diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/htmldocs/passdb.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/htmldocs/passdb.html | 1770 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1770 deletions
diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html b/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7151610a63..0000000000 --- a/docs/htmldocs/passdb.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1770 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> -<HTML -><HEAD -><TITLE ->User information database</TITLE -><META -NAME="GENERATOR" -CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK -REL="HOME" -TITLE="SAMBA Project Documentation" -HREF="samba-howto-collection.html"><LINK -REL="UP" -TITLE="General installation" -HREF="introduction.html"><LINK -REL="PREVIOUS" -TITLE="Quick Cross Subnet Browsing / Cross Workgroup Browsing guide" -HREF="browsing-quick.html"><LINK -REL="NEXT" -TITLE="Type of installation" -HREF="type.html"></HEAD -><BODY -CLASS="CHAPTER" -BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" -TEXT="#000000" -LINK="#0000FF" -VLINK="#840084" -ALINK="#0000FF" -><DIV -CLASS="NAVHEADER" -><TABLE -SUMMARY="Header navigation table" -WIDTH="100%" -BORDER="0" -CELLPADDING="0" -CELLSPACING="0" -><TR -><TH -COLSPAN="3" -ALIGN="center" ->SAMBA Project Documentation</TH -></TR -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="10%" -ALIGN="left" -VALIGN="bottom" -><A -HREF="browsing-quick.html" -ACCESSKEY="P" ->Prev</A -></TD -><TD -WIDTH="80%" -ALIGN="center" -VALIGN="bottom" -></TD -><TD -WIDTH="10%" -ALIGN="right" -VALIGN="bottom" -><A -HREF="type.html" -ACCESSKEY="N" ->Next</A -></TD -></TR -></TABLE -><HR -ALIGN="LEFT" -WIDTH="100%"></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="CHAPTER" -><H1 -><A -NAME="PASSDB" -></A ->Chapter 4. User information database</H1 -><DIV -CLASS="TOC" -><DL -><DT -><B ->Table of Contents</B -></DT -><DT ->4.1. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN468" ->Introduction</A -></DT -><DT ->4.2. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN475" ->Important Notes About Security</A -></DT -><DD -><DL -><DT ->4.2.1. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN501" ->Advantages of SMB Encryption</A -></DT -><DT ->4.2.2. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN507" ->Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</A -></DT -></DL -></DD -><DT ->4.3. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN513" ->The smbpasswd Command</A -></DT -><DT ->4.4. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN544" ->Plain text</A -></DT -><DT ->4.5. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN549" ->TDB</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN552" ->LDAP</A -></DT -><DD -><DL -><DT ->4.6.1. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN554" ->Introduction</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.2. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN574" ->Introduction</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.3. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN598" ->Supported LDAP Servers</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.4. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN603" ->Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.5. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN615" ->Configuring Samba with LDAP</A -></DT -><DD -><DL -><DT ->4.6.5.1. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN617" ->OpenLDAP configuration</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.5.2. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN634" ->Configuring Samba</A -></DT -></DL -></DD -><DT ->4.6.6. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN662" ->Accounts and Groups management</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.7. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN667" ->Security and sambaAccount</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.8. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN687" ->LDAP specials attributes for sambaAccounts</A -></DT -><DT ->4.6.9. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN757" ->Example LDIF Entries for a sambaAccount</A -></DT -></DL -></DD -><DT ->4.7. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN765" ->MySQL</A -></DT -><DD -><DL -><DT ->4.7.1. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN767" ->Creating the database</A -></DT -><DT ->4.7.2. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN777" ->Configuring</A -></DT -><DT ->4.7.3. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN794" ->Using plaintext passwords or encrypted password</A -></DT -><DT ->4.7.4. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN799" ->Getting non-column data from the table</A -></DT -></DL -></DD -><DT ->4.8. <A -HREF="passdb.html#AEN807" ->XML</A -></DT -></DL -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN468" ->4.1. Introduction</A -></H1 -><P ->Old windows clients send plain text passwords over the wire. - Samba can check these passwords by crypting them and comparing them - to the hash stored in the unix user database. - </P -><P -> Newer windows clients send encrypted passwords (so-called - Lanman and NT hashes) over - the wire, instead of plain text passwords. The newest clients - will only send encrypted passwords and refuse to send plain text - passwords, unless their registry is tweaked. - </P -><P ->These passwords can't be converted to unix style encrypted - passwords. Because of that you can't use the standard unix - user database, and you have to store the Lanman and NT hashes - somewhere else. </P -><P ->Next to a differently encrypted