winbindd

DESCRIPTION

This program is part of the Samba suite.

winbindd is a daemon that provides +winbindd

Name

winbindd — Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names + from NT servers

Synopsis

winbindd [-F] [-S] [-i] [-B] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-n]

DESCRIPTION

This program is part of the Samba(7) suite.

winbindd is a daemon that provides a service for the Name Service Switch capability that is present in most modern C libraries. The Name Service Switch allows user and system information to be obtained from different databases services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured - throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. + throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the - Samba system.

The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and + Samba system.

The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and can be used to resolve user and group information from a Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication - services via an associated PAM module.

The pam_winbind module in the 2.2.2 release only - supports the auth and account + services via an associated PAM module.

+ The pam_winbind module in the 2.2.2 release only + supports the auth and account module-types. The latter simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the - user. If the libnss_winbind library has been correctly + user. If the libnss_winbind library has been correctly installed, this should always succeed. -

The following nsswitch databases are implemented by - the winbindd service:

hosts

User information traditionally stored in - the hosts(5) file and used by - gethostbyname(3) functions. Names are +

The following nsswitch databases are implemented by + the winbindd service:

hosts: User information traditionally stored in + the hosts(5) file and used by + gethostbyname(3) functions. Names are resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast. -
passwd: User information traditionally stored in - the passwd(5) file and used by - getpwent(3) functions.
group: Group information traditionally stored in - the group(5) file and used by - getgrent(3) functions.

For example, the following simple configuration in the - /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to initially - resolve user and group information from /etc/passwd - and /etc/group and then from the - Windows NT server.

passwd: files winbind +
passwd
User information traditionally stored in + the passwd(5) file and used by + getpwent(3) functions.
group
Group information traditionally stored in + the group(5) file and used by + getgrent(3) functions.
For example, the following simple configuration in the + /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to initially + resolve user and group information from /etc/passwd + and /etc/group and then from the + Windows NT server. +
+passwd: files winbind group: files winbind -

The following simple configuration in the - /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to initially - resolve hostnames from /etc/hosts and then from the - WINS server.

OPTIONS

-F

If specified, this parameter causes - the main winbindd process to not daemonize, +

The following simple configuration in the + /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to initially + resolve hostnames from /etc/hosts and then from the + WINS server.

OPTIONS

-F

If specified, this parameter causes + the main winbindd process to not daemonize, i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal. Child processes are still created as normal to service each connection request, but the main process does not exit. This operation mode is suitable for running - winbindd under process supervisors such - as supervise and svscan - from Daniel J. Bernstein's daemontools + winbindd under process supervisors such + as supervise and svscan + from Daniel J. Bernstein's daemontools package, or the AIX process monitor. -

-S

If specified, this parameter causes - winbindd to log to standard output rather - than a file.

-d debuglevel

Sets the debuglevel to an integer between - 0 and 100. 0 is for no debugging and 100 is for reams and - reams. To submit a bug report to the Samba Team, use debug - level 100 (see BUGS.txt).

-i

Tells winbindd to not +

-S

If specified, this parameter causes + winbindd to log to standard output rather + than a file.

-V

Prints the version number for +smbd.

-s <configuration file>

The file specified contains the +configuration details required by the server. The +information in this file includes server-specific +information such as what printcap file to use, as well +as descriptions of all the services that the server is +to provide. See +smb.conf(5) for more information. +The default configuration file name is determined at +compile time.

-d|--debug=debuglevel

debuglevel is an integer +from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is +not specified is zero.

The higher this value, the more detail will be +logged to the log files about the activities of the +server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious +warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for +day to day running - it generates a small amount of +information about operations carried out.

Levels above 1 will generate considerable +amounts of log data, and should only be used when +investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for +use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log +data, most of which is extremely cryptic.

Note that specifying this parameter here will +override the log +level parameter in the +smb.conf(5) file.

-l|--logfile=logbasename

File name for log/debug files. The extension +".client" will be appended. The log file is +never removed by the client. +

-h|--help

Print a summary of command line options. +

-i

Tells winbindd to not become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This option is used by developers when interactive debugging - of winbindd is required. - winbindd also logs to standard output, - as if the -S parameter had been given. -

-n

Disable caching. This means winbindd will + of winbindd is required. + winbindd also logs to standard output, + as if the -S parameter had been given. +

-n

Disable caching. This means winbindd will always have to wait for a response from the domain controller before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things slower. The results will however be more accurate, since results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond. -

-B

Dual daemon mode. This means winbindd will run +

-B

Dual daemon mode. This means winbindd will run as 2 threads. The first will answer all requests from the cache, thus making responses to clients faster. The other will update the cache for the query that the first has just responded. - Advantage of this is that responses are accurate and fast. -

-s|--conf=smb.conf

Specifies the location of the all-important - smb.conf file.

NAME AND ID RESOLUTION

Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned + Advantage of this is that responses stay accurate and are faster. +

NAME AND ID RESOLUTION

Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned a relative id (rid) which is unique for the domain when the user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group into a unix user or group, a mapping between rids and unix user - and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that winbindd performs.

As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user + and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that + winbindd performs.

As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored in a database file under the Samba lock directory and will be - remembered.

WARNING: The rid to unix id database is the only location + remembered.

WARNING: The rid to unix id database is the only location where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user - and group rids.

CONFIGURATION

Configuration of the winbindd daemon - is done through configuration parameters in the smb.conf(5) - file. All parameters should be specified in the - [global] section of smb.conf.

winbind separator
winbind uid
winbind gid
winbind cache time
winbind enum users
winbind enum groups
template homedir
template shell
winbind use default domain

EXAMPLE SETUP

To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus + and group rids.

