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-><DIV
-CLASS="CHAPTER"
-><H1
-><A
-NAME="SAMBA-LDAP-HOWTO">Chapter 19. Storing Samba's User/Machine Account information in an LDAP Directory</H1
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2737">19.1. Purpose</H1
-><P
->This document describes how to use an LDAP directory for storing Samba user
-account information traditionally stored in the smbpasswd(5) file. It is
-assumed that the reader already has a basic understanding of LDAP concepts
-and has a working directory server already installed. For more information
-on LDAP architectures and Directories, please refer to the following sites.</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->OpenLDAP - <A
-HREF="http://www.openldap.org/"
-TARGET="_top"
->http://www.openldap.org/</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->iPlanet Directory Server - <A
-HREF="http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory"
-TARGET="_top"
->http://iplanet.netscape.com/directory</A
-></P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->Note that <A
-HREF="http://www.ora.com/"
-TARGET="_top"
->O'Reilly Publishing</A
-> is working on
-a guide to LDAP for System Administrators which has a planned release date of
-early summer, 2002.</P
-><P
->Two additional Samba resources which may prove to be helpful are</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->The <A
-HREF="http://www.unav.es/cti/ldap-smb/ldap-smb-3-howto.html"
-TARGET="_top"
->Samba-PDC-LDAP-HOWTO</A
->
- maintained by Ignacio Coupeau.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->The NT migration scripts from <A
-HREF="http://samba.idealx.org/"
-TARGET="_top"
->IDEALX</A
-> that are
- geared to manage users and group in such a Samba-LDAP Domain Controller configuration.
- </P
-></LI
-></UL
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2757">19.2. Introduction</H1
-><P
->Traditionally, when configuring <A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS"
-TARGET="_top"
->"encrypt
-passwords = yes"</A
-> in Samba's <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
-> file, user account
-information such as username, LM/NT password hashes, password change times, and account
-flags have been stored in the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smbpasswd(5)</TT
-> file. There are several
-disadvantages to this approach for sites with very large numbers of users (counted
-in the thousands).</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->The first is that all lookups must be performed sequentially. Given that
-there are approximately two lookups per domain logon (one for a normal
-session connection such as when mapping a network drive or printer), this
-is a performance bottleneck for lareg sites. What is needed is an indexed approach
-such as is used in databases.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->The second problem is that administrators who desired to replicate a
-smbpasswd file to more than one Samba server were left to use external
-tools such as <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->rsync(1)</B
-> and <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->ssh(1)</B
->
-and wrote custom, in-house scripts.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->And finally, the amount of information which is stored in an
-smbpasswd entry leaves no room for additional attributes such as
-a home directory, password expiration time, or even a Relative
-Identified (RID).</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->As a result of these defeciencies, a more robust means of storing user attributes
-used by smbd was developed. The API which defines access to user accounts
-is commonly referred to as the samdb interface (previously this was called the passdb
-API, and is still so named in the CVS trees). In Samba 2.2.3, enabling support
-for a samdb backend (e.g. <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->--with-ldapsam</I
-></TT
-> or
-<TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->--with-tdbsam</I
-></TT
->) requires compile time support.</P
-><P
->When compiling Samba to include the <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->--with-ldapsam</I
-></TT
-> autoconf
-option, smbd (and associated tools) will store and lookup user accounts in
-an LDAP directory. In reality, this is very easy to understand. If you are
-comfortable with using an smbpasswd file, simply replace "smbpasswd" with
-"LDAP directory" in all the documentation.</P
-><P
->There are a few points to stress about what the <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->--with-ldapsam</I
-></TT
->
-does not provide. The LDAP support referred to in the this documentation does not
-include:</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->A means of retrieving user account information from
- an Windows 2000 Active Directory server.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->A means of replacing /etc/passwd.</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->The second item can be accomplished by using LDAP NSS and PAM modules. LGPL
-versions of these libraries can be obtained from PADL Software
-(<A
-HREF="http://www.padl.com/"
-TARGET="_top"
->http://www.padl.com/</A
->). However,
-the details of configuring these packages are beyond the scope of this document.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2786">19.3. Supported LDAP Servers</H1
-><P
->The LDAP samdb code in 2.2.3 has been developed and tested using the OpenLDAP
-2.0 server and client libraries. The same code should be able to work with
-Netscape's Directory Server and client SDK. However, due to lack of testing
-so far, there are bound to be compile errors and bugs. These should not be
-hard to fix. If you are so inclined, please be sure to forward all patches to
-<A
-HREF="samba-patches@samba.org"
-TARGET="_top"
->samba-patches@samba.org</A
-> and
-<A
-HREF="jerry@samba.org"
-TARGET="_top"
->jerry@samba.org</A
->.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2791">19.4. Schema and Relationship to the RFC 2307 posixAccount</H1
-><P
->Samba 2.2.3 includes the necessary schema file for OpenLDAP 2.0 in
-<TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->examples/LDAP/samba.schema</TT
->. (Note that this schema
-file has been modified since the experimental support initially included
-in 2.2.2). The sambaAccount objectclass is given here:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->objectclass ( 1.3.1.5.1.4.1.7165.2.2.2 NAME 'sambaAccount' SUP top STRUCTURAL
- DESC 'Samba Account'
- MUST ( uid $ rid )
- MAY ( cn $ lmPassword $ ntPassword $ pwdLastSet $ logonTime $
- logoffTime $ kickoffTime $ pwdCanChange $ pwdMustChange $ acctFlags $
- displayName $ smbHome $ homeDrive $ scriptPath $ profilePath $
- description $ userWorkstations $ primaryGroupID $ domain ))</PRE
-></P
-><P
->The samba.schema file has been formatted for OpenLDAP 2.0. The OID's are
-owned by the Samba Team and as such is legal to be openly published.