passwords, - windows also stores certain data for each user - that is not stored in a unix user database, e.g. - workstations the user may logon from, the location where his/her - profile is stored, etc. - Samba retrieves and stores this information using a "passdb backend". - Commonly - available backends are LDAP, plain text file, MySQL and nisplus. - For more information, see the documentation about the - <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->passdb backend = </B -> parameter. - </P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN475" ->4.2. Important Notes About Security</A -></H1 -><P ->The unix and SMB password encryption techniques seem similar - on the surface. This similarity is, however, only skin deep. The unix - scheme typically sends clear text passwords over the network when - logging in. This is bad. The SMB encryption scheme never sends the - cleartext password over the network but it does store the 16 byte - hashed values on disk. This is also bad. Why? Because the 16 byte hashed - values are a "password equivalent". You cannot derive the user's - password from them, but they could potentially be used in a modified - client to gain access to a server. This would require considerable - technical knowledge on behalf of the attacker but is perfectly possible. - You should thus treat the data stored in whatever - passdb backend you use (smbpasswd file, ldap, mysql) as though it contained the - cleartext passwords of all your users. Its contents must be kept - secret, and the file should be protected accordingly.</P -><P ->Ideally we would like a password scheme which neither requires - plain text passwords on the net or on disk. Unfortunately this - is not available as Samba is stuck with being compatible with - other SMB systems (WinNT, WfWg, Win95 etc). </P -><DIV -CLASS="WARNING" -><P -></P -><TABLE -CLASS="WARNING" -WIDTH="100%" -BORDER="0" -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="25" -ALIGN="CENTER" -VALIGN="TOP" -><IMG -SRC="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/stylesheet/dsssl/modular/images/warning.gif" -HSPACE="5" -ALT="Warning"></TD -><TD -ALIGN="LEFT" -VALIGN="TOP" -><P ->Note that Windows NT 4.0 Service pack 3 changed the - default for permissible authentication so that plaintext - passwords are <SPAN -CLASS="emphasis" -><I -CLASS="EMPHASIS" ->never</I -></SPAN -> sent over the wire. - The solution to this is either to switch to encrypted passwords - with Samba or edit the Windows NT registry to re-enable plaintext - passwords. See the document WinNT.txt for details on how to do - this.</P -><P ->Other Microsoft operating systems which also exhibit - this behavior includes</P -><P -> These versions of MS Windows do not support full domain - security protocols, although they may log onto a domain environment. - Of these Only MS Windows XP Home does NOT support domain logons.</P -><P -></P -><TABLE -BORDER="0" -><TBODY -><TR -><TD ->MS DOS Network client 3.0 with - the basic network redirector installed</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows 95 with the network redirector - update installed</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows 98 [se]</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows Me</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows XP Home</TD -></TR -></TBODY -></TABLE -><P -></P -><P -> The following versions of MS Windows fully support domain - security protocols.</P -><P -></P -><TABLE -BORDER="0" -><TBODY -><TR -><TD ->Windows NT 3.5x</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows NT 4.0</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows 2000 Professional</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows 200x Server/Advanced Server</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Windows XP Professional</TD -></TR -></TBODY -></TABLE -><P -></P -></TD -></TR -></TABLE -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="NOTE" -><P -></P -><TABLE -CLASS="NOTE" -WIDTH="100%" -BORDER="0" -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="25" -ALIGN="CENTER" -VALIGN="TOP" -><IMG -SRC="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/stylesheet/dsssl/modular/images/note.gif" -HSPACE="5" -ALT="Note"></TD -><TD -ALIGN="LEFT" -VALIGN="TOP" -><P ->All current release of - Microsoft SMB/CIFS clients support authentication via the - SMB Challenge/Response mechanism described here. Enabling - clear text authentication does not disable the ability - of the client to participate in encrypted authentication.</P -></TD -></TR -></TABLE -></DIV -><P ->MS Windows clients will cache the encrypted password alone. - Even when plain text passwords are re-enabled, through the appropriate - registry change, the plain text password is NEVER cached. This means that - in the event that a network connections should become disconnected (broken) - only the cached (encrypted) password will be sent to the resource server - to affect a auto-reconnect. If the resource server does not support encrypted - passwords the auto-reconnect will fail. <SPAN -CLASS="emphasis" -><I -CLASS="EMPHASIS" ->USE OF ENCRYPTED PASSWORDS - IS STRONGLY ADVISED.</I -></SPAN -></P -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN501" ->4.2.1. Advantages of SMB Encryption</A -></H2 -><P -></P -><TABLE -BORDER="0" -><TBODY -><TR -><TD ->Plain text passwords are not passed across - the network. Someone using a network sniffer cannot just - record passwords going to the SMB server.