CONFIGURATION

Configuration of the winbindd daemon + is done through configuration parameters in the smb.conf(5) file. All parameters should be specified in the + [global] section of smb.conf.

EXAMPLE SETUP

To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authentication from a domain controller use something like the - following setup. This was tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box.

In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the - following:

passwd: files winbind + following setup. This was tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box.
In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the + following: +
+passwd: files winbind group: files winbind -

In /etc/pam.d/* replace the - auth lines with something like this:

auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so +
In /etc/pam.d/* replace the + auth lines with something like this: +
+auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok -

Note in particular the use of the sufficient - keyword and the use_first_pass keyword.

Now replace the account lines with this:

account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so -

The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the - smbpasswd program like this:

smbpasswd -j DOMAIN -r PDC -U - Administrator

The username after the -U can be any +

Note in particular the use of the sufficient + keyword and the use_first_pass keyword.

Now replace the account lines with this:

account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so +

The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the + net program like this:

net join -S PDC -U Administrator

The username after the -U can be any Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine. - Substitute your domain name for "DOMAIN" and the name of your PDC - for "PDC".

Next copy libnss_winbind.so to - /lib and pam_winbind.so - to /lib/security. A symbolic link needs to be - made from /lib/libnss_winbind.so to - /lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If you are using an + Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".

Next copy libnss_winbind.so to + /lib and pam_winbind.so + to /lib/security. A symbolic link needs to be + made from /lib/libnss_winbind.so to + /lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If you are using an older version of glibc then the target of the link should be - /lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.

Finally, setup a smb.conf containing directives like the - following:

[global] + /lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.
Finally, setup a smb.conf(5) containing directives like the + following: +
+[global] winbind separator = + winbind cache time = 10 template shell = /bin/bash @@ -648,274 +157,58 @@ CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" workgroup = DOMAIN security = domain password server = * -

Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and +

Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups, and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the - commands getent passwd and getent group - to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.

NOTES

The following notes are useful when configuring and - running winbindd:

nmbd must be running on the local machine - for winbindd to work. winbindd - queries the list of trusted domains for the Windows NT server - on startup and when a SIGHUP is received. Thus, for a running winbindd to become aware of new trust relationships between - servers, it must be sent a SIGHUP signal.

Client processes resolving names through the winbindd - nsswitch module read an environment variable named $WINBINDD_DOMAIN. If this variable contains a comma separated - list of Windows NT domain names, then winbindd will only resolve users - and groups within those Windows NT domains.

PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what + commands getent passwd and getent group + to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.

NOTES

The following notes are useful when configuring and + running winbindd:

nmbd(8) must be running on the local machine + for winbindd to work. winbindd queries + the list of trusted domains for the Windows NT server + on startup and when a SIGHUP is received. Thus, for a running + winbindd to become aware of new trust relationships between + servers, it must be sent a SIGHUP signal.

PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible - to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system.

If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, + to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system.

If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local - machine.

If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group id mapping - file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost.

SIGNALS

The following signals can be used to manipulate the - winbindd daemon.

SIGHUP

Reload the smb.conf(5) - file and apply any parameter changes to the running + machine.

If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group id mapping + file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost.

SIGNALS

The following signals can be used to manipulate the + winbindd daemon.

SIGHUP

Reload the smb.conf(5) file and + apply any parameter changes to the running version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached user and group information. The list of other domains trusted - by winbindd is also reloaded.

SIGUSR1

The SIGUSR1 signal will cause winbindd to write status information to the winbind + by winbindd is also reloaded.

SIGUSR1

The SIGUSR1 signal will cause + winbindd to write status information to the winbind log file including information about the number of user and - group ids allocated by winbindd.

Log files are stored in the filename specified by the - log file parameter.

FILES

/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)

Name service switch configuration file.

/tmp/.winbindd/pipe

The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with - the winbindd program. For security reasons, the + group ids allocated by winbindd.

Log files are stored in the filename specified by the + log file parameter.

FILES

/etc/nsswitch.conf(5): Name service switch configuration file.
/tmp/.winbindd/pipe: The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with + the winbindd program. For security reasons, the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon - if both the /tmp/.winbindd directory - and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe file are owned by - root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X: Implementation of name service switch library. -
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb: Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group + if both the /tmp/.winbindd directory + and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe file are owned by + root.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe: The UNIX pipe over which 'privilaged' clients + communicate with the winbindd program. For security + reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by + the ntlm_auth utility - is restricted. By default, + only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator + may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged to allow + programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth. + Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon + if both the $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged directory + and $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe file are owned by + root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X: Implementation of name service switch library. +
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb: Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially - compiled using the --with-lockdir option. - This directory is by default /usr/local/samba/var/locks -.
$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb: Storage for cached user and group information. -

VERSION

This man page is correct for version 3.0 of - the Samba suite.

AUTHOR

The original Samba software and related utilities + compiled using the --with-lockdir option. + This directory is by default /usr/local/samba/var/locks +.

$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb

Storage for cached user and group information. +

VERSION

This man page is correct for version 3.0 of + the Samba suite.

AUTHOR

The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar - to the way the Linux kernel is developed.

wbinfo and winbindd - were written by Tim Potter.

The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done - by Gerald Carter

\ No newline at end of file + to the way the Linux kernel is developed.

wbinfo and winbindd were + written by Tim Potter.

The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done + by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for + Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.

-- cgit

winbindd

Name

Synopsis

DESCRIPTION

Name

Synopsis

DESCRIPTION

OPTIONS

OPTIONS

NAME AND ID RESOLUTION

NAME AND ID RESOLUTION

CONFIGURATION

EXAMPLE SETUP

CONFIGURATION

EXAMPLE SETUP

NOTES

NOTES

SIGNALS

SIGNALS

FILES

FILES

VERSION

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

VERSION

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR