From e6e94ca9299017c8c799d3143960a8f4e65c10c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Terpstra Date: Thu, 16 Aug 2007 20:52:05 +0000 Subject: First of a string of edits over the next weeks. (This used to be commit 5e600d41d07bc0cc4a0baaccad7493d244a940e2) --- docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml | 207 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 100 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml') diff --git a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml index 9b5178447d..3c86438c2f 100644 --- a/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml +++ b/docs/Samba3-HOWTO/TOSHARG-NetworkBrowsing.xml @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ What is WINS? WINS is a facility that provides resolution of a NetBIOS name to its IP address. WINS is like a -Dynamic-DNS service for NetBIOS networking names. +Dynamic-DNS service for NetBIOS networking names. @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Dynamic-DNS service for NetBIOS networking names. NetBIOS over TCP/IP DNS ADS -MS Windows 2000 and later versions can be configured to operate with no NetBIOS +MS Windows 2000 and later versions can be configured to operate with no NetBIOS over TCP/IP. Samba-3 and later versions also support this mode of operation. When the use of NetBIOS over TCP/IP has been disabled, the primary means for resolution of MS Windows machine names is via DNS and Active Directory. @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ parameters is set, nmbd will still do its job. For Samba, the WINS Server and WINS Support are mutually exclusive options. When nmbd is started it will fail to execute if both options are set in the &smb.conf; file. The nmbd understands that when it spawns an instance of itself to run as a WINS server that it has to use its own WINS -server also. +server also. @@ -232,15 +232,14 @@ TCP/IP, this uses UDP-based messaging. UDP messages can be broadcast or unicast UDP -Normally, only unicast UDP messaging can be forwarded by routers. The - parameter to smb.conf helps to project browse announcements -to remote network segments via unicast UDP. Similarly, the - parameter of &smb.conf; -implements browse list collation using unicast UDP. +Normally, only unicast UDP messaging can be forwarded by routers. The +parameter to smb.conf helps to project browse announcements to remote network segments via unicast UDP. +Similarly, the parameter of &smb.conf; implements browse list +collation using unicast UDP. -The methods used by MS Windows to perform name lookup requests (name resolution) is determined by a +The methods used by MS Windows to perform name lookup requests (name resolution) is determined by a configuration parameter called the NetBIOS node-type. There are four basic NetBIOS node types: @@ -258,10 +257,10 @@ configuration parameter called the NetBIOS node-type. There are four basic NetBI p-node (type 0x02): The Windows client will use point-to-point (NetBIOS unicast) requests using UDP unicast directed to a WINS server. m-node (type 0x04): The Windows client will first use - NetBIOS broadcast requests using UDP broadcast, then it will use (NetBIOS unicast) + NetBIOS broadcast requests using UDP broadcast, then it will use (NetBIOS unicast) requests using UDP unicast directed to a WINS server. - h-node (type 0x08): The Windows client will use - (NetBIOS unicast) requests using UDP unicast directed to a WINS server, then it will use + h-node (type 0x08): The Windows client will use + (NetBIOS unicast) requests using UDP unicast directed to a WINS server, then it will use NetBIOS broadcast requests using UDP broadcast. @@ -295,7 +294,7 @@ browse sync"/> parameters to your &smb.conf; file. WINS If only one WINS server is used for an entire multisegment network, then -the use of the and the +the use of the and the parameters should not be necessary. @@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ and MS DNS. top of the domain. This must list port 3268. - + The following records are also used by the Windows domain member client to locate vital services on the Windows ADS domain controllers. @@ -827,7 +826,7 @@ parameter sets Samba high enough so it should win any browser elections. disable LMB If you have an NT machine on the subnet that you wish to be the LMB, you can disable Samba from -becoming an LMB by setting the following options in the section of the +becoming an LMB by setting the following options in the section of the &smb.conf; file as shown in smb.conf for Not Being a Master Browser. @@ -1067,8 +1066,9 @@ If, however, both Samba and your clients are using a WINS server, then: zero-based broadcast -If your network uses a zero-based broadcast address (for example, if it ends in a 0), then you will strike problems. Windows for Workgroups -does not seem to support a zeros broadcast, and you will probably find that browsing and name lookups will not work. +If your network uses a zero-based broadcast address (for example, if it ends in a 0), then you will strike +problems. Windows for Workgroups does not seem to support a zeros broadcast, and you will probably find that +browsing and name lookups will not work. @@ -1107,10 +1107,9 @@ ethernet interface requires the use of a firewall to block ports 137 and 138 (UD Use of the Remote Announce Parameter -The parameter of -&smb.conf; can be used to forcibly ensure -that all the NetBIOS names on a network get announced to a remote network. -The syntax of the parameter is: +The parameter of &smb.conf; can be used to forcibly ensure that all +the NetBIOS names on a network get announced to a remote network. The syntax of the parameter is: 192.168.12.23 [172.16.21.255] ... @@ -1241,7 +1240,7 @@ errors. -To configure Samba as a WINS server, just add +To configure Samba as a WINS server, just add yes to the &smb.conf; file [global] section. @@ -1283,15 +1282,14 @@ least set the parameter to no on all these machines. -Machines configured with yes will keep a list of +Machines configured with yes will keep a list of all NetBIOS names registered with them, acting as a DNS for NetBIOS names. only one WINS server -It is strongly recommended to set up only one WINS server. Do not set the -yes option on more than one Samba -server on a network. +It is strongly recommended to set up only one WINS server. Do not set the yes option on more than one Samba server on a network. @@ -1328,7 +1326,7 @@ machine or its IP address. This line must not be set in the &smb.conf; file of the Samba server acting as the WINS server itself. If you set both the -yes option and the +yes option and the <name> option then nmbd will fail to start. @@ -1353,12 +1351,12 @@ browsing on networks that contain NT domains. replicationWINS WINS replication -Samba-3 does not support native WINS replication. There was an approach to implement it, called +Samba-3 does not support native WINS replication. There was an approach to implement it, called wrepld, but it was never ready for action and the development is now discontinued. Meanwhile, there is a project named samba4WINS, which makes it possible to -run the Samba-4 WINS server parallel to Samba-3 since version 3.0.21. More information about +run the Samba-4 WINS server parallel to Samba-3 since version 3.0.21. More information about samba4WINS are available at http://ftp.sernet.de/pub/samba4WINS. @@ -1480,12 +1478,11 @@ cease to function as an LMB, and browse list operation on all TCP/IP-only machin Windows 9x/Me extended protocol -Windows 95, 98, 98se, and Me are referred to generically as Windows 9x/Me. -The Windows NT4, 200x, and XP use common protocols. These are roughly -referred to as the Windows NT family, but it should be recognized that 2000 and -XP/2003 introduce new protocol extensions that cause them to behave -differently from MS Windows NT4. Generally, where a server does not support -the newer or extended protocol, these will fall back to the NT4 protocols. +Windows 95, 98, 98se, and Me are referred to generically as Windows 9x/Me. The Windows NT4, 200x, and XP use +common protocols. These are roughly referred to as the Windows NT family, but it should be recognized that +2000 and XP/2003 introduce new protocol extensions that cause them to behave differently from MS Windows NT4. +Generally, where a server does not support the newer or extended protocol, these will fall back to the NT4 +protocols. @@ -1633,11 +1630,9 @@ to control what workgroup Samba becomes a part of. browsing another subnet -Samba also has a useful option for a Samba server to offer itself for -browsing on another subnet. It is recommended that this option is -used only for unusual purposes: announcements over the Internet, for -example. See in the -&smb.conf; man page. +Samba also has a useful option for a Samba server to offer itself for browsing on another subnet. It is +recommended that this option is used only for unusual purposes: announcements over the +Internet, for example. See in the &smb.conf; man page. @@ -1675,12 +1670,12 @@ IPC$ connection that lists the shares is done as guest and so you must have a va browse resources Network Neighborhood My Network Places -The IPC$ share is used by all SMB/CIFS clients to obtain the list of resources -that is available on the server. This is the source of the list of shares and printers when browsing -an SMB/CIFS server (also Windows machines) using the Windows Explorer to browse resources through -the Windows Network Neighborhood (also called My Network Places) through to a Windows server. At -this point, the client has opened a connection to the \\server\IPC4 resource. -Clicking on a share will then open up a connection to the \\server\share. +The IPC$ share is used by all SMB/CIFS clients to obtain the list of resources that is +available on the server. This is the source of the list of shares and printers when browsing an SMB/CIFS +server (also Windows machines) using the Windows Explorer to browse resources through the Windows Network +Neighborhood (also called My Network Places) through to a Windows server. At this point, the client has opened +a connection to the \\server\IPC4 resource. Clicking on a share will then open up a +connection to the \\server\share. @@ -1772,7 +1767,7 @@ Consider a network set up as in Cross-Subnet Browsing Cross-Subnet Browsing Example. browsing1 - + broadcasts DMB @@ -1800,14 +1795,11 @@ LMB on subnet 1 because it is set up as DMB. LMB browse list -On each of the three networks, machines that are configured to -offer sharing services will broadcast that they are offering -these services. The LMB on each subnet will -receive these broadcasts and keep a record of the fact that -the machine is offering