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-/* ========================================================================== **
- * ubi_SplayTree.c
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1993-1995 by Christopher R. Hertel
- *
- * Email: crh@ubiqx.mn.org
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * This module implements "splay" trees. Splay trees are binary trees
- * that are rearranged (splayed) whenever a node is accessed. The
- * splaying process *tends* to make the tree bushier (improves balance),
- * and the nodes that are accessed most frequently *tend* to be closer to
- * the top.
- *
- * References: "Self-Adjusting Binary Search Trees", by Daniel Sleator and
- * Robert Tarjan. Journal of the Association for Computing
- * Machinery Vol 32, No. 3, July 1985 pp. 652-686
- *
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
- * Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- *
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * $Log: ubi_SplayTree.c,v $
- * Revision 1.1 1997/10/09 04:09:54 crh
- * This is my library of lists and trees. My hope is to replace all of the
- * hard coded linked lists that are currently used in Samba with calls to
- * these modules. This should make the code simpler, smaller, and (I hope)
- * faster. The tree code, in particular, should speed up processing where
- * large lists are involved.
- *
- * Chris -)-----
- *
- * Revision 2.5 1997/07/26 04:15:42 crh
- * + Cleaned up a few minor syntax annoyances that gcc discovered for me.
- * + Changed ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to ubi_trTRUE and ubi_trFALSE.
- *
- * Revision 2.4 1997/06/03 04:42:21 crh
- * Changed TRUE and FALSE to ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to avoid causing
- * problems.
- *
- * Revision 2.3 1995/10/03 22:19:07 CRH
- * Ubisized!
- * Also, added the function ubi_sptSplay().
- *
- * Revision 2.1 95/03/09 23:54:42 CRH
- * Added the ModuleID static string and function. These modules are now
- * self-identifying.
- *
- * Revision 2.0 95/02/27 22:34:46 CRH
- * This module was updated to match the interface changes made to the
- * ubi_BinTree module. In particular, the interface to the Locate() function
- * has changed. See ubi_BinTree for more information on changes and new
- * functions.
- *
- * The revision number was also upped to match ubi_BinTree.
- *
- * Revision 1.1 93/10/18 20:35:16 CRH
- * I removed the hard-coded logical device names from the include file
- * specifications. CRH
- *
- * Revision 1.0 93/10/15 23:00:15 CRH
- * With this revision, I have added a set of #define's that provide a single,
- * standard API to all existing tree modules. Until now, each of the three
- * existing modules had a different function and typedef prefix, as follows:
- *
- * Module Prefix
- * ubi_BinTree ubi_bt
- * ubi_AVLtree ubi_avl
- * ubi_SplayTree ubi_spt
- *
- * To further complicate matters, only those portions of the base module
- * (ubi_BinTree) that were superceeded in the new module had the new names.
- * For example, if you were using ubi_AVLtree, the AVL node structure was
- * named "ubi_avlNode", but the root structure was still "ubi_btRoot". Using
- * SplayTree, the locate function was called "ubi_sptLocate", but the next
- * and previous functions remained "ubi_btNext" and "ubi_btPrev".
- *
- * This was not too terrible if you were familiar with the modules and knew
- * exactly which tree model you wanted to use. If you wanted to be able to
- * change modules (for speed comparisons, etc), things could get messy very
- * quickly.
- *
- * So, I have added a set of defined names that get redefined in any of the
- * descendant modules. To use this standardized interface in your code,
- * simply replace all occurances of "ubi_bt", "ubi_avl", and "ubi_spt" with
- * "ubi_tr". The "ubi_tr" names will resolve to the correct function or
- * datatype names for the module that you are using. Just remember to
- * include the header for that module in your program file. Because these
- * names are handled by the preprocessor, there is no added run-time
- * overhead.
- *
- * Note that the original names do still exist, and can be used if you wish
- * to write code directly to a specific module. This should probably only be
- * done if you are planning to implement a new descendant type, such as
- * red/black trees. CRH
- *
- * Revision 0.1 93/04/25 22:03:32 CRH
- * Simply changed the <exec/types.h> #include reference the .c file to
- * use <stdlib.h> instead. The latter is portable, the former is not.
- *
- * Revision 0.0 93/04/21 23:05:52 CRH
- * Initial version, written by Christopher R. Hertel.
- * This module implements Splay Trees using the ubi_BinTree module as a basis.
- *
- * ========================================================================== **
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h> /* Defines NULL for us. */
-#include "ubi_SplayTree.h" /* Header for THIS module. */
-
-/* ========================================================================== **
- * Static data.
- */
-
-static char ModuleID[] = "ubi_SplayTree\n\
-\t$Revision: 1.1 $\n\
-\t$Date: 1997/10/09 04:09:54 $\n\
-\t$Author: crh $\n";
-
-
-/* ========================================================================== **
- * Private functions...
- */
-
-static void Rotate( ubi_btNodePtr p )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function performs a single rotation, moving node *p up one level
- * in the tree.
- *
- * Input: p - a pointer to an ubi_btNode in a tree.
