From 8e30c6b0d199d1d78438a87c95cc5bc1d18cbcb0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: John Terpstra Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2003 22:18:16 +0000 Subject: Updating html stuff. (This used to be commit ab1f2fe4a840c9603bf5da5c133c137542fe0319) --- docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html | 45 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html') diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html b/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html index f3038ce5a4..0bd4d4f53a 100644 --- a/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html +++ b/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba

Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba

John H. Terpstra

Samba Team

(Jan 01 2001)

+ +Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba

Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba

John H. Terpstra

Samba Team

(Jan 01 2001)

This section deals with NetBIOS over TCP/IP name to IP address resolution. If your MS Windows clients are NOT configured to use NetBIOS over TCP/IP then this section does not apply to your installation. If your installation involves use of @@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ NetBIOS over TCP/IP then this section may help you to resolve networking problem to NOT run NetBEUI at all. Note also that there is NO such thing as NetBEUI over TCP/IP - the existence of such a protocol is a complete and utter mis-apprehension. -

Features and Benefits

+

Features and Benefits

Many MS Windows network administrators have never been exposed to basic TCP/IP networking as it is implemented in a Unix/Linux operating system. Likewise, many Unix and Linux adminsitrators have not been exposed to the intricacies of MS Windows TCP/IP based @@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ networking (and may have no desire to be either).

This chapter gives a short introduction to the basics of how a name can be resolved to it's IP address for each operating system environment. -

Background Information

+

Background Information

Since the introduction of MS Windows 2000 it is possible to run MS Windows networking without the use of NetBIOS over TCP/IP. NetBIOS over TCP/IP uses UDP port 137 for NetBIOS name resolution and uses TCP port 139 for NetBIOS session services. When NetBIOS over @@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP today use MS Active Directory Service (ADS). ADS req Dynamic DNS with Service Resource Records (SRV RR) and with Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR). Use of DHCP with ADS is recommended as a further means of maintaining central control over client workstation network configuration. -

Name Resolution in a pure Unix/Linux world

+

Name Resolution in a pure Unix/Linux world

The key configuration files covered in this section are: -

  • /etc/hosts

  • /etc/resolv.conf

  • /etc/host.conf

  • /etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/hosts

+

  • /etc/hosts

  • /etc/resolv.conf

  • /etc/host.conf

  • /etc/nsswitch.conf

/etc/hosts

Contains a static list of IP Addresses and names. eg:

@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ primary names by which they are known within the local machine.
 This file helps to prime the pump so that a basic level of name 
 resolution can exist before any other method of name resolution 
 becomes available.
-

/etc/resolv.conf

+

/etc/resolv.conf

This file tells the name resolution libraries:

  • The name of the domain to which the machine belongs @@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ This file tells the name resolution libraries:

  • The name or IP address of available Domain Name Servers that may be asked to perform name to address translation lookups -

/etc/host.conf

+

/etc/host.conf

/etc/host.conf is the primary means by which the setting in /etc/resolv.conf may be affected. It is a critical configuration file. This file controls the order by @@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ which name resolution may procede. The typical structure is:

then both addresses should be returned. Please refer to the man page for host.conf for further details. -

/etc/nsswitch.conf

+

/etc/nsswitch.conf

This file controls the actual name resolution targets. The file typically has resolver object specifications as follows:

@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. At this point it
 will be possible to ping any MS Windows machine by it's NetBIOS 
 machine name, so long as that machine is within the workgroup to 
 which both the samba machine and the MS Windows machine belong.
-

Name resolution as used within MS Windows networking

+

Name resolution as used within MS Windows networking

MS Windows networking is predicated about the name each machine is given. This name is known variously (and inconsistently) as the "computer name", "machine name", "networking name", "netbios name", @@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ NBT or NetBT, the NetBIOS over TCP/IP. MS Windows machines use a complex array of name resolution mechanisms. Since we are primarily concerned with TCP/IP this demonstration is limited to this area. -

The NetBIOS Name Cache

+

The NetBIOS Name Cache

All MS Windows machines employ an in memory buffer in which is stored the NetBIOS names and IP addresses for all external machines that that machine has communicated with over the @@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ frustrating for users - but it is a characteristic of the protocol. The MS Windows utility that allows examination of the NetBIOS name cache is called "nbtstat". The Samba equivalent of this is called nmblookup. -