a service. This list of records is -the basis of the browse list. For this case, assume that -all the machines are configured to offer services, so all machines -will be on the browse list. +On each of the three networks, machines that are configured to offer sharing services will broadcast that they +are offering these services. The LMB on each subnet will receive these broadcasts and keep a record of the +fact that the machine is offering a service. This list of records is the basis of the browse list. For this +case, assume that all the machines are configured to offer services, so all machines will be on the browse +list. @@ -1829,13 +1821,14 @@ called non-authoritative. network neighborhood -At this point the browse lists appear as shown in Browse Subnet Example 1 (these are -the machines you would see in your network neighborhood if you looked in it on a particular network right now). +At this point the browse lists appear as shown in Browse Subnet Example 1 +(these are the machines you would see in your network neighborhood if you looked in it on a particular network +right now). - Browse Subnet Example 1 + Browse Subnet Example 1 SubnetBrowse MasterList @@ -1859,12 +1852,10 @@ At this point all the subnets are separate, and no machine is seen across any of LMBsynchronizeWINS -Now examine subnet 2 in Browse Subnet Example 2. -As soon as N2_B has become the LMB, it looks for a DMB with which to synchronize -its browse list. It does this by querying the WINS server -(N2_D) for the IP address associated with the NetBIOS name -WORKGROUP<1B>. This name was registered by the DMB -(N1_C) with the WINS server as soon as it was started. +Now examine subnet 2 in Browse Subnet Example 2. As soon as N2_B has become the +LMB, it looks for a DMB with which to synchronize its browse list. It does this by querying the WINS server +(N2_D) for the IP address associated with the NetBIOS name WORKGROUP<1B>. This name was registered by +the DMB (N1_C) with the WINS server as soon as it was started. @@ -1872,19 +1863,16 @@ WORKGROUP<1B>. This name was registered by the DMB NetServerEnum2 synchronization browse lists -Once N2_B knows the address of the DMB, it -tells it that is the LMB for subnet 2 by -sending a MasterAnnouncement packet as a UDP port 138 packet. -It then synchronizes with it by doing a NetServerEnum2 call. This -tells the DMB to send it all the server -names it knows about. Once the DMB receives -the MasterAnnouncement packet, it schedules a synchronization -request to the sender of that packet. After both synchronizations -are complete, the browse lists look like those in Browse Subnet Example 2 +Once N2_B knows the address of the DMB, it tells it that is the LMB for subnet 2 by sending a +MasterAnnouncement packet as a UDP port 138 packet. It then synchronizes with it by +doing a NetServerEnum2 call. This tells the DMB to send it all the server names it knows +about. Once the DMB receives the MasterAnnouncement packet, it schedules a +synchronization request to the sender of that packet. After both synchronizations are complete, the browse +lists look like those in Browse Subnet Example 2
- Browse Subnet Example 2 + Browse Subnet Example 2 @@ -1896,7 +1884,7 @@ are complete, the browse lists look like those in Browse Subnet1N1_CN1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) - Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), + Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*) Subnet3N3_DN3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D @@ -1910,19 +1898,16 @@ Servers with an (*) after them are non-authoritative names. Network Neighborhood -At this point users looking in their Network Neighborhood on -subnets 1 or 2 will see all the servers on both; users on -subnet 3 will still see only the servers on their own subnet. +At this point users looking in their Network Neighborhood on subnets 1 or 2 will see all the servers on both; +users on subnet 3 will still see only the servers on their own subnet. DMB -The same sequence of events that occurred for N2_B now occurs -for the LMB on subnet 3 (N3_D). When it -synchronizes browse lists with the DMB (N1_A) -it gets both the server entries on subnet 1 and those on -subnet 2. After N3_D has synchronized with N1_C and vica versa, -the browse lists will appear as shown in Browse Subnet Example 3 +The same sequence of events that occurred for N2_B now occurs for the LMB on subnet 3 (N3_D). When it +synchronizes browse lists with the DMB (N1_A) it gets both the server entries on subnet 1 and those on subnet +2. After N3_D has synchronized with N1_C and vica versa, the browse lists will appear as shown in Browse Subnet Example 3
@@ -1937,11 +1922,11 @@ the browse lists will appear as shown in Browse Subnet Ex - Subnet1N1_CN1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, + Subnet1N1_CN1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*), N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) - Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), + Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*) - Subnet3N3_DN3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D, N1_A(*), + Subnet3N3_DN3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D, N1_A(*), N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) @@ -1969,7 +1954,7 @@ as shown in Browse Subnet Example 4.
