Ever since Microsoft announced that they are discontinuing support for Windows NT4, Samba users started to ask for detailed instructions for how to migrate from NT4 to Samba-3. This chapter provides background information that should meet these needs. One wonders how many NT4 systems will be left in service by the time you read this book though. migration Network administrators who want to migrate off a Windows NT4 environment know one thing with certainty. They feel that NT4 has been abandoned and they want to update. The desire to get off NT4 and to not adopt Windows 200x and Active Directory is driven by a mixture of concerns over complexity, cost, fear of failure, and much more. group policies accountsuser accountsgroup accountsmachine The migration from NT4 to Samba-3 can involve a number of factors, including: migration of data to another server, migration of network environment controls such as group policies, and finally migration of the users, groups, and machine accounts. accountsDomain It should be pointed out now that it is possible to migrate some systems from Windows NT4 Domain environments to a Samba-3 Domain Environment. This is certainly not possible in every case. It is possible to just migrate the Domain accounts to Samba-3 and then to switch machines, but as a hands-off transition, this is more an exception than the rule. Most systems require some tweaking and adjusting following migration before an environment that is acceptable for immediate use is obtained. LDAP ldapsam passdb backend You are about to migrate an MS Windows NT4 Domain accounts database to a Samba-3 server. The Samba-3 server is using a passdb backend based on LDAP. The ldapsam is ideal because an LDAP backend can be distributed for use with BDCs &smbmdash; generally essential for larger networks. Your objective is to document the process of migrating user and group accounts from several NT4 Domains into a single Samba-3 LDAP backend database. snap-shot NT4 registry registrykeysSAM registrykeysSECURITY SAM Security Account ManagerSAM The migration process takes a snap-shot of information that is stored in the Windows NT4 registry based accounts database. That information resides in the Security Account Manager (SAM) portion of the NT4 Registry under keys called SAM and SECURITY. crippled inoperative The Windows NT4 registry keys called SAM and SECURITY are protected so that you cannot view the contents. If you change the security setting to reveal the contents under these hive keys, your Windows NT4 Domain is crippled. Do not do this unless you are willing to render your domain controller inoperative. migrationobjectives disruptive Before commencing an NT4 to Samba-3 migration, you should consider what your objectives are. While in some cases it is possible simply to migrate an NT4 domain to a single Samba-3 server, that may not be a good idea from an administration perspective. Since the process involves going through a certain amount of disruptive activity anyhow, why not take this as an opportunity to review the structure of the network, how Windows clients are controlled and how they interact with the network environment. networklogon scripts profiles share security descriptors MS Windows NT4 was introduced some time around 1996. Many environments in which NT4 was deployed have done little to keep the NT4 server environment up-to-date with more recent Windows releases, particularly Windows XP Professional. The migration provides opportunity to revise and update roaming profile deployment as well as folder redirection. Given that you must port the greater network configuration of this from the old NT4 server to the new Samba-3 server. Do not forget to validate the security descriptors in the profiles share as well as network logon scripts. Feedback from sites that are migrating to Samba-3 suggests that many are using this as a good time to update desktop systems also. In all, the extra effort should constitute no real disruption to users, rather with due diligence and care should make their network experience a much happier one. strategic active directory Migration of an NT4 Domain user and group database to Samba-3 involves a certain strategic element. Many sites have asked for instructions regarding merging of multiple different NT4 Domains into one Samba-3 LDAP database. It would appear that this is viewed as a significant added value compared with the alternative of migration to Windows Server 200x and Active Directory. The diagram in illustrates the effect of migration from a Windows NT4 Domain to a Samba Domain. Schematic Explaining the net rpc vampire Process ch8-migration merge passdb.tdb If you are wanting to merge multiple NT4 Domain account databases into one Samba Domain, you must now dump the contents of the first migration and edit it as appropriate. Now clean out (remove) the tdbsam backend file (passdb.tdb), or the LDAP database files. You must start each migration with a new database into which you merge your NT4 domains. dump At this point, you are ready to perform the second migration