used by smbd was developed. The API which defines access to user accounts
- is commonly referred to as the samdb interface (previously this was called the passdb
- API, and is still so named in the Samba CVS trees).
- </p><p>
- Samba-3 provides an enhanced set of passdb backends that overcome the deficiencies
- of the smbpasswd plain text database. These are tdbsam, ldapsam, and xmlsam.
- Of these ldapsam will be of most interest to large corporate or enterprise sites.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2913891"></a>tdbsam</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>Samba can store user and machine account data in a &quot;TDB&quot; (Trivial Database).
- Using this backend doesn't require any additional configuration. This backend is
- recommended for new installations that do not require LDAP.
- </p><p>
- As a general guide the Samba-Team does NOT recommend using the tdbsam backend for sites
- that have 250 or more users. Additionally, tdbsam is not capable of scaling for use
- in sites that require PDB/BDC implementations that requires replication of the account
- database. Clearly, for reason of scalability, the use of ldapsam should be encouraged.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2913919"></a>ldapsam</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- There are a few points to stress that the ldapsam does not provide. The LDAP
- support referred to in the this documentation does not include:
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>A means of retrieving user account information from
- an Windows 200x Active Directory server.</p></li><li><p>A means of replacing /etc/passwd.</p></li></ul></div><p>
- The second item can be accomplished by using LDAP NSS and PAM modules. LGPL
- versions of these libraries can be obtained from PADL Software
- (<a href="http://www.padl.com/" target="_top">http://www.padl.com/</a>). More
- information about the configuration of these packages may be found at &quot;LDAP,
- System Administration; Gerald Carter, O'Reilly; Chapter 6: Replacing NIS&quot;.
- Refer to <a href="http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=1-56592-491-6" target="_top">
- http://safari.oreilly.com/?XmlId=1-56592-491-6</a> for those who might wish to know
- more about configuration and administration of an OpenLDAP server.
- </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
- This section is outdated for Samba-3 schema. Samba-3 introduces a new schema
- that has not been documented at the time of this publication.
- </p></div><p>
- This document describes how to use an LDAP directory for storing Samba user
- account information traditionally stored in the smbpasswd(5) file. It is
- assumed that the reader already has a basic understanding of LDAP concepts
- and has a working directory server already installed. For more information
- on LDAP architectures and Directories, please refer to the following sites.
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>OpenLDAP - <a href="http://www.openldap.org/" target="_top">http://www.openldap.org/</a></p></li><li><p>iPlanet Directory Server -
- <a href="http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory" target="_top">http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory</a></p></li></ul></div><p>
- Two additional Samba resources which may prove to be helpful are
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The <a href="http://www.unav.es/cti/ldap-smb/ldap-smb-3-howto.html" target="_top">Samba-PDC-LDAP-HOWTO</a>
- maintained by Ignacio Coupeau.</p></li><li><p>The NT migration scripts from <a href="http://samba.idealx.org/" target="_top">IDEALX</a> that are
- geared to manage users and group in such a Samba-LDAP Domain Controller configuration.
- </p></li></ul></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914068"></a>Supported LDAP Servers</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The LDAP ldapsam code has been developed and tested using the OpenLDAP 2.0 and 2.1 server and
- client libraries. The same code should work with Netscape's Directory Server and client SDK.
- However, there are bound to be compile errors and bugs. These should not be hard to fix.
- Please submit fixes via <a href="bugreport.html" title="Chapter 35. Reporting Bugs">Bug reporting facility</a>.
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914093"></a>Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Samba 3.0 includes the necessary schema file for OpenLDAP 2.0 in
- <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP/samba.schema</tt>. The sambaSamAccount objectclass is given here:
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
-objectclass ( 1.3.6.1.4.1.7165.2.2.3 NAME 'sambaSamAccount' SUP top AUXILIARY
- DESC 'Samba Auxiliary Account'
- MUST ( uid $ rid )
- MAY ( cn $ lmPassword $ ntPassword $ pwdLastSet $ logonTime $
- logoffTime $ kickoffTime $ pwdCanChange $ pwdMustChange $ acctFlags $
- displayName $ smbHome $ homeDrive $ scriptPath $ profilePath $
- description $ userWorkstations $ primaryGroupID $ domain ))
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- The <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file has been formatted for OpenLDAP 2.0/2.1.
