Samba FAQ: General Information

All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of +information, how to understand the version numbering scheme, pizza +details

1.1 What is Samba?

Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to +access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server +Message Block) protocol. Initially written for Unix, Samba now also +runs on Netware, OS/2 and VMS.

In practice, this means that you can redirect disks and printers to +Unix disks and printers from Lan Manager clients, Windows for +Workgroups 3.11 clients, Windows NT clients, Linux clients and OS/2 +clients. There is also a generic Unix client program supplied as part +of the suite which allows Unix users to use an ftp-like interface to +access filespace and printers on any other SMB servers. This gives the +capability for these operating systems to behave much like a LAN +Server or Windows NT Server machine, only with added functionality and +flexibility designed to make life easier for administrators.

The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later +versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages +and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer.

1.2 What is the current version of Samba?

1.3 Where can I get it?

The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from +samba.anu.edu.au. The latest and greatest versions of the suite are in +the directory:

Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable +and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are +available in the directory:

Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is +distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from +other sites. Recent versions of some Linux distributions, for example, +do contain Samba binaries for that platform.

1.4 What do the version numbers mean?

It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word +"alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing +to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest +recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by +all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development - +but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically +very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many +public releases.

1) when major changes are made the version number is increased. For +example, the transition from 1.9.15 to 1.9.16. However, this version +number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use +1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.)

2) just after major changes are made the software is considered +unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example +1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are +doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who +are just looking for the latest version to install.

3) when Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point +where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the +same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.16.

4) inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch +levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example +1.9.16p2.

1.9.15p7 (production) +1.9.15p8 (production) +1.9.16alpha1 (test sites only) +: +1.9.16alpha20 (test sites only) +1.9.16 (production) +1.9.16p1 (production)

The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp +site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an +alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended +version.

1.5 What platforms are supported?

Many different platforms have run Samba successfully. The platforms +most widely used and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS.

* SunOS +* Linux with shadow passwords +* Linux without shadow passwords +* SOLARIS +* SOLARIS 2.2 and above (aka SunOS 5) +* SVR4 +* ULTRIX +* OSF1 (alpha only) +* OSF1 with NIS and Fast Crypt (alpha only) +* OSF1 V2.0 Enhanced Security (alpha only) +* AIX +* BSDI +* NetBSD +* NetBSD 1.0 +* SEQUENT +* HP-UX +* SGI +* SGI IRIX 4.x.x +* SGI IRIX 5.x.x +* FreeBSD +* NeXT 3.2 and above +* NeXT OS 2.x +* NeXT OS 3.0 +* ISC SVR3V4 (POSIX mode) +* ISC SVR3V4 (iBCS2 mode) +* A/UX 3.0 +* SCO with shadow passwords. +* SCO with shadow passwords, without YP. +* SCO with TCB passwords +* SCO 3.2v2 (ODT 1.1) with TCP passwords +* intergraph +* DGUX +* Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3 (BSD4.3)

1.6 How can I find out more about Samba?

There are two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related +matters. There is also the newsgroup, comp.protocols.smb, which has a +great deal of discussion on Samba. There is also a WWW site 'SAMBA Web +Pages' at http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html, under +which there is a comprehensive survey of Samba users. Another useful +resource is the hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list.

Send email to listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is +blank, and include the following two lines in the body of the message:

Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and +YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature stuff, it +sometimes confuses the list processor.

The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it +regurgitates a single message containing all the messages that have +been received by the list since the last time and sends a copy of this +message to all subscribers.

If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to +listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and +include the following two lines in the body of the message:

The From: line in your message MUST be the same address you used when +you subscribed.

1.7 Something's gone wrong - what should I do?

# *** IMPORTANT! *** # +DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have +carried out the first three steps given here!

Firstly, see if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ! If +you have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in +DIAGNOSIS.txt? It can save you a lot of time and effort.

Secondly, read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for +topics that relate to what you are trying to do.

Thirdly, if there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at +the log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you +were having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to +provide more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or +level 3 provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely, +looking particularly for the string "Error:".

Fourthly, if you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or +newsgroup. In general nobody minds answering questions provided you +have followed the preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the +archives of the mailing list, which are available through the Samba +web site described in the previous +section.

If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a +succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so +I can incorporate it in the next version.

If you make changes to the source code, _please_ submit these patches +so that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of +the most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all +patches to samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au, not Andrew Tridgell or any +other individual and not the samba team mailing list.

1.8 Pizza supply details

Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will +already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask +for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him +pizza. This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is +twenty thousand kilometres away, but it has been done.

Method 1: Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain +and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do, +which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza +one night, courtesy of someone in the US

Method 2: Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit +card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be +collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany +did this.

Method 3: Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has +no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely +useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has +from Germany :-)

Method 4: Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional +flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by +hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture.

2. Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host

2.1 I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists!

*** Until the FAQ can be updated, please check the file: +*** ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/BROWSING.txt +*** for more information on browsing.

If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable +servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under +Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M: +thusly:

The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from +client to client - check your client's documentation.

2.2 Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when Iview the files from my client!

2.3 Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames whenI view the files from my client!

If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they +are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not +DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason).

The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files +completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you +are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been +configured to ignore them. Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for +details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is +"mangled names = yes".

2.4 My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar

This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server +name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the +name you specified cannot be resolved.

After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you +should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting +to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it +is, the problem is most likely name resolution.

If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the +hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager +or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file +LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between +your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then +there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution +is beyond the scope of this document.

If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name +resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a +netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program), +the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section +Two of this FAQ for more ideas.

2.5 My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" orsimilar

This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified +server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of +the name you gave.

The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are +trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it +exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how +to specify a service name correctly), read on:

* Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than +eight +characters. +* Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing +spaces. +* Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service +names. +* Some clients force service names into upper case.

2.6 My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot logon to the network" or similar

Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name +controller stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the +whole concept of a primary domain controller and "logging in to a +network" doesn't fit well with clients possibly running on multiuser +machines (such as users of smbclient under Unix). Having said that, +several developers are working hard on building it in to the next +major version of Samba. If you can contribute, send a message to +samba-bugs!

Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected +disks and printers, which is really what all this is about.

For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager), +setting the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message.

2.7 Printing doesn't work :-(

Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are +connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg., +use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr").

Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is +writable by the user connected to the service. In particular the user +"nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked with an +earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other than +"nobody".

Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use +the printer.

Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and +see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with +a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client +attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1 +protocol.

If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not +Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug.

If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to +coreplus. Also not that print status error messages don't mean +printing won't work. The print status is received by a different +mechanism.

2.8 My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly

There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR +possibility is that your software uses locking. Make sure you are +using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It may also be possible to work around +the problem by setting "locking=no" in the Samba configuration file +for the service the software is installed on. This should be regarded +as a strictly temporary solution.

In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very +latest Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows +6. These should have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew +Tridgell know.

2.9 My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised

my client reports the default setting, eg. "Samba 1.9.15p4", instead +of what I have changed it to in the smb.conf file.

You need to use the -C option in nmbd. The "server string" affects +what smbd puts out and -C affects what nmbd puts out. In a future +version these will probably be combined and -C will be removed, but +for now use -C

2.10 My client reports "This server is not configured to list sharedresources"

Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the +guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is +valid.

2.11 Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system"

This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid +or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security +hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no +user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many +broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535.

This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to +another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on +being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back +again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid +system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less +things will break if you use user or server level security instead of +the default share level security, but you may still strike +problems.

The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic, +but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable. +In particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as +two different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a +"guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect +your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as +the guest user.

Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that +it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with +no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run +as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good!

3. Common client questions

3.1 Are any Macintosh clients for Samba

The answer is "No." Samba speaks SMB, the protocol used for Microsoft +networks. The Macintosh has ALWAYS spoken Appletalk. Even with +Microsoft "services for Macintosh", it has been a matter of making the +server speak Appletalk. It is the same for Novell Netware and the +Macintosh, although I believe Novell has (VERY LATE) released an +extension for the Mac to let it speak IPX.