-If you translate the schema to be used with Netscape DS, please
-submit the modified schema file as a patch to <A
-HREF="jerry@samba.org"
-TARGET="_top"
->jerry@samba.org</A
-></P
-><P
->Just as the smbpasswd file is mean to store information which supplements a
-user's <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->/etc/passwd</TT
-> entry, so is the sambaAccount object
-meant to supplement the UNIX user account information. A sambaAccount is a
-<TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->STRUCTURAL</TT
-> objectclass so it can be stored individually
-in the directory. However, there are several fields (e.g. uid) which overlap
-with the posixAccount objectclass outlined in RFC2307. This is by design.</P
-><P
->In order to store all user account information (UNIX and Samba) in the directory,
-it is necessary to use the sambaAccount and posixAccount objectclasses in
-combination. However, smbd will still obtain the user's UNIX account
-information via the standard C library calls (e.g. getpwnam(), et. al.).
-This means that the Samba server must also have the LDAP NSS library installed
-and functioning correctly. This division of information makes it possible to
-store all Samba account information in LDAP, but still maintain UNIX account
-information in NIS while the network is transitioning to a full LDAP infrastructure.</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2803">19.5. Configuring Samba with LDAP</H1
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2805">19.5.1. OpenLDAP configuration</H2
-><P
->To include support for the sambaAccount object in an OpenLDAP directory
-server, first copy the samba.schema file to slapd's configuration directory.</P
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="PROMPT"
->root# </TT
-><B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->cp samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/</B
-></P
-><P
->Next, include the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->samba.schema</TT
-> file in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->slapd.conf</TT
->.
-The sambaAccount object contains two attributes which depend upon other schema
-files. The 'uid' attribute is defined in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->cosine.schema</TT
-> and
-the 'displayName' attribute is defined in the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->inetorgperson.schema</TT
->
-file. Both of these must be included before the <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->samba.schema</TT
-> file.</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->## /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
-
-## schema files (core.schema is required by default)
-include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
-
-## needed for sambaAccount
-include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
-include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
-include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema
-
-## uncomment this line if you want to support the RFC2307 (NIS) schema
-## include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
-
-....</PRE
-></P
-><P
->It is recommended that you maintain some indices on some of the most usefull attributes,
-like in the following example, to speed up searches made on sambaAccount objectclasses
-(and possibly posixAccount and posixGroup as well).</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
-># Indices to maintain
-## required by OpenLDAP 2.0
-index objectclass eq
-
-## support pb_getsampwnam()
-index uid pres,eq
-## support pdb_getsambapwrid()
-index rid eq
-
-## uncomment these if you are storing posixAccount and
-## posixGroup entries in the directory as well
-##index uidNumber eq
-##index gidNumber eq
-##index cn eq
-##index memberUid eq</PRE
-></P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><H2
-CLASS="SECT2"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2822">19.5.2. Configuring Samba</H2
-><P
->The following parameters are available in smb.conf only with <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->--with-ldapsam</I
-></TT
->
-was included with compiling Samba.</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSSL"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap ssl</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSERVER"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap server</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPADMINDN"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap admin dn</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPSUFFIX"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap suffix</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPFILTER"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap filter</A
-></P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LDAPPORT"
-TARGET="_top"
->ldap port</A
-></P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->These are described in the <A
-HREF="smb.conf.5.html"
-TARGET="_top"
->smb.conf(5)</A
-> man
-page and so will not be repeated here. However, a sample smb.conf file for
-use with an LDAP directory could appear as</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->## /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf
-[global]
- security = user
- encrypt passwords = yes
-
- netbios name = TASHTEGO
- workgroup = NARNIA
-
- # ldap related parameters
-
- # define the DN to use when binding to the directory servers
- # The password for this DN is not stored in smb.conf. Rather it
- # must be set by using 'smbpasswd -w <TT
-CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
-><I
->secretpw</I
-></TT
->' to store the
- # passphrase in the secrets.tdb file. If the "ldap admin dn" values
- # changes, this password will need to be reset.