- The OID's are owned by the Samba Team and as such is legal to be openly published.
- If you translate the schema to be used with Netscape DS, please
- submit the modified schema file as a patch to
- <a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org" target="_top">jerry@samba.org</a>.
- </p><p>
- Just as the smbpasswd file is meant to store information which supplements a
- user's <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> entry, so is the sambaSamAccount object
- meant to supplement the UNIX user account information. A sambaSamAccount is a
- <tt class="constant">STRUCTURAL</tt> objectclass so it can be stored individually
- in the directory. However, there are several fields (e.g. uid) which overlap
- with the posixAccount objectclass outlined in RFC2307. This is by design.
- </p><p>
- In order to store all user account information (UNIX and Samba) in the directory,
- it is necessary to use the sambaSamAccount and posixAccount objectclasses in
- combination. However, smbd will still obtain the user's UNIX account
- information via the standard C library calls (e.g. getpwnam(), et. al.).
- This means that the Samba server must also have the LDAP NSS library installed
- and functioning correctly. This division of information makes it possible to
- store all Samba account information in LDAP, but still maintain UNIX account
- information in NIS while the network is transitioning to a full LDAP infrastructure.
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914202"></a>OpenLDAP configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- To include support for the sambaSamAccount object in an OpenLDAP directory
- server, first copy the samba.schema file to slapd's configuration directory.
- The samba.schema file can be found in the directory <tt class="filename">examples/LDAP</tt>
- in the samba source distribution.
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>cp samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/</tt></b>
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- Next, include the <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file in <tt class="filename">slapd.conf</tt>.
- The sambaSamAccount object contains two attributes which depend upon other schema
- files. The 'uid' attribute is defined in <tt class="filename">cosine.schema</tt> and
- the 'displayName' attribute is defined in the <tt class="filename">inetorgperson.schema</tt>
- file. Both of these must be included before the <tt class="filename">samba.schema</tt> file.
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
-## /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
-
-## schema files (core.schema is required by default)
-include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
-
-## needed for sambaSamAccount
-include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
-include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
-include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema
-include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
-....
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- It is recommended that you maintain some indices on some of the most useful attributes,
- like in the following example, to speed up searches made on sambaSamAccount objectclasses
- (and possibly posixAccount and posixGroup as well).
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-# Indices to maintain
-## required by OpenLDAP
-index objectclass eq
-
-index cn pres,sub,eq
-index sn pres,sub,eq
-## required to support pdb_getsampwnam
-index uid pres,sub,eq
-## required to support pdb_getsambapwrid()
-index displayName pres,sub,eq
-
-## uncomment these if you are storing posixAccount and
-## posixGroup entries in the directory as well
-##index uidNumber eq
-##index gidNumber eq
-##index memberUid eq
-
-index sambaSID eq
-index sambaPrimaryGroupSID eq
-index sambaDomainName eq
-index default sub
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- Create the new index by executing:
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-./sbin/slapindex -f slapd.conf
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- Remember to restart slapd after making these changes:
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>/etc/init.d/slapd restart</tt></b>
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914390"></a>Initialise the LDAP database</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Before you can add accounts to the LDAP database you must create the account containers
- that they will be stored in. The following LDIF file should be modified to match your
- needs (ie: Your DNS entries, etc.).