The LMHOSTS file

+

The LMHOSTS file

This file is usually located in MS Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 in C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC and contains the IP Address and the machine name in matched pairs. The @@ -331,14 +332,14 @@ It typically looks like: # so keeping the number of comments to a minimum will improve performance. # Therefore it is not advisable to simply add lmhosts file entries onto the # end of this file. -

HOSTS file

+

HOSTS file

This file is usually located in MS Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 in C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC and contains the IP Address and the IP hostname in matched pairs. It can be used by the name resolution infrastructure in MS Windows, depending on how the TCP/IP environment is configured. This file is in every way the equivalent of the Unix/Linux /etc/hosts file. -

DNS Lookup

+

DNS Lookup

This capability is configured in the TCP/IP setup area in the network configuration facility. If enabled an elaborate name resolution sequence is followed the precise nature of which is dependant on what the NetBIOS @@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ cache. If that fails then DNS, HOSTS and LMHOSTS are checked. If set to Node Type 8, then a NetBIOS Unicast (over UDP Unicast) is sent to the WINS Server to obtain a lookup before DNS, HOSTS, LMHOSTS, or broadcast lookup is used. -

WINS Lookup

+

WINS Lookup

A WINS (Windows Internet Name Server) service is the equivaent of the rfc1001/1002 specified NBNS (NetBIOS Name Server). A WINS server stores the names and IP addresses that are registered by a Windows client @@ -368,11 +369,11 @@ needed in the smb.conf file:

where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is the IP address of the WINS server. -

Common Errors

+

Common Errors

TCP/IP network configuration problems find every network administrator sooner or later. The cause can be anything from keybaord mishaps, forgetfulness, simple mistakes, and carelessness. Of course, noone is every deliberately careless! -

My Boomerang Won't Come Back

+

My Boomerang Won't Come Back

Well, the real complaint said, "I can ping my samba server from Windows, but I can not ping my Windows machine from the samba server."

@@ -382,9 +383,9 @@ carelessness. Of course, noone is every deliberately careless!

Due to inconsistent netmasks, the Windows machine was on network 192.168.1.0/24, while the Samba server was on network 192.168.1.128/25 - logically a different network. -

Very Slow Network Connections

+

Very Slow Network Connections

A common causes of slow network response includes: -

  • Client is configured to use DNS and DNS server is down

  • Client is configured to use remote DNS server, but remote connection is down

  • Client is configured to use a WINS server, but there is no WINS server

  • Client is NOT configured to use a WINS server, but there is a WINS server

  • Firewall is filtering our DNS or WINS traffic

Samba server name change problem

+

  • Client is configured to use DNS and DNS server is down

  • Client is configured to use remote DNS server, but remote connection is down

  • Client is configured to use a WINS server, but there is no WINS server

  • Client is NOT configured to use a WINS server, but there is a WINS server

  • Firewall is filtering our DNS or WINS traffic

Samba server name change problem

The name of the samba server was changed, samba was restarted, samba server can not be pinged by new name from MS Windows NT4 Workstation, but it does still respond to ping using the old name. Why? @@ -393,8 +394,8 @@ carelessness. Of course, noone is every deliberately careless!

  • WINS is NOT in use, only broadcast based name resolution is used

  • The samba server was renamed and restarted within the last 10-15 minutes

  • The old samba server name is still in the NetBIOS name cache on the MS Windows NT4 Workstation

To find what names are present in the NetBIOS name cache on the MS Windows NT4 machine, open a cmd shell, then: -

-

+	

+
 	C:\temp\>nbtstat -n
 
 	              NetBIOS Local Name Table
@@ -418,8 +419,8 @@ carelessness. Of course, noone is every deliberately careless!
 	FRODO            <20>  UNIQUE      192.168.1.1          240
 
 	C:\Temp\>
-	

-

+

+

In the above example, FRODO is the Samba server and SLACK is the MS Windows NT4 Workstation. The first listing shows the contents of the Local Name Table (ie: Identity information on the MS Windows workstation), the second shows the NetBIOS name in the NetBIOS name cache. -- cgit