- *
- * Output: None.
- *
- * Notes: This implements a single rotation in either direction (left
- * or right). This is the basic building block of all splay
- * tree rotations.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr parentp;
- ubi_btNodePtr tmp;
- char way;
- char revway;
-
- parentp = p->Link[PARENT]; /* Find parent. */
-
- if( parentp ) /* If no parent, then we're already the root. */
- {
- way = p->gender;
- revway = RevWay(way);
- tmp = p->Link[revway];
-
- parentp->Link[way] = tmp;
- if( tmp )
- {
- tmp->Link[PARENT] = parentp;
- tmp->gender = way;
- }
-
- tmp = parentp->Link[PARENT];
- p->Link[PARENT] = tmp;
- p->gender = parentp->gender;
- if( tmp )
- tmp->Link[p->gender] = p;
-
- parentp->Link[PARENT] = p;
- parentp->gender = revway;
- p->Link[revway] = parentp;
- }
- } /* Rotate */
-
-static ubi_btNodePtr Splay( ubi_btNodePtr SplayWithMe )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Move the node indicated by SplayWithMe to the root of the tree by
- * splaying the tree.
- *
- * Input: SplayWithMe - A pointer to an ubi_btNode within a tree.
- *
- * Output: A pointer to the root of the splay tree (i.e., the same as
- * SplayWithMe).
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr parent;
-
- while( (parent = SplayWithMe->Link[PARENT]) )
- {
- if( parent->gender == SplayWithMe->gender ) /* Zig-Zig */
- Rotate( parent );
- else
- {
- if( EQUAL != parent->gender ) /* Zig-Zag */
- Rotate( SplayWithMe );
- }
- Rotate( SplayWithMe ); /* Zig */
- } /* while */
- return( SplayWithMe );
- } /* Splay */
-
-/* ========================================================================== **
- * Exported utilities.
- */
-
-ubi_trBool ubi_sptInsert( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr NewNode,
- ubi_btItemPtr ItemPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr *OldNode )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function uses a non-recursive algorithm to add a new element to the
- * splay tree.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - a pointer to the ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
- * the root of the tree to which NewNode is to be added.
- * NewNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNode structure that is NOT
- * part of any tree.
- * ItemPtr - A pointer to the sort key that is stored within
- * *NewNode. ItemPtr MUST point to information stored
- * in *NewNode or an EXACT DUPLICATE. The key data
- * indicated by ItemPtr is used to place the new node
- * into the tree.
- * OldNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNodePtr. When searching
- * the tree, a duplicate node may be found. If
- * duplicates are allowed, then the new node will
- * be simply placed into the tree. If duplicates
- * are not allowed, however, then one of two things
- * may happen.
- * 1) if overwritting *is not* allowed, this
- * function will return FALSE (indicating that
- * the new node could not be inserted), and
- * *OldNode will point to the duplicate that is
- * still in the tree.
- * 2) if overwritting *is* allowed, then this
- * function will swap **OldNode for *NewNode.
- * In this case, *OldNode will point to the node
- * that was removed (thus allowing you to free
- * the node).
- * ** If you are using overwrite mode, ALWAYS **
- * ** check the return value of this parameter! **
- * Note: You may pass NULL in this parameter, the
- * function knows how to cope. If you do this,
- * however, there will be no way to return a
- * pointer to an old (ie. replaced) node (which is
- * a problem if you are using overwrite mode).
- *
- * Output: a boolean value indicating success or failure. The function
- * will return FALSE if the node could not be added to the tree.
- * Such failure will only occur if duplicates are not allowed,
- * nodes cannot be overwritten, AND a duplicate key was found
- * within the tree.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr OtherP;
-
- if( !(OldNode) )
- OldNode = &OtherP;
-
- if( ubi_btInsert( RootPtr, NewNode, ItemPtr, OldNode ) )
- {
- RootPtr->root = Splay( NewNode );
- return( ubi_trTRUE );
- }
-
- /* Splay the unreplacable, duplicate keyed, unique, old node. */
- RootPtr->root = Splay( (*OldNode) );
- return( ubi_trFALSE );
- } /* ubi_sptInsert */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_sptRemove( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr, ubi_btNodePtr DeadNode )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function removes the indicated node from the tree.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree that contains
- * the node to be removed.
- * DeadNode - A pointer to the node that will be removed.
- *
- * Output: This function returns a pointer to the node that was removed
- * from the tree (ie. the same as DeadNode).