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-# Organization for Samba Base
-dn: dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-objectclass: dcObject
-objectclass: organization
-dc: plainjoe
-o: Terpstra Org Network
-description: The Samba-3 Network LDAP Example
-
-# Organizational Role for Directory Management
-dn: cn=Manager,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-objectclass: organizationalRole
-cn: Manager
-description: Directory Manager
-
-# Setting up container for users
-dn: ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-objectclass: top
-objectclass: organizationalUnit
-ou: People
-
-# Setting up admin handle for People OU
-dn: cn=admin,ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-cn: admin
-objectclass: top
-objectclass: organizationalRole
-objectclass: simpleSecurityObject
-userPassword: {SSHA}c3ZM9tBaBo9autm1dL3waDS21+JSfQVz
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- The userPassword shown above should be generated using <b class="command">slappasswd</b>.
- </p><p>
- The following command will then load the contents of the LDIF file into the LDAP
- database.
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>slapadd -v -l initldap.dif</tt></b>
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><p>
- Do not forget to secure your LDAP server with an adequate access control list,
- as well as an admin password.
- </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><ns23:p>
- Before Samba can access the LDAP server you need to store the LDAP admin password
- into the Samba-3 <tt class="filename">secrets.tdb</tt> database by:
- </ns23:p><pre class="screen">
-<tt class="prompt">root# </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>secret</tt></i></tt></b>
- </pre><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p></div></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914519"></a>Configuring Samba</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The following parameters are available in smb.conf only if your
- version of samba was built with LDAP support. Samba automatically builds with LDAP support if the
- LDAP libraries are found.
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#PASSDBBACKEND" target="_top">passdb backend = ldapsam:url</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSSL" target="_top">ldap ssl</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPADMINDN" target="_top">ldap admin dn</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSUFFIX" target="_top">ldap suffix</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPFILTER" target="_top">ldap filter</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPMACHINSUFFIX" target="_top">ldap machine suffix</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPUSERSUFFIX" target="_top">ldap user suffix</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPDELETEDN" target="_top">ldap delete dn</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPPASSWDSYNC" target="_top">ldap passwd sync</a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPTRUSTIDS" target="_top">ldap trust ids</a></p></li></ul></div><p>
- These are described in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man
- page and so will not be repeated here. However, a sample smb.conf file for
- use with an LDAP directory could appear as
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
-## /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf
-[global]
- security = user
- encrypt passwords = yes
-
- netbios name = TASHTEGO
- workgroup = NARNIA
-
- # ldap related parameters
-
- # define the DN to use when binding to the directory servers
- # The password for this DN is not stored in smb.conf. Rather it
- # must be set by using 'smbpasswd -w <i class="replaceable"><tt>secretpw</tt></i>' to store the
- # passphrase in the secrets.tdb file. If the &quot;ldap admin dn&quot; values
- # change, this password will need to be reset.
- ldap admin dn = &quot;cn=Samba Manager,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org&quot;
-
- # Define the SSL option when connecting to the directory
- # ('off', 'start tls', or 'on' (default))
- ldap ssl = start tls
-
- # syntax: passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://server-name[:port]
- passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://funball.samba.org, guest
-
- # smbpasswd -x delete the entire dn-entry
- ldap delete dn = no
-
- # the machine and user suffix added to the base suffix
- # wrote WITHOUT quotes. NULL suffixes by default
- ldap user suffix = ou=People
- ldap machine suffix = ou=Systems
-
- # Trust unix account information in LDAP
- # (see the smb.conf manpage for details)
- ldap trust ids = Yes
-
- # specify the base DN to use when searching the directory
- ldap suffix = &quot;ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org&quot;
-
- # generally the default ldap search filter is ok
- # ldap filter = &quot;(&amp;(uid=%u)(objectclass=sambaSamAccount))&quot;
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914697"></a>Accounts and Groups management</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- As users accounts are managed through the sambaSamAccount objectclass, you should
- modify your existing administration tools to deal with sambaSamAccount attributes.
