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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/winbindd.8.html b/docs/htmldocs/winbindd.8.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6dd9819c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/winbindd.8.html @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>winbindd</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="winbindd.8"></a><div class="titlepage"><div></div><div></div></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>winbindd — Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names + from NT servers</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><tt class="command">winbindd</tt> [-F] [-S] [-i] [-Y] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-n]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>This program is part of the <a href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a> suite.</p><p><b class="command">winbindd</b> is a daemon that provides + a service for the Name Service Switch capability that is present + in most modern C libraries. The Name Service Switch allows user + and system information to be obtained from different databases + services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured + throught the <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file. + Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range + of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the + Samba system.</p><p>The service provided by <b class="command">winbindd</b> is called `winbind' and + can be used to resolve user and group information from a + Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication + services via an associated PAM module. </p><p> + The <tt class="filename">pam_winbind</tt> module in the 2.2.2 release only + supports the <i class="parameter"><tt>auth</tt></i> and <i class="parameter"><tt>account</tt></i> + module-types. The latter simply + performs a getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the + user. If the <tt class="filename">libnss_winbind</tt> library has been correctly + installed, this should always succeed. + </p><p>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by + the winbindd service: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">hosts</span></dt><dd><p>User information traditionally stored in + the <tt class="filename">hosts(5)</tt> file and used by + <b class="command">gethostbyname(3)</b> functions. Names are + resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">passwd</span></dt><dd><p>User information traditionally stored in + the <tt class="filename">passwd(5)</tt> file and used by + <b class="command">getpwent(3)</b> functions. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">group</span></dt><dd><p>Group information traditionally stored in + the <tt class="filename">group(5)</tt> file and used by + <b class="command">getgrent(3)</b> functions. </p></dd></dl></div><p>For example, the following simple configuration in the + <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file can be used to initially + resolve user and group information from <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd + </tt> and <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt> and then from the + Windows NT server. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +passwd: files winbind +group: files winbind +</pre><p>The following simple configuration in the + <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file can be used to initially + resolve hostnames from <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> and then from the + WINS server.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>OPTIONS</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">-F</span></dt><dd><p>If specified, this parameter causes + the main <b class="command">winbindd</b> process to not daemonize, + i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal. + Child processes are still created as normal to service + each connection request, but the main process does not + exit. This operation mode is suitable for running + <b class="command">winbindd</b> under process supervisors such + as <b class="command">supervise</b> and <b class="command">svscan</b> + from Daniel J. Bernstein's <b class="command">daemontools</b> + package, or the AIX process monitor. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt><dd><p>If specified, this parameter causes + <b class="command">winbindd</b> to log to standard output rather + than a file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt><dd><p>Prints the program version number. +</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-s <configuration file></span></dt><dd><p>The file specified contains the +configuration details required by the server. The +information in this file includes server-specific +information such as what printcap file to use, as well +as descriptions of all the services that the server is +to provide. See <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> for more information. +The default configuration file name is determined at +compile time.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-d|--debug=debuglevel</span></dt><dd><p><i class="replaceable"><tt>debuglevel</tt></i> is an integer +from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is +not specified is zero.</p><p>The higher this value, the more detail will be +logged to the log files about the activities of the +server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious +warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for +day-to-day running - it generates a small amount of +information about operations carried out.</p><p>Levels above 1 will generate considerable +amounts of log data, and should only be used when +investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for +use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log +data, most of which is extremely cryptic.</p><p>Note that specifying this parameter here will +override the <a class="indexterm" name="id2796670"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>log level</tt></i> parameter +in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-l|--logfile=logbasename</span></dt><dd><p>File name for log/debug files. The extension +<tt class="constant">".client"</tt> will be appended. The log file is +never removed by the client. +</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-h|--help</span></dt><dd><p>Print a summary of command line options. +</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt><dd><p>Tells <b class="command">winbindd</b> to not + become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This + option is used by developers when interactive debugging + of <b class="command">winbindd</b> is required. + <b class="command">winbindd</b> also logs to standard output, + as if the <b class="command">-S</b> parameter had been given. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-n</span></dt><dd><p>Disable caching. This means winbindd will + always have to wait for a response from the domain controller + before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things + slower. The results will however be more accurate, since + results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This + might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">-Y</span></dt><dd><p>Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will run + as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd's + default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for + updating expired cache entries. + </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</h2><p>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned + a relative id (rid) which is unique for the domain when the + user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group + into a unix user or group, a mapping between rids and unix user + and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <b class="command"> + winbindd</b> performs. </p><p>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user + and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This + is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing + users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user + or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored + in a database file under the Samba lock directory and will be + remembered. </p><p>WARNING: The rid to unix id database is the only location + where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this + file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to + determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user + and group rids. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2><p>Configuration of the <b class="command">winbindd</b> daemon + is done through configuration parameters in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file. All parameters should be specified in the + [global] section of smb.conf. </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799169"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>winbind separator</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799187"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>idmap uid</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799205"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>idmap gid</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799223"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>winbind cache time</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799241"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>winbind enum users</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799259"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>winbind enum groups</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799277"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>template homedir</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799295"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>template shell</tt></i></p></li><li><p> + <a class="indexterm" name="id2799313"></a><i class="parameter"><tt>winbind use default domain</tt></i></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>EXAMPLE SETUP</h2><p>To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus + authentication from a domain controller use something like the + following setup. This was tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box. </p><p>In <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> put the + following: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +passwd: files winbind +group: files winbind +</pre><p>In <tt class="filename">/etc/pam.d/*</tt> replace the <i class="parameter"><tt> + auth</tt></i> lines with something like this: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so +auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so +auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so +auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok +</pre><p>Note in particular the use of the <i class="parameter"><tt>sufficient + </tt></i> keyword and the <i class="parameter"><tt>use_first_pass</tt></i> keyword. </p><p>Now replace the account lines with this: </p><p><b class="command">account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so + </b></p><p>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the + <b class="command">net</b> program like this: </p><p><b class="command">net join -S PDC -U Administrator</b></p><p>The username after the <i class="parameter"><tt>-U</tt></i> can be any + Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine. + Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</p><p>Next copy <tt class="filename">libnss_winbind.so</tt> to + <tt class="filename">/lib</tt> and <tt class="filename">pam_winbind.so + </tt> to <tt class="filename">/lib/security</tt>. A symbolic link needs to be + made from <tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so</tt> to + <tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</tt>. If you are using an + older version of glibc then the target of the link should be + <tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</tt>.</p><p>Finally, setup a <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> containing directives like the + following: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +[global] + winbind separator = + + winbind cache time = 10 + template shell = /bin/bash + template homedir = /home/%D/%U + idmap uid = 10000-20000 + idmap gid = 10000-20000 + workgroup = DOMAIN + security = domain + password server = * +</pre><p>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and + group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups, + and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using + the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the + commands <b class="command">getent passwd</b> and <b class="command">getent group + </b> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>NOTES</h2><p>The following notes are useful when configuring and + running <b class="command">winbindd</b>: </p><p><a href="nmbd.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nmbd</span>(8)</span></a> must be running on the local machine + for <b class="command">winbindd</b> to work. <b class="command">winbindd</b> queries + the list of trusted domains for the Windows NT server + on startup and when a SIGHUP is received. Thus, for a running <b class="command"> + winbindd</b> to become aware of new trust relationships between + servers, it must be sent a SIGHUP signal. </p><p>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what + you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible + to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </p><p>If more than one UNIX machine is running <b class="command">winbindd</b>, + then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not + be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local + machine.</p><p>If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group id mapping + file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>SIGNALS</h2><p>The following signals can be used to manipulate the + <b class="command">winbindd</b> daemon. </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt><dd><p>Reload the <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file and + apply any parameter changes to the running + version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached + user and group information. The list of other domains trusted + by winbindd is also reloaded. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">SIGUSR2</span></dt><dd><p>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <b class="command"> + winbindd</b> to write status information to the winbind + log file including information about the number of user and + group ids allocated by <b class="command">winbindd</b>.</p><p>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the + log file parameter.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>FILES</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</tt></span></dt><dd><p>Name service switch configuration file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</span></dt><dd><p>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with + the <b class="command">winbindd</b> program. For security reasons, the + winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon + if both the <tt class="filename">/tmp/.winbindd</tt> directory + and <tt class="filename">/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</tt> file are owned by + root. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe</span></dt><dd><p>The UNIX pipe over which 'privilaged' clients + communicate with the <b class="command">winbindd</b> program. For security + reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by + the <b class="command">ntlm_auth</b> utility - is restricted. By default, + only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator + may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged to allow + programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth. + Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon + if both the <tt class="filename">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged</tt> directory + and <tt class="filename">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe</tt> file are owned by + root. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</span></dt><dd><p>Implementation of name service switch library. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</span></dt><dd><p>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group + id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially + compiled using the <i class="parameter"><tt>--with-lockdir</tt></i> option. + This directory is by default <tt class="filename">/usr/local/samba/var/locks + </tt>. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</span></dt><dd><p>Storage for cached user and group information. + </p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>VERSION</h2><p>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of + the Samba suite.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p><tt class="filename">nsswitch.conf(5)</tt>, <a href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a>, <a href="wbinfo.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wbinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a></p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>AUTHOR</h2><p>The original Samba software and related utilities + were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed + by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar + to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</p><p><b class="command">wbinfo</b> and <b class="command">winbindd</b> were + written by Tim Potter.</p><p>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done + by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for + Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</p></div></div></body></html> |