- *
- * Note: The node MUST be in the tree indicated by RootPtr. If not,
- * strange and evil things will happen to your trees.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr p;
-
- (void)Splay( DeadNode ); /* Move dead node to root. */
- if( (p = DeadNode->Link[LEFT]) ) /* If left subtree exists... */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr q = DeadNode->Link[RIGHT];
-
- p->Link[PARENT] = NULL; /* Left subtree node becomes root.*/
- p->gender = PARENT;
- p = ubi_btLast( p ); /* Find rightmost left tree node..*/
- p->Link[RIGHT] = q; /* ...attach right tree. */
- if( q )
- q->Link[PARENT] = p;
- RootPtr->root = Splay( p ); /* Resplay at p. */
- }
- else
- {
- if( (p = DeadNode->Link[RIGHT]) ) /* No left, but right subtree... */
- { /* ...exists... */
- p->Link[PARENT] = NULL; /* Right subtree root becomes... */
- p->gender = PARENT; /* ...overall tree root. */
- RootPtr->root = p;
- }
- else
- RootPtr->root = NULL; /* No subtrees => empty tree. */
- }
-
- (RootPtr->count)--; /* Decrement node count. */
- return( DeadNode ); /* Return pointer to pruned node. */
- } /* ubi_sptRemove */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_sptLocate( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr FindMe,
- ubi_trCompOps CompOp )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * The purpose of ubi_btLocate() is to find a node or set of nodes given
- * a target value and a "comparison operator". The Locate() function is
- * more flexible and (in the case of trees that may contain dupicate keys)
- * more precise than the ubi_btFind() function. The latter is faster,
- * but it only searches for exact matches and, if the tree contains
- * duplicates, Find() may return a pointer to any one of the duplicate-
- * keyed records.
- *
- * Input:
- * RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
- * FindMe - An ubi_btItemPtr that indicates the key for which to
- * search.
- * CompOp - One of the following:
- * CompOp Return a pointer to the node with
- * ------ ---------------------------------
- * ubi_trLT - the last key value that is less
- * than FindMe.
- * ubi_trLE - the first key matching FindMe, or
- * the last key that is less than
- * FindMe.
- * ubi_trEQ - the first key matching FindMe.
- * ubi_trGE - the first key matching FindMe, or the
- * first key greater than FindMe.
- * ubi_trGT - the first key greater than FindMe.
- * Output:
- * A pointer to the node matching the criteria listed above under
- * CompOp, or NULL if no node matched the criteria.
- *
- * Notes:
- * In the case of trees with duplicate keys, Locate() will behave as
- * follows:
- *
- * Find: 3 Find: 3
- * Keys: 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 Keys: 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 6
- * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- * LT EQ GT LE GE
- *
- * That is, when returning a pointer to a node with a key that is LESS
- * THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
- * LAST matching node.
- * When returning a pointer to a node with a key that is GREATER
- * THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
- * FIRST matching node.
- *
- * See Also: ubi_btFind(), ubi_btFirstOf(), ubi_btLastOf().
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr p;
-
- p = ubi_btLocate( RootPtr, FindMe, CompOp );
- if( p )
- RootPtr->root = Splay( p );
- return( p );
- } /* ubi_sptLocate */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_sptFind( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr FindMe )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function performs a non-recursive search of a tree for any node
- * matching a specific key.
- *
- * Input:
- * RootPtr - a pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
- * FindMe - a pointer to the key value for which to search.
- *
- * Output:
- * A pointer to a node with a key that matches the key indicated by
- * FindMe, or NULL if no such node was found.
- *
- * Note: In a tree that allows duplicates, the pointer returned *might
- * not* point to the (sequentially) first occurance of the
- * desired key. In such a tree, it may be more useful to use
- * ubi_sptLocate().
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- ubi_btNodePtr p;
-
- p = ubi_btFind( RootPtr, FindMe );
- if( p )
- RootPtr->root = Splay( p );
- return( p );
- } /* ubi_sptFind */
-
-void ubi_sptSplay( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr SplayMe )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function allows you to splay the tree at a given node, thus moving
- * the node to the top of the tree.
- *
- * Input:
- * RootPtr - a pointer to the header of the tree to be splayed.
- * SplayMe - a pointer to a node within the tree. This will become
- * the new root node.
- * Output: None.
- *
- * Notes: This is an uncharacteristic function for this group of modules
- * in that it provides access to the internal balancing routines,
- * which would normally be hidden.
- * Splaying the tree will not damage it (assuming that I've done
- * *my* job), but there is overhead involved. I don't recommend
- * that you use this function unless you understand the underlying
- * Splay Tree principles involved.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- RootPtr->root = Splay( SplayMe );
- } /* ubi_sptSplay */
-
-int ubi_sptModuleID( int size, char *list[] )
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Returns a set of strings that identify the module.
- *
- * Input: size - The number of elements in the array <list>.
- * list - An array of pointers of type (char *). This array
- * should, initially, be empty. This function will fill
- * in the array with pointers to strings.
- * Output: The number of elements of <list> that were used. If this value
- * is less than <size>, the values of the remaining elements are
- * not guaranteed.
- *
- * Notes: Please keep in mind that the pointers returned indicate strings
- * stored in static memory. Don't free() them, don't write over
- * them, etc. Just read them.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
- {
- if( size > 0 )
- {
- list[0] = ModuleID;
- if( size > 1 )
- return( 1 + ubi_btModuleID( --size, &(list[1]) ) );
- return( 1 );
- }
- return( 0 );
- } /* ubi_sptModuleID */
-
-/* ================================ The End ================================= */