following the same steps as for the first. In other words, dump the database, edit it, and then you may merge the dump for the first and second migrations. LDAP migrate Domain SID You must be careful. If you choose to migrate to an LDAP backend, your dump file now contains the full account information, including the Domain SID. The Domain SID for each of the two NT4 Domains will be different. You must choose one, and change the Domain portion of the account SIDs so that all are the same. passdb.tdb /etc/passwd merged logon script logon hours logon machines profile path smbpasswd tdbsam LDAP backend export import If you choose to use a tdbsam (passdb.tdb) backend file, your best choice is to use pdbedit to export the contents of the tdbsam file into an smbpasswd data file. This automatically strips out all Domain specific information, such as logon hours, logon machines, logon script, profile path, as well as the Domain SID. The resulting file can be easily merged with other migration attempts (each of which must start with a clean file). It should also be noted that all users that end up in the merged smbpasswd file must have an account in /etc/passwd. The resulting smbpasswd file may be exported/imported into either a tdbsam (passdb.tdb), or else into an LDAP backend. View of Accounts in NT4 Domain User Manager UserMgrNT4 The merging of multiple Windows NT4 style Domains into a single LDAP-backend-based Samba-3 Domain may be seen by those who had power over them as a loss of prestige or a loss of power. The imposition of a single Domain may even be seen as a threat. So in migrating and merging account databases, be consciously aware of the political fall-out in which you may find yourself entangled when key staff feel a loss of prestige. The best advice that can be given to those who set out to merge NT4 Domains into one single Samba-3 Domain is to promote (sell) the action as one that reduces costs and delivers greater network interoperability and manageability. From feedback on the Samba mailing lists it would appear that most Windows NT4 migrations to Samba-3 are being performed using a new server or a new installation of a Linux or UNIX server. If you contemplate doing this also, please note that the steps that follow in this chapter assume familiarity with the information that has been previously covered in this book. The reader is particularly encouraged to be familiar with , and . You can present here the steps and example output for two NT4 to Samba-3 Domain migrations. The first uses an LDAP-based backend, and the second uses a tdbsam backend. In each case the scripts you specify in the &smb.conf; file for the add user script collection of parameters are used to effect the addition of accounts into the passdb backend. Before proceeding to NT4 migration using either a tdbsam or ldapsam it is most strongly recommended to review for DNS and DHCP configuration. The importance of correctly functioning name resolution must be recognized. This applies equally for hostname as for NetBIOS names (machine names, computer names, domain names, workgroup names &smbmdash; ALL names!). The migration process involves the following steps: Prepare the target Samba-3 server. This involves configuring Samba-3 for migration to either a tdbsam or an ldapsam backend. uppercase Posix lower-case Clean up the source NT4 PDC. Delete all accounts that need not be migrated. Delete all files that should not be migrated. Where possible, change NT Group names so there are no spaces or uppercase characters. This is important if the target UNIX host insists on Posix compliant all lower-case user and group names. Step through the migration process. PDC Remove the NT4 PDC from the network. Upgrade the Samba-3 server from a BDC to a PDC, and validate all account information. It may help to use the above outline as a pre-migration check-list. In this example, the migration is of an NT4 PDC to a Samba-3 PDC with an LDAP backend. The accounts about to be migrated are shown in . In this example use is made of the smbldap-tools scripts to add the accounts that are migrated into the ldapsam passdb backend. Four scripts are essential to the migration process. There are other scripts that will be required for daily management, but these are not critical to migration. The critical scripts are dependant on which passdb backend is being used. Refer to to see which scripts must be provided so that the migration process can complete. Verify that you have correctly specified in the &smb.conf; file the scripts, and arguments that should be passed to them, before attempting to perform the account migration. Note also that the deletion scripts must be commented out during migration. These should be uncommented following successful migration of the NT4 Domain accounts. Under absolutely no situations should the Samba daemons be started until instructed to do so. Delete the /etc/samba/secrets.tdb file and all Samba control tdb files before commencing the following configuration steps. Entity ldapsam Script tdbsam Script Add User Accounts