- </p><p>
- Machines accounts are managed with the sambaSamAccount objectclass, just
- like users accounts. However, it's up to you to store those accounts
- in a different tree of your LDAP namespace: you should use
- &quot;ou=Groups,dc=plainjoe,dc=org&quot; to store groups and
- &quot;ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org&quot; to store users. Just configure your
- NSS and PAM accordingly (usually, in the /etc/ldap.conf configuration
- file).
- </p><p>
- In Samba release 3.0, the group management system is based on POSIX
- groups. This means that Samba makes use of the posixGroup objectclass.
- For now, there is no NT-like group system management (global and local
- groups).
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914734"></a>Security and sambaSamAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- There are two important points to remember when discussing the security
- of sambaSamAccount entries in the directory.
- </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Never</em></span> retrieve the lmPassword or
- ntPassword attribute values over an unencrypted LDAP session.</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Never</em></span> allow non-admin users to
- view the lmPassword or ntPassword attribute values.</p></li></ul></div><p>
- These password hashes are clear text equivalents and can be used to impersonate
- the user without deriving the original clear text strings. For more information
- on the details of LM/NT password hashes, refer to the
- <a href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases">Account Information Database</a> section of this chapter.
- </p><p>
- To remedy the first security issue, the <i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl</tt></i> <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameter defaults
- to require an encrypted session (<i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl = on</tt></i>) using
- the default port of <tt class="constant">636</tt>
- when contacting the directory server. When using an OpenLDAP server, it
- is possible to use the use the StartTLS LDAP extended operation in the place of
- LDAPS. In either case, you are strongly discouraged to disable this security
- (<i class="parameter"><tt>ldap ssl = off</tt></i>).
- </p><p>
- Note that the LDAPS protocol is deprecated in favor of the LDAPv3 StartTLS
- extended operation. However, the OpenLDAP library still provides support for
- the older method of securing communication between clients and servers.
- </p><p>
- The second security precaution is to prevent non-administrative users from
- harvesting password hashes from the directory. This can be done using the
- following ACL in <tt class="filename">slapd.conf</tt>:
- </p><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
-## allow the &quot;ldap admin dn&quot; access, but deny everyone else
-access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword
- by dn=&quot;cn=Samba Admin,ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org&quot; write
- by * none
-</pre><ns23:p>
-</ns23:p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2914869"></a>LDAP special attributes for sambaSamAccounts</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The sambaSamAccount objectclass is composed of the following attributes:
- </p><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><div class="table"><a name="id2914885"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.1. Attributes in the sambaSamAccount objectclass (LDAP)</b></p><table summary="Attributes in the sambaSamAccount objectclass (LDAP)" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt></td><td align="left">the LANMAN password 16-byte hash stored as a character
- representation of a hexadecimal string.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt></td><td align="left">the NT password hash 16-byte stored as a character
- representation of a hexadecimal string.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">pwdLastSet</tt></td><td align="left">The integer time in seconds since 1970 when the
- <tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt> and <tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt> attributes were last set.
- </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">acctFlags</tt></td><td align="left">string of 11 characters surrounded by square brackets []
- representing account flags such as U (user), W(workstation), X(no password expiration),
- I(Domain trust account), H(Home dir required), S(Server trust account),
- and D(disabled).</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">logonTime</tt></td><td align="left">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">logoffTime</tt></td><td align="left">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">kickoffTime</tt></td><td align="left">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">pwdCanChange</tt></td><td align="left">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">pwdMustChange</tt></td><td align="left">Integer value currently unused</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">homeDrive</tt></td><td align="left">specifies the drive letter to which to map the
- UNC path specified by homeDirectory. The drive letter must be specified in the form &quot;X:&quot;
- where X is the letter of the drive to map. Refer to the &quot;logon drive&quot; parameter in the
- smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">scriptPath</tt></td><td align="left">The scriptPath property specifies the path of
- the user's logon script, .CMD, .EXE, or .BAT file. The string can be null. The path
- is relative to the netlogon share. Refer to the &quot;logon script&quot; parameter in the
- smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">profilePath</tt></td><td align="left">specifies a path to the user's profile.
