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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/samba-pdc.html b/docs/htmldocs/samba-pdc.html index 951dd2ea96..93bbc727d4 100644 --- a/docs/htmldocs/samba-pdc.html +++ b/docs/htmldocs/samba-pdc.html @@ -1,498 +1,2606 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 5. -Samba as an NT4 or Win2k Primary Domain Controller -</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.59.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="type.html" title="Part II. Server Configuration Basics"><link rel="previous" href="securitylevels.html" title="Chapter 4. Samba as Stand-Alone Server"><link rel="next" href="samba-bdc.html" title="Chapter 6. -Samba Backup Domain Controller to Samba Domain Control -"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 5. -Samba as an NT4 or Win2k Primary Domain Controller -</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="securitylevels.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. Server Configuration Basics</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="samba-bdc.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title"><a name="samba-pdc"></a>Chapter 5. -Samba as an NT4 or Win2k Primary Domain Controller -</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">Gerald (Jerry) Carter</h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt><<a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">John H. Terpstra</h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">David Bannon</h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt><<a href="mailto:dbannon@samba.org">dbannon@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate"> (26 Apr 2001) </p></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2807495">Prerequisite Reading</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2807518"> -Background -</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2877458">Configuring the Samba Domain Controller</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2877759">Creating Machine Trust Accounts and Joining Clients to the Domain</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878028">Manual Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878262">"On-the-Fly" Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878318">Joining the Client to the Domain</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878425">Common Problems and Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878432">I cannot include a '$' in a machine name</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878470">I get told "You already have a connection to the Domain...." -or "Cannot join domain, the credentials supplied conflict with an -existing set.." when creating a machine trust account.</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878517">The system can not log you on (C000019B)....</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878568">The machine trust account for this computer either does not -exist or is not accessible.</a></dt><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878617">When I attempt to login to a Samba Domain from a NT4/W2K workstation, -I get a message about my account being disabled.</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878642">Domain Control for Windows 9x/ME</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="samba-pdc.html#id2878805">Configuration Instructions: Network Logons</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2807495"></a>Prerequisite Reading</h2></div></div><p> -Before you continue reading in this chapter, please make sure +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<HTML +><HEAD +><TITLE +>How to Configure Samba as a NT4 Primary Domain Controller</TITLE +><META +NAME="GENERATOR" +CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+ +"><LINK +REL="HOME" +TITLE="SAMBA Project Documentation" +HREF="samba-howto-collection.html"><LINK +REL="UP" +TITLE="Type of installation" +HREF="type.html"><LINK +REL="PREVIOUS" +TITLE="User and Share security level (for servers not in a domain)" +HREF="securitylevels.html"><LINK +REL="NEXT" +TITLE="How to Act as a Backup Domain Controller in a Purely Samba Controlled Domain" +HREF="samba-bdc.html"></HEAD +><BODY +CLASS="CHAPTER" +BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" +TEXT="#000000" +LINK="#0000FF" +VLINK="#840084" +ALINK="#0000FF" +><DIV +CLASS="NAVHEADER" +><TABLE +SUMMARY="Header navigation table" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +CELLPADDING="0" +CELLSPACING="0" +><TR +><TH +COLSPAN="3" +ALIGN="center" +>SAMBA Project Documentation</TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="10%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="bottom" +><A +HREF="securitylevels.html" +ACCESSKEY="P" +>Prev</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="80%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="bottom" +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="10%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="bottom" +><A +HREF="samba-bdc.html" +ACCESSKEY="N" +>Next</A +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +><HR +ALIGN="LEFT" +WIDTH="100%"></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="CHAPTER" +><H1 +><A +NAME="SAMBA-PDC">Chapter 6. How to Configure Samba as a NT4 Primary Domain Controller</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN575">6.1. Prerequisite Reading</H1 +><P +>Before you continue reading in this chapter, please make sure that you are comfortable with configuring basic files services in smb.conf and how to enable and administer password encryption in Samba. Theses two topics are covered in the -<tt>smb.conf</tt> manpage. -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2807518"></a> -Background -</h2></div></div><p> -This article outlines the steps necessary for configuring Samba as a PDC. -It is necessary to have a working Samba server prior to implementing the -PDC functionality. -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - Domain logons for Windows NT 4.0 / 200x / XP Professional clients. - </p></li><li><p> - Placing Windows 9x / Me clients in user level security - </p></li><li><p> - Retrieving a list of users and groups from a Samba PDC to - Windows 9x / Me / NT / 200x / XP Professional clients - </p></li><li><p> - Roaming Profiles - </p></li><li><p> - Network/System Policies - </p></li></ul></div><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> -Roaming Profiles and System/Network policies are advanced network administration topics -that are covered separately in this document. -</p></div><p> -The following functionalities are new to the Samba 3.0 release: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - Windows NT 4 domain trusts - </p></li><li><p> - Adding users via the User Manager for Domains - </p></li></ul></div><p> -The following functionalities are NOT provided by Samba 3.0: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - SAM replication with Windows NT 4.0 Domain Controllers +<A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html" +TARGET="_top" +><TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf(5)</TT +></A +> +manpage and the <A +HREF="ENCRYPTION.html" +TARGET="_top" +>Encryption chapter</A +> +of this HOWTO Collection.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN581">6.2. Background</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Author's Note:</I +></SPAN +> This document is a combination +of David Bannon's "Samba 2.2 PDC HOWTO" and "Samba NT Domain FAQ". +Both documents are superseded by this one.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>Versions of Samba prior to release 2.2 had marginal capabilities to act +as a Windows NT 4.0 Primary Domain Controller + +(PDC). With Samba 2.2.0, we are proud to announce official support for +Windows NT 4.0-style domain logons from Windows NT 4.0 and Windows +2000 clients. This article outlines the steps +necessary for configuring Samba as a PDC. It is necessary to have a +working Samba server prior to implementing the PDC functionality. If +you have not followed the steps outlined in <A +HREF="UNIX_INSTALL.html" +TARGET="_top" +> UNIX_INSTALL.html</A +>, please make sure +that your server is configured correctly before proceeding. Another +good resource in the <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html" +TARGET="_top" +>smb.conf(5) man +page</A +>. The following functionality should work in 2.2:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> domain logons for Windows NT 4.0/2000 clients. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> placing a Windows 9x client in user level security + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> retrieving a list of users and groups from a Samba PDC to + Windows 9x/NT/2000 clients + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> roving (roaming) user profiles + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Windows NT 4.0-style system policies + </P +></LI +></UL +><P +>The following pieces of functionality are not included in the 2.2 release:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> Windows NT 4 domain trusts + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> SAM replication with Windows NT 4.0 Domain Controllers (i.e. a Samba PDC and a Windows NT BDC or vice versa) - </p></li><li><p> - Acting as a Windows 2000 Domain Controller (i.e. Kerberos and + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Adding users via the User Manager for Domains + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Acting as a Windows 2000 Domain Controller (i.e. Kerberos and Active Directory) - </p></li></ul></div><p> -Please note that Windows 9x / Me / XP Home clients are not true members of a domain + </P +></LI +></UL +><P +>Please note that Windows 9x clients are not true members of a domain for reasons outlined in this article. Therefore the protocol for -support of Windows 9x-style domain logons is completely different -from NT4 / Win2k type domain logons and has been officially supported for some -time. -</p><p><span class="emphasis"><em> -MS Windows XP Home edition is NOT able to join a domain and does not permit -the use of domain logons.</em></span> -</p><p> -Implementing a Samba PDC can basically be divided into 3 broad -steps. -</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> - Configuring the Samba PDC - </p></li><li><p> - Creating machine trust accounts and joining clients to the domain - </p></li><li><p> - Adding and managing domain user accounts - </p></li></ol></div><p> -There are other minor details such as user profiles, system +support Windows 9x-style domain logons is completely different +from NT4 domain logons and has been officially supported for some +time.</P +><P +>Implementing a Samba PDC can basically be divided into 2 broad +steps.</P +><P +></P +><OL +TYPE="1" +><LI +><P +> Configuring the Samba PDC + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Creating machine trust accounts and joining clients + to the domain + </P +></LI +></OL +><P +>There are other minor details such as user profiles, system policies, etc... However, these are not necessarily specific to a Samba PDC as much as they are related to Windows NT networking -concepts. -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2877458"></a>Configuring the Samba Domain Controller</h2></div></div><p> -The first step in creating a working Samba PDC is to -understand the parameters necessary in smb.conf. Here we -attempt to explain the parameters that are covered in -the <tt>smb.conf</tt> man page. -</p><p> -Here is an example <tt>smb.conf</tt> for acting as a PDC: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -[global] +concepts. They will be mentioned only briefly here.