smbldap-useradd useradd Delete User Accounts smbldap-userdel userdel Add Group Accounts smbldap-groupadd groupadd Delete Group Accounts smbldap-groupdel groupdel Add User to Group smbldap-groupmod usermod (See Note) Add Machine Accounts smbldap-useradd useradd usermod groupmem smbldap-tools The UNIX/Linux usermod utility does not permit simple user addition to (or deletion of users from) groups. This is a feature provided by the smbldap-tools scripts. If you want this capability you will need to create your own tool to do this. Alternately, you can search the web to locate a utility called groupmem (by George Kraft) that provides this functionality. The groupmem utility was contributed to the shadow package but has not surfaced in the formal commands provided by Linux distributions (March 2004). tdbdump The tdbdump utility is a utility that you can build from the Samba source code tree. Not all Linux binary distributions include this tool. If it is missing from your Linux distribution you will need to build this yourself, or else for-go its use. User Manager Before starting the migration, all dead accounts were removed from the NT4 domain using the User Manager for Domains. Configure the Samba &smb.conf; file to create a BDC. An example configuration is given in . The delete scripts are commented out so that during the process of migration no account information can be deleted. # Global parameters [global] workgroup = DAMNATION netbios name = MERLIN passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://localhost username map = /etc/samba/smbusers log level = 1 syslog = 0 log file = /var/log/samba/%m max log size = 0 smb ports = 139 445 name resolve order = wins bcast hosts show add printer wizard = Yes add user script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-useradd -m '%u' # delete user script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-userdel '%u' add group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p '%g' -t domain # delete group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupdel '%g' add user to group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m '%u' '%g' -t domain # delete user from group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x '%u' '%g' -t domain set primary group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g '%g' '%u' add machine script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-useradd -w '%u' logon script = scripts\logon.cmd logon path = \\%L\profiles\%U logon home = \\%L\%U logon drive = X: domain logons = Yes domain master = No # wins support = Yes wins server = 192.168.123.124 ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org ldap group suffix = ou=Groups ldap idmap suffix = ou=Idmap ldap machine suffix = ou=People ldap passwd sync = Yes ldap suffix = dc=terpstra-world,dc=org ldap ssl = no ldap timeout = 20 ldap user suffix = ou=People idmap backend = ldap:ldap://localhost idmap uid = 15000-20000 idmap gid = 15000-20000 winbind nested groups = Yes ea support = Yes map acl inherit = Yes [apps] comment = Application Data path = /data/home/apps read only = No [media] comment = Media Files path = /data/home2 read only = No [homes] comment = Home Directories path = /home/users/%U/Documents valid users = %S read only = No browseable = No [printers] comment = SMB Print Spool path = /var/spool/samba guest ok = Yes printable = Yes use client driver = No browseable = No [netlogon] comment = Network Logon Service path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon guest ok = Yes locking = No [profiles] comment = Profile Share path = /var/lib/samba/profiles read only = No profile acls = Yes [profdata] comment = Profile Data Share path = /var/lib/samba/profdata read only = No profile acls = Yes [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/drivers write list = root slapd.conf Configure OpenLDAP in preparation for the migration. An example sladp.conf file is shown in . The rootpw value is an encrypted password string that can be obtained by executing the slappasswd command. include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/samba3.schema pidfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid argsfile /var/run/slapd/slapd.args access to dn.base="" by self write by * auth access to attr=userPassword by self write by * auth access to attr=shadowLastChange by self write by * read access to * by * read by anonymous auth #loglevel 256 #schemacheck on idletimeout 30 #backend bdb database bdb checkpoint 1024 5 cachesize 10000 suffix "dc=terpstra-world,dc=org" rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org" # rootpw = not24get rootpw {SSHA}86kTavd9Dw3FAz6qzWTrCOKX/c0Qe+UV directory /var/lib/ldap # Indices to maintain index objectClass eq index cn pres,sub,eq index sn pres,sub,eq index uid pres,sub,eq index displayName pres,sub,eq index uidNumber eq index gidNumber eq index memberUID eq index sambaSID eq index sambaPrimaryGroupSID eq index sambaDomainName eq index default sub nss_ldap /etc/ldap.conf Install the PADL nss_ldap tool set, then configure the /etc/ldap.conf