- This value can be a null string, a local absolute path, or a UNC path. Refer to the
- &quot;logon path&quot; parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">smbHome</tt></td><td align="left">The homeDirectory property specifies the path of
- the home directory for the user. The string can be null. If homeDrive is set and specifies
- a drive letter, homeDirectory should be a UNC path. The path must be a network
- UNC path of the form <tt class="filename">\\server\share\directory</tt>. This value can be a null string.
- Refer to the <b class="command">logon home</b> parameter in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> man page for more information.
- </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">userWorkstation</tt></td><td align="left">character string value currently unused.
- </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">rid</tt></td><td align="left">the integer representation of the user's relative identifier
- (RID).</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">primaryGroupID</tt></td><td align="left">the relative identifier (RID) of the primary group
- of the user.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><tt class="constant">domain</tt></td><td align="left">domain the user is part of.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><p>
- The majority of these parameters are only used when Samba is acting as a PDC of
- a domain (refer to the <a href="samba-pdc.html" title="Chapter 5. Domain Control">Samba as a primary domain controller</a> chapter for details on
- how to configure Samba as a Primary Domain Controller). The following four attributes
- are only stored with the sambaSamAccount entry if the values are non-default values:
- </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>smbHome</td></tr><tr><td>scriptPath</td></tr><tr><td>logonPath</td></tr><tr><td>homeDrive</td></tr></table><p>
- These attributes are only stored with the sambaSamAccount entry if
- the values are non-default values. For example, assume TASHTEGO has now been
- configured as a PDC and that <i class="parameter"><tt>logon home = \\%L\%u</tt></i> was defined in
- its <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file. When a user named &quot;becky&quot; logons to the domain,
- the <i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> string is expanded to \\TASHTEGO\becky.
- If the smbHome attribute exists in the entry &quot;uid=becky,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org&quot;,
- this value is used. However, if this attribute does not exist, then the value
- of the <i class="parameter"><tt>logon home</tt></i> parameter is used in its place. Samba
- will only write the attribute value to the directory entry if the value is
- something other than the default (e.g. <tt class="filename">\\MOBY\becky</tt>).
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2915232"></a>Example LDIF Entries for a sambaSamAccount</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- The following is a working LDIF with the inclusion of the posixAccount objectclass:
- </p><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
- dn: uid=guest2, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
- ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7
- pwdMustChange: 2147483647
- primaryGroupID: 1201
- lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE
- pwdLastSet: 1010179124
- logonTime: 0
- objectClass: sambaSamAccount
- uid: guest2
- kickoffTime: 2147483647
- acctFlags: [UX ]
- logoffTime: 2147483647
- rid: 19006
- pwdCanChange: 0
- </pre><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><p>
- The following is an LDIF entry for using both the sambaSamAccount and
- posixAccount objectclasses:
- </p><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
- dn: uid=gcarter, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
- logonTime: 0
- displayName: Gerald Carter
- lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE
- primaryGroupID: 1201
- objectClass: posixAccount
- objectClass: sambaSamAccount
- acctFlags: [UX ]
- userPassword: {crypt}BpM2ej8Rkzogo
- uid: gcarter
- uidNumber: 9000
- cn: Gerald Carter
- loginShell: /bin/bash
- logoffTime: 2147483647
- gidNumber: 100
- kickoffTime: 2147483647
- pwdLastSet: 1010179230
- rid: 19000
- homeDirectory: /home/tashtego/gcarter
- pwdCanChange: 0
- pwdMustChange: 2147483647
- ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7
-</pre><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2915294"></a>Password synchronisation</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Since version 3.0 samba can update the non-samba (LDAP) password stored with an account. When
- using pam_ldap, this allows changing both unix and windows passwords at once.