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN620">6.3. Configuring the Samba Domain Controller</H1 +><P +>The first step in creating a working Samba PDC is to +understand the parameters necessary in smb.conf. I will not +attempt to re-explain the parameters here as they are more that +adequately covered in <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html" +TARGET="_top" +> the smb.conf +man page</A +>. For convenience, the parameters have been +linked with the actual smb.conf description.</P +><P +>Here is an example <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf</TT +> for acting as a PDC:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>[global] ; Basic server settings - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#NETBIOSNAME" target="_top">netbios name</a> = <i><tt>POGO</tt></i> - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#WORKGROUP" target="_top">workgroup</a> = <i><tt>NARNIA</tt></i> - - ; User and Machine Account Backends - ; Choices are: tdbsam, tdbsam_nua, smbpasswd, smbpasswd_nua, ldapsam, ldapsam_nua, ... - ; mysqlsam, xmlsam, guest - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#PASSDBBACKEND" target="_top">passdb backend</a> = ldapsam, guest + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#NETBIOSNAME" +TARGET="_top" +>netbios name</A +> = <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>POGO</I +></TT +> + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#WORKGROUP" +TARGET="_top" +>workgroup</A +> = <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>NARNIA</I +></TT +> ; we should act as the domain and local master browser - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#OSLEVEL" target="_top">os level</a> = 64 - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#PERFERREDMASTER" target="_top">preferred master</a> = yes - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#DOMAINMASTER" target="_top">domain master</a> = yes - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LOCALMASTER" target="_top">local master</a> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#OSLEVEL" +TARGET="_top" +>os level</A +> = 64 + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#PERFERREDMASTER" +TARGET="_top" +>preferred master</A +> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#DOMAINMASTER" +TARGET="_top" +>domain master</A +> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LOCALMASTER" +TARGET="_top" +>local master</A +> = yes ; security settings (must user security = user) - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#SECURITYEQUALSUSER" target="_top">security</a> = user + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#SECURITYEQUALSUSER" +TARGET="_top" +>security</A +> = user ; encrypted passwords are a requirement for a PDC - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" target="_top">encrypt passwords</a> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ENCRYPTPASSWORDS" +TARGET="_top" +>encrypt passwords</A +> = yes ; support domain logons - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#DOMAINLOGONS" target="_top">domain logons</a> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#DOMAINLOGONS" +TARGET="_top" +>domain logons</A +> = yes ; where to store user profiles? - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONPATH" target="_top">logon path</a> = \\%N\profiles\%u + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONPATH" +TARGET="_top" +>logon path</A +> = \\%N\profiles\%u - ; where is a user's home directory and where should it be mounted at? - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONDRIVE" target="_top">logon drive</a> = H: - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONHOME" target="_top">logon home</a> = \\homeserver\%u + ; where is a user's home directory and where should it + ; be mounted at? + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONDRIVE" +TARGET="_top" +>logon drive</A +> = H: + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONHOME" +TARGET="_top" +>logon home</A +> = \\homeserver\%u ; specify a generic logon script for all users ; this is a relative **DOS** path to the [netlogon] share - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONSCRIPT" target="_top">logon script</a> = logon.cmd + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#LOGONSCRIPT" +TARGET="_top" +>logon script</A +> = logon.cmd ; necessary share for domain controller [netlogon] - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#PATH" target="_top">path</a> = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#READONLY" target="_top">read only</a> = yes - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#WRITELIST" target="_top">write list</a> = <i><tt>ntadmin</tt></i> + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#PATH" +TARGET="_top" +>path</A +> = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#READONLY" +TARGET="_top" +>read only</A +> = yes + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#WRITELIST" +TARGET="_top" +>write list</A +> = <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>ntadmin</I +></TT +> ; share for storing user profiles [profiles] - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#PATH" target="_top">path</a> = /export/smb/ntprofile - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#READONLY" target="_top">read only</a> = no - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#CREATEMASK" target="_top">create mask</a> = 0600 - <a href="smb.conf.5.html#DIRECTORYMASK" target="_top">directory mask</a> = 0700 -</pre><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> -The above parameters make for a full set of parameters that may define the server's mode -of operation. The following parameters are the essentials alone: - -</p><pre class="programlisting"> - workgroup = NARNIA - domain logons = Yes - security = User -</pre><p> - -The additional parameters shown in the longer listing above just makes for a -more complete environment. -</p></div><p> -There are a couple of points to emphasize in the above configuration. -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - Encrypted passwords must be enabled. For more details on how - to do this, refer to <a href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 10. User information database">the User Database chapter</a>. - </p></li><li><p> - The server must support domain logons and a - <tt>[netlogon]</tt> share - </p></li><li><p> - The server must be the domain master browser in order for Windows + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#PATH" +TARGET="_top" +>path</A +> = /export/smb/ntprofile + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#READONLY" +TARGET="_top" +>read only</A +> = no + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#CREATEMASK" +TARGET="_top" +>create mask</A +> = 0600 + <A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#DIRECTORYMASK" +TARGET="_top" +>directory mask</A +> = 0700</PRE +></P +><P +>There are a couple of points to emphasize in the above configuration.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> Encrypted passwords must be enabled. For more details on how + to do this, refer to <A +HREF="ENCRYPTION.html" +TARGET="_top" +>ENCRYPTION.html</A +>. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The server must support domain logons and a + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>[netlogon]</TT +> share + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The server must be the domain master browser in order for Windows client to locate the server as a DC. Please refer to the various Network Browsing documentation included with this distribution for details. - </p></li></ul></div><p> -Samba 3.0 offers a complete implementation of group mapping + </P +></LI +></UL +><P +>As Samba 2.2 does not offer a complete implementation of group mapping between Windows NT groups and Unix groups (this is really quite -complicated to explain in a short space). -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2877759"></a>Creating Machine Trust Accounts and Joining Clients to the Domain</h2></div></div><p> -A machine trust account is a Samba account that is used to +complicated to explain in a short space), you should refer to the +<A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#DOMAINADMINGROUP" +TARGET="_top" +>domain admin +group</A +> smb.conf parameter for information of creating "Domain +Admins" style accounts.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN663">6.4. Creating Machine Trust Accounts and Joining Clients to the +Domain</H1 +><P +>A machine trust account is a Samba account that is used to authenticate a client machine (rather than a user) to the Samba -server. In Windows terminology, this is known as a "Computer -Account."</p><p> -The password of a machine trust account acts as the shared secret for +server. In Windows terminology, this is known as a "Computer +Account."</P +><P +>The password of a machine trust account acts as the shared secret for secure communication with the Domain Controller. This is a security feature to prevent an unauthorized machine with the same NetBIOS name from joining the domain and gaining access to domain user/group -accounts. Windows NT, 200x, XP Professional clients use machine trust -accounts, but Windows 9x / Me / XP Home clients do not. Hence, a -Windows 9x / Me / XP Home client is never a true member of a domain -because it does not possess a machine trust account, and thus has no -shared secret with the domain controller. -</p><p>A Windows PDC stores each machine trust account in the Windows -Registry. A Samba-3 PDC also has to store machine trust account information -in a suitable backend data store. With Samba-3 there can be multiple back-ends -for this including: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>smbpasswd</em></span> - the plain ascii file stored used by - earlier versions of Samba. This file configuration option requires - a Unix/Linux system account for EVERY entry (ie: both for user and for - machine accounts). This file will be located in the <span class="emphasis"><em>private</em></span> - directory (default is /usr/local/samba/lib/private or on linux /etc/samba). - </p></li><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>smbpasswd_nua</em></span> - This file is independant of the - system wide user accounts. The use of this back-end option requires - specification of the "non unix account range" option also. It is called - smbpasswd and will be located in the <tt>private</tt> directory. - </p></li><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam</em></span> - a binary database backend that will be - stored in the <span class="emphasis"><em>private</em></span> directory in a file called - <span class="emphasis"><em>passwd.tdb</em></span>. The key benefit of this binary format - file is that it can store binary objects that can not be accomodated - in the traditional plain text smbpasswd file. - </p></li><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>tdbsam_nua</em></span> like the smbpasswd_nua option above, this - file allows the creation of arbitrary user and machine accounts without - requiring that account to be added to the system (/etc/passwd) file. It - too requires the specification of the "non unix account range" option - in the [globals] section of the <tt>smb.conf</tt> file. - </p></li><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>ldapsam</em></span> - An LDAP based back-end. Permits the - LDAP server to be specified. eg: ldap://localhost or ldap://frodo.murphy.com - </p></li><li><p> - <span class="emphasis"><em>ldapsam_nua</em></span> - LDAP based back-end with no unix - account requirement, like smbpasswd_nua and tdbsam_nua above. - </p></li></ul></div><p>Read the chapter about the <a href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 10. User information database">User Database</a> -for details.