From d4b35b895cdf157e49609b59ec89ab648dafb524 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Terpstra Date: Wed, 13 Apr 2005 04:04:36 +0000 Subject: More updates. (This used to be commit 20f8bde1d0a2b2e42efedcdac21778fe34c0ab79) --- docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml | 559 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 559 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml (limited to 'docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml') diff --git a/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml b/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9cf797a702 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/TOSHARG-Diagnosis.xml @@ -0,0 +1,559 @@ + + + + + &author.tridge; + &author.jelmer; + &author.danshearer; + Wed Jan 15 + + +The Samba Checklist + + +Introduction + + +This file contains a list of tests you can perform to validate your +Samba server. It also tells you what the likely cause of the problem +is if it fails any one of these steps. If it passes all these tests, +then it is probably working fine. + + + +You should do all the tests, in the order shown. We have tried to +carefully choose them so later tests only use capabilities verified in +the earlier tests. However, do not stop at the first error as there +have been some instances when continuing with the tests has helped +to solve a problem. + + + +If you send one of the Samba mailing lists an email saying, it does not work +and you have not followed this test procedure, you should not be surprised +if your email is ignored. + + + + + +Assumptions + + +In all of the tests, it is assumed you have a Samba server called +BIGSERVER and a PC called ACLIENT both in workgroup TESTGROUP. + + + +The procedure is similar for other types of clients. + + + +It is also assumed you know the name of an available share in your +&smb.conf;. I will assume this share is called . +You can add a share like this by adding the +lines shown in the next example. + + + +smb.conf with [tmp] share + +temporary files +/tmp +yes + + + + +These tests assume version 3.0.0 or later of the Samba suite. +Some commands shown did not exist in earlier versions. + + + +Please pay attention to the error messages you receive. If any error message +reports that your server is being unfriendly, you should first check that your +IP name resolution is correctly set up. Make sure your /etc/resolv.conf +file points to name servers that really do exist. + + + +Also, if you do not have DNS server access for name resolution, please check +that the settings for your &smb.conf; file results in dns proxy = no. The +best way to check this is with testparm smb.conf. + + + + +log filesmonitoring +It is helpful to monitor the log files during testing by using the +tail -F log_file_name in a separate +terminal console (use ctrl-alt-F1 through F6 or multiple terminals in X). +Relevant log files can be found (for default installations) in +/usr/local/samba/var. Also, connection logs from +machines can be found here or possibly in /var/log/samba, +depending on how or if you specified logging in your &smb.conf; file. + + + +If you make changes to your &smb.conf; file while going through these test, +remember to restart &smbd; and &nmbd;. + + + + + +The Tests + +Diagnosing your Samba server + + + + +testparm +In the directory in which you store your &smb.conf; file, run the command +testparm smb.conf. If it reports any errors, then your &smb.conf; +configuration file is faulty. + + + +Your &smb.conf; file may be located in: /etc/samba +or in /usr/local/samba/lib. + + + + + +Run the command ping BIGSERVER from the PC and +ping ACLIENT from the UNIX box. If you do not get a valid response, +then your TCP/IP software is not correctly installed. + + + +You will need to start a dos prompt window on the PC to run ping. + + + +If you get a message saying host not found or similar, then your DNS +software or /etc/hosts file is not correctly setup. +It is possible to run Samba without DNS entries for the server and client, but it is assumed +you do have correct entries for the remainder of these tests. + + + +Another reason why ping might fail is if your host is running firewall +software. You will need to relax the rules to let in the workstation +in question, perhaps by allowing access from another subnet (on Linux +this is done via the appropriate firewall maintenance commands ipchains +or iptables). + + + + +Modern Linux distributions install ipchains/iptables by default. +This is a common problem that is often overlooked. + + + + +If you wish to check what firewall rules may be present in a system under test, simply run +iptables -L -v or if ipchains-based firewall rules are in use, +ipchains -L -v. + + + +Here is a sample listing from a system that has an external ethernet interface (eth1) on which Samba +is not active, and an internal (private network) interface (eth0) on which Samba is active: + +frodo:~ # iptables -L -v +Chain INPUT (policy DROP 98496 packets, 12M bytes) + pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination + 187K 109M ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere + 892K 125M ACCEPT all -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere +1399K 1380M ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere \ + state RELATED,ESTABLISHED + +Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) + pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination + 978K 1177M ACCEPT all -- eth1 eth0 anywhere anywhere \ + state RELATED,ESTABLISHED + 658K 40M ACCEPT all -- eth0 eth1 anywhere anywhere + 0 0 LOG all -- any any anywhere anywhere \ + LOG level warning + +Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 2875K packets, 1508M bytes) + pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination + +Chain reject_func (0 references) + pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination + + + + + + + +Run the command: smbclient -L BIGSERVER +on the UNIX box. You should get back a list of available shares. + + + +If you get an error message containing the string Bad password, then +you probably have either an incorrect hosts allow, +hosts deny or valid users line in your +&smb.conf;, or your guest account is not valid. Check what your guest account is using &testparm; and +temporarily remove any hosts allow, hosts deny, +valid users or invalid users lines. + + + +If you get a message connection refused response, then the smbd server may +not be running. If you installed it in inetd.conf, then you probably edited +that file incorrectly. If you installed it as a daemon, then check that +it is running, and check that the netbios-ssn port is in a LISTEN +state using netstat -a. + + + +inetd +xinetdinetd +Some UNIX/Linux systems use xinetd in place of +inetd. Check your system documentation for the location +of the control files for your particular system implementation of +the network super daemon. + + + +If you get a message saying session request failed, the server refused the +connection. If it says Your server software is being unfriendly, then +it's probably because you have invalid command line parameters to &smbd;, +or a similar fatal problem with the initial startup of &smbd;. Also +check your config file (&smb.conf;) for syntax errors with &testparm; +and that the various directories where Samba keeps its log and lock +files exist. + + + +There are a number of reasons for which smbd may refuse or decline +a session request. The most common of these involve one or more of +the &smb.conf; file entries as shown in the next example. + + + + + + Configuration for only allowing connections from a certain subnet + +... +ALL +xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy +eth0 +Yes +... + + + + +In the above, no allowance has been made for any session requests that +will automatically translate to the loopback adapter address 127.0.0.1. +To solve this problem, change these lines as shown in the following example. + + + + + Configuration for allowing connections from a certain subnet and localhost + +... +ALL +xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yy 127. +eth0 lo +... + + + + +inetd +Another common cause of these two errors is having something already running +smbclient +on port 139, such as Samba (&smbd; is running from inetd already) or +something like Digital's Pathworks. Check your inetd.conf file before trying +to start &smbd; as a daemon &smbmdash; it can avoid a lot of frustration! + + + +And yet another possible cause for failure of this test is when the subnet mask +and/or broadcast address settings are incorrect. Please check that the +network interface IP Address/Broadcast Address/Subnet Mask settings are +correct and that Samba has correctly noted these in the log.nmbd file. + + + + + + + +Run the command: nmblookup -B BIGSERVER __SAMBA__. +You should get back the IP address of your Samba server. + + + +If you do not, then nmbd is incorrectly installed. Check your inetd.conf +if you run it from there, or that the daemon is running and listening to udp port 137. + + + +One common problem is that many inetd implementations can't take many +parameters on the command line. If this is the case, then create a +one-line script that contains the right parameters and run that from +inetd. + + + + + + + +Run the command: nmblookup -B ACLIENT `*' + + + +You should get the PC's IP address back. If you do not then the client +software on the PC isn't installed correctly, or isn't started, or you +got the name of the PC wrong. + + + +If ACLIENT does not resolve via DNS then use the IP address of the +client in the above test. + + + + + + + +Run the command: nmblookup -d 2 '*' + + + +This time we are trying the same as the previous test but are trying +it via a broadcast to the default broadcast address. A number of +NetBIOS/TCP/IP hosts on the network should respond, although Samba may +not catch all of the responses in the short time it listens. You +should see the got a positive name query response +messages from several hosts. + + + +If this does not give a similar result to the previous test, then +nmblookup isn't correctly getting your broadcast address through its +automatic mechanism. In this case you should experiment with the + option in &smb.conf; to manually configure your IP +address, broadcast and netmask. + + + +If your PC