- </p><p>The <i class="parameter"><tt>ldap passwd sync</tt></i> options can have the following values:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">yes</span></dt><dd><p>When the user changes his password, update
- <tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt>, <tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt>
- and the <tt class="constant">password</tt> fields.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">no</span></dt><dd><p>Only update <tt class="constant">ntPassword</tt> and <tt class="constant">lmPassword</tt>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">only</span></dt><dd><p>Only update the LDAP password and let the LDAP server worry
- about the other fields. This option is only available when the LDAP server supports LDAP_EXOP_X_MODIFY_PASSWD. </p></dd></dl></div><p>More information can be found in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPPASSWDSYNC" target="_top">smb.conf</a> manpage.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2915407"></a>MySQL</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Every so often someone will come along with a great new idea. Storing of user accounts in an
- SQL backend is one of them. Those who want to do this are in the best position to know what the
- specific benefits are to them. This may sound like a cop-out, but in truth we can not attempt
- to document every nitty little detail why certain things of marginal utility to the bulk of
- Samba users might make sense to the rest. In any case, the following instructions should help
- the determined SQL user to implement a working system.
- </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2915428"></a>Creating the database</h4></div></div><div></div></div><ns23:p>
- You either can set up your own table and specify the field names to pdb_mysql (see below
- for the column names) or use the default table. The file <tt class="filename">examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</tt>
- contains the correct queries to create the required tables. Use the command :
-
- </ns23:p><pre class="screen"><tt class="prompt">$ </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>mysql -u<i class="replaceable"><tt>username</tt></i> -h<i class="replaceable"><tt>hostname</tt></i> -p<i class="replaceable"><tt>password</tt></i> \
-<i class="replaceable"><tt>databasename</tt></i> &lt; <tt class="filename">/path/to/samba/examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</tt></tt></b></pre><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2915492"></a>Configuring</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>This plugin lacks some good documentation, but here is some short info:</p><ns23:p>Add a the following to the <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i> variable in your <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>:
- </ns23:p><pre class="programlisting">
- passdb backend = [other-plugins] mysql:identifier [other-plugins]
- </pre><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><p>The identifier can be any string you like, as long as it doesn't collide with
- the identifiers of other plugins or other instances of pdb_mysql. If you
- specify multiple pdb_mysql.so entries in <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backend</tt></i>, you also need to
- use different identifiers!
- </p><p>
- Additional options can be given through the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file in the <i class="parameter"><tt>[global]</tt></i> section.
- </p><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><div class="table"><a name="id2915568"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.2. Basic smb.conf options for MySQL passdb backend</b></p><table summary="Basic smb.conf options for MySQL passdb backend" border="1"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Field</th><th align="left">Contents</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">identifier:mysql host</td><td align="left">host name, defaults to 'localhost'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:mysql password</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:mysql user</td><td align="left">defaults to 'samba'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:mysql database</td><td align="left">defaults to 'samba'</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:mysql port</td><td align="left">defaults to 3306</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:table</td><td align="left">Name of the table containing users</td></tr></tbody></table></div><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>
- Since the password for the MySQL user is stored in the
- <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file, you should make the the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file
- readable only to the user that runs Samba This is considered a security
- bug and will be fixed soon.