as shown in . host 127.0.0.1 base dc=terpstra-world,dc=org ldap_version 3 binddn cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org bindpw not24get pam_password exop nss_base_passwd ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org?one nss_base_shadow ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org?one nss_base_group ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org?one ssl off /etc/nsswitch.conf Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file so it has the entries shown in . Note that the LDAP entries have been commented out. This is deliberate. If these entries are active (not commented out), and the /etc/ldap.conf file has been configured, when the LDAP server is started, the process of starting the LDAP server will cause LDAP lookups. This causes the LDAP server slapd to hang because it finds port 389 open and therefore can not gain exclusive control of it. By commenting these entries out it is possible to avoid this grid-lock situation and thus the over-all installation and configuration will progress more smoothly. passwd: files #ldap shadow: files #ldap group: files #ldap hosts: files dns wins networks: files dns services: files protocols: files rpc: files ethers: files netmasks: files netgroup: files publickey: files bootparams: files automount: files nis aliases: files #passwd_compat: ldap #Not needed. #group_compat: ldap #Not needed. Validate the the target NT4 PDC name is being correctly resolved to its IP address by executing the following: &rootprompt; ping transgression PING transgression.terpstra-world.org (192.168.1.5) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from (192.168.1.5): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.159 ms 64 bytes from (192.168.1.5): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.192 ms 64 bytes from (192.168.1.5): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.141 ms --- transgression.terpstra-world.org ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.141/0.164/0.192/0.021 ms Do not proceed to the next step if this step fails. It is imperative that the name of the PDC can be resolved to its IP address. If this is broken, fix it. Pull the Domain SID from the NT4 Domain that is being migrated as follows: &rootprompt; net rpc getsid -S TRANGRESSION -U Administrator%not24get Storing SID S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635 \ for Domain DAMNATION in secrets.tdb Another way to obtain the domain SID from the target NT4 domain that is being migrated to Samba-3 by executing the following: &rootprompt; net rpc info -S TRANSGRESSION If this method is used, do not forget to store the SID obtained into the secrets.tdb file. This can be done by executing: &rootprompt; net setlocalsid S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635 Idealx configure.pl /opt/IDEALX/sbin smbldap-tools Install the Idealx smbldap-tools software package following the instructions given in . The resulting perl scripts should be located in the /opt/IDEALX/sbin directory. Change into that location, or where ever the scripts have been installed. Execute the configure.pl script to configure the Idealx package for use. Note: Use the Domain SID obtained from the step above. The following is an example configuration session: merlin:/opt/IDEALX/sbin # ./configure.pl -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- smbldap-tools script configuration -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Before starting, check . if your samba controller is up and running. . if the domain SID is defined (you can get it with the 'net getlocalsid') . you can leave the configuration using the Crtl-c key combination . empty value can be set with the "." character -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Looking for configuration files... Samba Config File Location [/etc/samba/smb.conf] > smbldap Config file Location (global parameters) [/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf] > smbldap Config file Location (bind parameters) [/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf] > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Let's start configuring the smbldap-tools scripts ... . workgroup name: name of the domain Samba act as a PDC workgroup name [DAMNATION] > . netbios name: netbios name of the samba controller netbios name [MERLIN] > . logon drive: local path to which the home directory will be connected (for NT Workstations). Ex: 'H:' logon drive [X:] > H: . logon home: home directory location (for Win95/98 or NT Workstation). (use %U as username) Ex:'\\MERLIN\home\%U' logon home (leave blank if you don't want homeDirectory) [\\MERLIN\home\%U] > \\%L\%U . logon path: directory where roaming profiles are stored. Ex:'\\MERLIN\profiles\%U' logon path (leave blank if you don't want roaming profile) [\\MERLIN\profiles\%U] > \\%L\profiles\%U . home directory prefix (use %U as username) [/home/%U] > /home/users/%U . default user netlogon script (use %U as username) [%U.cmd] > scripts\logon.cmd default password validation time (time in days) [45] > 180 . ldap