</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> -The new tdbsam and ldapsam account backends store vastly more information than -smbpasswd is capable of. The new backend database includes capacity to specify -per user settings for many parameters, over-riding global settings given in the -<tt>smb.conf</tt> file. eg: logon drive, logon home, logon path, etc. -</p></div><p> -A Samba PDC, however, stores each machine trust account in two parts, -as follows: +accounts. Windows NT and 2000 clients use machine trust accounts, but +Windows 9x clients do not. Hence, a Windows 9x client is never a true +member of a domain because it does not possess a machine trust +account, and thus has no shared secret with the domain controller.</P +><P +>A Windows PDC stores each machine trust account in the Windows +Registry. A Samba PDC, however, stores each machine trust account +in two parts, as follows: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>A Samba account, stored in the same location as user +<P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>A Samba account, stored in the same location as user LanMan and NT password hashes (currently - <tt>smbpasswd</tt>). The Samba account - possesses and uses only the NT password hash.</p></li><li><p>A corresponding Unix account, typically stored in - <tt>/etc/passwd</tt>. (Future releases will alleviate the need to - create <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> entries.) </p></li></ul></div><p> -</p><p> -There are two ways to create machine trust accounts: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> Manual creation. Both the Samba and corresponding - Unix account are created by hand.</p></li><li><p> "On-the-fly" creation. The Samba machine trust + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smbpasswd</TT +>). The Samba account + possesses and uses only the NT password hash.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>A corresponding Unix account, typically stored in + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +>. (Future releases will alleviate the need to + create <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> entries.) </P +></LI +></UL +></P +><P +>There are two ways to create machine trust accounts:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> Manual creation. Both the Samba and corresponding + Unix account are created by hand.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +> "On-the-fly" creation. The Samba machine trust account is automatically created by Samba at the time the client is joined to the domain. (For security, this is the recommended method.) The corresponding Unix account may be - created automatically or manually. </p></li></ul></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878028"></a>Manual Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</h3></div></div><p> -The first step in manually creating a machine trust account is to + created automatically or manually. </P +></LI +></UL +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN682">6.4.1. Manual Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</H2 +><P +>The first step in manually creating a machine trust account is to manually create the corresponding Unix account in -<tt>/etc/passwd</tt>. This can be done using -<b>vipw</b> or other 'add user' command that is normally +<TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +>. This can be done using +<B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>vipw</B +> or other 'add user' command that is normally used to create new Unix accounts. The following is an example for a -Linux based Samba server: -</p><p> - <tt>root# </tt><b>/usr/sbin/useradd -g 100 -d /dev/null -c <i><tt>"machine -nickname"</tt></i> -s /bin/false <i><tt>machine_name</tt></i>$ </b> -</p><p> -<tt>root# </tt><b>passwd -l <i><tt>machine_name</tt></i>$</b> -</p><p>On *BSD systems, this can be done using the 'chpass' utility:</p><p> -<tt>root# </tt><b>chpass -a "<i><tt>machine_name</tt></i>$:*:101:100::0:0:Workstation <i><tt>machine_name</tt></i>:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin"</b> -</p><p> -The <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> entry will list the machine name -with a "$" appended, won't have a password, will have a null shell and no +Linux based Samba server:</P +><P +> <TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>/usr/sbin/useradd -g 100 -d /dev/null -c <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>"machine +nickname"</I +></TT +> -s /bin/false <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +>$ </B +></P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>passwd -l <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +>$</B +></P +><P +>On *BSD systems, this can be done using the 'chpass' utility:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>chpass -a "<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +>$:*:101:100::0:0:Workstation <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +>:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin"</B +></P +><P +>The <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> entry will list the machine name +with a "$" appended, won't have a password, will have a null shell and no home directory. For example a machine named 'doppy' would have an -<tt>/etc/passwd</tt> entry like this: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -doppy$:x:505:501:<i><tt>machine_nickname</tt></i>:/dev/null:/bin/false -</pre><p> -Above, <i><tt>machine_nickname</tt></i> can be any +<TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> entry like this:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>doppy$:x:505:501:<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_nickname</I +></TT +>:/dev/null:/bin/false</PRE +></P +><P +>Above, <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_nickname</I +></TT +> can be any descriptive name for the client, i.e., BasementComputer. -<i><tt>machine_name</tt></i> absolutely must be the NetBIOS -name of the client to be joined to the domain. The "$" must be +<TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +> absolutely must be the NetBIOS +name of the client to be joined to the domain. The "$" must be appended to the NetBIOS name of the client or Samba will not recognize -this as a machine trust account. -</p><p> -Now that the corresponding Unix account has been created, the next step is to create +this as a machine trust account.</P +><P +>Now that the corresponding Unix account has been created, the next step is to create the Samba account for the client containing the well-known initial -machine trust account password. This can be done using the <a href="smbpasswd.8.html" target="_top"><b>smbpasswd(8)</b></a> command -as shown here: -</p><p> -<tt>root# </tt><b><tt>smbpasswd -a -m <i><tt>machine_name</tt></i></tt></b> -</p><p> -where <i><tt>machine_name</tt></i> is the machine's NetBIOS +machine trust account password. This can be done using the <A +HREF="smbpasswd.8.html" +TARGET="_top" +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd(8)</B +></A +> command +as shown here:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>root# </TT +><B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd -a -m <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +></B +></P +><P +>where <TT +CLASS="REPLACEABLE" +><I +>machine_name</I +></TT +> is the machine's NetBIOS name. The RID of the new machine account is generated from the UID of -the corresponding Unix account. -</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Join the client to the domain immediately</h3><p> - Manually creating a machine trust account using this method is the +the corresponding Unix account.</P +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TH +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="CENTER" +><B +>Join the client to the domain immediately</B +></TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +> </TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +> Manually creating a machine trust account using this method is the equivalent of creating a machine trust account on a Windows NT PDC using - the "Server Manager". From the time at which the account is created + the "Server Manager". From the time at which the account is created to the time which the client joins the domain and changes the password, - your domain is vulnerable to an intruder joining your domain using + your domain is vulnerable to an intruder joining your domain using a a machine with the same NetBIOS name. A PDC inherently trusts members of the domain and will serve out a large degree of user information to such clients. You have been warned! - </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878262"></a>"On-the-Fly" Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</h3></div></div><p> -The second (and recommended) way of creating machine trust accounts is + </P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN723">6.4.2. "On-the-Fly" Creation of Machine Trust Accounts</H2 +><P +>The second (and recommended) way of creating machine trust accounts is simply to allow the Samba server to create them as needed when the client -is joined to the domain. </p><p>Since each Samba machine trust account requires a corresponding +is joined to the domain. </P +><P +>Since each Samba machine trust account requires a corresponding Unix account, a method for automatically creating the Unix account is usually supplied; this requires configuration of the -<a href="smb.conf.5.html#ADDUSERSCRIPT" target="_top">add user script</a> -option in <tt>smb.conf</tt>. This +<A +HREF="smb.conf.5.html#ADDUSERSCRIPT" +TARGET="_top" +>add user script</A +> +option in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>smb.conf</TT +>. This method is not required, however; corresponding Unix accounts may also -be created manually. -</p><p>Below is an example for a RedHat 6.2 Linux system. -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -[global] - # <...remainder of parameters...> - add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -d /dev/null -g 100 -s /bin/false -M %u -</pre></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878318"></a>Joining the Client to the Domain</h3></div></div><p> -The procedure for joining a client to the domain varies with the -version of Windows. -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Windows 2000</em></span></p><p> - When the user elects to join the client to a domain, Windows prompts for - an account and password that is privileged to join the domain. A Samba administrative - account (i.e., a Samba account that has root privileges on the Samba server) must be - entered here; the operation will fail if an ordinary user account is given. - The password for this account should be set to a different password than the associated - <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> entry, for security reasons. - </p><p> - The session key of the Samba administrative account acts as an +be created manually.</P +><P +>Below is an example for a RedHat 6.2 Linux system.</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>[global] + # <...remainder of parameters...> + add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -d /dev/null -g 100 -s /bin/false -M %u </PRE +></P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN732">6.4.3. Joining the Client to the Domain</H2 +><P +>The procedure for joining a client to the domain varies with the +version of Windows.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Windows 2000</I +></SPAN +></P +><P +> When the user elects to join the client to a domain, Windows prompts for + an account and password that is privileged to join the domain. A + Samba administrative account (i.e., a Samba account that has root + privileges on the Samba server) must be entered here; the + operation will fail if an ordinary user account is given. + The password for this account should be + set to a different password than the associated + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> entry, for security + reasons. </P +><P +>The session key of the Samba administrative account acts as an encryption key for setting the password of the machine trust account. The machine trust account will be created on-the-fly, or - updated if it already exists. - </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Windows NT</em></span></p><p> If the machine trust account was created manually, on the + updated if it already exists.