</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->WinNT doesn't like talking to a server - that SM not support encrypted passwords. It will refuse - to browse the server if the server is also in user level - security mode. It will insist on prompting the user for the - password on each connection, which is very annoying. The - only things you can do to stop this is to use SMB encryption. - </TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Encrypted password support allows automatic share - (resource) reconnects.</TD -></TR -></TBODY -></TABLE -><P -></P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN507" ->4.2.2. Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</A -></H2 -><P -></P -><TABLE -BORDER="0" -><TBODY -><TR -><TD ->Plain text passwords are not kept - on disk, and are NOT cached in memory. </TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Uses same password file as other unix - services such as login and ftp</TD -></TR -><TR -><TD ->Use of other services (such as telnet and ftp) which - send plain text passwords over the net, so sending them for SMB - isn't such a big deal.</TD -></TR -></TBODY -></TABLE -><P -></P -></DIV -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN513" ->4.3. The smbpasswd Command</A -></H1 -><P ->The smbpasswd utility is a utility similar to the - <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->passwd</B -> or <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->yppasswd</B -> programs. - It maintains the two 32 byte password fields in the passdb backend. </P -><P -><B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->smbpasswd</B -> works in a client-server mode - where it contacts the local smbd to change the user's password on its - behalf. This has enormous benefits - as follows.</P -><P -><B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->smbpasswd</B -> has the capability - to change passwords on Windows NT servers (this only works when - the request is sent to the NT Primary Domain Controller if you - are changing an NT Domain user's password).</P -><P ->To run smbpasswd as a normal user just type :</P -><P -><SAMP -CLASS="PROMPT" ->$ </SAMP -><KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" ->smbpasswd</KBD -></P -><P -><SAMP -CLASS="PROMPT" ->Old SMB password: </SAMP -><KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" -><type old value here - - or hit return if there was no old password></KBD -></P -><P -><SAMP -CLASS="PROMPT" ->New SMB Password: </SAMP -><KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" -><type new value> - </KBD -></P -><P -><SAMP -CLASS="PROMPT" ->Repeat New SMB Password: </SAMP -><KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" -><re-type new value - </KBD -></P -><P ->If the old value does not match the current value stored for - that user, or the two new values do not match each other, then the - password will not be changed.</P -><P ->If invoked by an ordinary user it will only allow the user - to change his or her own Samba password.</P -><P ->If run by the root user smbpasswd may take an optional - argument, specifying the user name whose SMB password you wish to - change. Note that when run as root smbpasswd does not prompt for - or check the old password value, thus allowing root to set passwords - for users who have forgotten their passwords.</P -><P -><B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->smbpasswd</B -> is designed to work in the same way - and be familiar to UNIX users who use the <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->passwd</B -> or - <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->yppasswd</B -> commands.</P -><P ->For more details on using <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->smbpasswd</B -> refer - to the man page which will always be the definitive reference.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN544" ->4.4. Plain text</A -></H1 -><P ->Older versions of samba retrieved user information from the unix user database -and eventually some other fields from the file <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->/etc/samba/smbpasswd</TT -> -or <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->/etc/smbpasswd</TT ->. When password encryption is disabled, no -data is stored at all.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN549" ->4.5. TDB</A -></H1 -><P ->Samba can also store the user data in a "TDB" (Trivial Database). Using this backend -doesn't require any additional configuration. This backend is recommended for new installations who -don't require LDAP.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN552" ->4.6. LDAP</A -></H1 -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN554" ->4.6.1. Introduction</A -></H2 -><P ->This document describes how to use an LDAP directory for storing Samba user -account information traditionally stored in the smbpasswd(5) file. It is -assumed that the reader already has a basic understanding of LDAP concepts -and has a working directory server already installed. For more information -on LDAP architectures and Directories, please refer to the following sites.</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P ->OpenLDAP - <A -HREF="http://www.openldap.org/" -TARGET="_top" ->http://www.openldap.org/</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P ->iPlanet Directory Server - <A -HREF="http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory" -TARGET="_top" ->http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory</A -></P -></LI -></UL -><P ->Note that <A -HREF="http://www.ora.com/" -TARGET="_top" ->O'Reilly Publishing</A -> is working on -a guide to LDAP for System Administrators which has a planned release date of -early summer, 2002.</P -><P ->Two additional Samba resources which may prove to be helpful are</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P ->The <A -HREF="http://www.unav.es/cti/ldap-smb/ldap-smb-3-howto.html" -TARGET="_top" ->Samba-PDC-LDAP-HOWTO</A -> - maintained by Ignacio Coupeau.