Chapter 34. Analysing and solving samba problems

There are many sources of information available in the form -of mailing lists, RFC's and documentation. The docs that come -with the samba distribution contain very good explanations of -general SMB topics such as browsing.

Diagnostics tools

With SMB networking, it is often not immediately clear what +of mailing lists, RFCs and documentation. The documentation that comes +with the Samba distribution contains good explanations of +general SMB topics such as browsing.

Diagnostics Tools

With SMB networking, it is often not immediately clear what the cause is of a certain problem. Samba itself provides rather useful information, but in some cases you might have to fall back to using a sniffer. A sniffer is a program that -listens on your LAN, analyses the data sent on it and displays it -on the screen.

Debugging with Samba itself

-One of the best diagnostic tools for debugging problems is Samba itself. -You can use the -d option for both smbd and nmbd to specify what -debug level at which to run. See the man pages on smbd, nmbd and -smb.conf for more information on debugging options. The debug +listens on your LAN, analyzes the data sent on it and displays it +on the screen.

Debugging with Samba Itself

+One of the best diagnostic tools for debugging problems is Samba itself. +You can use the -d option for both smbd and nmbd to specify the +debug level at which to run. +See the man pages for smbd, nmbd and +smb.conf for more information regarding debugging options. The debug level can range from 1 (the default) to 10 (100 for debugging passwords).

-Another helpful method of debugging is to compile samba using the -gcc -g flag. This will include debug -information in the binaries and allow you to attach gdb to the -running smbd / nmbd process. In order to attach gdb to an smbd +Another helpful method of debugging is to compile Samba using the +gcc -g flag. This will include debug information in the binaries and +allow you to attach gdb to the running smbd/nmbd process. +To attach gdb to an smbd process for an NT workstation, first get the workstation to make the connection. Pressing ctrl-alt-delete and going down to the domain box -is sufficient (at least, on the first time you join the domain) to -generate a 'LsaEnumTrustedDomains'. Thereafter, the workstation -maintains an open connection, and therefore there will be an smbd +is sufficient (at least, the first time you join the domain) to +generate a LsaEnumTrustedDomains. Thereafter, the workstation +maintains an open connection and there will be an smbd process running (assuming that you haven't set a really short smbd -idle timeout) So, in between pressing ctrl alt delete, and actually -typing in your password, you can attach gdb and continue. +idle timeout). So, in between pressing ctrl-alt-delete and actually +typing in your password, you can attach gdb and continue.

-Some useful samba commands worth investigating: +Some useful Samba commands worth investigating are:

 $ testparm | more
 $ smbclient -L //{netbios name of server}
-

Tcpdump

Tcpdump was the first -unix sniffer with SMB support. It is a command-line utility and -nowadays, it's SMB support is somewhat less then that of ethereal -and tethereal.

Ethereal

-Ethereal is a graphical -sniffer, available for both unix (Gtk) and Windows. Ethereal's -SMB support is very good.

For details on the use of ethereal, read the well-written -ethereal User Guide.

-Listen for data on ports 137, 138, 139 and 445. E.g. -use the filter port 137 or port 138 or port 139 or port 445.

A console version of ethereal is available as well and is called -tethereal.

The Windows Network Monitor

-For tracing things on the Microsoft Windows NT, Network Monitor -(aka. netmon) is available on the Microsoft Developer Network CD's, -the Windows NT Server install CD and the SMS CD's. The version of -netmon that ships with SMS allows for dumping packets between any two -computers (i.e. placing the network interface in promiscuous mode). +

Tcpdump

+Tcpdump was the first +UNIX sniffer with SMB support. It is a command-line utility and +now, its SMB support is somewhat lagging that of ethereal +and tethereal. +

Ethereal

+Ethereal is a graphical +sniffer, available for both UNIX (Gtk) and Windows. Ethereal's +SMB support is quite good.

For details on the use of ethereal, read the well-written +Ethereal User Guide.

Figure 34.1. Starting a capture.

+Listen for data on ports 137, 138, 139, and 445. For example, use the filter port 137, port 138, port 139, or port 445 as seen in .

A console version of ethereal is available as well and is called +tethereal.

Figure 34.2. Main ethereal data window.