- </p></div><p>Names of the columns in this table (I've added column types those columns should have first):</p><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><div class="table"><a name="id2915693"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 11.3. MySQL field names for MySQL passdb backend</b></p><table summary="MySQL field names for MySQL passdb backend" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Field</th><th align="left">Type</th><th align="left">Contents</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">identifier:logon time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:logoff time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:kickoff time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:pass last set time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:pass can change time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:pass must change time column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:username column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">unix username</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:domain column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">NT domain user is part of</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:nt username column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">NT username</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:fullname column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Full name of user</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:home dir column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Unix homedir path</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:dir drive column</td><td align="left">varchar(2)</td><td align="left">Directory drive path (eg: 'H:')</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:logon script column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Batch file to run on client side when logging on</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:profile path column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Path of profile</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:acct desc column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Some ASCII NT user data</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:workstations column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">Workstations user can logon to (or NULL for all)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:unknown string column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">unknown string</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:munged dial column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:user sid column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">NT user SID</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:group sid column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">NT group ID</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:lanman pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">encrypted lanman password</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:nt pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">encrypted nt passwd</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:plain pass column</td><td align="left">varchar(255)</td><td align="left">plaintext password</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:acct control column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">nt user data</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:unknown 3 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">unknown</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:logon divs column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:hours len column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">?</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:unknown 5 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">unknown</td></tr><tr><td align="left">identifier:unknown 6 column</td><td align="left">int(9)</td><td align="left">unknown</td></tr></tbody></table></div><ns23:p>
- </ns23:p><p>
- Eventually, you can put a colon (:) after the name of each column, which
- should specify the column to update when updating the table. You can also
- specify nothing behind the colon - then the data from the field will not be
- updated.
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2916074"></a>Using plaintext passwords or encrypted password</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- I strongly discourage the use of plaintext passwords, however, you can use them:
- </p><p>
- If you would like to use plaintext passwords, set
- 'identifier:lanman pass column' and 'identifier:nt pass column' to
- 'NULL' (without the quotes) and 'identifier:plain pass column' to the
- name of the column containing the plaintext passwords.
- </p><p>
- If you use encrypted passwords, set the 'identifier:plain pass
- column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes). This is the default.
- </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2916105"></a>Getting non-column data from the table</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- It is possible to have not all data in the database and making some 'constant'.
- </p><p>
- For example, you can set 'identifier:fullname column' to :
- <b class="command">CONCAT(First_name,' ',Sur_name)</b>
- </p><p>
- Or, set 'identifier:workstations column' to :
- <b class="command">NULL</b></p><p>See the MySQL documentation for more language constructs.</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="XMLpassdb"></a>XML</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>This module requires libxml2 to be installed.</p><p>The usage of pdb_xml is pretty straightforward. To export data, use:
- </p><p>
- <tt class="prompt">$ </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -e xml:filename</tt></b>
- </p><p>
- (where filename is the name of the file to put the data in)
- </p><p>
- To import data, use:
- <tt class="prompt">$ </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>pdbedit -i xml:filename</tt></b>
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2916213"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916220"></a>Users can not logon - Users not in Samba SAM</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- People forget to put their users in their backend and then complain Samba won't authorize them.
- </p></div><div xmlns:ns24="" class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916235"></a>Users are being added to the wrong backend database</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- A few complaints have been received from users that just moved to Samba-3. The following
- <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file entries were causing problems, new accounts were being added to the old
- smbpasswd file, not to the tdbsam passdb.tdb file:
- </p><ns24:p>
- </ns24:p><pre class="programlisting">
- [globals]
- ...
- passdb backend = smbpasswd, tdbsam, guest
- ...
- </pre><ns24:p>
- </ns24:p><p>
- Samba will add new accounts to the first entry in the <span class="emphasis"><em>passdb backend</em></span>
- parameter entry. If you want to update to the tdbsam, then change the entry to:
- </p><ns24:p>
- </ns24:p><pre class="programlisting">
- [globals]
- ...
- passdb backend = tdbsam, smbpasswd, guest
- ...
- </pre><ns24:p>
- </ns24:p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916295"></a>auth methods does not work</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- If you explicitly set an 'auth methods' parameter, guest must be specified as the first
- entry on the line. Eg: <i class="parameter"><tt>auth methods = guest sam</tt></i>.
- </p><p>
- This is the exact opposite of the requirement for the <i class="parameter"><tt>passdb backed</tt></i>
- option, where it must be the <span class="emphasis"><em>LAST</em></span> parameter on the line.
- </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="NetworkBrowsing.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="groupmapping.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 10. Samba / MS Windows Network Browsing Guide </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and Unix Groups</td></tr></table></div></body></html>