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Windows NT</I +></SPAN +></P +><P +> If the machine trust account was created manually, on the Identification Changes menu enter the domain name, but do not - check the box "Create a Computer Account in the Domain." In this case, + check the box "Create a Computer Account in the Domain." In this case, the existing machine trust account is used to join the machine to - the domain.</p><p> If the machine trust account is to be created + the domain.</P +><P +> If the machine trust account is to be created on-the-fly, on the Identification Changes menu enter the domain - name, and check the box "Create a Computer Account in the Domain." In + name, and check the box "Create a Computer Account in the Domain." In this case, joining the domain proceeds as above for Windows 2000 (i.e., you must supply a Samba administrative account when - prompted).</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>Samba</em></span></p><p>Joining a samba client to a domain is documented in - the <a href="domain-member.html" title="Chapter 8. Samba as a NT4 or Win2k domain member">Domain Member</a> chapter. -</p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2878425"></a>Common Problems and Errors</h2></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878432"></a>I cannot include a '$' in a machine name</h3></div></div><p> -A 'machine name' in (typically) <tt>/etc/passwd</tt> -of the machine name with a '$' appended. FreeBSD (and other BSD -systems?) won't create a user with a '$' in their name. -</p><p> -The problem is only in the program used to make the entry. Once made, it works perfectly. -Create a user without the '$' using <b>vipw</b> to edit the entry, adding -the '$'. Or create the whole entry with vipw if you like, make sure you use a unique User ID! -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878470"></a>I get told "You already have a connection to the Domain...." -or "Cannot join domain, the credentials supplied conflict with an -existing set.." when creating a machine trust account.</h3></div></div><p> -This happens if you try to create a machine trust account from the -machine itself and already have a connection (e.g. mapped drive) -to a share (or IPC$) on the Samba PDC. The following command -will remove all network drive connections: -</p><p> -<tt>C:\WINNT\></tt> <b>net use * /d</b> -</p><p> -Further, if the machine is already a 'member of a workgroup' that -is the same name as the domain you are joining (bad idea) you will -get this message. Change the workgroup name to something else, it -does not matter what, reboot, and try again. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878517"></a>The system can not log you on (C000019B)....</h3></div></div><p>I joined the domain successfully but after upgrading -to a newer version of the Samba code I get the message, "The system -can not log you on (C000019B), Please try again or consult your -system administrator" when attempting to logon. -</p><p> -This occurs when the domain SID stored in the secrets.tdb database -is changed. The most common cause of a change in domain SID is when -the domain name and/or the server name (netbios name) is changed. -The only way to correct the problem is to restore the original domain -SID or remove the domain client from the domain and rejoin. The domain -SID may be reset using either the net or rpcclient utilities. -</p><p> -The reset or change the domain SID you can use the net command as follows: - -</p><pre class="programlisting"> - net getlocalsid 'OLDNAME' - net setlocalsid 'SID' -</pre><p> -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878568"></a>The machine trust account for this computer either does not -exist or is not accessible.</h3></div></div><p> -When I try to join the domain I get the message "The machine account -for this computer either does not exist or is not accessible". What's -wrong? -</p><p> -This problem is caused by the PDC not having a suitable machine trust account. -If you are using the <i><tt>add user script</tt></i> method to create -accounts then this would indicate that it has not worked. Ensure the domain -admin user system is working. -</p><p> -Alternatively if you are creating account entries manually then they -have not been created correctly. Make sure that you have the entry -correct for the machine trust account in smbpasswd file on the Samba PDC. -If you added the account using an editor rather than using the smbpasswd -utility, make sure that the account name is the machine NetBIOS name -with a '$' appended to it ( i.e. computer_name$ ). There must be an entry -in both /etc/passwd and the smbpasswd file. Some people have reported -that inconsistent subnet masks between the Samba server and the NT -client have caused this problem. Make sure that these are consistent -for both client and server. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878617"></a>When I attempt to login to a Samba Domain from a NT4/W2K workstation, -I get a message about my account being disabled.</h3></div></div><p> -At first be ensure to enable the useraccounts with <b>smbpasswd -e -%user%</b>, this is normally done, when you create an account. -</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2878642"></a>Domain Control for Windows 9x/ME</h2></div></div><p> -A domain and a workgroup are exactly the same thing in terms of network + prompted).</P +></LI +></UL +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN747">6.5. Common Problems and Errors</H1 +><P +></P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>I cannot include a '$' in a machine name.</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> A 'machine name' in (typically) <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/passwd</TT +> + of the machine name with a '$' appended. FreeBSD (and other BSD + systems?) won't create a user with a '$' in their name. + </P +><P +> The problem is only in the program used to make the entry, once + made, it works perfectly. So create a user without the '$' and + use <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>vipw</B +> to edit the entry, adding the '$'. Or create + the whole entry with vipw if you like, make sure you use a + unique User ID ! + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>I get told "You already have a connection to the Domain...." + or "Cannot join domain, the credentials supplied conflict with an + existing set.." when creating a machine trust account.</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> This happens if you try to create a machine trust account from the + machine itself and already have a connection (e.g. mapped drive) + to a share (or IPC$) on the Samba PDC. The following command + will remove all network drive connections: + </P +><P +> <TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>C:\WINNT\></TT +> <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>net use * /d</B +> + </P +><P +> Further, if the machine is a already a 'member of a workgroup' that + is the same name as the domain you are joining (bad idea) you will + get this message. Change the workgroup name to something else, it + does not matter what, reboot, and try again. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>The system can not log you on (C000019B)....</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +>I joined the domain successfully but after upgrading + to a newer version of the Samba code I get the message, "The system + can not log you on (C000019B), Please try a gain or consult your + system administrator" when attempting to logon. + </P +><P +> This occurs when the domain SID stored in + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>private/WORKGROUP.SID</TT +> is + changed. For example, you remove the file and <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbd</B +> automatically + creates a new one. Or you are swapping back and forth between + versions 2.0.7, TNG and the HEAD branch code (not recommended). The + only way to correct the problem is to restore the original domain + SID or remove the domain client from the domain and rejoin. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>The machine trust account for this computer either does not + exist or is not accessible.</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> When I try to join the domain I get the message "The machine account + for this computer either does not exist or is not accessible". What's + wrong? + </P +><P +> This problem is caused by the PDC not having a suitable machine trust account. + If you are using the <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>add user script</I +></TT +> method to create + accounts then this would indicate that it has not worked. Ensure the domain + admin user system is working. + </P +><P +> Alternatively if you are creating account entries manually then they + have not been created correctly. Make sure that you have the entry + correct for the machine trust account in smbpasswd file on the Samba PDC. + If you added the account using an editor rather than using the smbpasswd + utility, make sure that the account name is the machine NetBIOS name + with a '$' appended to it ( i.e. computer_name$ ). There must be an entry + in both /etc/passwd and the smbpasswd file. Some people have reported + that inconsistent subnet masks between the Samba server and the NT + client have caused this problem. Make sure that these are consistent + for both client and server. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>When I attempt to login to a Samba Domain from a NT4/W2K workstation, + I get a message about my account being disabled.</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> This problem is caused by a PAM related bug in Samba 2.2.0. This bug is + fixed in 2.2.1. Other symptoms could be unaccessible shares on + NT/W2K member servers in the domain or the following error in your smbd.log: + passdb/pampass.c:pam_account(268) PAM: UNKNOWN ERROR for User: %user% + </P +><P +> At first be ensure to enable the useraccounts with <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>smbpasswd -e + %user%</B +>, this is normally done, when you create an account. + </P +><P +> In order to work around this problem in 2.2.0, configure the + <TT +CLASS="PARAMETER" +><I +>account</I +></TT +> control flag in + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>/etc/pam.d/samba</TT +> file as follows: + </P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +> account required pam_permit.so + </PRE +></P +><P +> If you want to remain backward compatibility to samba 2.0.x use + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>pam_permit.so</TT +>, it's also possible to use + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>pam_pwdb.so</TT +>. There are some bugs if you try to + use <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>pam_unix.so</TT +>, if you need this, be ensure to use + the most recent version of this file. + </P +></LI +></UL +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN795">6.6. System Policies and Profiles</H1 +><P +>Much of the information necessary to implement System Policies and +Roving User Profiles in a Samba domain is the same as that for +implementing these same items in a Windows NT 4.0 domain. +You should read the white paper <A +HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/ntserver/management/deployment/planguide/prof_policies.asp" +TARGET="_top" +>Implementing +Profiles and Policies in Windows NT 4.0</A +> available from Microsoft.