and server aren't on the same subnet, then you will need to use the + option to set the broadcast address to that of the PCs subnet. + + + +This test will probably fail if your subnet mask and broadcast address are +not correct. (Refer to TEST 3 notes above). + + + + + + + + +smbclient +Run the command: smbclient //BIGSERVER/TMP. You should +then be prompted for a password. You should use the password of the account +with which you are logged into the UNIX box. If you want to test with +another account, then add the option to the end of +the command line. For example, smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe. + + + +It is possible to specify the password along with the username as follows: +smbclient //bigserver/tmp -Ujohndoe%secret. + + + +Once you enter the password, you should get the smb> prompt. If you +do not, then look at the error message. If it says invalid network +name, then the service is not correctly setup in your &smb.conf;. + + + +If it says bad password, then the likely causes are: + + + + + + You have shadow passwords (or some other password system) but didn't + compile in support for them in &smbd;. + + + + + + Your configuration is incorrect. + + + + + + You have a mixed case password and you haven't enabled the option at a high enough level. + + + + + + The line in &smb.conf; is incorrect. Check it with &testparm;. + + + + + + You enabled password encryption but didn't map UNIX to Samba users. Run: + smbpasswd -a username + + + + + +Once connected, you should be able to use the commands dir, get, +put and so on. Type help command for instructions. You should +especially check that the amount of free disk space shown is correct when you type dir. + + + + + + + +On the PC, type the command net view \\BIGSERVER. You will +need to do this from within a dos prompt window. You should get back a +list of shares available on the server. + + + +If you get a message network name not found or similar error, then netbios +name resolution is not working. This is usually caused by a problem in nmbd. +To overcome it, you could do one of the following (you only need to choose one of them): + + + + + Fixup the &nmbd; installation. + + + + Add the IP address of BIGSERVER to the wins server box in the + advanced TCP/IP setup on the PC. + + + + Enable Windows name resolution via DNS in the advanced section of the TCP/IP setup. + + + + Add BIGSERVER to your lmhosts file on the PC. + + + + +If you get a message invalid network name or +bad password error, then apply the +same fixes as for the smbclient -L test above. In +particular, make sure your hosts allow line is correct (see the man pages). + + + +Also, do not overlook that fact that when the workstation requests the +connection to the Samba server, it will attempt to connect using the +name with which you logged onto your Windows machine. You need to make +sure that an account exists on your Samba server with that exact same +name and password. + + + +If you get a message specified computer is not receiving requests or similar, +it probably means that the host is not contact-able via TCP services. +Check to see if the host is running TCP wrappers, and if so add an entry in +the hosts.allow file for your client (or subnet, and so on.) + + + + + + + +Run the command net use x: \\BIGSERVER\TMP. You should +be prompted for a password, then you should get a command completed +successfully message. If not, then your PC software is incorrectly +installed or your &smb.conf; is incorrect. Make sure your hosts allow +and other config lines in &smb.conf; are correct. + + + +It's also possible that the server can't work out what user name to connect you as. +To see if this is the problem, add the line +username to the + section of +&smb.conf; where username is the +username corresponding to the password you typed. If you find this +fixes things, you may need the username mapping option. + + + +It might also be the case that your client only sends encrypted passwords +and you have no in &smb.conf;. +Change this to "yes" to fix this. + + + + + + + +Run the command nmblookup -M testgroup where +testgroup is the name of the workgroup that your Samba server and +Windows PCs belong to. You should get back the IP address of the +master browser for that workgroup. + + + +If you do not, then the election process has failed. Wait a minute to +see if it is just being slow, then try again. If it still fails after +that, then look at the browsing options you have set in &smb.conf;. Make +sure you have yes to ensure that +an election is held at startup. + + + + + + + +>From file manager, try to browse the server. Your Samba server should +appear in the browse list of your local workgroup (or the one you +specified in &smb.conf;). You should be able to double click on the name +of the server and get a list of shares. If you get the error message invalid password, + you are probably running Windows NT and it +is refusing to browse a server that has no encrypted password +capability and is in User Level Security mode. In this case, either set +server and +Windows_NT_Machine in your +&smb.conf; file, or make sure is +set to yes. + + + + + + + -- cgit