- ldap admin dn = "cn=Samba Manager,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org"
-
- # specify the LDAP server's hostname (defaults to locahost)
- ldap server = ahab.samba.org
-
- # Define the SSL option when connecting to the directory
- # ('off', 'start tls', or 'on' (default))
- ldap ssl = start tls
-
- # define the port to use in the LDAP session (defaults to 636 when
- # "ldap ssl = on")
- ldap port = 389
-
- # specify the base DN to use when searching the directory
- ldap suffix = "ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org"
-
- # generally the default ldap search filter is ok
- # ldap filter = "(&amp;(uid=%u)(objectclass=sambaAccount))"</PRE
-></P
-></DIV
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2850">19.6. Accounts and Groups management</H1
-><P
->As users accounts are managed thru the sambaAccount objectclass, you should
-modify you existing administration tools to deal with sambaAccount attributes.</P
-><P
->Machines accounts are managed with the sambaAccount objectclass, just
-like users accounts. However, it's up to you to stored thoses accounts
-in a different tree of you LDAP namespace: you should use
-"ou=Groups,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store groups and
-"ou=People,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" to store users. Just configure your
-NSS and PAM accordingly (usually, in the /etc/ldap.conf configuration
-file).</P
-><P
->In Samba release 2.2.3, the group management system is based on posix
-groups. This meand that Samba make usage of the posixGroup objectclass.
-For now, there is no NT-like group system management (global and local
-groups).</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2855">19.7. Security and sambaAccount</H1
-><P
->There are two important points to remember when discussing the security
-of sambaAccount entries in the directory.</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
-><SPAN
-CLASS="emphasis"
-><I
-CLASS="EMPHASIS"
->Never</I
-></SPAN
-> retrieve the lmPassword or
- ntPassword attribute values over an unencrypted LDAP session.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><SPAN
-CLASS="emphasis"
-><I
-CLASS="EMPHASIS"
->Never</I
-></SPAN
-> allow non-admin users to
- view the lmPassword or ntPassword attribute values.</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->These password hashes are clear text equivalents and can be used to impersonate
-the user without deriving the original clear text strings. For more information
-on the details of LM/NT password hashes, refer to the <A
-HREF="ENCRYPTION.html"
-TARGET="_top"
->ENCRYPTION chapter</A
-> of the Samba-HOWTO-Collection.</P
-><P
->To remedy the first security issue, the "ldap ssl" smb.conf parameter defaults
-to require an encrypted session (<B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->ldap ssl = on</B
->) using
-the default port of 636
-when contacting the directory server. When using an OpenLDAP 2.0 server, it
-is possible to use the use the StartTLS LDAP extended operation in the place of
-LDAPS. In either case, you are strongly discouraged to disable this security
-(<B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->ldap ssl = off</B
->).</P
-><P
->Note that the LDAPS protocol is deprecated in favor of the LDAPv3 StartTLS
-extended operation. However, the OpenLDAP library still provides support for
-the older method of securing communication between clients and servers.</P
-><P
->The second security precaution is to prevent non-administrative users from
-harvesting password hashes from the directory. This can be done using the
-following ACL in <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->slapd.conf</TT
->:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->## allow the "ldap admin dn" access, but deny everyone else
-access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword
- by dn="cn=Samba Admin,ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org" write
- by * none</PRE
-></P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2875">19.8. LDAP specials attributes for sambaAccounts</H1
-><P
->The sambaAccount objectclass is composed of the following attributes:</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->lmPassword</TT
->: the LANMAN password 16-byte hash stored as a character
- representation of a hexidecimal string.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->ntPassword</TT
->: the NT password hash 16-byte stored as a character
- representation of a hexidecimal string.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->pwdLastSet</TT
->: The integer time in seconds since 1970 when the
- <TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->lmPassword</TT
-> and <TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->ntPassword</TT
-> attributes were last set.