</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->The NT migration scripts from <A -HREF="http://samba.idealx.org/" -TARGET="_top" ->IDEALX</A -> that are - geared to manage users and group in such a Samba-LDAP Domain Controller configuration. - </P -></LI -></UL -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN574" ->4.6.2. Introduction</A -></H2 -><P ->Traditionally, when configuring <A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" -TARGET="_top" ->"encrypt -passwords = yes"</A -> in Samba's <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->smb.conf</TT -> file, user account -information such as username, LM/NT password hashes, password change times, and account -flags have been stored in the <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->smbpasswd(5)</TT -> file. There are several -disadvantages to this approach for sites with very large numbers of users (counted -in the thousands).</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P ->The first is that all lookups must be performed sequentially. Given that -there are approximately two lookups per domain logon (one for a normal -session connection such as when mapping a network drive or printer), this -is a performance bottleneck for lareg sites. What is needed is an indexed approach -such as is used in databases.</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->The second problem is that administrators who desired to replicate a -smbpasswd file to more than one Samba server were left to use external -tools such as <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->rsync(1)</B -> and <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->ssh(1)</B -> -and wrote custom, in-house scripts.</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->And finally, the amount of information which is stored in an -smbpasswd entry leaves no room for additional attributes such as -a home directory, password expiration time, or even a Relative -Identified (RID).</P -></LI -></UL -><P ->As a result of these defeciencies, a more robust means of storing user attributes -used by smbd was developed. The API which defines access to user accounts -is commonly referred to as the samdb interface (previously this was called the passdb -API, and is still so named in the CVS trees). </P -><P ->There are a few points to stress about what the ldapsam -does not provide. The LDAP support referred to in the this documentation does not -include:</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P ->A means of retrieving user account information from - an Windows 2000 Active Directory server.</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->A means of replacing /etc/passwd.</P -></LI -></UL -><P ->The second item can be accomplished by using LDAP NSS and PAM modules. LGPL -versions of these libraries can be obtained from PADL Software -(<A -HREF="http://www.padl.com/" -TARGET="_top" ->http://www.padl.com/</A ->). However, -the details of configuring these packages are beyond the scope of this document.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN598" ->4.6.3. Supported LDAP Servers</A -></H2 -><P ->The LDAP samdb code in 2.2.3 (and later) has been developed and tested -using the OpenLDAP 2.0 server and client libraries. -The same code should be able to work with Netscape's Directory Server -and client SDK. However, due to lack of testing so far, there are bound -to be compile errors and bugs. These should not be hard to fix. -If you are so inclined, please be sure to forward all patches to -<A -HREF="mailto:samba-patches@samba.org" -TARGET="_top" ->samba-patches@samba.org</A -> and -<A -HREF="mailto:jerry@samba.org" -TARGET="_top" ->jerry@samba.org</A ->.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN603" ->4.6.4. Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</A -></H2 -><P ->Samba 3.0 includes the necessary schema file for OpenLDAP 2.0 in -<TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->examples/LDAP/samba.schema</TT ->. The sambaAccount objectclass is given here:</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->objectclass ( 1.3.1.5.1.4.1.7165.2.2.2 NAME 'sambaAccount' SUP top STRUCTURAL - DESC 'Samba Account' - MUST ( uid $ rid ) - MAY ( cn $ lmPassword $ ntPassword $ pwdLastSet $ logonTime $ - logoffTime $ kickoffTime $ pwdCanChange $ pwdMustChange $ acctFlags $ - displayName $ smbHome $ homeDrive $ scriptPath $ profilePath $ - description $ userWorkstations $ primaryGroupID $ domain ))</PRE -></P -><P ->The samba.schema file has been formatted for OpenLDAP 2.0. The OID's are -owned by the Samba Team and as such is legal to be openly published. -If you translate the schema to be used with Netscape DS, please -submit the modified schema file as a patch to <A -HREF="mailto:jerry@samba.org" -TARGET="_top" ->jerry@samba.org</A -></P -><P ->Just as the smbpasswd file is mean to store information which supplements a -user's <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->/etc/passwd</TT -> entry, so is the sambaAccount object -meant to supplement the UNIX user account information. A sambaAccount is a -<CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->STRUCTURAL</CODE -> objectclass so it can be stored individually -in the directory. However, there are several fields (e.g. uid) which overlap -with the posixAccount objectclass outlined in RFC2307. This is by design.