The Windows Network Monitor

+For tracing things on Microsoft Windows NT, Network Monitor +(aka Netmon) is available on Microsoft Developer Network CDs, +the Windows NT Server install CD and the SMS CDs. The version of +Netmon that ships with SMS allows for dumping packets between any two +computers (i.e., placing the network interface in promiscuous mode). The version on the NT Server install CD will only allow monitoring of network traffic directed to the local NT box and broadcasts on the -local subnet. Be aware that Ethereal can read and write netmon +local subnet. Be aware that Ethereal can read and write Netmon formatted files. -

Installing 'Network Monitor' on an NT Workstation

-Installing netmon on an NT workstation requires a couple -of steps. The following are for installing Netmon V4.00.349, which comes +

Installing Network Monitor on an NT Workstation

+Installing Netmon on an NT workstation requires a couple +of steps. The following are instructions for installing Netmon V4.00.349, which comes with Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0, on Microsoft Windows NT -Workstation 4.0. The process should be similar for other versions of -Windows NT / Netmon. You will need both the Microsoft Windows +Workstation 4.0. The process should be similar for other versions of +Windows NT version of Netmon. You will need both the Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 Install CD and the Workstation 4.0 Install CD.

Initially you will need to install Network Monitor Tools and Agent -on the NT Server. To do this -

Goto Start - Settings - Control Panel - - Network - Services - Add
Select the Network Monitor Tools and Agent and - click on OK.
Click OK on the Network Control Panel. -
Insert the Windows NT Server 4.0 install CD - when prompted.

-At this point the Netmon files should exist in -%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.*. -Two subdirectories exist as well, parsers\ -which contains the necessary DLL's for parsing the netmon packet -dump, and captures\. +on the NT Server to do this: +

Go to Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> + Network -> Services -> Add.
Select the Network Monitor Tools and Agent and click on OK.
Click on OK on the Network Control Panel.
Insert the Windows NT Server 4.0 install CD when prompted.

+At this point, the Netmon files should exist in %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.*. +Two subdirectories exist as well, parsers\ which contains the necessary DLLs +for parsing the Netmon packet dump, and captures\.

-In order to install the Netmon tools on an NT Workstation, you will -first need to install the 'Network Monitor Agent' from the Workstation -install CD. -

Goto Start - Settings - Control Panel - - Network - Services - Add
Select the Network Monitor Agent and click - on OK.
Click OK on the Network Control Panel. -
Insert the Windows NT Workstation 4.0 install - CD when prompted.

-Now copy the files from the NT Server in %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.* -to %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon\*.* on the Workstation and set -permissions as you deem appropriate for your site. You will need -administrative rights on the NT box to run netmon. -

Installing 'Network Monitor' on an 9x Workstation

-To install Netmon on a Windows 9x box install the network monitor agent -from the Windows 9x CD (\admin\nettools\netmon). There is a readme -file located with the netmon driver files on the CD if you need -information on how to do this. Copy the files from a working -Netmon installation. -

Useful URLs

See how Scott Merrill simulates a BDC behavior at - - http://www.skippy.net/linux/smb-howto.html.
FTP site for older SMB specs: - - ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/

Getting help from the mailing lists

-There are a number of Samba related mailing lists. Go to http://samba.org, click on your nearest mirror -and then click on Support and then click on -Samba related mailing lists. +To install the Netmon tools on an NT Workstation, you will first need to install the +Network Monitor Agent from the Workstation install CD. +

Go to Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> + Network -> Services -> Add.
Select the Network Monitor Agent, click on OK.
Click on OK in the Network Control Panel. +
Insert the Windows NT Workstation 4.0 install CD when prompted.

+Now copy the files from the NT Server in %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon +to %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\netmon on the Workstation and set permissions +as you deem appropriate for your site. You will need administrative rights on the NT box to run Netmon. +

Installing Network Monitor on Windows 9x/Me

+To install Netmon on Windows 9x/Me, install the Network Monitor Agent +from the Windows 9x/Me CD (\admin\nettools\netmon). +There is a readme file located with the Netmon driver files on the CD if you need +information on how to do this. Copy the files from a working Netmon installation. +

Useful URLs

See how Scott Merrill simulates a BDC behavior at + + http://www.skippy.net/linux/smb-howto.html.
FTP site for older SMB specs: + + ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/drg/CIFS/

Getting Mailing List Help

+There are a number of Samba-related mailing lists. Go to http://samba.org, click on your nearest mirror +and then click on Support and next click on +Samba-related mailing lists.