- </P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->acctFlags</TT
->: string of 11 characters surrounded by square brackets []
- representing account flags such as U (user), W(workstation), X(no password expiration), and
- D(disabled).</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->logonTime</TT
->: Integer value currently unused</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->logoffTime</TT
->: Integer value currently unused</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->kickoffTime</TT
->: Integer value currently unused</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->pwdCanChange</TT
->: Integer value currently unused</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->pwdMustChange</TT
->: Integer value currently unused</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->homeDrive</TT
->: specifies the drive letter to which to map the
- UNC path specified by homeDirectory. The drive letter must be specified in the form "X:"
- where X is the letter of the drive to map. Refer to the "logon drive" parameter in the
- smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->scriptPath</TT
->: The scriptPath property specifies the path of
- the user's logon script, .CMD, .EXE, or .BAT file. The string can be null. The path
- is relative to the netlogon share. Refer to the "logon script" parameter in the
- smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->profilePath</TT
->: specifies a path to the user's profile.
- This value can be a null string, a local absolute path, or a UNC path. Refer to the
- "logon path" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information.</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->smbHome</TT
->: The homeDirectory property specifies the path of
- the home directory for the user. The string can be null. If homeDrive is set and specifies
- a drive letter, homeDirectory should be a UNC path. The path must be a network
- UNC path of the form \\server\share\directory. This value can be a null string.
- Refer to the "logon home" parameter in the smb.conf(5) man page for more information.
- </P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->userWorkstation</TT
->: character string value currently unused.
- </P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->rid</TT
->: the integer representation of the user's relative identifier
- (RID).</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
-><TT
-CLASS="CONSTANT"
->primaryGroupID</TT
->: the relative identifier (RID) of the primary group
- of the user.</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->The majority of these parameters are only used when Samba is acting as a PDC of
-a domain (refer to the <A
-HREF="Samba-PDC-HOWTO.html"
-TARGET="_top"
->Samba-PDC-HOWTO</A
-> for details on
-how to configure Samba as a Primary Domain Controller). The following four attributes
-are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if the values are non-default values:</P
-><P
-></P
-><UL
-><LI
-><P
->smbHome</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->scriptPath</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->logonPath</P
-></LI
-><LI
-><P
->homeDrive</P
-></LI
-></UL
-><P
->These attributes are only stored with the sambaAccount entry if
-the values are non-default values. For example, assume TASHTEGO has now been
-configured as a PDC and that <B
-CLASS="COMMAND"
->logon home = \\%L\%u</B
-> was defined in
-its <TT
-CLASS="FILENAME"
->smb.conf</TT
-> file. When a user named "becky" logons to the domain,
-the <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->logon home</I
-></TT
-> string is expanded to \\TASHTEGO\becky.
-If the smbHome attribute exists in the entry "uid=becky,ou=people,dc=samba,dc=org",
-this value is used. However, if this attribute does not exist, then the value
-of the <TT
-CLASS="PARAMETER"
-><I
->logon home</I
-></TT
-> parameter is used in its place. Samba
-will only write the attribute value to the directory entry is the value is
-something other than the default (e.g. \\MOBY\becky).</P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2945">19.9. Example LDIF Entries for a sambaAccount</H1
-><P
->The following is a working LDIF with the inclusion of the posixAccount objectclass:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->dn: uid=guest2, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7
-pwdMustChange: 2147483647
-primaryGroupID: 1201
-lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE
-pwdLastSet: 1010179124
-logonTime: 0
-objectClass: sambaAccount
-uid: guest2
-kickoffTime: 2147483647
-acctFlags: [UX ]
-logoffTime: 2147483647
-rid: 19006
-pwdCanChange: 0</PRE
-></P
-><P
->The following is an LDIF entry for using both the sambaAccount and
-posixAccount objectclasses:</P
-><P
-><PRE
-CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
->dn: uid=gcarter, ou=people,dc=plainjoe,dc=org
-logonTime: 0
-displayName: Gerald Carter
-lmPassword: 552902031BEDE9EFAAD3B435B51404EE
-primaryGroupID: 1201
-objectClass: posixAccount
-objectClass: sambaAccount
-acctFlags: [UX ]
-userPassword: {crypt}BpM2ej8Rkzogo
-uid: gcarter
-uidNumber: 9000
-cn: Gerald Carter
-loginShell: /bin/bash
-logoffTime: 2147483647
-gidNumber: 100
-kickoffTime: 2147483647
-pwdLastSet: 1010179230
-rid: 19000
-homeDirectory: /home/tashtego/gcarter
-pwdCanChange: 0
-pwdMustChange: 2147483647
-ntPassword: 878D8014606CDA29677A44EFA1353FC7</PRE
-></P
-></DIV
-><DIV
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><H1
-CLASS="SECT1"
-><A
-NAME="AEN2953">19.10. Comments</H1
-><P
->Please mail all comments regarding this HOWTO to <A
-HREF="mailto:jerry@samba.org"
-TARGET="_top"
->jerry@samba.org</A
->. This documents was
-last updated to reflect the Samba 2.2.3 release.&#13;</P
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