</P -><P ->In order to store all user account information (UNIX and Samba) in the directory, -it is necessary to use the sambaAccount and posixAccount objectclasses in -combination. However, smbd will still obtain the user's UNIX account -information via the standard C library calls (e.g. getpwnam(), et. al.). -This means that the Samba server must also have the LDAP NSS library installed -and functioning correctly. This division of information makes it possible to -store all Samba account information in LDAP, but still maintain UNIX account -information in NIS while the network is transitioning to a full LDAP infrastructure.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN615" ->4.6.5. Configuring Samba with LDAP</A -></H2 -><DIV -CLASS="SECT3" -><H3 -CLASS="SECT3" -><A -NAME="AEN617" ->4.6.5.1. OpenLDAP configuration</A -></H3 -><P ->To include support for the sambaAccount object in an OpenLDAP directory -server, first copy the samba.schema file to slapd's configuration directory.</P -><P -><SAMP -CLASS="PROMPT" ->root# </SAMP -><KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" ->cp samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/</KBD -></P -><P ->Next, include the <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->samba.schema</TT -> file in <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->slapd.conf</TT ->. -The sambaAccount object contains two attributes which depend upon other schema -files. The 'uid' attribute is defined in <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->cosine.schema</TT -> and -the 'displayName' attribute is defined in the <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->inetorgperson.schema</TT -> -file. Both of these must be included before the <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->samba.schema</TT -> file.</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->## /etc/openldap/slapd.conf - -## schema files (core.schema is required by default) -include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema - -## needed for sambaAccount -include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema -include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema -include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema -include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema - -....</PRE -></P -><P ->It is recommended that you maintain some indices on some of the most usefull attributes, -like in the following example, to speed up searches made on sambaAccount objectclasses -(and possibly posixAccount and posixGroup as well).</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" -># Indices to maintain -## required by OpenLDAP 2.0 -index objectclass eq - -## support pb_getsampwnam() -index uid pres,eq -## support pdb_getsambapwrid() -index rid eq - -## uncomment these if you are storing posixAccount and -## posixGroup entries in the directory as well -##index uidNumber eq -##index gidNumber eq -##index cn eq -##index memberUid eq</PRE -></P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT3" -><H3 -CLASS="SECT3" -><A -NAME="AEN634" ->4.6.5.2. Configuring Samba</A -></H3 -><P ->The following parameters are available in smb.conf only with <VAR -CLASS="PARAMETER" ->--with-ldapsam</VAR -> -was included with compiling Samba.</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSSL" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap ssl</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSERVER" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap server</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPADMINDN" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap admin dn</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSUFFIX" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap suffix</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPFILTER" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap filter</A -></P -></LI -><LI -><P -><A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPPORT" -TARGET="_top" ->ldap port</A -></P -></LI -></UL -><P ->These are described in the <A -HREF="smb.conf.5.html" -TARGET="_top" ->smb.conf(5)</A -> man -page and so will not be repeated here. However, a sample smb.conf file for -use with an LDAP directory could appear as</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->## /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf -[global] - security = user - encrypt passwords = yes - - netbios name = TASHTEGO - workgroup = NARNIA - - # ldap related parameters - - # define the DN to use when binding to the directory servers - # The password for this DN is not stored in smb.conf. Rather it - # must be set by using 'smbpasswd -w <VAR -CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ->secretpw</VAR ->' to store the - # passphrase in the secrets.tdb file. If the "ldap admin dn" values - # changes, this password will need to be reset. - ldap admin dn = "cn=Samba Manager,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org" - - # specify the LDAP server's hostname (defaults to locahost) - ldap server = ahab.samba.org - - # Define the SSL option when connecting to the directory - # ('off', 'start tls', or 'on' (default)) - ldap ssl = start tls - - # define the port to use in the LDAP session (defaults to 636 when - # "ldap ssl = on") - ldap port = 389 - - # specify the base DN to use when searching the directory - ldap suffix = "ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org" - - # generally the default ldap search filter is ok - # ldap filter = "(&(uid=%u)(objectclass=sambaAccount))"</PRE -></P -></DIV -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN662" ->4.6.6. Accounts and Groups management</A -></H2 -><P ->As users accounts are managed thru the sambaAccount objectclass, you should -modify you existing administration tools to deal with sambaAccount attributes.</P -><P ->Machines accounts are managed with the sambaAccount objectclass, just -like users accounts. However, it's up to you to stored thoses accounts -in a different tree of you LDAP namespace: you should use -"ou=Groups,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store groups and -"ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store users. Just configure your -NSS and PAM accordingly (usually, in the /etc/ldap.conf configuration -file).</P -><P ->In Samba release 3.0, the group management system is based on posix -groups. This means that Samba make usage of the posixGroup objectclass. -For now, there is no NT-like group system management (global and local -groups).</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN667" ->4.6.7. Security and sambaAccount</A -></H2 -><P ->There are two important points to remember when discussing the security -of sambaAccount entries in the directory.</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P -><SPAN -CLASS="emphasis" -><I -CLASS="EMPHASIS" ->Never</I -></SPAN -> retrieve the lmPassword or - ntPassword attribute values over an unencrypted LDAP session.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><SPAN -CLASS="emphasis" -><I -CLASS="EMPHASIS" ->Never</I -></SPAN -> allow non-admin users to - view the lmPassword or ntPassword attribute values.</P -></LI -></UL -><P ->These password hashes are clear text equivalents and can be used to impersonate -the user without deriving the original clear text strings. For more information -on the details of LM/NT password hashes, refer to the <A -HREF="passdb.html" ->User Database</A -> of the Samba-HOWTO-Collection.</P -><P ->To remedy the first security issue, the "ldap ssl" smb.conf parameter defaults -to require an encrypted session (<B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->ldap ssl = on</B ->) using -the default port of 636 -when contacting the directory server. When using an OpenLDAP 2.0 server, it -is possible to use the use the StartTLS LDAP extended operation in the place of -LDAPS. In either case, you are strongly discouraged to disable this security -(<B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->ldap ssl = off</B ->).</P -><P ->Note that the LDAPS protocol is deprecated in favor of the LDAPv3 StartTLS -extended operation. However, the OpenLDAP library still provides support for -the older method of securing communication between clients and servers.</P -><P ->The second security precaution is to prevent non-administrative users from -harvesting password hashes from the directory. This can be done using the -following ACL in <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->slapd.conf</TT ->:</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->## allow the "ldap admin dn" access, but deny everyone else -access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword - by dn="cn=Samba Admin,ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" write - by * none</PRE -></P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN687" ->4.6.8. LDAP specials attributes for sambaAccounts</A -></H2 -><P ->The sambaAccount objectclass is composed of the following attributes:</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->lmPassword</CODE ->: the LANMAN password 16-byte hash stored as a character - representation of a hexidecimal string.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->ntPassword</CODE ->: the NT password hash 16-byte stored as a character - representation of a hexidecimal string.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->pwdLastSet</CODE ->: The integer time in seconds since 1970 when the - <CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->lmPassword</CODE -> and <CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->ntPassword</CODE -> attributes were last set. - </P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->acctFlags</CODE ->: string of 11 characters surrounded by square brackets [] - representing account flags such as U (user), W(workstation), X(no password expiration), and - D(disabled).</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->logonTime</CODE ->: Integer value currently unused</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->logoffTime</CODE ->: Integer value currently unused</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->kickoffTime</CODE ->: Integer value currently unused</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->pwdCanChange</CODE ->: Integer value currently unused</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->pwdMustChange</CODE ->: Integer value currently unused</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->homeDrive</CODE ->: specifies the drive letter to which to map the - UNC path specified by homeDirectory. The drive letter must be specified in the form "X:" - where X is the letter of the drive to map. Refer to the "logon drive" parameter in the - smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->scriptPath</CODE ->: The scriptPath property specifies the path of - the user's logon script, .CMD, .EXE, or .BAT file. The string can be null. The path - is relative to the netlogon share. Refer to the "logon script" parameter in the - smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->profilePath</CODE ->: specifies a path to the user's profile. - This value can be a null string, a local absolute path, or a UNC path. Refer to the - "logon path" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->smbHome</CODE ->: The homeDirectory property specifies the path of - the home directory for the user. The string can be null. If homeDrive is set and specifies - a drive letter, homeDirectory should be a UNC path. The path must be a network - UNC path of the form \\server\share\directory. This value can be a null string. - Refer to the "logon home" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information. - </P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->userWorkstation</CODE ->: character string value currently unused. - </P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->rid</CODE ->: the integer representation of the user's relative identifier - (RID).