In future Apple System Software, you may see support for other +protocols, such as SMB -- Applet is working on a new networking +architecture that will --> -- make it easier to support additional +protocols. But it's not here yet.

Now, the nice part is that if you want your Unix machine to speak +Appletalk, there are several options. "Netatalk" and "CAP" are free, +and available on the net. There are also several commercial options, +such as "PacerShare" and "Helios" (I think). In any case, you'll have +to look around for a server, not anything for the Mac.

Depending on you OS, some of these may not help you. I am currently +coordinating the effort to get CAP working with Native Ethertalk under +Linux, but we're not done yet.

3.2 "Session request failed (131,130)" error

I'll assume that you're able to ping back and forth between the +machines by IP address and name, and that you're using some security +model where you're confident that you've got user IDs and passwords +right. The logging options (-d3 or greater) can help a lot with that. +DNS and WINS configuration can also impact connectivity as well.

Now, on to 'scope id's. Somewhere in your Win95 TCP/IP network +configuration (I'm too much of an NT bigot to know where it's located +in the Win95 setup, but I'll have to learn someday since I teach for a +Microsoft Solution Provider Authorized Tech Education Center - what an +acronym...) Note: It's under Control Panel | Network | TCP/IP | WINS +Configuration there's a little text entry field called something like +'Scope ID'.

This field essentially creates 'invisible' sub-workgroups on the same +wire. Boxes can only see other boxes whose Scope IDs are set to the +exact same value - it's sometimes used by OEMs to configure their +boxes to browse only other boxes from the same vendor and, in most +environments, this field should be left blank. If you, in fact, have +something in this box that EXACT value (case-sensitive!) needs to be +provided to smbclient and nmbd as the -i (lowercase) parameter. So, if +your Scope ID is configured as the string 'SomeStr' in Win95 then +you'd have to use smbclient -iSomeStr otherparms in connecting to +it.

3.3 How do I synchronise my PC's clock with my Samba server?

* Copy timesync.pif to your windows directory +* timesync.pif can be found at: +http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/binaries/miscellaneous/timesync.pif +* Add timesync.pif to your 'Start Up' group/folder +* Open the properties dialog box for the program/icon +* Make sure the 'Run Minimized' option is set in program +'Properties' +* Change the command line section that reads \\sambahost to reflect +the name +of your server. +* Close the properties dialog box by choosing 'OK'

Each time you start your computer (or login for Win95) your PC will +synchronize it's clock with your Samba server.

3.4 Problems with WinDD, NTrigue, WinCenterPro etc

All of the above programs are applications that sit on an NT box and +allow multiple users to access the NT GUI applications from remote +workstations (often over X).

What has this got to do with Samba? The problem comes when these users +use filemanager to mount shares from a Samba server. The most common +symptom is that the first user to connect get correct file permissions +and has a nice day, but subsequent connections get logged in as the +same user as the first person to login. They find that they cannot +access files in their own home directory, but that they can access +files in the first users home directory (maybe not such a nice day +after all?)

Why does this happen? The above products all share a common heritage +(and code base I believe). They all open just a single TCP based SMB +connection to the Samba server, and requests from all users are piped +over this connection. This is unfortunate, but not fatal.

It means that if you run your Samba server in share level security +(the default) then things will definately break as described +above. The share level SMB security model has no provision for +multiple user IDs on the one SMB connection. See security_level.txt in +the docs for more info on share/user/server level security.

If you run in user or server level security then you have a chance, +but only if you have a recent version of Samba (at least 1.9.15p6). In +older versions bugs in Samba meant you still would have had problems.

If you have a trapdoor uid system in your OS then it will never work +properly. Samba needs to be able to switch uids on the connection and +it can't if your OS has a trapdoor uid system. You'll know this +because Samba will note it in your logs.

Also note that you should not use the magic "homes" share name with +products like these, as otherwise all users will end up with the same +home directory. Use \\server\username instead.

3.5 Problem with printers under NT

This info from Stefan Hergeth +hergeth@f7axp1.informatik.fh-muenchen.de may be useful:

A network-printer (with ethernetcard) is connected to the NT-Clients +via our UNIX-Fileserver (SAMBA-Server), like the configuration told by +Matthew Harrell harrell@leech.nrl.navy.mil (see WinNT.txt)

1.) If a user has choosen this printer as the default printer in his +NT-Session and this printer is not connected to the network +(e.g. switched off) than this user has a problem with the SAMBA- +connection of his filesystems. It's very slow.

3.) When the smbd ist started with debug level 3, you can see that +the +NT spooling system try to connect to the printer many times. If +the +printer ist not connected to the network this request fails and +the +NT spooler is wasting a lot of time to connect to the printer +service. +This seems to be the reason for the slow network connection.

4.) Maybe it's possible to change this behaviour by setting different +printer properties in the Print-Manager-Menu of NT, but i didn't try +it yet.

3.6 Why are my file's timestamps off by an hour, or by a few hours?

Internally, Samba maintains time in traditional Unix format, +namely, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Universal Time +(or ``GMT''), not counting leap seconds.

On the server side, Samba uses the Unix TZ variable to convert +internal +timestamps to and from local time. So on the server side, there are +two +things to get right.

1. The Unix system clock must have the correct Universal +time. +Use the shell command "sh -c 'TZ=UTC0 date'" to check this.

2. The TZ environment variable must be set on the server +before Samba is invoked. The details of this depend on the +server OS, but typically you must edit a file whose name is +/etc/TIMEZONE or /etc/default/init, or run the command `zic +-l'.

3a. If possible, use geographical time zone settings +(e.g. TZ='America/Los_Angeles' or perhaps +TZ=':US/Pacific'). These are supported by most +popular Unix OSes, are easier to get right, and are +more accurate for historical timestamps. If your +operating system has out-of-date tables, you should be +able to update them from the public domain time zone +tables at URL:ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/.

3b. If your system does not support geographical time +zone +settings, you must use a Posix-style TZ strings, e.g. +TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2' for US Pacific time. +Posix TZ strings can take the following form (with +optional +items in brackets):

`Offset' is the number of hours behind UTC +(e.g. `8'). +Prepend a `-' if you are ahead of UTC, and +append `:30' if you are at a half-hour offset. +Omit all the remaining items if you do not use +daylight-saving time.

The optional second `Offset' is the number of +hours that daylight-saving time is behind UTC. +The default is 1 hour ahead of standard time.

`Date/Time,Date/Time' specify when +daylight-saving +time starts and ends. The format for a date +is +`Mm.n.d', which specifies the dth day (0 is +Sunday) +of the nth week of the mth month, where week 5 +means +the last such day in the month. The format +for a +time is hh:mm[:ss], using a 24-hour clock.

On the client side, you must make sure that your client's clock and +time zone is also set appropriately. [I don't know how to do this.] +Samba traditionally has had many problems dealing with time zones, due +to the bizarre ways that Microsoft network protocols handle time +zones. A common symptom is for file timestamps to be off by an hour. +To work around the problem, try disconnecting from your Samba server +and then reconnecting to it; or upgrade your Samba server to +1.9.16alpha10 or later.

3.7 How do I set the printer driver name correctly?

Question: +> On NT, I opened "Printer Manager" and "Connect to Printer". +> Enter "\\ptdi270\ps1" in the box of printer. I got the +> following error message: +> +> You do not have sufficient access to your machine +> to connect to the selected printer, since a driver +> needs to be installed locally.

In the more recent versions of Samba you can now set the "printer +driver" in smb.conf. This tells the client what driver to use. For +example, I have:

and NT knows to use the right driver. You have to get this string +exactly right.

To find the exact string to use, you need to get to the dialog box in +your client where you select which printer driver to install. The +correct strings for all the different printers are shown in a listbox +in that dialog box.

this is effectively what older versions of Samba did, so if that +worked for you then give it a go. If this does work then let me know +and I'll make it the default. Currently the default is a 0 length +string.

4. Specific client application problems

4.1 MS Office Setup reports "Cannot change properties of "\MSOFFICE\SETUP.INI"

When installing MS Office on a Samba drive for which you have admin +user permissions, ie. admin users = username, you will find the +setup program unable to complete the installation.