suffix [dc=terpstra-world,dc=org] > . ldap group suffix [ou=Groups] > . ldap user suffix [ou=People] > . ldap machine suffix [ou=People] > . Idmap suffix [ou=Idmap] > . sambaUnixIdPooldn: object where you want to store the next uidNumber and gidNumber available for new users and groups sambaUnixIdPooldn object (relative to ${suffix}) [cn=NextFreeUnixId] > sambaDomainName=DAMNATION . ldap master server: IP address or DNS name of the master (writable) ldap server ldap master server [] > 127.0.0.1 . ldap master port [389] > . ldap master bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org] > . ldap master bind password [] > . ldap slave server: IP address or DNS name of the slave ldap server: can also be the master one ldap slave server [] > 127.0.0.1 . ldap slave port [389] > . ldap slave bind dn [cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org] > . ldap slave bind password [] > . ldap tls support (1/0) [0] > . SID for domain DAMNATION: SID of the domain (can be obtained with 'net getlocalsid MERLIN') SID for domain DAMNATION [] > S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635 . unix password encryption: encryption used for unix passwords unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA) [SSHA] > MD5 . default user gidNumber [513] > . default computer gidNumber [515] > . default login shell [/bin/bash] > . default domain name to append to mail address [] > terpstra-world.org -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= backup old configuration files: /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf-> /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf.old /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf-> /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf.old writing new configuration file: /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf done. /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf done. sambaDomainName Note that the NT4 domain SID that was previously obtained was entered above. Also, the sambaUnixIdPooldn object was specified as: sambaDomainName=DAMNATION. This is the location into which the Idealx smbldap-tools store the next available UID/GID information. It is also where Samba stores domain specific information such as the next RID, the SID, and so on. Start the LDAP server using the system interface script. On Novell SLES9 this is done as shown here: &rootprompt; rcldap start Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf file so it has the entries shown in . Note that the LDAP entries have now been uncommented. passwd: files ldap shadow: files ldap group: files ldap hosts: files dns wins networks: files dns services: files protocols: files rpc: files ethers: files netmasks: files netgroup: files publickey: files bootparams: files automount: files nis aliases: files #passwd_compat: ldap #Not needed. #group_compat: ldap #Not needed. The LDAP management password must be installed into the secrets.tdb file as follows: &rootprompt; smbpasswd -w not24get Setting stored password for "cn=Manager,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org" in secrets.tdb Populate the LDAP directory as shown here: &rootprompt; /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-populate -a root -k 0 -m 0 Using workgroup name from sambaUnixIdPooldn (smbldap.conf): sambaDomainName=DAMNATION Using builtin directory structure adding new entry: dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org entry ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org already exist. adding new entry: ou=Idmap,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: sambaDomainName=DAMNATION,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: uid=root,ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: uid=nobody,ou=People,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Domain Admins,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Domain Users,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Domain Guests,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Domain Computers,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Administrators,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Print Operators,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Backup Operators,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org adding new entry: cn=Replicators,ou=Groups,dc=terpstra-world,dc=org The script tries to add the ou=People container twice, hence the error message. This is expected behavior. Novell SUSE SLES 9 Restart the LDAP server following initialization of the LDAP directory. Execute the system control script provided on your system. The following steps can be used on Novell SUSE SLES 9: &rootprompt; rcldap restart &rootprompt; chkconfig ldap on Verify that the new user accounts that have been added to the LDAP directory can be resolved as follows: &rootprompt; getent passwd ... nobody:x:65534:65533:nobody:/var/lib/nobody:/bin/bash man:x:13:62:Manual pages viewer:/var/cache/man:/bin/bash news:x:9:13:News system:/etc/news:/bin/bash uucp:x:10:14:Unix-to-Unix CoPy system:/etc/uucp:/bin/bash +::0:0::: root:x:0:0:Netbios Domain Administrator:/home/users/root:/bin/false nobody:x:999:514:nobody:/dev/null:/bin/false Now repeat this for the group accounts as shown here: &rootprompt; getent group ... nobody:x:65533: nogroup:x:65534:nobody users:x:100: +::0: Domain Admins:x:512:root Domain Users:x:513: Domain Guests:x:514: Domain Computers:x:515: Administrators:x:544: Print Operators:x:550: Backup Operators:x:551: Replicators:x:552: In both cases above the LDAP accounts follow the +::0: entry. Now it is time to join the Samba BDC to the target NT4 domain that is being migrated to Samba-3 by executing the following: &rootprompt; net rpc join -S TRANSGRESSION -U Administrator%not24get merlin:/opt/IDEALX/sbin # net rpc join -S TRANSGRESSION \ -U Administrator%not24get Joined domain DAMNATION. Set the new domain administrator (root) password for both UNIX and Windows as shown here: &rootprompt; /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-passwd root Changing password for root New password : ******** Retype new password : ******** Note: During account migration the Windows Administrator account will not be migrated to the Samba server. Now validate that these accounts can be resolved using Samba's tools as shown here for user accounts: &rootprompt; pdbedit -Lw root:0:84B0D8E14D158FF8417EAF50CFAC29C3: AF6DD3FD4E2EA8BDE1695A3F05EFBF52:[U ]:LCT-425F6467: nobody:65534:NO PASSWORDXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX: NO PASSWORDXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:[NU ]:LCT-00000000: Now complete the following step to validate that group account mappings have been correctly set: &rootprompt; net groupmap list Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-512) -> Domain Admins Domain Users (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-513) -> Domain Users Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-514) -> Domain Guests Domain Computers (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-515) -> Domain Computers Administrators (S-1-5-32-544) -> Administrators Print Operators (S-1-5-32-550) -> Print Operators Backup Operators (S-1-5-32-551) -> Backup Operators Replicators (S-1-5-32-552) -> Replicators The above are the expected results for a correctly configured system. Commence migration as shown here: &rootprompt; net rpc vampire -S TRANSGRESSION \ -U Administrator%not24get > /tmp/vampire.log 2>1 Check the vampire log to confirm that only expected errors have been reported. See . The migration of user accounts can be quickly validated as follows: &rootprompt; pdbedit -Lw root:0:84B0D8E14D158FF8417EAF50CFAC29C3:... nobody:65534:NO PASSWORDXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:... Administrator:0:84B0D8E14D158FF8417EAF50CFAC29C3:... Guest:1:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:... TRANSGRESSION$:2:CC044B748CEE294CE76B6B0D1B86C1A8:... IUSR_TRANSGRESSION:3:64046AC81B056C375F9537FC409085F8:... MIDEARTH$:4:E93186E5819706D2AAD3B435B51404EE:... atrickhoffer:5:DC08CFE0C12B2867352502E32A407F23:... barryf:6:B829BCDE01FF24376E45D5F10408CFBD:... fsellerby:7:6A97CBEBE8F9826B417EAF50CFAC29C3:... gdaison:8:48F6A8C8A900024351DA8C2061C5F1D3:... hrambotham:9:7330D9EA0964465EAAD3B435B51404EE:... jrhapsody:10:ACBA7D207E2BA35D9BD41A26B01626BD:... maryk:11:293B5A4CA41F6CA1A7D80430B8342B73:... jacko:12:8E8982D86BD037C364BBD09A598E07AD:... bridge:13:0D2CA7D2BE67FE2193BE3A377C968336:... sharpec:14:8841A75CAC19D2855D8B73B1F4D430F8:... jimbo:15:6E8BDC904FD9EC5C17306D272A9441BB:... dhenwick:16:D1694A03C33584BDAAD3B435B51404EE:... dork:17:69E2D19E69A593D5AAD3B435B51404EE:... blue:18:E355EBF9559979FEAAD3B435B51404EE:... billw:19:EE35C3481CF7F7DB484448BC86A641A5:... rfreshmill:20:7EC033B58661B60CAAD3B435B51404EE:... MAGGOT$:21:A3B9334765AD30F7AAD3B435B51404EE:... TRENTWARE$:22:1D92C8DD5E7F0DDF93BE3A377C968336:... MORTON$:23:89342E69DCA9D3F8AAD3B435B51404EE:... NARM$:24:2B93E2D1D25448BDAAD3B435B51404EE:... LAPDOG$:25:14AA535885120943AAD3B435B51404EE:... SCAVENGER$:26:B6288EB6D147B56F8963805A19B0ED49:... merlin$:27:820C50523F368C54AB9D85AE603AD09D:... The mapping of UNIX and Windows groups can be validated as show here: &rootprompt; net groupmap list Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-512) -> Domain Admins Domain Users (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-513) -> Domain Users Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-514) -> Domain Guests Domain Computers (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-515) -> Domain Computers Administrators (S-1-5-32-544) -> Administrators Print Operators (S-1-5-32-550) -> Print Operators Backup Operators (S-1-5-32-551) -> Backup Operators Replicator (S-1-5-32-552) -> Replicators Engineers (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1020) -> Engineers Marketoids (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1022) -> Marketoids Gnomes (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1023) -> Gnomes Catalyst (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1024) -> Catalyst Recieving (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1025) -> Recieving Rubberboot (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1026) -> Rubberboot Sales (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1027) -> Sales Accounting (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1028) -> Accounting Shipping (S-1-5-21-1385457007-882775198-1210191635-1029) -> Shipping Account Operators (S-1-5-32-548) -> Account Operators Guests (S-1-5-32-546) -> Guests Server Operators (S-1-5-32-549) -> Server Operators Users (S-1-5-32-545) -> Users It is of vital importance that the domain SID portion of all group accounts are identical. The final responsibility in the migration process is to create identical shares and printing resources on the new Samba-3 server, copy all data across, set up privileges and set share and file/directory access controls. domain master PDC Edit the &smb.conf; file to reset the parameter Yes so that the Samba server functions as a PDC for the purpose of migration. Also, uncomment the deletion scripts so they will now be fully functional, enable the wins support = yes parameter and comment out the wins server. Validate the configuration with the testparm utility as shown here: &rootprompt; testparm Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf Processing section "[apps]" Processing section "[media]" Processing section "[homes]" Processing section "[printers]" Processing section "[netlogon]" Processing section "[profiles]" Processing section "[profdata]" Processing section "[print$]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_DOMAIN_PDC Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions Now shut down the old NT4 PDC. Only when the old NT4 PDC and all NT4 BDCs have been shut down can the Samba-3 PDC be started. All workstations should function as they did with the old NT4 PDC. All inter-domain trust accounts should remain in place and fully functional. All machine accounts and user logon accounts should also function correctly. The configuration of Samba-3 BDC servers can be accomplished now, or at any convenient time in the future. Please refer to the carefully detailed process for doing this that has been outlined in . The following vampire.log file is typical of a valid migration. adding user Administrator to group Domain Admins adding user atrickhoffer to group Engineers adding user dhenwick to group Engineers adding user dork to group Engineers adding user rfreshmill to group Marketoids adding user jacko to group Gnomes adding user jimbo to group Gnomes adding user maryk to group Gnomes adding user gdaison to group Gnomes adding user dhenwick to group Catalyst adding user jacko to group Catalyst adding user jacko to group Recieving adding user blue to group Recieving adding user hrambotham to group Rubberboot adding user billw to group Sales adding user bridge to group Sales adding user jrhapsody to group Sales adding user maryk to group Sales adding user rfreshmill to group Sales adding user fsellerby to group Sales adding user sharpec to group Sales adding user jimbo to group Accounting adding user gdaison to group Accounting adding user jacko to group Shipping adding user blue to group Shipping Fetching DOMAIN database Creating unix group: 'Engineers' Creating unix group: 'Marketoids' Creating unix group: 'Gnomes' Creating unix group: 'Catalyst' Creating unix group: 'Recieving' Creating unix group: 'Rubberboot' Creating unix group: 'Sales' Creating unix group: 'Accounting' Creating unix group: 'Shipping' Creating account: Administrator Creating account: Guest Creating account: TRANSGRESSION$ Creating account: IUSR_TRANSGRESSION Creating account: MIDEARTH$ Creating account: atrickhoffer Creating account: barryf Creating account: fsellerby Creating account: gdaison Creating account: hrambotham Creating account: jrhapsody Creating account: maryk Creating account: jacko Creating account: bridge Creating account: sharpec Creating account: jimbo Creating account: dhenwick Creating account: dork Creating account: blue Creating account: billw Creating account: rfreshmill Creating account: MAGGOT$ Creating account: TRENTWARE$ Creating account: MORTON$ Creating account: NARM$ Creating account: LAPDOG$ Creating account: SCAVENGER$ Creating account: merlin$ Group members of Domain Admins: Administrator, Group members of Domain Users: Administrator(primary), TRANSGRESSION$(primary),IUSR_TRANSGRESSION(primary), MIDEARTH$(primary),atrickhoffer(primary),barryf(primary), fsellerby(primary),gdaison(primary),hrambotham(primary), jrhapsody(primary),maryk(primary),jacko(primary),bridge(primary), sharpec(primary),jimbo(primary),dhenwick(primary),dork(primary), blue(primary),billw(primary),rfreshmill(primary),MAGGOT$(primary), TRENTWARE$(primary),MORTON$(primary),NARM$(primary), LAPDOG$(primary),SCAVENGER$(primary),merlin$(primary), Group members of Domain Guests: Guest(primary), Group members of Engineers: atrickhoffer,dhenwick,dork, Group members of Marketoids: rfreshmill, Group members of Gnomes: jacko,jimbo,maryk,gdaison, Group members of Catalyst: dhenwick,jacko, Group