</P -></LI -><LI -><P -><CODE -CLASS="CONSTANT" ->primaryGroupID</CODE ->: the relative identifier (RID) of the primary group - of the user.</P -></LI -></UL -><P ->The majority of these parameters are only used when Samba is acting as a PDC of -a domain (refer to the <A -HREF="Samba-PDC-HOWTO.html" -TARGET="_top" ->Samba-PDC-HOWTO</A -> for details on -how to configure Samba as a Primary Domain Controller). The following four attributes -are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if the values are non-default values:</P -><P -></P -><UL -><LI -><P ->smbHome</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->scriptPath</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->logonPath</P -></LI -><LI -><P ->homeDrive</P -></LI -></UL -><P ->These attributes are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if -the values are non-default values. For example, assume TASHTEGO has now been -configured as a PDC and that <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->logon home = \\%L\%u</B -> was defined in -its <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->smb.conf</TT -> file. When a user named "becky" logons to the domain, -the <VAR -CLASS="PARAMETER" ->logon home</VAR -> string is expanded to \\TASHTEGO\becky. -If the smbHome attribute exists in the entry "uid=becky,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org", -this value is used. However, if this attribute does not exist, then the value -of the <VAR -CLASS="PARAMETER" ->logon home</VAR -> parameter is used in its place. Samba -will only write the attribute value to the directory entry is the value is -something other than the default (e.g. \\MOBY\becky).</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN757" ->4.6.9. Example LDIF Entries for a sambaAccount</A -></H2 -><P ->The following is a working LDIF with the inclusion of the posixAccount objectclass:</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->dn: uid=guest2, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org -ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7 -pwdMustChange: 2147483647 -primaryGroupID: 1201 -lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE -pwdLastSet: 1010179124 -logonTime: 0 -objectClass: sambaAccount -uid: guest2 -kickoffTime: 2147483647 -acctFlags: [UX ] -logoffTime: 2147483647 -rid: 19006 -pwdCanChange: 0</PRE -></P -><P ->The following is an LDIF entry for using both the sambaAccount and -posixAccount objectclasses:</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->dn: uid=gcarter, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org -logonTime: 0 -displayName: Gerald Carter -lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE -primaryGroupID: 1201 -objectClass: posixAccount -objectClass: sambaAccount -acctFlags: [UX ] -userPassword: {crypt}BpM2ej8Rkzogo -uid: gcarter -uidNumber: 9000 -cn: Gerald Carter -loginShell: /bin/bash -logoffTime: 2147483647 -gidNumber: 100 -kickoffTime: 2147483647 -pwdLastSet: 1010179230 -rid: 19000 -homeDirectory: /home/tashtego/gcarter -pwdCanChange: 0 -pwdMustChange: 2147483647 -ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7</PRE -></P -></DIV -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN765" ->4.7. MySQL</A -></H1 -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN767" ->4.7.1. Creating the database</A -></H2 -><P ->You either can set up your own table and specify the field names to pdb_mysql (see below -for the column names) or use the default table. The file <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</TT -> -contains the correct queries to create the required tables. Use the command : - -<B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->mysql -u<VAR -CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ->username</VAR -> -h<VAR -CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ->hostname</VAR -> -p<VAR -CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ->password</VAR -> <VAR -CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ->databasename</VAR -> < <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->/path/to/samba/examples/pdb/mysql/mysql.dump</TT -></B -> </P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN777" ->4.7.2. Configuring</A -></H2 -><P ->This plugin lacks some good documentation, but here is some short info:</P -><P ->Add a the following to the <B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->passdb backend</B -> variable in your <TT -CLASS="FILENAME" ->smb.conf</TT ->: -<PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->passdb backend = [other-plugins] mysql:identifier [other-plugins]</PRE -></P -><P ->The identifier can be any string you like, as long as it doesn't collide with -the identifiers of other plugins or other instances of pdb_mysql. If you -specify multiple pdb_mysql.so entries in 'passdb backend', you also need to -use different identifiers!</P -><P ->Additional options can be given thru the smb.conf file in the [global] section.