- Browse Subnet Example 4 + Browse Subnet Example 4 @@ -1981,13 +1966,13 @@ as shown in Browse Subnet Example 4. Subnet1N1_CN1_A, N1_B, N1_C, N1_D, N1_E, -N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*), N3_A(*), N3_B(*), +N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*), N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) - Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), -N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), N3_A(*), N3_B(*), + Subnet2N2_BN2_A, N2_B, N2_C, N2_D, N1_A(*), +N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), N3_A(*), N3_B(*), N3_C(*), N3_D(*) - Subnet3N3_DN3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D, N1_A(*), -N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), N2_A(*), N2_B(*), + Subnet3N3_DN3_A, N3_B, N3_C, N3_D, N1_A(*), +N1_B(*), N1_C(*), N1_D(*), N1_E(*), N2_A(*), N2_B(*), N2_C(*), N2_D(*) @@ -2075,13 +2060,13 @@ This may take a long time on some networks (perhaps months). - + Server Resources Cannot Be Listed My Client Reports "This server is not configured to list shared resources." - + Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is @@ -2098,13 +2083,13 @@ valid. This error can have multiple causes: browsing problems - + - There is no LMB. Configure &nmbd; + There is no LMB. Configure &nmbd; or any other machine to serve as LMB. - You cannot log onto the machine that is the LMB. + You cannot log onto the machine that is the LMB. Can you log on to it as a guest user? - There is no IP connectivity to the LMB. + There is no IP connectivity to the LMB. Can you reach it by broadcast? @@ -2123,7 +2108,7 @@ Windows Explorer will respond and displays files and directories without problem cmd -But, the share is immediately available from a command shell (cmd, followed by +But, the share is immediately available from a command shell (cmd, followed by exploration with DOS command. Is this a Samba problem, or is it a Windows problem? How can I solve this? @@ -2147,7 +2132,7 @@ Here are a few possibilities: but not all. - + The Windows XP WebClient @@ -2157,7 +2142,7 @@ Here are a few possibilities: that should be explored because it is a simple solution &smbmdash; if it works. - + Inconsistent WINS Configuration @@ -2171,7 +2156,7 @@ Here are a few possibilities: server, nor should it be configured to use one. - + Incorrect DNS Configuration @@ -2188,6 +2173,8 @@ Here are a few possibilities: Invalid Cached Share References Affects Network Browsing +cached references +stale network links Cached references on your MS Windows client (workstation or server) to shares or servers that no longer exist can cause MS Windows Explorer to appear unresponsive as it tries to connect to these shares. After a delay (can take a long time) it times out and browsing will appear to be mostly normal again. @@ -2201,18 +2188,24 @@ invalid shares or servers it is necessary to edit the Windows Registry under HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\. Edit the entry MountPoints2 (on Windows XP and later, or MountPoints on Windows 2000 and earlier). Remove all keys named \\server\share (where 'server' and 'share' refer to a -non-existent server or share). Note that this must be done for every user profile that has such stale -references. Alternately, you can delete the shortcuts from the MS Windows Explorer in My Network -Places just by right-clicking them and selecting Delete. +non-existent server or share). + +Removal of stale network links needs to be done on a per-user basis. Alternately, you can delete the +shortcuts from the MS Windows Explorer in My Network Places just by right-clicking them and +selecting Delete. + + +slow network browsing Samba users have reported that these stale references negatively affect network browsing with Windows, Samba, and Novell servers. It is suspected to be a universal problem not directly related to the Samba server. Samba users may experience this more often due to Samba being somewhat viewed as an experimenter's toolkit. This results from the fact that a user might go through several reconfigurations and incarnations of their Samba server, by different names, with different shares, increasing the chances for having stale -(invalid) cached share references. Windows clients do not seem to expire these references. +(invalid) cached share references. Windows clients do not expire these references thus necessitating manual +removal. -- cgit