-For questions relating to Samba TNG go to -http://www.samba-tng.org/ -It has been requested that you don't post questions about Samba-TNG to the -main stream Samba lists.

-If you post a message to one of the lists please observe the following guide lines : -

Always remember that the developers are volunteers, they are -not paid and they never guarantee to produce a particular feature at -a particular time. Any time lines are 'best guess' and nothing more. -
Always mention what version of samba you are using and what -operating system its running under. You should probably list the -relevant sections of your smb.conf file, at least the options -in [global] that affect PDC support.
In addition to the version, if you obtained Samba via -CVS mention the date when you last checked it out.
Try and make your question clear and brief, lots of long, -convoluted questions get deleted before they are completely read ! -Don't post html encoded messages (if you can select colour or font -size its html).
If you run one of those nifty 'I'm on holidays' things when -you are away, make sure its configured to not answer mailing lists. -
Don't cross post. Work out which is the best list to post to -and see what happens, i.e. don't post to both samba-ntdom and samba-technical. -Many people active on the lists subscribe to more -than one list and get annoyed to see the same message two or more times. -Often someone will see a message and thinking it would be better dealt -with on another, will forward it on for you.
You might include partial -log files written at a debug level set to as much as 20. -Please don't send the entire log but enough to give the context of the -error messages.
(Possibly) If you have a complete netmon trace ( from the opening of -the pipe to the error ) you can send the *.CAP file as well.
Please think carefully before attaching a document to an email. -Consider pasting the relevant parts into the body of the message. The samba -mailing lists go to a huge number of people, do they all need a copy of your -smb.conf in their attach directory?

How to get off the mailing lists

To have your name removed from a samba mailing list, go to the -same place you went to to get on it. Go to http://lists.samba.org, -click on your nearest mirror and then click on Support and -then click on Samba related mailing lists. +For questions relating to Samba TNG, go to +http://www.samba-tng.org/. +It has been requested that you do not post questions about Samba-TNG to the +main-stream Samba lists.

+If you do post a message to one of the lists, please observe the following guidelines : +

Always remember that the developers are volunteers, they are + not paid and they never guarantee to produce a particular feature at + a particular time. Any timelines are “best guess” and nothing more. +
Always mention what version of Samba you are using and what + operating system it's running under. You should list the relevant sections of + your smb.conf file, at least the options in [global] + that affect PDC support. +
In addition to the version, if you obtained Samba via + CVS, mention the date when you last checked it out.
Try and make your questions clear and brief. Lots of long, + convoluted questions get deleted before they are completely read! + Do not post HTML encoded messages. Most people on mailing lists simply delete + them. +
If you run one of those nifty “I'm on holidays” things when + you are away, make sure its configured to not answer mailing list traffic. Auto-responses + to mailing lists really irritate the thousands of people who end up having to deal + with such bad netiquet bahavior. +
Don't cross post. Work out which is the best list to post to + and see what happens. Do not post to both samba-ntdom and samba-technical. + Many people active on the lists subscribe to more + than one list and get annoyed to see the same message two or more times. + Often someone will see a message and thinking it would be better dealt + with on another list, will forward it on for you.
You might include partial + log files written at a debug level set to as much as 20. + Please do not send the entire log but just enough to give the context of the + error messages.
If you have a complete Netmon trace (from the opening of + the pipe to the error), you can send the *.CAP file as well.
Please think carefully before attaching a document to an email. + Consider pasting the relevant parts into the body of the message. The Samba + mailing lists go to a huge number of people. Do they all need a copy of your + smb.conf in their attach directory?

How to Get Off the Mailing Lists

To have your name removed from a Samba mailing list, go to the same +place where you went to +subscribe to it. Go to http://lists.samba.org, +click on your nearest mirror, click on Support and +then click on Samba related mailing lists.

-Please don't post messages to the list asking to be removed, you will just -be referred to the above address (unless that process failed in some way...) -

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+Please do not post messages to the list asking to be removed. You will only +be referred to the above address (unless that process failed in some way). +