To get around this problem, do the installation without admin user +permissions The problem is that MS Office Setup checks that a file is +rdonly by trying to open it for writing.

Admin users can always open a file for writing, as they run as root. +You just have to install as a non-admin user and then use "chown -R" +to fix the owner.

5. Miscellaneous

Samba FAQ

Paul Blackman, ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au

1. General Information

2. Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host

3. Common client questions

4. Specific client application problems

5. Miscellaneous

+ + Samba FAQ + +<author>Paul Blackman, <tt>ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au</tt> + +<date>, v 0.5 + +<abstract> This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document for +Samba, the free and very popular SMB server product. An SMB server +allows file and printer connections from clients such as Windows, +OS/2, Linux and others. Current to version 1.9.16. Please send any +corrections to the author. +</abstract> + +<toc> + +<sect> General Information <label id="general_info"> + +All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of +information, how to understand the version numbering scheme, pizza +details + +<sect1> What is Samba? <label id="introduction"> + +Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to +access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server +Message Block) protocol. Initially written for Unix, Samba now also +runs on Netware, OS/2 and VMS. + +In practice, this means that you can redirect disks and printers to +Unix disks and printers from Lan Manager clients, Windows for +Workgroups 3.11 clients, Windows NT clients, Linux clients and OS/2 +clients. There is also a generic Unix client program supplied as part +of the suite which allows Unix users to use an ftp-like interface to +access filespace and printers on any other SMB servers. This gives the +capability for these operating systems to behave much like a LAN +Server or Windows NT Server machine, only with added functionality and +flexibility designed to make life easier for administrators. + +The components of the suite are (in summary): + +<itemize> + +<item> smbd, the SMB server. This handles actual connections from +clients, doing all the file, permission and username work + +<item>nmbd, the Netbios name server, which helps clients locate +servers, doing the browsing work and managing domains as this +capability is being built into Samba + +<item>smbclient, the Unix-hosted client program + +<item>smbrun, a little 'glue' program to help the server run external +programs + +<item>testprns, a program to test server access to printers + +<item>testparms, a program to test the Samba configuration file for +correctness + +<item>smb.conf, the Samba configuration file + +<item> smbprint, a sample script to allow a Unix host to use smbclient +to print to an SMB server + +<item> documentation! DON'T neglect to read it - you will save a great +deal of time! + +</itemize> + +The suite is supplied with full source (of course!) and is GPLed. + +The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later +versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages +and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer. + +<sect1> What is the current version of Samba? <label id="current_version"> + +At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.16. If you want to be +sure check the bottom of the change-log file. <url +url="ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log"> + +For more information see <ref id="version_nums" name="What do the +version numbers mean?"> + +<sect1> Where can I get it? <label id="where"> + +The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from +samba.anu.edu.au. The latest and greatest versions of the suite are in +the directory: + +/pub/samba/ + +Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable +and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are +available in the directory: + +/pub/samba/alpha + +Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is +distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from +other sites. Recent versions of some Linux distributions, for example, +do contain Samba binaries for that platform. + +<sect1> What do the version numbers mean? <label id="version_nums"> + +It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word +"alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing +to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest +recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by +all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development - +but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically +very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many +public releases. + +How the scheme works: + +1) when major changes are made the version number is increased. For +example, the transition from 1.9.15 to 1.9.16. However, this version +number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use +1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.) + +2) just after major changes are made the software is considered +unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example +1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are +doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who +are just looking for the latest version to install. + +3) when Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point +where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the +same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.16. + +4) inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch +levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example +1.9.16p2. + +So the progression goes: + + 1.9.15p7 (production) + 1.9.15p8 (production) + 1.9.16alpha1 (test sites only) + : + 1.9.16alpha20 (test sites only) + 1.9.16 (production) + 1.9.16p1 (production) + +The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp +site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an +alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended +version. + +<sect1> What platforms are supported? <label id="platforms"> + +Many different platforms have run Samba successfully. The platforms +most widely used and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS. + +At time of writing, the Makefile claimed support for: + + * SunOS + * Linux with shadow passwords + * Linux without shadow passwords + * SOLARIS + * SOLARIS 2.2 and above (aka SunOS 5) + * SVR4 + * ULTRIX + * OSF1 (alpha only) + * OSF1 with NIS and Fast Crypt (alpha only) + * OSF1 V2.0 Enhanced Security (alpha only) + * AIX + * BSDI + * NetBSD + * NetBSD 1.0 + * SEQUENT + * HP-UX + * SGI + * SGI IRIX 4.x.x + * SGI IRIX 5.x.x + * FreeBSD + * NeXT 3.2 and above + * NeXT OS 2.x + * NeXT OS 3.0 + * ISC SVR3V4 (POSIX mode) + * ISC SVR3V4 (iBCS2 mode) + * A/UX 3.0 + * SCO with shadow passwords. + * SCO with shadow passwords, without YP. + * SCO with TCB passwords + * SCO 3.2v2 (ODT 1.1) with TCP passwords + * intergraph + * DGUX + * Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3 (BSD4.3) + +<sect1> How can I find out more about Samba? <label id="more"> + +There are two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related +matters. There is also the newsgroup, comp.protocols.smb, which has a +great deal of discussion on Samba. There is also a WWW site 'SAMBA Web +Pages' at http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html, under +which there is a comprehensive survey of Samba users. Another useful +resource is the hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list. + +Send email to listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is +blank, and include the following two lines in the body of the message: + + subscribe samba Firstname Lastname + subscribe samba-announce Firstname Lastname + +Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and +YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature stuff, it +sometimes confuses the list processor. + +The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it +regurgitates a single message containing all the messages that have +been received by the list since the last time and sends a copy of this +message to all subscribers. + +If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to +listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and +include the following two lines in the body of the message: + + unsubscribe samba + unsubscribe samba-announce + +The From: line in your message MUST be the same address you used when +you subscribed. + +<sect1> Something's gone wrong - what should I do? <label id="wrong"> + +[#] *** IMPORTANT! *** [#] +DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in newsgroups until you have +carried out the first three steps given here! + +Firstly, see if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ! If +you have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in +DIAGNOSIS.txt? It can save you a lot of time and effort. + +Secondly, read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for +topics that relate to what you are trying to do. + +Thirdly, if there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at +the log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you +were having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to +provide more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or +level 3 provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely, +looking particularly for the string "Error:". + +Fourthly, if you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or +newsgroup. In general nobody minds answering questions provided you +have followed the preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the +archives of the mailing list, which are available through the Samba +web site described in the previous +section. + +If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a +succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so +I can incorporate it in the next version. + +If you make changes to the source code, _please_ submit these patches +so that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of +the most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all +patches to samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au, not Andrew Tridgell or any +other individual and not the samba team mailing list. + +<sect1> Pizza supply details <label id="pizza"> + +Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will +already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask +for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him +pizza. This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is +twenty thousand kilometres away, but it has been done. + +Method 1: Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain +and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do, +which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza +one night, courtesy of someone in the US + +Method 2: Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit +card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be +collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany +did this. + +Method 3: Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has +no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely +useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has +from Germany :-) + +Method 4: Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional +flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by +hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture. + +<sect>Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host +<label id="unix_install"> + +<sect1>I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists! +<label id="no_browse"> + +*** Until the FAQ can be updated, please check the file: +*** ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/BROWSING.txt +*** for more information on browsing. + +If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable +servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under +Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M: +thusly: + + net use M: \\mary\fred + +The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from +client to client - check your client's documentation. + +<sect1>Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when I +view the files from my client! +<label id="missing_files"> + +<sect1>Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames when +I view the files from my client! +<label id="strange_filenames"> + +If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they +are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not +DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason). + +The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files +completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you +are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been +configured to ignore them. Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for +details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is +"mangled names = yes". + +<sect1>My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar +<label id="cant_see_server"> + +This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server +name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the +name you specified cannot be resolved. + +After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you +should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting +to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it +is, the problem is most likely name resolution. + +If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the +hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager +or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file +LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between +your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then +there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution +is beyond the scope of this document. + +If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name +resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a +netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program), +the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section +Two of this FAQ for more ideas. + +By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further +tests :-) + +<sect1>My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or +similar +<label id="cant_see_share"> + +This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified +server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of +the name you gave. + +The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are +trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it +exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how +to specify a service name correctly), read on: + + * Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than +eight + characters. + * Many clients cannot accept or use service names containing +spaces. + * Some servers (not Samba though) are case sensitive with service +names. + * Some clients force service names into upper case. + +<sect1>My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log +on to the network" or similar +<label id="cant_see_net"> + +Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name +controller stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the +whole concept of a primary domain controller and "logging in to a +network" doesn't fit well with clients possibly running on multiuser +machines (such as users of smbclient under Unix). Having said that, +several developers are working hard on building it in to the next +major version of Samba. If you can contribute, send a message to +samba-bugs! + +Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected +disks and printers, which is really what all this is about. + +For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager), +setting the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message. + +<sect1>Printing doesn't work :-( <label id="no_printing"> + +Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are +connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg., +use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr"). + +Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is +writable by the user connected to the service. In particular the user +"nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked with an +earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other than +"nobody". + +Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use +the printer. + +Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and +see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with +a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client +attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1 +protocol. + +If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not +Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug. + +If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to +coreplus. Also not that print status error messages don't mean +printing won't work. The print status is received by a different +mechanism. + +<sect1>My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work properly +<label id="programs_wont_run"> + +There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR +possibility is that your software uses locking. Make sure you are +using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It may also be possible to work around +the problem by setting "locking=no" in the Samba configuration file +for the service the software is installed on. This should be regarded +as a strictly temporary solution. + +In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very +latest Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows +6. These should have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew +Tridgell know. + +<sect1>My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised +<label id="bad_server_string"> + +my client reports the default setting, eg. "Samba 1.9.15p4", instead +of what I have changed it to in the smb.conf file. + +You need to use the -C option in nmbd. The "server string" affects +what smbd puts out and -C affects what nmbd puts out. In a future +version these will probably be combined and -C will be removed, but +for now use -C + +<sect1>My client reports "This server is not configured to list shared +resources" <label id="cant_list_shares"> + +Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the +guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is +valid. + +See also 'guest account' in smb.conf man page. + +<sect1>Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" +<label id="trapdoor_uid"> + +This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid +or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security +hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no +user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many +broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535. + +It might also mean that your OS has a trapdoor uid/gid system :-) + +This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to +another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on +being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back +again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid +system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less +things will break if you use user or server level security instead of +the default share level security, but you may still strike +problems. + +The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic, +but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable. +In particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as +two different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a +"guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect +your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as +the guest user. + +Complain to your OS vendor and ask them to fix their system. + +Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that +it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with +no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run +as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good! + +<sect>Common client questions <label id="client_questions"> + +<sect1>Are any Macintosh clients for Samba <label id="mac_clients"> + +In Rob Newberry's words (rob@eats.com, Sun, 4 Dec 1994): + +The answer is "No." Samba speaks SMB, the protocol used for Microsoft +networks. The Macintosh has ALWAYS spoken Appletalk. Even with +Microsoft "services for Macintosh", it has been a matter of making the +server speak Appletalk. It is the same for Novell Netware and the +Macintosh, although I believe Novell has (VERY LATE) released an +extension for the Mac to let it speak IPX. + +In future Apple System Software, you may see support for other +protocols, such as SMB -- Applet is working on a new networking +architecture that will --> -- make it easier to support additional +protocols. But it's not here yet. + +Now, the nice part is that if you want your Unix machine to speak +Appletalk, there are several options. "Netatalk" and "CAP" are free, +and available on the net. There are also several commercial options, +such as "PacerShare" and "Helios" (I think). In any case, you'll have +to look around for a server, not anything for the Mac. + +Depending on you OS, some of these may not help you. I am currently +coordinating the effort to get CAP working with Native Ethertalk under +Linux, but we're not done yet. + + +<sect1>"Session request failed (131,130)" error <label id="sess_req_fail"> + +The following answer is provided by John E. Miller: + +I'll assume that you're able to ping back and forth between the +machines by IP address and name, and that you're using some security +model where you're confident that you've got user IDs and passwords +right. The logging options (-d3 or greater) can help a lot with that. +DNS and WINS configuration can also impact connectivity as well. + +Now, on to 'scope id's. Somewhere in your Win95 TCP/IP network +configuration (I'm too much of an NT bigot to know where it's located +in the Win95 setup, but I'll have to learn someday since I teach for a +Microsoft Solution Provider Authorized Tech Education Center - what an +acronym...) [Note: It's under Control Panel | Network | TCP/IP | WINS +Configuration] there's a little text entry field called something like +'Scope ID'. + +This field essentially creates 'invisible' sub-workgroups on the same +wire. Boxes can only see other boxes whose Scope IDs are set to the +exact same value - it's sometimes used by OEMs to configure their +boxes to browse only other boxes from the same vendor and, in most +environments, this field should be left blank. If you, in fact, have +something in this box that EXACT value (case-sensitive!) needs to be +provided to smbclient and nmbd as the -i (lowercase) parameter. So, if +your Scope ID is configured as the string 'SomeStr' in Win95 then +you'd have to use smbclient -iSomeStr [otherparms] in connecting to +it. + +<sect1>How do I synchronise my PC's clock with my Samba server? +<label id="synchronise_clock"> + +To syncronize your PC's clock with your Samba server: + +* Copy timesync.pif to your windows directory + * timesync.pif can be found at: + http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/binaries/miscellaneous/timesync.pif +* Add timesync.pif to your 'Start Up' group/folder +* Open the properties dialog box for the program/icon + * Make sure the 'Run Minimized' option is set in program +'Properties' + * Change the command line section that reads \\sambahost to reflect +the name + of your server. +* Close the properties dialog box by choosing 'OK' + +Each time you start your computer (or login for Win95) your PC will +synchronize it's clock with your Samba server. + +<sect1>Problems with WinDD, NTrigue, WinCenterPro etc +<label id="multiple_session_clients"> + +All of the above programs are applications that sit on an NT box and +allow multiple users to access the NT GUI applications from remote +workstations (often over X). + +What has this got to do with Samba? The problem comes when these users +use filemanager to mount shares from a Samba server. The most common +symptom is that the first user to connect get correct file permissions +and has a nice day, but subsequent connections get logged in as the +same user as the first person to login. They find that they cannot +access files in their own home directory, but that they can access +files in the first users home directory (maybe not such a nice day +after all?) + +Why does this happen? The above products all share a common heritage +(and code base I believe). They all open just a single TCP based SMB +connection to the Samba server, and requests from all users are piped +over this connection. This is unfortunate, but not fatal. + +It means that if you run your Samba server in share level security +(the default) then things will definately break as described +above. The share level SMB security model has no provision for +multiple user IDs on the one SMB connection. See security_level.txt in +the docs for more info on share/user/server level security. + +If you run in user or server level security then you have a chance, +but only if you have a recent version of Samba (at least 1.9.15p6). In +older versions bugs in Samba meant you still would have had problems. + +If you have a trapdoor uid system in your OS then it will never work +properly. Samba needs to be able to switch uids on the connection and +it can't if your OS has a trapdoor uid system. You'll know this +because Samba will note it in your logs. + +Also note that you should not use the magic "homes" share name with +products like these, as otherwise all users will end up with the same +home directory. Use \\server\username instead. + +<sect1>Problem with printers under NT <label id="nt_printers"> + +This info from Stefan Hergeth +hergeth@f7axp1.informatik.fh-muenchen.de may be useful: + + A network-printer (with ethernetcard) is connected to the NT-Clients +via our UNIX-Fileserver (SAMBA-Server), like the configuration told by + Matthew Harrell harrell@leech.nrl.navy.mil (see WinNT.txt) + + 1.) If a user has choosen this printer as the default printer in his + NT-Session and this printer is not connected to the network + (e.g. switched off) than this user has a problem with the SAMBA- + connection of his filesystems. It's very slow. + + 2.) If the printer is connected to the network everything works fine. + + 3.) When the smbd ist started with debug level 3, you can see that +the + NT spooling system try to connect to the printer many times. If +the + printer ist not connected to the network this request fails and +the + NT spooler is wasting a lot of time to connect to the printer +service. + This seems to be the reason for the slow network connection. + + 4.) Maybe it's possible to change this behaviour by setting different +printer properties in the Print-Manager-Menu of NT, but i didn't try +it yet. + +<sect1>Why are my file's timestamps off by an hour, or by a few hours? +<label id="dst_bugs"> + +This is from Paul Eggert eggert@twinsun.com. + +Most likely it's a problem with your time zone settings. + +Internally, Samba maintains time in traditional Unix format, +namely, the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Universal Time +(or ``GMT''), not counting leap seconds. + +On the server side, Samba uses the Unix TZ variable to convert +internal +timestamps to and from local time. So on the server side, there are +two +things to get right. + + 1. The Unix system clock must have the correct Universal +time. + Use the shell command "sh -c 'TZ=UTC0 date'" to check this. + + 2. The TZ environment variable must be set on the server + before Samba is invoked. The details of this depend on the + server OS, but typically you must edit a file whose name is + /etc/TIMEZONE or /etc/default/init, or run the command `zic +-l'. + + 3. TZ must have the correct value. + + 3a. If possible, use geographical time zone settings + (e.g. TZ='America/Los_Angeles' or perhaps + TZ=':US/Pacific'). These are supported by most + popular Unix OSes, are easier to get right, and are + more accurate for historical timestamps. If your + operating system has out-of-date tables, you should be + able to update them from the public domain time zone + tables at URL:ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/. + + 3b. If your system does not support geographical time +zone + settings, you must use a Posix-style TZ strings, e.g. + TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2' for US Pacific time. + Posix TZ strings can take the following form (with +optional + items in brackets): + + StdOffset[Dst[Offset],Date/Time,Date/Time] + + where: + + `Std' is the standard time designation +(e.g. `PST'). + + `Offset' is the number of hours behind UTC +(e.g. `8'). + Prepend a `-' if you are ahead of UTC, and + append `:30' if you are at a half-hour offset. + Omit all the remaining items if you do not use + daylight-saving time. + + `Dst' is the daylight-saving time designation + (e.g. `PDT'). + + The optional second `Offset' is the number of + hours that daylight-saving time is behind UTC. + The default is 1 hour ahead of standard time. + + `Date/Time,Date/Time' specify when +daylight-saving + time starts and ends. The format for a date +is + `Mm.n.d', which specifies the dth day (0 is +Sunday) + of the nth week of the mth month, where week 5 +means + the last such day in the month. The format +for a + time is [h]h[:mm[:ss]], using a 24-hour clock. + + Other Posix string formats are allowed but you don't +want + to know about them. + +On the client side, you must make sure that your client's clock and +time zone is also set appropriately. [[I don't know how to do this.]] +Samba traditionally has had many problems dealing with time zones, due +to the bizarre ways that Microsoft network protocols handle time +zones. A common symptom is for file timestamps to be off by an hour. +To work around the problem, try disconnecting from your Samba server +and then reconnecting to it; or upgrade your Samba server to +1.9.16alpha10 or later. + +<sect1> How do I set the printer driver name correctly? +<label id="printer_driver_name"> + +Question: +> On NT, I opened "Printer Manager" and "Connect to Printer". +> Enter "\\ptdi270\ps1" in the box of printer. I got the +> following error message: +> +> You do not have sufficient access to your machine +> to connect to the selected printer, since a driver +> needs to be installed locally. + +Answer: + +In the more recent versions of Samba you can now set the "printer +driver" in smb.conf. This tells the client what driver to use. For +example, I have: + + printer driver = HP LaserJet 4L + +and NT knows to use the right driver. You have to get this string +exactly right. + +To find the exact string to use, you need to get to the dialog box in +your client where you select which printer driver to install. The +correct strings for all the different printers are shown in a listbox +in that dialog box. + +You could also try setting the driver to NULL like this: + + printer driver = NULL + +this is effectively what older versions of Samba did, so if that +worked for you then give it a go. If this does work then let me know +and I'll make it the default. Currently the default is a 0 length +string. + +<sect>Specific client application problems <label id="client_problems"> + +<sect1>MS Office Setup reports "Cannot change properties of "\MSOFFICE\SETUP.INI" +<label id="cant_change_properties"> + +When installing MS Office on a Samba drive for which you have admin +user permissions, ie. admin users = username, you will find the +setup program unable to complete the installation. + +To get around this problem, do the installation without admin user +permissions The problem is that MS Office Setup checks that a file is +rdonly by trying to open it for writing. + +Admin users can always open a file for writing, as they run as root. +You just have to install as a non-admin user and then use "chown -R" +to fix the owner. + +<sect>Miscellaneous <label id="miscellaneous"> + + +</article> diff --git a/docs/faq/sambafaq.txt b/docs/faq/sambafaq.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..068204b9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/faq/sambafaq.txt @@ -0,0 +1,780 @@ + Samba FAQ + Paul Blackman, ictinus@lake.canberra.edu.au + , v 0.5 + + This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document for Samba, the + free and very popular SMB server product. An SMB server allows file + and printer connections from clients such as Windows, OS/2, Linux and + others. Current to version 1.9.16. Please send any corrections to the + author. + ______________________________________________________________________ + + Table of Contents: + + 1. General Information + + 1.1. What is Samba? + + 1.2. What is the current version of Samba? + + 1.3. Where can I get it? + + 1.4. What do the version numbers mean? + + 1.5. What platforms are supported? + + 1.6. How can I find out more about Samba? + + 1.7. Something's gone wrong - what should I do? + + 1.8. Pizza supply details + + 2. Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host + + 2.1. I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists! + + 2.2. Some files that I KNOW are on the server doesn't show up when + I view the files from my client! + + 2.3. Some files on the server show up with really wierd filenames + when I view the files from my client! + + 2.4. My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or + similar + + 2.5. My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" or + similar + + 2.6. My client reports "cannot find domain controller", "cannot log + on to the network" or similar + + 2.7. Printing doesn't work :-( + + 2.8. My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work + properly + + 2.9. My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised + + 2.10. My client reports "This server is not configured to list + shared resources" + + 2.11. Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" + + 3. Common client questions + + 3.1. Are any Macintosh clients for Samba + + 3.2. "Session request failed (131,130)" error + + 3.3. How do I synchronise my PC's clock with my Samba server? + + 3.4. Problems with WinDD, NTrigue, WinCenterPro etc + + 3.5. Problem with printers under NT + + 3.6. Why are my file's timestamps off by an hour, or by a few + hours? + + 3.7. How do I set the printer driver name correctly? + + 4. Specific client application problems + + 4.1. MS Office Setup reports "Cannot change properties of + "MSOFFICEUP.INI" + + 5. Miscellaneous + ______________________________________________________________________ + + 1. General Information + + All about Samba - what it is, how to get it, related sources of + information, how to understand the version numbering scheme, pizza + details + + 1.1. What is Samba? + + Samba is a suite of programs which work together to allow clients to + access to a server's filespace and printers via the SMB (Server + Message Block) protocol. Initially written for Unix, Samba now also + runs on Netware, OS/2 and VMS. + + In practice, this means that you can redirect disks and printers to + Unix disks and printers from Lan Manager clients, Windows for + Workgroups 3.11 clients, Windows NT clients, Linux clients and OS/2 + clients. There is also a generic Unix client program supplied as part + of the suite which allows Unix users to use an ftp-like interface to + access filespace and printers on any other SMB servers. This gives the + capability for these operating systems to behave much like a LAN + Server or Windows NT Server machine, only with added functionality and + flexibility designed to make life easier for administrators. + + The components of the suite are (in summary): + + o smbd, the SMB server. This handles actual connections from clients, + doing all the file, permission and username work + + o nmbd, the Netbios name server, which helps clients locate servers, + doing the browsing work and managing domains as this capability is + being built into Samba + + o smbclient, the Unix-hosted client program + + o smbrun, a little 'glue' program to help the server run external + programs + + o testprns, a program to test server access to printers + + o testparms, a program to test the Samba configuration file for + correctness + + o smb.conf, the Samba configuration file + + o smbprint, a sample script to allow a Unix host to use smbclient to + print to an SMB server + + o documentation! DON'T neglect to read it - you will save a great + deal of time! + + The suite is supplied with full source (of course!) and is GPLed. + + The primary creator of the Samba suite is Andrew Tridgell. Later + versions incorporate much effort by many net.helpers. The man pages + and this FAQ were originally written by Karl Auer. + + 1.2. What is the current version of Samba? + + At time of writing, the current version was 1.9.16. If you want to be + sure check the bottom of the change-log file. + <ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/alpha/change-log> + + For more information see ``What do the version numbers mean?'' + + 1.3. Where can I get it? + + The Samba suite is available via anonymous ftp from samba.anu.edu.au. + The latest and greatest versions of the suite are in the directory: + + /pub/samba/ + + Development (read "alpha") versions, which are NOT necessarily stable + and which do NOT necessarily have accurate documentation, are + available in the directory: + + /pub/samba/alpha + + Note that binaries are NOT included in any of the above. Samba is + distributed ONLY in source form, though binaries may be available from + other sites. Recent versions of some Linux distributions, for example, + do contain Samba binaries for that platform. + + 1.4. What do the version numbers mean? + + It is not recommended that you run a version of Samba with the word + "alpha" in its name unless you know what you are doing and are willing + to do some debugging. Many, many people just get the latest + recommended stable release version and are happy. If you are brave, by + all means take the plunge and help with the testing and development - + but don't install it on your departmental server. Samba is typically + very stable and safe, and this is mostly due to the policy of many + public releases. + + How the scheme works: + + 1) when major changes are made the version number is increased. For + example, the transition from 1.9.15 to 1.9.16. However, this version + number will not appear immediately and people should continue to use + 1.9.15 for production systems (see next point.) + + 2) just after major changes are made the software is considered + unstable, and a series of alpha releases are distributed, for example + 1.9.16alpha1. These are for testing by those who know what they are + doing. The "alpha" in the filename will hopefully scare off those who + are just looking for the latest version to install. + + 3) when Andrew thinks that the alphas have stabilised to the point + where he would recommend new users install it, he renames it to the + same version number without the alpha, for example 1.9.16. + + 4) inevitably bugs are found in the "stable" releases and minor patch + levels are released which give us the pXX series, for example + 1.9.16p2. + + So the progression goes: + + 1.9.15p7 (production) 1.9.15p8 (production) 1.9.16alpha1 + (test sites only) : 1.9.16alpha20 (test sites only) 1.9.16 + (production) 1.9.16p1 (production) + + The above system means that whenever someone looks at the samba ftp + site they will be able to grab the highest numbered release without an + alpha in the name and be sure of getting the current recommended + version. + + 1.5. What platforms are supported? + + Many different platforms have run Samba successfully. The platforms + most widely used and thus best tested are Linux and SunOS. + + At time of writing, the Makefile claimed support for: + + * SunOS * Linux with shadow passwords * Linux without shadow passwords + * SOLARIS * SOLARIS 2.2 and above (aka SunOS 5) * SVR4 * ULTRIX * OSF1 + (alpha only) * OSF1 with NIS and Fast Crypt (alpha only) * OSF1 V2.0 + Enhanced Security (alpha only) * AIX * BSDI * NetBSD * NetBSD 1.0 * + SEQUENT * HP-UX * SGI * SGI IRIX 4.x.x * SGI IRIX 5.x.x * FreeBSD * + NeXT 3.2 and above * NeXT OS 2.x * NeXT OS 3.0 * ISC SVR3V4 (POSIX + mode) * ISC SVR3V4 (iBCS2 mode) * A/UX 3.0 * SCO with shadow + passwords. * SCO with shadow passwords, without YP. * SCO with TCB + passwords * SCO 3.2v2 (ODT 1.1) with TCP passwords * intergraph * DGUX + * Apollo Domain/OS sr10.3 (BSD4.3) + + 1.6. How can I find out more about Samba? + + There are two mailing lists devoted to discussion of Samba-related + matters. There is also the newsgroup, comp.protocols.smb, which has a + great deal of discussion on Samba. There is also a WWW site 'SAMBA Web + Pages' at http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/samba.html, under + which there is a comprehensive survey of Samba users. Another useful + resource is the hypertext archive of the Samba mailing list. + + Send email to listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is + blank, and include the following two lines in the body of the message: + + subscribe samba Firstname Lastname subscribe samba-announce Firstname + Lastname + + Obviously you should substitute YOUR first name for "Firstname" and + YOUR last name for "Lastname"! Try not to send any signature stuff, it + sometimes confuses the list processor. + + The samba list is a digest list - every eight hours or so it + regurgitates a single message containing all the messages that have + been received by the list since the last time and sends a copy of this + message to all subscribers. + + If you stop being interested in Samba, please send another email to + listproc@samba.anu.edu.au. Make sure the subject line is blank, and + include the following two lines in the body of the message: + + unsubscribe samba unsubscribe samba-announce + + The From: line in your message MUST be the same address you used when + you subscribed. + + 1.7. Something's gone wrong - what should I do? + + # *** IMPORTANT! *** # DO NOT post messages on mailing lists or in + newsgroups until you have carried out the first three steps given + here! + + Firstly, see if there are any likely looking entries in this FAQ! If + you have just installed Samba, have you run through the checklist in + DIAGNOSIS.txt? It can save you a lot of time and effort. + + Secondly, read the man pages for smbd, nmbd and smb.conf, looking for + topics that relate to what you are trying to do. + + Thirdly, if there is no obvious solution to hand, try to get a look at + the log files for smbd and/or nmbd for the period during which you + were having problems. You may need to reconfigure the servers to + provide more extensive debugging information - usually level 2 or + level 3 provide ample debugging info. Inspect these logs closely, + looking particularly for the string "Error:". + + Fourthly, if you still haven't got anywhere, ask the mailing list or + newsgroup. In general nobody minds answering questions provided you + have followed the preceding steps. It might be a good idea to scan the + archives of the mailing list, which are available through the Samba + web site described in the previous section. + + If you successfully solve a problem, please mail the FAQ maintainer a + succinct description of the symptom, the problem and the solution, so + I can incorporate it in the next version. + + If you make changes to the source code, _please_ submit these patches + so that everyone else gets the benefit of your work. This is one of + the most important aspects to the maintainence of Samba. Send all + patches to samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au, not Andrew Tridgell or any + other individual and not the samba team mailing list. + + 1.8. Pizza supply details + + Those who have registered in the Samba survey as "Pizza Factory" will + already know this, but the rest may need some help. Andrew doesn't ask + for payment, but he does appreciate it when people give him pizza. + This calls for a little organisation when the pizza donor is twenty + thousand kilometres away, but it has been done. + + Method 1: Ring up your local branch of an international pizza chain + and see if they honour their vouchers internationally. Pizza Hut do, + which is how the entire Canberra Linux Users Group got to eat pizza + one night, courtesy of someone in the US + + Method 2: Ring up a local pizza shop in Canberra and quote a credit + card number for a certain amount, and tell them that Andrew will be + collecting it (don't forget to tell him.) One kind soul from Germany + did this. + + Method 3: Purchase a pizza voucher from your local pizza shop that has + no international affiliations and send it to Andrew. It is completely + useless but he can hang it on the wall next to the one he already has + from Germany :-) + + Method 4: Air freight him a pizza with your favourite regional + flavours. It will probably get stuck in customs or torn apart by + hungry sniffer dogs but it will have been a noble gesture. + + 2. Compiling and installing Samba on a Unix host + + 2.1. I can't see the Samba server in any browse lists! + + *** Until the FAQ can be updated, please check the file: *** + ftp://samba.anu.edu.au/pub/samba/BROWSING.txt *** for more information + on browsing. + + If your GUI client does not permit you to select non-browsable + servers, you may need to do so on the command line. For example, under + Lan Manager you might connect to the above service as disk drive M: + thusly: + + net use M: \maryed + + The details of how to do this and the specific syntax varies from + client to client - check your client's documentation. + + 2.2. view the files from my client! Some files that I KNOW are on + the server doesn't show up when I + + 2.3. I view the files from my client! Some files on the server show + up with really wierd filenames when + + If you check what files are not showing up, you will note that they + are files which contain upper case letters or which are otherwise not + DOS-compatible (ie, they are not legal DOS filenames for some reason). + + The Samba server can be configured either to ignore such files + completely, or to present them to the client in "mangled" form. If you + are not seeing the files at all, the Samba server has most likely been + configured to ignore them. Consult the man page smb.conf(5) for + details of how to change this - the parameter you need to set is + "mangled names = yes". + + 2.4. My client reports "cannot locate specified computer" or similar + + This indicates one of three things: You supplied an incorrect server + name, the underlying TCP/IP layer is not working correctly, or the + name you specified cannot be resolved. + + After carefully checking that the name you typed is the name you + should have typed, try doing things like pinging a host or telnetting + to somewhere on your network to see if TCP/IP is functioning OK. If it + is, the problem is most likely name resolution. + + If your client has a facility to do so, hardcode a mapping between the + hosts IP and the name you want to use. For example, with Man Manager + or Windows for Workgroups you would put a suitable entry in the file + LMHOSTS. If this works, the problem is in the communication between + your client and the netbios name server. If it does not work, then + there is something fundamental wrong with your naming and the solution + is beyond the scope of this document. + + If you do not have any server on your subnet supplying netbios name + resolution, hardcoded mappings are your only option. If you DO have a + netbios name server running (such as the Samba suite's nmbd program), + the problem probably lies in the way it is set up. Refer to Section + Two of this FAQ for more ideas. + + By the way, remember to REMOVE the hardcoded mapping before further + tests :-) + + 2.5. similar My client reports "cannot locate specified share name" + or + + This message indicates that your client CAN locate the specified + server, which is a good start, but that it cannot find a service of + the name you gave. + + The first step is to check the exact name of the service you are + trying to connect to (consult your system administrator). Assuming it + exists and you specified it correctly (read your client's doco on how + to specify a service name correctly), read on: + + * Many clients cannot accept or use service names longer than eight + characters. * Many clients cannot accept or use service names + containing spaces. * Some servers (not Samba though) are case + sensitive with service names. * Some clients force service names into + upper case. + + 2.6. on to the network" or similar My client reports "cannot find + domain controller", "cannot log + + Nothing is wrong - Samba does not implement the primary domain name + controller stuff for several reasons, including the fact that the + whole concept of a primary domain controller and "logging in to a + network" doesn't fit well with clients possibly running on multiuser + machines (such as users of smbclient under Unix). Having said that, + several developers are working hard on building it in to the next + major version of Samba. If you can contribute, send a message to + samba-bugs! + + Seeing this message should not affect your ability to mount redirected + disks and printers, which is really what all this is about. + + For many clients (including Windows for Workgroups and Lan Manager), + setting the domain to STANDALONE at least gets rid of the message. + + 2.7. Printing doesn't work :-( + + Make sure that the specified print command for the service you are + connecting to is correct and that it has a fully-qualified path (eg., + use "/usr/bin/lpr" rather than just "lpr"). + + Make sure that the spool directory specified for the service is + writable by the user connected to the service. In particular the user + "nobody" often has problems with printing, even if it worked with an + earlier version of Samba. Try creating another guest user other than + "nobody". + + Make sure that the user specified in the service is permitted to use + the printer. + + Check the debug log produced by smbd. Search for the printer name and + see if the log turns up any clues. Note that error messages to do with + a service ipc$ are meaningless - they relate to the way the client + attempts to retrieve status information when using the LANMAN1 + protocol. + + If using WfWg then you need to set the default protocol to TCP/IP, not + Netbeui. This is a WfWg bug. + + If using the Lanman1 protocol (the default) then try switching to + coreplus. Also not that print status error messages don't mean + printing won't work. The print status is received by a different + mechanism. + + 2.8. My programs install on the server OK, but refuse to work prop- + erly + + There are numerous possible reasons for this, but one MAJOR + possibility is that your software uses locking. Make sure you are + using Samba 1.6.11 or later. It may also be possible to work around + the problem by setting "locking=no" in the Samba configuration file + for the service the software is installed on. This should be regarded + as a strictly temporary solution. + + In earlier Samba versions there were some difficulties with the very + latest Microsoft products, particularly Excel 5 and Word for Windows + 6. These should have all been solved. If not then please let Andrew + Tridgell know. + + 2.9. My "server string" doesn't seem to be recognised + + my client reports the default setting, eg. "Samba 1.9.15p4", instead + of what I have changed it to in the smb.conf file. + + You need to use the -C option in nmbd. The "server string" affects + what smbd puts out and -C affects what nmbd puts out. In a future + version these will probably be combined and -C will be removed, but + for now use -C + + 2.10. resources" My client reports "This server is not configured to + list shared + + Your guest account is probably invalid for some reason. Samba uses the + guest account for browsing in smbd. Check that your guest account is + valid. + + See also 'guest account' in smb.conf man page. + + 2.11. Log message "you appear to have a trapdoor uid system" + + This can have several causes. It might be because you are using a uid + or gid of 65535 or -1. This is a VERY bad idea, and is a big security + hole. Check carefully in your /etc/passwd file and make sure that no + user has uid 65535 or -1. Especially check the "nobody" user, as many + broken systems are shipped with nobody setup with a uid of 65535. + + It might also mean that your OS has a trapdoor uid/gid system :-) + + This means that once a process changes effective uid from root to + another user it can't go back to root. Unfortunately Samba relies on + being able to change effective uid from root to non-root and back + again to implement its security policy. If your OS has a trapdoor uid + system this won't work, and several things in Samba may break. Less + things will break if you use user or server level security instead of + the default share level security, but you may still strike problems. + + The problems don't give rise to any security holes, so don't panic, + but it does mean some of Samba's capabilities will be unavailable. In + particular you will not be able to connect to the Samba server as two + different uids at once. This may happen if you try to print as a + "guest" while accessing a share as a normal user. It may also affect + your ability to list the available shares as this is normally done as + the guest user. + + Complain to your OS vendor and ask them to fix their system. + + Note: the reason why 65535 is a VERY bad choice of uid and gid is that + it casts to -1 as a uid, and the setreuid() system call ignores (with + no error) uid changes to -1. This means any daemon attempting to run + as uid 65535 will actually run as root. This is not good! + + 3. Common client questions + + 3.1. Are any Macintosh clients for Samba + + In Rob Newberry's words (rob@eats.com, Sun, 4 Dec 1994): + + The answer is "No." Samba speaks SMB, the protocol used for Microsoft + networks. The Macintosh has ALWAYS spoken Appletalk. Even with + Microsoft "services for Macintosh", it has been a matter of making the + server speak Appletalk. It is the same for Novell Netware and the + Macintosh, although I believe Novell has (VERY LATE) released an + extension for the Mac to let it speak IPX. + + In future Apple System Software, you may see support for other + protocols, such as SMB -- Applet is working on a new networking + architecture that will --> -- make it easier to support additional + protocols. But it's not here yet. + + Now, the nice part is that if you want your Unix machine to speak + Appletalk, there are several options. "Netatalk" and "CAP" are free, + and available on the net. There are also several commercial options, + such as "PacerShare" and "Helios" (I think). In any case, you'll have + to look around for a server, not anything for the Mac. + + Depending on you OS, some of these may not help you. I am currently + coordinating the effort to get CAP working with Native Ethertalk under + Linux, but we're not done yet. + + 3.2. Session request failed (131,130)" error + + The following answer is provided by John E. Miller: + + I'll assume that you're able to ping back and forth between the + machines by IP address and name, and that you're using some security + model where you're confident that you've got user IDs and passwords + right. The logging options (-d3 or greater) can help a lot with that. + DNS and WINS configuration can also impact connectivity as well. + + Now, on to 'scope id's. Somewhere in your Win95 TCP/IP network + configuration (I'm too much of an NT bigot to know where it's located + in the Win95 setup, but I'll have to learn someday since I teach for a + Microsoft Solution Provider Authorized Tech Education Center - what an + acronym...) Note: It's under Control Panel | Network | TCP/IP | WINS + Configuration there's a little text entry field called something like + + This field essentially creates 'invisible' sub-workgroups on the same + wire. Boxes can only see other boxes whose Scope IDs are set to the + exact same value - it's sometimes used by OEMs to configure their + boxes to browse only other boxes from the same vendor and, in most + environments, this field should be left blank. If you, in fact, have + something in this box that EXACT value (case-sensitive!) needs to be + provided to smbclient and nmbd as the -i (lowercase) parameter. So, if + your Scope ID is configured as the string 'SomeStr' in Win95 then + you'd have to use smbclient -iSomeStr otherparms in connecting to it. + + 3.3. How do I synchronise my PC's clock with my Samba server? + + To syncronize your PC's clock with your Samba server: + + * Copy timesync.pif to your windows directory * timesync.pif can be + found at: + http://samba.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/binaries/miscellaneous/timesync.pif + * Add timesync.pif to your 'Start Up' group/folder * Open the + properties dialog box for the program/icon * Make sure the 'Run + Minimized' option is set in program * Change the command line section + that reads \sambahost to reflect the name of your server. * Close the + properties dialog box by choosing 'OK' + + Each time you start your computer (or login for Win95) your PC will + synchronize it's clock with your Samba server. + + 3.4. Problems with WinDD, NTrigue, WinCenterPro etc + + All of the above programs are applications that sit on an NT box and + allow multiple users to access the NT GUI applications from remote + workstations (often over X). + + What has this got to do with Samba? The problem comes when these users + use filemanager to mount shares from a Samba server. The most common + symptom is that the first user to connect get correct file permissions + and has a nice day, but subsequent connections get logged in as the + same user as the first person to login. They find that they cannot + access files in their own home directory, but that they can access + files in the first users home directory (maybe not such a nice day + after all?) + + Why does this happen? The above products all share a common heritage + (and code base I believe). They all open just a single TCP based SMB + connection to the Samba server, and requests from all users are piped + over this connection. This is unfortunate, but not fatal. + + It means that if you run your Samba server in share level security + (the default) then things will definately break as described above. + The share level SMB security model has no provision for multiple user + IDs on the one SMB connection. See security_level.txt in the docs for + more info on share/user/server level security. + + If you run in user or server level security then you have a chance, + but only if you have a recent version of Samba (at least 1.9.15p6). In + older versions bugs in Samba meant you still would have had problems. + + If you have a trapdoor uid system in your OS then it will never work + properly. Samba needs to be able to switch uids on the connection and + it can't if your OS has a trapdoor uid system. You'll know this + because Samba will note it in your logs. + + Also note that you should not use the magic "homes" share name with + products like these, as otherwise all users will end up with the same + home directory. Use \serversername instead. + + 3.5. Problem with printers under NT + + This info from Stefan Hergeth hergeth@f7axp1.informatik.fh-muenchen.de + may be useful: + + A network-printer (with ethernetcard) is connected to the NT-Clients + via our UNIX-Fileserver (SAMBA-Server), like the configuration told by + Matthew Harrell harrell@leech.nrl.navy.mil (see WinNT.txt) + + 1.) If a user has choosen this printer as the default printer in his + NT-Session and this printer is not connected to the network (e.g. + switched off) than this user has a problem with the SAMBA- connection + of his filesystems. It's very slow. + + 2.) If the printer is connected to the network everything works fine. + + 3.) When the smbd ist started with debug level 3, you can see that the + NT spooling system try to connect to the printer many times. If the + printer ist not connected to the network this request fails and the NT + spooler is wasting a lot of time to connect to the printer service. + This seems to be the reason for the slow network connection. + + 4.) Maybe it's possible to change this behaviour by setting different + printer properties in the Print-Manager-Menu of NT, but i didn't try + it yet. + + 3.6. Why are my file's timestamps off by an hour, or by a few hours? + + This is from Paul Eggert eggert@twinsun.com. + + Most likely it's a problem with your time zone settings. + + Internally, Samba maintains time in traditional Unix format, namely, + the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Universal Time (or + ``GMT''), not counting leap seconds. + + On the server side, Samba uses the Unix TZ variable to convert + internal timestamps to and from local time. So on the server side, + there are two things to get right. + + 1. The Unix system clock must have the correct Universal time. Use + the shell command "sh -c 'TZ=UTC0 date'" to check this. + + 2. The TZ environment variable must be set on the server before Samba + is invoked. The details of this depend on the server OS, but + typically you must edit a file whose name is /etc/TIMEZONE or + /etc/default/init, or run the command `zic -l'. + + 3. TZ must have the correct value. + + 3a. If possible, use geographical time zone settings (e.g. + TZ='America/Los_Angeles' or perhaps TZ=':US/Pacific'). These are + supported by most popular Unix OSes, are easier to get right, and are + more accurate for historical timestamps. If your operating system has + out-of-date tables, you should be able to update them from the public + domain time zone tables at URL:ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/. + + 3b. If your system does not support geographical time zone settings, + you must use a Posix-style TZ strings, e.g. + TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2' for US Pacific time. Posix TZ strings + can take the following form (with optional items in brackets): + + StdOffsetDst[Offset,Date/Time,Date/Time] + + where: + + `Std' is the standard time designation (e.g. `PST'). + + `Offset' is the number of hours behind UTC (e.g. `8'). Prepend a `-' + if you are ahead of UTC, and append `:30' if you are at a half-hour + offset. Omit all the remaining items if you do not use daylight- + saving time. + + `Dst' is the daylight-saving time designation (e.g. `PDT'). + + The optional second `Offset' is the number of hours that daylight- + saving time is behind UTC. The default is 1 hour ahead of standard + time. + `Date/Time,Date/Time' specify when daylight-saving time starts and + ends. The format for a date is `Mm.n.d', which specifies the dth day + (0 is Sunday) of the nth week of the mth month, where week 5 means the + last such day in the month. The format for a time is hh:mm[:ss], + using a 24-hour clock. + + Other Posix string formats are allowed but you don't want to know + about them. + + On the client side, you must make sure that your client's clock and + time zone is also set appropriately. [I don't know how to do this.] + Samba traditionally has had many problems dealing with time zones, due + to the bizarre ways that Microsoft network protocols handle time + zones. A common symptom is for file timestamps to be off by an hour. + To work around the problem, try disconnecting from your Samba server + and then reconnecting to it; or upgrade your Samba server to + 1.9.16alpha10 or later. + + 3.7. How do I set the printer driver name correctly? + + Question: > On NT, I opened "Printer Manager" and "Connect to + Printer". > Enter "\ptdi270s1" + in the box of printer. I got the > following error message: > > + You do not have sufficient access to your machine > to connect to + the selected printer, since a driver > needs to be installed + locally. + + Answer: + + In the more recent versions of Samba you can now set the "printer + driver" in smb.conf. This tells the client what driver to use. For + example, I have: + + printer driver = HP LaserJet 4L + + and NT knows to use the right driver. You have to get this string + exactly right. + + To find the exact string to use, you need to get to the dialog box in + your client where you select which printer driver to install. The + correct strings for all the different printers are shown in a listbox + in that dialog box. + + You could also try setting the driver to NULL like this: + + printer driver = NULL + + this is effectively what older versions of Samba did, so if that + worked for you then give it a go. If this does work then let me know + and I'll make it the default. Currently the default is a 0 length + string. + + 4. Specific client application problems + + 4.1. MS Office Setup reports "Cannot change properties of "MSOF- + FICEUP.INI" + + When installing MS Office on a Samba drive for which you have admin + user permissions, ie. admin users = username, you will find the setup + program unable to complete the installation. + + To get around this problem, do the installation without admin user + permissions The problem is that MS Office Setup checks that a file is + rdonly by trying to open it for writing. + + Admin users can always open a file for writing, as they run as root. + You just have to install as a non-admin user and then use "chown -R" + to fix the owner. + + 5. Miscellaneous + -- cgit