</P +><P +>Here are some additional details:</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>What about Windows NT Policy Editor?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> To create or edit <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>ntconfig.pol</TT +> you must use + the NT Server Policy Editor, <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>poledit.exe</B +> which + is included with NT Server but <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>not NT Workstation</I +></SPAN +>. + There is a Policy Editor on a NTws + but it is not suitable for creating <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Domain Policies</I +></SPAN +>. + Further, although the Windows 95 + Policy Editor can be installed on an NT Workstation/Server, it will not + work with NT policies because the registry key that are set by the policy templates. + However, the files from the NT Server will run happily enough on an NTws. + You need <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>poledit.exe, common.adm</TT +> and <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>winnt.adm</TT +>. It is convenient + to put the two *.adm files in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>c:\winnt\inf</TT +> which is where + the binary will look for them unless told otherwise. Note also that that + directory is 'hidden'. + </P +><P +> The Windows NT policy editor is also included with the Service Pack 3 (and + later) for Windows NT 4.0. Extract the files using <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>servicepackname /x</B +>, + i.e. that's <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>Nt4sp6ai.exe /x</B +> for service pack 6a. The policy editor, + <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>poledit.exe</B +> and the associated template files (*.adm) should + be extracted as well. It is also possible to downloaded the policy template + files for Office97 and get a copy of the policy editor. Another possible + location is with the Zero Administration Kit available for download from Microsoft. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Can Win95 do Policies?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> Install the group policy handler for Win9x to pick up group + policies. Look on the Win98 CD in <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>\tools\reskit\netadmin\poledit</TT +>. + Install group policies on a Win9x client by double-clicking + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>grouppol.inf</TT +>. Log off and on again a couple of + times and see if Win98 picks up group policies. Unfortunately this needs + to be done on every Win9x machine that uses group policies.... + </P +><P +> If group policies don't work one reports suggests getting the updated + (read: working) grouppol.dll for Windows 9x. The group list is grabbed + from /etc/group. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>How do I get 'User Manager' and 'Server Manager'</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> Since I don't need to buy an NT Server CD now, how do I get + the 'User Manager for Domains', the 'Server Manager'? + </P +><P +> Microsoft distributes a version of these tools called nexus for + installation on Windows 95 systems. The tools set includes + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>Server Manager</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>User Manager for Domains</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Event Viewer</P +></LI +></UL +><P +> Click here to download the archived file <A +HREF="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/NEXUS.EXE" +TARGET="_top" +>ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/NEXUS.EXE</A +> + </P +><P +> The Windows NT 4.0 version of the 'User Manager for + Domains' and 'Server Manager' are available from Microsoft via ftp + from <A +HREF="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/SRVTOOLS.EXE" +TARGET="_top" +>ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/SRVTOOLS.EXE</A +> + </P +></LI +></UL +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN839">6.7. What other help can I get?</H1 +><P +>There are many sources of information available in the form +of mailing lists, RFC's and documentation. The docs that come +with the samba distribution contain very good explanations of +general SMB topics such as browsing.</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>What are some diagnostics tools I can use to debug the domain logon + process and where can I find them?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> One of the best diagnostic tools for debugging problems is Samba itself. + You can use the -d option for both smbd and nmbd to specify what + 'debug level' at which to run. See the man pages on smbd, nmbd and + smb.conf for more information on debugging options. The debug + level can range from 1 (the default) to 10 (100 for debugging passwords). + </P +><P +> Another helpful method of debugging is to compile samba using the + <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>gcc -g </B +> flag. This will include debug + information in the binaries and allow you to attach gdb to the + running smbd / nmbd process. In order to attach gdb to an smbd + process for an NT workstation, first get the workstation to make the + connection. Pressing ctrl-alt-delete and going down to the domain box + is sufficient (at least, on the first time you join the domain) to + generate a 'LsaEnumTrustedDomains'. Thereafter, the workstation + maintains an open connection, and therefore there will be an smbd + process running (assuming that you haven't set a really short smbd + idle timeout) So, in between pressing ctrl alt delete, and actually + typing in your password, you can gdb attach and continue. + </P +><P +> Some useful samba commands worth investigating: + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>testparam | more</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>smbclient -L //{netbios name of server}</P +></LI +></UL +><P +> An SMB enabled version of tcpdump is available from + <A +HREF="http://www.tcpdump.org/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://www.tcpdup.org/</A +>. + Ethereal, another good packet sniffer for Unix and Win32 + hosts, can be downloaded from <A +HREF="http://www.ethereal.com/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://www.ethereal.com</A +>. + </P +><P +> For tracing things on the Microsoft Windows NT, Network Monitor + (aka. netmon) is available on the Microsoft Developer Network CD's, + the Windows NT Server install CD and the SMS CD's. The version of + netmon that ships with SMS allows for dumping packets between any two + computers (i.e. placing the network interface in promiscuous mode). + The version on the NT Server install CD will only allow monitoring + of network traffic directed to the local NT box and broadcasts on the + local subnet. Be aware that Ethereal can read and write netmon + formatted files. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>How do I install 'Network Monitor' on an NT Workstation + or a Windows 9x box?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> Installing netmon on an NT workstation requires a couple + of steps. The following are for installing Netmon V4.00.349, which comes + with Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0, on Microsoft Windows NT + Workstation 4.0. The process should be similar for other version of + Windows NT / Netmon. You will need both the Microsoft Windows + NT Server 4.0 Install CD and the Workstation 4.0 Install CD. + </P +><P +> Initially you will need to install 'Network Monitor Tools and Agent' + on the NT Server. To do this + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>Goto Start - Settings - Control Panel - + Network - Services - Add </P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Select the 'Network Monitor Tools and Agent' and + click on 'OK'.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Click 'OK' on the Network Control Panel. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Insert the Windows NT Server 4.0 install CD + when prompted.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +> At this point the Netmon files should exist in + <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.*</TT +>. + Two subdirectories exist as well, <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>parsers\</TT +> + which contains the necessary DLL's for parsing the netmon packet + dump, and <TT +CLASS="FILENAME" +>captures\</TT +>. + </P +><P +> In order to install the Netmon tools on an NT Workstation, you will + first need to install the 'Network Monitor Agent' from the Workstation + install CD. + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>Goto Start - Settings - Control Panel - + Network - Services - Add</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Select the 'Network Monitor Agent' and click + on 'OK'.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Click 'OK' on the Network Control Panel. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Insert the Windows NT Workstation 4.0 install + CD when prompted.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +> Now copy the files from the NT Server in %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.* + to %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.* on the Workstation and set + permissions as you deem appropriate for your site. You will need + administrative rights on the NT box to run netmon. + </P +><P +> To install Netmon on a Windows 9x box install the network monitor agent + from the Windows 9x CD (\admin\nettools\netmon). There is a readme + file located with the netmon driver files on the CD if you need + information on how to do this. Copy the files from a working + Netmon installation. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The following is a list if helpful URLs and other links: + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>Home of Samba site <A +HREF="http://samba.org" +TARGET="_top" +> http://samba.org</A +>. We have a mirror near you !</P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Development</I +></SPAN +> document + on the Samba mirrors might mention your problem. If so, + it might mean that the developers are working on it.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>See how Scott Merrill simulates a BDC behavior at + <A +HREF="http://www.skippy.net/linux/smb-howto.html" +TARGET="_top" +> http://www.skippy.net/linux/smb-howto.html</A +>. </P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Although 2.0.7 has almost had its day as a PDC, David Bannon will + keep the 2.0.7 PDC pages at <A +HREF="http://bioserve.latrobe.edu.au/samba" +TARGET="_top" +> http://bioserve.latrobe.edu.au/samba</A +> going for a while yet.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Misc links to CIFS information + <A +HREF="http://samba.org/cifs/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://samba.org/cifs/</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +>NT Domains for Unix <A +HREF="http://mailhost.cb1.com/~lkcl/ntdom/" +TARGET="_top" +> http://mailhost.cb1.com/~lkcl/ntdom/</A +></P +></LI +><LI +><P +>FTP site for older SMB specs: + <A +HREF="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/" +TARGET="_top" +> ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/</A +></P +></LI +></UL +></LI +></UL +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>How do I get help from the mailing lists?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +> There are a number of Samba related mailing lists. Go to <A +HREF="http://samba.org" +TARGET="_top" +>http://samba.org</A +>, click on your nearest mirror + and then click on <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>Support</B +> and then click on <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +> Samba related mailing lists</B +>. + </P +><P +> For questions relating to Samba TNG go to + <A +HREF="http://www.samba-tng.org/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://www.samba-tng.org/</A +> + It has been requested that you don't post questions about Samba-TNG to the + main stream Samba lists.</P +><P +> If you post a message to one of the lists please observe the following guide lines : + </P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +> Always remember that the developers are volunteers, they are + not paid and they never guarantee to produce a particular feature at + a particular time. Any time lines are 'best guess' and nothing more. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Always mention what version of samba you are using and what + operating system its running under. You should probably list the + relevant sections of your smb.conf file, at least the options + in [global] that affect PDC support.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>In addition to the version, if you obtained Samba via + CVS mention the date when you last checked it out.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Try and make your question clear and brief, lots of long, + convoluted questions get deleted before they are completely read ! + Don't post html encoded messages (if you can select colour or font + size its html).</P +></LI +><LI +><P +> If you run one of those nifty 'I'm on holidays' things when + you are away, make sure its configured to not answer mailing lists. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> Don't cross post. Work out which is the best list to post to + and see what happens, i.e. don't post to both samba-ntdom and samba-technical. + Many people active on the lists subscribe to more + than one list and get annoyed to see the same message two or more times. + Often someone will see a message and thinking it would be better dealt + with on another, will forward it on for you.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>You might include <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>partial</I +></SPAN +> + log files written at a debug level set to as much as 20. + Please don't send the entire log but enough to give the context of the + error messages.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>(Possibly) If you have a complete netmon trace ( from the opening of + the pipe to the error ) you can send the *.CAP file as well.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Please think carefully before attaching a document to an email. + Consider pasting the relevant parts into the body of the message. The samba + mailing lists go to a huge number of people, do they all need a copy of your + smb.conf in their attach directory?</P +></LI +></UL +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>How do I get off the mailing lists?</I +></SPAN +> + </P +><P +>To have your name removed from a samba mailing list, go to the + same place you went to to get on it. Go to <A +HREF="http://lists.samba.org/" +TARGET="_top" +>http://lists.samba.org</A +>, + click on your nearest mirror and then click on <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +>Support</B +> and + then click on <B +CLASS="COMMAND" +> Samba related mailing lists</B +>. Or perhaps see + <A +HREF="http://lists.samba.org/mailman/roster/samba-ntdom" +TARGET="_top" +>here</A +> + </P +><P +> Please don't post messages to the list asking to be removed, you will just + be referred to the above address (unless that process failed in some way...) + </P +></LI +></UL +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN953">6.8. Domain Control for Windows 9x/ME</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>The following section contains much of the original +DOMAIN.txt file previously included with Samba. Much of +the material is based on what went into the book <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>Special +Edition, Using Samba</I +></SPAN +>, by Richard Sharpe.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>A domain and a workgroup are exactly the same thing in terms of network browsing. The difference is that a distributable authentication database is associated with a domain, for secure login access to a network. Also, different access rights can be granted to users if they -successfully authenticate against a domain logon server. Samba-3 does this -now in the same way that MS Windows NT/2K. -</p><p> -The SMB client logging on to a domain has an expectation that every other +successfully authenticate against a domain logon server (NT server and +other systems based on NT server support this, as does at least Samba TNG now).</P +><P +>The SMB client logging on to a domain has an expectation that every other server in the domain should accept the same authentication information. -Network browsing functionality of domains and workgroups is identical and -is explained in this documentation under the browsing discussions. -It should be noted, that browsing is totally orthogonal to logon support. -</p><p> -Issues related to the single-logon network model are discussed in this +Network browsing functionality of domains and workgroups is +identical and is explained in BROWSING.txt. It should be noted, that browsing +is totally orthogonal to logon support.</P +><P +>Issues related to the single-logon network model are discussed in this section. Samba supports domain logons, network logon scripts, and user profiles for MS Windows for workgroups and MS Windows 9X/ME clients -which are the focus of this section. -</p><p> -When an SMB client in a domain wishes to logon it broadcast requests for a +which will be the focus of this section.</P +><P +>When an SMB client in a domain wishes to logon it broadcast requests for a logon server. The first one to reply gets the job, and validates its password using whatever mechanism the Samba administrator has installed. It is possible (but very stupid) to create a domain where the user database is not shared between servers, i.e. they are effectively workgroup servers advertising themselves as participating in a domain. This demonstrates how authentication is quite different from but closely -involved with domains. -</p><p> -Using these features you can make your clients verify their logon via +involved with domains.</P +><P +>Using these features you can make your clients verify their logon via the Samba server; make clients run a batch file when they logon to -the network and download their preferences, desktop and start menu. -</p><p> -Before launching into the configuration instructions, it is -worthwhile to look at how a Windows 9x/ME client performs a logon: -</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> - The client broadcasts (to the IP broadcast address of the subnet it is in) - a NetLogon request. This is sent to the NetBIOS name DOMAIN<1c> at the +the network and download their preferences, desktop and start menu.</P +><P +>Before launching into the configuration instructions, it is +worthwhile lookingat how a Windows 9x/ME client performs a logon:</P +><P +></P +><OL +TYPE="1" +><LI +><P +> The client broadcasts (to the IP broadcast address of the subnet it is in) + a NetLogon request. This is sent to the NetBIOS name DOMAIN<1c> at the NetBIOS layer. The client chooses the first response it receives, which contains the NetBIOS name of the logon server to use in the format of \\SERVER. - </p></li><li><p> - The client then connects to that server, logs on (does an SMBsessetupX) and + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then connects to that server, logs on (does an SMBsessetupX) and then connects to the IPC$ share (using an SMBtconX). - </p></li><li><p> - The client then does a NetWkstaUserLogon request, which retrieves the name + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then does a NetWkstaUserLogon request, which retrieves the name of the user's logon script. - </p></li><li><p> - The client then connects to the NetLogon share and searches for this + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then connects to the NetLogon share and searches for this and if it is found and can be read, is retrieved and executed by the client. After this, the client disconnects from the NetLogon share. - </p></li><li><p> - The client then sends a NetUserGetInfo request to the server, to retrieve + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then sends a NetUserGetInfo request to the server, to retrieve the user's home share, which is used to search for profiles. Since the - response to the NetUserGetInfo request does not contain much more then + response to the NetUserGetInfo request does not contain much more the user's home share, profiles for Win9X clients MUST reside in the user home directory. - </p></li><li><p> - The client then connects to the user's home share and searches for the + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then connects to the user's home share and searches for the user's profile. As it turns out, you can specify the user's home share as a sharename and path. For example, \\server\fred\.profile. If the profiles are found, they are implemented. - </p></li><li><p> - The client then disconnects from the user's home share, and reconnects to + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> The client then disconnects from the user's home share, and reconnects to the NetLogon share and looks for CONFIG.POL, the policies file. If this is found, it is read and implemented. - </p></li></ol></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2878805"></a>Configuration Instructions: Network Logons</h3></div></div><p> -The main difference between a PDC and a Windows 9x logon -server configuration is that -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> -Password encryption is not required for a Windows 9x logon server. -</p></li><li><p> -Windows 9x/ME clients do not possess machine trust accounts. -</p></li></ul></div><p> -Therefore, a Samba PDC will also act as a Windows 9x logon -server. -</p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">security mode and master browsers</h3><p> -There are a few comments to make in order to tie up some + </P +></LI +></OL +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN979">6.8.1. Configuration Instructions: Network Logons</H2 +><P +>The main difference between a PDC and a Windows 9x logon +server configuration is that</P +><P +></P +><UL +><LI +><P +>Password encryption is not required for a Windows 9x logon server.</P +></LI +><LI +><P +>Windows 9x/ME clients do not possess machine trust accounts.</P +></LI +></UL +><P +>Therefore, a Samba PDC will also act as a Windows 9x logon +server.</P +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TH +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="CENTER" +><B +>security mode and master browsers</B +></TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +> </TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>There are a few comments to make in order to tie up some loose ends. There has been much debate over the issue of whether or not it is ok to configure Samba as a Domain Controller in security -modes other than <tt>USER</tt>. The only security mode -which will not work due to technical reasons is <tt>SHARE</tt> -mode security. <tt>DOMAIN</tt> and <tt>SERVER</tt> -mode security is really just a variation on SMB user level security. -</p><p> -Actually, this issue is also closely tied to the debate on whether +modes other than <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>USER</TT +>. The only security mode +which will not work due to technical reasons is <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>SHARE</TT +> +mode security. <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>DOMAIN</TT +> and <TT +CLASS="CONSTANT" +>SERVER</TT +> +mode security is really just a variation on SMB user level security.</P +><P +>Actually, this issue is also closely tied to the debate on whether or not Samba must be the domain master browser for its workgroup when operating as a DC. While it may technically be possible to configure a server as such (after all, browsing and domain logons -are two distinctly different functions), it is not a good idea to do +are two distinctly different functions), it is not a good idea to so. You should remember that the DC must register the DOMAIN#1b NetBIOS name. This is the name used by Windows clients to locate the DC. Windows clients do not distinguish between the DC and the DMB. -For this reason, it is very wise to configure the Samba DC as the DMB. -</p><p> -Now back to the issue of configuring a Samba DC to use a mode other -than "security = user". If a Samba host is configured to use +For this reason, it is very wise to configure the Samba DC as the DMB.</P +><P +>Now back to the issue of configuring a Samba DC to use a mode other +than "security = user". If a Samba host is configured to use another SMB server or DC in order to validate user connection requests, then it is a fact that some other machine on the network -(the "password server") knows more about the user than the Samba host. +(the "password server") knows more about user than the Samba host. 99% of the time, this other host is a domain controller. Now -in order to operate in domain mode security, the "workgroup" parameter +in order to operate in domain mode security, the "workgroup" parameter must be set to the name of the Windows NT domain (which already -has a domain controller, right?) -</p><p> -Therefore configuring a Samba box as a DC for a domain that +has a domain controller, right?)</P +><P +>Therefore configuring a Samba box as a DC for a domain that already by definition has a PDC is asking for trouble. Therefore, you should always configure the Samba DC to be the DMB -for its domain. -</p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="securitylevels.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="type.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="samba-bdc.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 4. Samba as Stand-Alone Server </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 6. -Samba Backup Domain Controller to Samba Domain Control -</td></tr></table></div></body></html> +for its domain.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT2" +><H2 +CLASS="SECT2" +><A +NAME="AEN998">6.8.2. Configuration Instructions: Setting up Roaming User Profiles</H2 +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>NOTE!</I +></SPAN +> Roaming profiles support is different +for Win9X and WinNT.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>Before discussing how to configure roaming profiles, it is useful to see how +Win9X and WinNT clients implement these features.</P +><P +>Win9X clients send a NetUserGetInfo request to the server to get the user's +profiles location. However, the response does not have room for a separate +profiles location field, only the user's home share. This means that Win9X +profiles are restricted to being in the user's home directory.</P +><P +>WinNT clients send a NetSAMLogon RPC request, which contains many fields, +including a separate field for the location of the user's profiles. +This means that support for profiles is different for Win9X and WinNT.</P +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1006">6.8.2.1. Windows NT Configuration</H3 +><P +>To support WinNT clients, in the [global] section of smb.conf set the +following (for example):</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>logon path = \\profileserver\profileshare\profilepath\%U\moreprofilepath</PRE +></P +><P +>The default for this option is \\%N\%U\profile, namely +\\sambaserver\username\profile. The \\N%\%U service is created +automatically by the [homes] service. +If you are using a samba server for the profiles, you _must_ make the +share specified in the logon path browseable. </P +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>[lkcl 26aug96 - we have discovered a problem where Windows clients can +maintain a connection to the [homes] share in between logins. The +[homes] share must NOT therefore be used in a profile path.]</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1014">6.8.2.2. Windows 9X Configuration</H3 +><P +>To support Win9X clients, you must use the "logon home" parameter. Samba has +now been fixed so that "net use/home" now works as well, and it, too, relies +on the "logon home" parameter.</P +><P +>By using the logon home parameter, you are restricted to putting Win9X +profiles in the user's home directory. But wait! There is a trick you +can use. If you set the following in the [global] section of your +smb.conf file:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>logon home = \\%L\%U\.profiles</PRE +></P +><P +>then your Win9X clients will dutifully put their clients in a subdirectory +of your home directory called .profiles (thus making them hidden).</P +><P +>Not only that, but 'net use/home' will also work, because of a feature in +Win9X. It removes any directory stuff off the end of the home directory area +and only uses the server and share portion. That is, it looks like you +specified \\%L\%U for "logon home".</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1022">6.8.2.3. Win9X and WinNT Configuration</H3 +><P +>You can support profiles for both Win9X and WinNT clients by setting both the +"logon home" and "logon path" parameters. For example:</P +><P +><PRE +CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" +>logon home = \\%L\%U\.profiles +logon path = \\%L\profiles\%U</PRE +></P +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>I have not checked what 'net use /home' does on NT when "logon home" is +set as above.</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1029">6.8.2.4. Windows 9X Profile Setup</H3 +><P +>When a user first logs in on Windows 9X, the file user.DAT is created, +as are folders "Start Menu", "Desktop", "Programs" and "Nethood". +These directories and their contents will be merged with the local +versions stored in c:\windows\profiles\username on subsequent logins, +taking the most recent from each. You will need to use the [global] +options "preserve case = yes", "short preserve case = yes" and +"case sensitive = no" in order to maintain capital letters in shortcuts +in any of the profile folders.</P +><P +>The user.DAT file contains all the user's preferences. If you wish to +enforce a set of preferences, rename their user.DAT file to user.MAN, +and deny them write access to this file.</P +><P +></P +><OL +TYPE="1" +><LI +><P +> On the Windows 95 machine, go to Control Panel | Passwords and + select the User Profiles tab. Select the required level of + roaming preferences. Press OK, but do _not_ allow the computer + to reboot. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> On the Windows 95 machine, go to Control Panel | Network | + Client for Microsoft Networks | Preferences. Select 'Log on to + NT Domain'. Then, ensure that the Primary Logon is 'Client for + Microsoft Networks'. Press OK, and this time allow the computer + to reboot. + </P +></LI +></OL +><P +>Under Windows 95, Profiles are downloaded from the Primary Logon. +If you have the Primary Logon as 'Client for Novell Networks', then +the profiles and logon script will be downloaded from your Novell +Server. If you have the Primary Logon as 'Windows Logon', then the +profiles will be loaded from the local machine - a bit against the +concept of roaming profiles, if you ask me.</P +><P +>You will now find that the Microsoft Networks Login box contains +[user, password, domain] instead of just [user, password]. Type in +the samba server's domain name (or any other domain known to exist, +but bear in mind that the user will be authenticated against this +domain and profiles downloaded from it, if that domain logon server +supports it), user name and user's password.</P +><P +>Once the user has been successfully validated, the Windows 95 machine +will inform you that 'The user has not logged on before' and asks you +if you wish to save the user's preferences? Select 'yes'.</P +><P +>Once the Windows 95 client comes up with the desktop, you should be able +to examine the contents of the directory specified in the "logon path" +on the samba server and verify that the "Desktop", "Start Menu", +"Programs" and "Nethood" folders have been created.</P +><P +>These folders will be cached locally on the client, and updated when +the user logs off (if you haven't made them read-only by then :-). +You will find that if the user creates further folders or short-cuts, +that the client will merge the profile contents downloaded with the +contents of the profile directory already on the local client, taking +the newest folders and short-cuts from each set.</P +><P +>If you have made the folders / files read-only on the samba server, +then you will get errors from the w95 machine on logon and logout, as +it attempts to merge the local and the remote profile. Basically, if +you have any errors reported by the w95 machine, check the Unix file +permissions and ownership rights on the profile directory contents, +on the samba server.</P +><P +>If you have problems creating user profiles, you can reset the user's +local desktop cache, as shown below. When this user then next logs in, +they will be told that they are logging in "for the first time".</P +><P +></P +><OL +TYPE="1" +><LI +><P +> instead of logging in under the [user, password, domain] dialog, + press escape. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> run the regedit.exe program, and look in: + </P +><P +> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Windows\CurrentVersion\ProfileList + </P +><P +> you will find an entry, for each user, of ProfilePath. Note the + contents of this key (likely to be c:\windows\profiles\username), + then delete the key ProfilePath for the required user. + </P +><P +> [Exit the registry editor]. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> <SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>WARNING</I +></SPAN +> - before deleting the contents of the + directory listed in + the ProfilePath (this is likely to be c:\windows\profiles\username), + ask them if they have any important files stored on their desktop + or in their start menu. delete the contents of the directory + ProfilePath (making a backup if any of the files are needed). + </P +><P +> This will have the effect of removing the local (read-only hidden + system file) user.DAT in their profile directory, as well as the + local "desktop", "nethood", "start menu" and "programs" folders. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> search for the user's .PWL password-caching file in the c:\windows + directory, and delete it. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> log off the windows 95 client. + </P +></LI +><LI +><P +> check the contents of the profile path (see "logon path" described + above), and delete the user.DAT or user.MAN file for the user, + making a backup if required. + </P +></LI +></OL +><P +>If all else fails, increase samba's debug log levels to between 3 and 10, +and / or run a packet trace program such as tcpdump or netmon.exe, and +look for any error reports.</P +><P +>If you have access to an NT server, then first set up roaming profiles +and / or netlogons on the NT server. Make a packet trace, or examine +the example packet traces provided with NT server, and see what the +differences are with the equivalent samba trace.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1065">6.8.2.5. Windows NT Workstation 4.0</H3 +><P +>When a user first logs in to a Windows NT Workstation, the profile +NTuser.DAT is created. The profile location can be now specified +through the "logon path" parameter. </P +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>[lkcl 10aug97 - i tried setting the path to +\\samba-server\homes\profile, and discovered that this fails because +a background process maintains the connection to the [homes] share +which does _not_ close down in between user logins. you have to +have \\samba-server\%L\profile, where user is the username created +from the [homes] share].</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>There is a parameter that is now available for use with NT Profiles: +"logon drive". This should be set to "h:" or any other drive, and +should be used in conjunction with the new "logon home" parameter.</P +><P +>The entry for the NT 4.0 profile is a _directory_ not a file. The NT +help on profiles mentions that a directory is also created with a .PDS +extension. The user, while logging in, must have write permission to +create the full profile path (and the folder with the .PDS extension) +[lkcl 10aug97 - i found that the creation of the .PDS directory failed, +and had to create these manually for each user, with a shell script. +also, i presume, but have not tested, that the full profile path must +be browseable just as it is for w95, due to the manner in which they +attempt to create the full profile path: test existence of each path +component; create path component].</P +><P +>In the profile directory, NT creates more folders than 95. It creates +"Application Data" and others, as well as "Desktop", "Nethood", +"Start Menu" and "Programs". The profile itself is stored in a file +NTuser.DAT. Nothing appears to be stored in the .PDS directory, and +its purpose is currently unknown.</P +><P +>You can use the System Control Panel to copy a local profile onto +a samba server (see NT Help on profiles: it is also capable of firing +up the correct location in the System Control Panel for you). The +NT Help file also mentions that renaming NTuser.DAT to NTuser.MAN +turns a profile into a mandatory one.</P +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>[lkcl 10aug97 - i notice that NT Workstation tells me that it is +downloading a profile from a slow link. whether this is actually the +case, or whether there is some configuration issue, as yet unknown, +that makes NT Workstation _think_ that the link is a slow one is a +matter to be resolved].</P +><P +>[lkcl 20aug97 - after samba digest correspondence, one user found, and +another confirmed, that profiles cannot be loaded from a samba server +unless "security = user" and "encrypt passwords = yes" (see the file +ENCRYPTION.txt) or "security = server" and "password server = ip.address. +of.yourNTserver" are used. Either of these options will allow the NT +workstation to access the samba server using LAN manager encrypted +passwords, without the user intervention normally required by NT +workstation for clear-text passwords].</P +><P +>[lkcl 25aug97 - more comments received about NT profiles: the case of +the profile _matters_. the file _must_ be called NTuser.DAT or, for +a mandatory profile, NTuser.MAN].</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1078">6.8.2.6. Windows NT Server</H3 +><P +>There is nothing to stop you specifying any path that you like for the +location of users' profiles. Therefore, you could specify that the +profile be stored on a samba server, or any other SMB server, as long as +that SMB server supports encrypted passwords.</P +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT3" +><H3 +CLASS="SECT3" +><A +NAME="AEN1081">6.8.2.7. Sharing Profiles between W95 and NT Workstation 4.0</H3 +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TH +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="CENTER" +><B +>Potentially outdated or incorrect material follows</B +></TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +> </TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>I think this is all bogus, but have not deleted it. (Richard Sharpe)</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +>The default logon path is \\%N\%U. NT Workstation will attempt to create +a directory "\\samba-server\username.PDS" if you specify the logon path +as "\\samba-server\username" with the NT User Manager. Therefore, you +will need to specify (for example) "\\samba-server\username\profile". +NT 4.0 will attempt to create "\\samba-server\username\profile.PDS", which +is more likely to succeed.</P +><P +>If you then want to share the same Start Menu / Desktop with W95, you will +need to specify "logon path = \\samba-server\username\profile" [lkcl 10aug97 +this has its drawbacks: i created a shortcut to telnet.exe, which attempts +to run from the c:\winnt\system32 directory. this directory is obviously +unlikely to exist on a Win95-only host].</P +><P +> If you have this set up correctly, you will find separate user.DAT and +NTuser.DAT files in the same profile directory.</P +><DIV +CLASS="NOTE" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="NOTE" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/note.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Note"></TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +>[lkcl 25aug97 - there are some issues to resolve with downloading of +NT profiles, probably to do with time/date stamps. i have found that +NTuser.DAT is never updated on the workstation after the first time that +it is copied to the local workstation profile directory. this is in +contrast to w95, where it _does_ transfer / update profiles correctly].</P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></DIV +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="SECT1" +><H1 +CLASS="SECT1" +><A +NAME="AEN1091">6.9. DOMAIN_CONTROL.txt : Windows NT Domain Control & Samba</H1 +><DIV +CLASS="WARNING" +><P +></P +><TABLE +CLASS="WARNING" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="25" +ALIGN="CENTER" +VALIGN="TOP" +><IMG +SRC="../images/warning.gif" +HSPACE="5" +ALT="Warning"></TD +><TH +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="CENTER" +><B +>Possibly Outdated Material</B +></TH +></TR +><TR +><TD +> </TD +><TD +ALIGN="LEFT" +VALIGN="TOP" +><P +> This appendix was originally authored by John H Terpstra of + the Samba Team and is included here for posterity. + </P +></TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +><P +><SPAN +CLASS="emphasis" +><I +CLASS="EMPHASIS" +>NOTE :</I +></SPAN +> +The term "Domain Controller" and those related to it refer to one specific +method of authentication that can underly an SMB domain. Domain Controllers +prior to Windows NT Server 3.1 were sold by various companies and based on +private extensions to the LAN Manager 2.1 protocol. Windows NT introduced +Microsoft-specific ways of distributing the user authentication database. +See DOMAIN.txt for examples of how Samba can participate in or create +SMB domains based on shared authentication database schemes other than the +Windows NT SAM.</P +><P +>Windows NT Server can be installed as either a plain file and print server +(WORKGROUP workstation or server) or as a server that participates in Domain +Control (DOMAIN member, Primary Domain controller or Backup Domain controller). +The same is true for OS/2 Warp Server, Digital Pathworks and other similar +products, all of which can participate in Domain Control along with Windows NT.</P +><P +>To many people these terms can be confusing, so let's try to clear the air.</P +><P +>Every Windows NT system (workstation or server) has a registry database. +The registry contains entries that describe the initialization information +for all services (the equivalent of Unix Daemons) that run within the Windows +NT environment. The registry also contains entries that tell application +software where to find dynamically loadable libraries that they depend upon. +In fact, the registry contains entries that describes everything that anything +may need to know to interact with the rest of the system.</P +><P +>The registry files can be located on any Windows NT machine by opening a +command prompt and typing:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>C:\WINNT\></TT +> dir %SystemRoot%\System32\config</P +><P +>The environment variable %SystemRoot% value can be obtained by typing:</P +><P +><TT +CLASS="PROMPT" +>C:\WINNT></TT +>echo %SystemRoot%</P +><P +>The active parts of the registry that you may want to be familiar with are +the files called: default, system, software, sam and security.</P +><P +>In a domain environment, Microsoft Windows NT domain controllers participate +in replication of the SAM and SECURITY files so that all controllers within +the domain have an exactly identical copy of each.</P +><P +>The Microsoft Windows NT system is structured within a security model that +says that all applications and services must authenticate themselves before +they can obtain permission from the security manager to do what they set out +to do.</P +><P +>The Windows NT User database also resides within the registry. This part of +the registry contains the user's security identifier, home directory, group +memberships, desktop profile, and so on.</P +><P +>Every Windows NT system (workstation as well as server) will have its own +registry. Windows NT Servers that participate in Domain Security control +have a database that they share in common - thus they do NOT own an +independent full registry database of their own, as do Workstations and +plain Servers.</P +><P +>The User database is called the SAM (Security Access Manager) database and +is used for all user authentication as well as for authentication of inter- +process authentication (i.e. to ensure that the service action a user has +requested is permitted within the limits of that user's privileges).</P +><P +>The Samba team have produced a utility that can dump the Windows NT SAM into +smbpasswd format: see ENCRYPTION.txt for information on smbpasswd and +/pub/samba/pwdump on your nearest Samba mirror for the utility. This +facility is useful but cannot be easily used to implement SAM replication +to Samba systems.</P +><P +>Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT Workstations and Servers +can participate in a Domain security system that is controlled by Windows NT +servers that have been correctly configured. Almost every domain will have +ONE Primary Domain Controller (PDC). It is desirable that each domain will +have at least one Backup Domain Controller (BDC).</P +><P +>The PDC and BDCs then participate in replication of the SAM database so that +each Domain Controlling participant will have an up to date SAM component +within its registry.</P +></DIV +></DIV +><DIV +CLASS="NAVFOOTER" +><HR +ALIGN="LEFT" +WIDTH="100%"><TABLE +SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" +WIDTH="100%" +BORDER="0" +CELLPADDING="0" +CELLSPACING="0" +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="securitylevels.html" +ACCESSKEY="P" +>Prev</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="34%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="samba-howto-collection.html" +ACCESSKEY="H" +>Home</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="samba-bdc.html" +ACCESSKEY="N" +>Next</A +></TD +></TR +><TR +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="left" +VALIGN="top" +>User and Share security level (for servers not in a domain)</TD +><TD +WIDTH="34%" +ALIGN="center" +VALIGN="top" +><A +HREF="type.html" +ACCESSKEY="U" +>Up</A +></TD +><TD +WIDTH="33%" +ALIGN="right" +VALIGN="top" +>How to Act as a Backup Domain Controller in a Purely Samba Controlled Domain</TD +></TR +></TABLE +></DIV +></BODY +></HTML +>
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