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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<HTML
-><HEAD
-><TITLE
->LanMan and NT Password Encryption in Samba</TITLE
-><META
-NAME="GENERATOR"
-CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+
-"><LINK
-REL="HOME"
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->Next</A
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-><HR
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-><DIV
-CLASS="CHAPTER"
-><H1
-><A
-NAME="PWENCRYPT">Chapter 4. LanMan and NT Password Encryption in Samba</H1
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN457">4.1. Introduction</H1
-><P
->Newer windows clients send encrypted passwords over
- the wire, instead of plain text passwords. The newest clients
- will only send encrypted passwords and refuse to send plain text
- passwords, unless their registry is tweaked.</P
-><P
->These passwords can't be converted to unix style encrypted
- passwords. Because of that you can't use the standard unix
- user database, and you have to store the Lanman and NT hashes
- somewhere else. For more information, see the documentation
- about the <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->passdb backend = </B
-> parameter.
- </P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN462">4.2. Important Notes About Security</H1
-><P
->The unix and SMB password encryption techniques seem similar
- on the surface. This similarity is, however, only skin deep. The unix
- scheme typically sends clear text passwords over the network when
- logging in. This is bad. The SMB encryption scheme never sends the
- cleartext password over the network but it does store the 16 byte
- hashed values on disk. This is also bad. Why? Because the 16 byte hashed
- values are a "password equivalent". You cannot derive the user's
- password from them, but they could potentially be used in a modified
- client to gain access to a server. This would require considerable
- technical knowledge on behalf of the attacker but is perfectly possible.
- You should thus treat the smbpasswd file as though it contained the
- cleartext passwords of all your users. Its contents must be kept
- secret, and the file should be protected accordingly.</P
-><P
->Ideally we would like a password scheme which neither requires
- plain text passwords on the net or on disk. Unfortunately this
- is not available as Samba is stuck with being compatible with
- other SMB systems (WinNT, WfWg, Win95 etc). </P
-><DIV
-CLASS="WARNING"
-><P
-></P
-><TABLE
-CLASS="WARNING"
-WIDTH="100%"
-BORDER="0"
-><TR
-><TD
-WIDTH="25"
-ALIGN="CENTER"
-VALIGN="TOP"
-><IMG
-SRC="../images/warning.gif"
-HSPACE="5"
-ALT="Warning"></TD
-><TD
-ALIGN="LEFT"
-VALIGN="TOP"
-><P
->Note that Windows NT 4.0 Service pack 3 changed the
- default for permissible authentication so that plaintext
- passwords are <SPAN
-CLASS="emphasis"
-><I
-CLASS="EMPHASIS"
->never</I
-></SPAN
-> sent over the wire.
- The solution to this is either to switch to encrypted passwords
- with Samba or edit the Windows NT registry to re-enable plaintext
- passwords. See the document WinNT.txt for details on how to do
- this.</P
-><P
->Other Microsoft operating systems which also exhibit
- this behavior includes</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->MS DOS Network client 3.0 with
- the basic network redirector installed</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->Windows 95 with the network redirector
- update installed</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->Windows 98 [se]</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->Windows 2000</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
-><SPAN
-CLASS="emphasis"
-><I
-CLASS="EMPHASIS"
->Note :</I
-></SPAN
->All current release of
- Microsoft SMB/CIFS clients support authentication via the
- SMB Challenge/Response mechanism described here. Enabling
- clear text authentication does not disable the ability
- of the client to participate in encrypted authentication.</P
-></TD
-></TR
-></TABLE
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN481">4.2.1. Advantages of SMB Encryption</H2
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->plain text passwords are not passed across
- the network. Someone using a network sniffer cannot just
- record passwords going to the SMB server.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->WinNT doesn't like talking to a server
- that isn't using SMB encrypted passwords. It will refuse
- to browse the server if the server is also in user level
- security mode. It will insist on prompting the user for the
- password on each connection, which is very annoying. The
- only things you can do to stop this is to use SMB encryption.
- </P
-></LI
-></UL
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN488">4.2.2. Advantages of non-encrypted passwords</H2
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->plain text passwords are not kept
- on disk. </P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->uses same password file as other unix
- services such as login and ftp</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->you are probably already using other
- services (such as telnet and ftp) which send plain text
- passwords over the net, so sending them for SMB isn't
- such a big deal.</P
-></LI
-></UL
-></DIV
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN497">4.3. The smbpasswd Command</H1
-><P
->The smbpasswd command maintains the two 32 byte password fields
- in the smbpasswd file. If you wish to make it similar to the unix
- <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->passwd</B
-> or <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->yppasswd</B
-> programs,
- install it in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/usr/local/samba/bin/</TT
-> (or your
- main Samba binary directory).</P
-><P
-><B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbpasswd</B
-> now works in a client-server mode
- where it contacts the local smbd to change the user's password on its
- behalf. This has enormous benefits - as follows.</P
-><P
-><B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbpasswd</B
-> now has the capability
- to change passwords on Windows NT servers (this only works when
- the request is sent to the NT Primary Domain Controller if you
- are changing an NT Domain user's password).</P
-><P
->To run smbpasswd as a normal user just type :</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->$ </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->smbpasswd</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->Old SMB password: </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->&lt;type old value here -
- or hit return if there was no old password&gt;</B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->New SMB Password: </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->&lt;type new value&gt;
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->Repeat New SMB Password: </TT
-><TT
-CLASS="USERINPUT"
-><B
->&lt;re-type new value
- </B
-></TT
-></P
-><P
->If the old value does not match the current value stored for
- that user, or the two new values do not match each other, then the
- password will not be changed.</P
-><P
->If invoked by an ordinary user it will only allow the user
- to change his or her own Samba password.</P
-><P
->If run by the root user smbpasswd may take an optional
- argument, specifying the user name whose SMB password you wish to
- change. Note that when run as root smbpasswd does not prompt for
- or check the old password value, thus allowing root to set passwords
- for users who have forgotten their passwords.</P
-><P
-><B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbpasswd</B
-> is designed to work in the same way
- and be familiar to UNIX users who use the <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->passwd</B
-> or
- <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->yppasswd</B
-> commands.</P
-><P
->For more details on using <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->smbpasswd</B
-> refer
- to the man page which will always be the definitive reference.</P
-></DIV
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