</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->identifier:mysql host - host name, defaults to 'localhost' -identifier:mysql password -identifier:mysql user - defaults to 'samba' -identifier:mysql database - defaults to 'samba' -identifier:mysql port - defaults to 3306 -identifier:table - Name of the table containing users</PRE -></P -><DIV -CLASS="WARNING" -><P -></P -><TABLE -CLASS="WARNING" -WIDTH="100%" -BORDER="0" -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="25" -ALIGN="CENTER" -VALIGN="TOP" -><IMG -SRC="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/stylesheet/dsssl/modular/images/warning.gif" -HSPACE="5" -ALT="Warning"></TD -><TD -ALIGN="LEFT" -VALIGN="TOP" -><P ->Since the password for the mysql user is stored in the -smb.conf file, you should make the the smb.conf file -readable only to the user that runs samba. This is considered a security -bug and will be fixed soon.</P -></TD -></TR -></TABLE -></DIV -><P ->Names of the columns in this table(I've added column types those columns should have first):</P -><P -><PRE -CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ->identifier:logon time column - int(9) -identifier:logoff time column - int(9) -identifier:kickoff time column - int(9) -identifier:pass last set time column - int(9) -identifier:pass can change time column - int(9) -identifier:pass must change time column - int(9) -identifier:username column - varchar(255) - unix username -identifier:domain column - varchar(255) - NT domain user is part of -identifier:nt username column - varchar(255) - NT username -identifier:fullname column - varchar(255) - Full name of user -identifier:home dir column - varchar(255) - Unix homedir path -identifier:dir drive column - varchar(2) - Directory drive path (eg: 'H:') -identifier:logon script column - varchar(255) - Batch file to run on client side when logging on -identifier:profile path column - varchar(255) - Path of profile -identifier:acct desc column - varchar(255) - Some ASCII NT user data -identifier:workstations column - varchar(255) - Workstations user can logon to (or NULL for all) -identifier:unknown string column - varchar(255) - unknown string -identifier:munged dial column - varchar(255) - ? -identifier:uid column - int(9) - Unix user ID (uid) -identifier:gid column - int(9) - Unix user group (gid) -identifier:user sid column - varchar(255) - NT user SID -identifier:group sid column - varchar(255) - NT group ID -identifier:lanman pass column - varchar(255) - encrypted lanman password -identifier:nt pass column - varchar(255) - encrypted nt passwd -identifier:plain pass column - varchar(255) - plaintext password -identifier:acct control column - int(9) - nt user data -identifier:unknown 3 column - int(9) - unknown -identifier:logon divs column - int(9) - ? -identifier:hours len column - int(9) - ? -identifier:unknown 5 column - int(9) - unknown -identifier:unknown 6 column - int(9) - unknown</PRE -></P -><P ->Eventually, you can put a colon (:) after the name of each column, which -should specify the column to update when updating the table. You can also -specify nothing behind the colon - then the data from the field will not be -updated. </P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN794" ->4.7.3. Using plaintext passwords or encrypted password</A -></H2 -><P ->I strongly discourage the use of plaintext passwords, however, you can use them:</P -><P ->If you would like to use plaintext passwords, set 'identifier:lanman pass column' and 'identifier:nt pass column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes) and 'identifier:plain pass column' to the name of the column containing the plaintext passwords. </P -><P ->If you use encrypted passwords, set the 'identifier:plain pass column' to 'NULL' (without the quotes). This is the default.</P -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT2" -><H2 -CLASS="SECT2" -><A -NAME="AEN799" ->4.7.4. Getting non-column data from the table</A -></H2 -><P ->It is possible to have not all data in the database and making some 'constant'.</P -><P ->For example, you can set 'identifier:fullname column' to : -<B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->CONCAT(First_name,' ',Sur_name)</B -></P -><P ->Or, set 'identifier:workstations column' to : -<B -CLASS="COMMAND" ->NULL</B -></P -><P ->See the MySQL documentation for more language constructs.</P -></DIV -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="SECT1" -><H1 -CLASS="SECT1" -><A -NAME="AEN807" ->4.8. XML</A -></H1 -><P ->This module requires libxml2 to be installed.</P -><P ->The usage of pdb_xml is pretty straightforward. To export data, use: - -<KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" ->pdbedit -e xml:filename</KBD -> - -(where filename is the name of the file to put the data in)</P -><P ->To import data, use: -<KBD -CLASS="USERINPUT" ->pdbedit -i xml:filename -e current-pdb</KBD -> - -Where filename is the name to read the data from and current-pdb to put it in.</P -></DIV -></DIV -><DIV -CLASS="NAVFOOTER" -><HR -ALIGN="LEFT" -WIDTH="100%"><TABLE -SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" -WIDTH="100%" -BORDER="0" -CELLPADDING="0" -CELLSPACING="0" -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="33%" -ALIGN="left" -VALIGN="top" -><A -HREF="browsing-quick.html" -ACCESSKEY="P" ->Prev</A -></TD -><TD -WIDTH="34%" -ALIGN="center" -VALIGN="top" -><A -HREF="samba-howto-collection.html" -ACCESSKEY="H" ->Home</A -></TD -><TD -WIDTH="33%" -ALIGN="right" -VALIGN="top" -><A -HREF="type.html" -ACCESSKEY="N" ->Next</A -></TD -></TR -><TR -><TD -WIDTH="33%" -ALIGN="left" -VALIGN="top" ->Quick Cross Subnet Browsing / Cross Workgroup Browsing guide</TD -><TD -WIDTH="34%" -ALIGN="center" -VALIGN="top" -><A -HREF="introduction.html" -ACCESSKEY="U" ->Up</A -></TD -><TD -WIDTH="33%" -ALIGN="right" -VALIGN="top" ->Type of installation</TD -></TR -></TABLE -></DIV -></BODY -></HTML ->
\ No newline at end of file |