members of Recieving: jacko,blue, Group members of Rubberboot: hrambotham, Group members of Sales: billw,bridge,jrhapsody,maryk, rfreshmill,fsellerby,sharpec, Group members of Accounting: jimbo,gdaison, Group members of Shipping: jacko,blue, Fetching BUILTIN database skipping SAM_DOMAIN_INFO delta for 'Builtin' (is not my domain) Creating unix group: 'Account Operators' Creating unix group: 'Guests' Creating unix group: 'Server Operators' Creating unix group: 'Users' In this example, you have chosen to change the Domain name of the NT4 server from DRUGPREP to MEGANET prior to the use of the vampire (migration) tool. This migration process makes use of Linux system tools (like useradd) to add the accounts that are migrated into the UNIX/Linux /etc/passwd, and /etc/group databases. These entries must therefore be present, and correct options specified, in your &smb.conf; file or else the migration does not work as it should. Prepare a Samba-3 server precisely per the instructions shown in Chapter 5. Set the workgroup name to MEGANET. domain master BDC Edit the &smb.conf; file to temporarily change the parameter No so the Samba server functions as a BDC for the purpose of migration. Start Samba as you have done previously. net rpc join Join the NT4 Domain as a BDC, as shown here: &rootprompt; net rpc join -S oldnt4pdc -W MEGANET -UAdministrator%not24get Joined domain MEGANET. net rpc vampire You may vampire the accounts from the NT4 PDC by executing the command, as shown here: &rootprompt; net rpc vampire -S oldnt4pdc -U Administrator%not24get Fetching DOMAIN database SAM_DELTA_DOMAIN_INFO not handled Creating unix group: 'Domain Admins' Creating unix group: 'Domain Users' Creating unix group: 'Domain Guests' Creating unix group: 'Engineers' Creating unix group: 'Marketoids' Creating unix group: 'Account Operators' Creating unix group: 'Administrators' Creating unix group: 'Backup Operators' Creating unix group: 'Guests' Creating unix group: 'Print Operators' Creating unix group: 'Replicator' Creating unix group: 'Server Operators' Creating unix group: 'Users' Creating account: Administrator Creating account: Guest Creating account: oldnt4pdc$ Creating account: jacko Creating account: maryk Creating account: bridge Creating account: sharpec Creating account: jimbo Creating account: dhenwick Creating account: dork Creating account: blue Creating account: billw Creating account: massive$ Group members of Engineers: Administrator, sharpec(primary),bridge,billw(primary),dhenwick Group members of Marketoids: Administrator,jacko(primary), maryk(primary),jimbo,blue(primary),dork(primary) Creating unix group: 'Gnomes' Fetching BUILTIN database SAM_DELTA_DOMAIN_INFO not handled pdbedit At this point, we can validate our migration. Let's look at the accounts in the form as they would be seen in a smbpasswd file. This achieves that: &rootprompt; pdbedit -Lw Administrator:505:84B0D8E14D158FF8417EAF50CFAC29C3: AF6DD3FD4E2EA8BDE1695A3F05EFBF52:[UX ]:LCT-3DF7AA9F: jimbo:512:6E9A2A51F64A1BD5C187B8085FE1D9DF: CDF7E305E639966E489A0CEFB95EE5E0:[UX ]:LCT-3E9362BC: sharpec:511:E4301A7CD8FDD1EC6BBF9BC19CDF8151: 7000255938831D5B948C95C1931534C5:[UX ]:LCT-3E8B42C4: dhenwick:513:DCD8886141E3F892AAD3B435B51404EE: 2DB36465949CB938DD98C312EFDC2639:[UX ]:LCT-3E939F41: bridge:510:3FE6873A43101B46417EAF50CFAC29C3: 891741F481AF111B4CAA09A94016BD01:[UX ]:LCT-3E8B4291: blue:515:256D41D2559BB3D2AAD3B435B51404EE: 9CCADDA4F7D281DD0FAD321478C6F971:[UX ]:LCT-3E939FDC: diamond$:517:6C8E7B64EDCDBC4218B6345447A4454B: 3323AC63C666CFAACB60C13F65D54E9A:[S ]:LCT-00000000: oldnt4pdc$:507:3E39430CDCABB5B09ED320D0448AE568: 95DBAF885854A919C7C7E671060478B9:[S ]:LCT-3DF7AA9F: Guest:506:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:[DUX ]:LCT-3E93A008: billw:516:85380CA7C21B6EBE168C8150662AF11B: 5D7478508293709937E55FB5FBA14C17:[UX ]:LCT-3FED7CA1: dork:514:78C70DDEC35A35B5AAD3B435B51404EE: 0AD886E015AC595EC0AF40E6C9689E1A:[UX ]:LCT-3E939F9A: jacko:508:BC472F3BF9A0A5F63832C92FC614B7D1: 0C6822AAF85E86600A40DC73E40D06D5:[UX ]:LCT-3E8B4242: maryk:509:3636AB7E12EBE79AB79AE2610DD89D4C: CF271B744F7A55AFDA277FF88D80C527:[UX ]:LCT-3E8B4270: pdbedit An expanded view of a user account entry shows more of what was obtained from the NT4 PDC: sleeth:~ # pdbedit -Lv maryk Unix username: maryk NT username: maryk Account Flags: [UX ] User SID: S-1-5-21-1988699175-926296742-1295600288-1003 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1988699175-926296742-1295600288-1007 Full Name: Mary Kathleen Home Directory: \\diamond\maryk HomeDir Drive: X: Logon Script: scripts\logon.bat Profile Path: \\diamond\profiles\maryk Domain: MEGANET Account desc: Peace Maker Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT Kickoff time: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT Password last set: Wed, 02 Apr 2003 13:05:04 GMT Password can change: 0 Password must change: Mon, 18 Jan 2038 20:14:07 GMT net group And this command lists the long names of the groups that have been imported (vampired) from the NT4 PDC: &rootprompt; net group -l -Uroot%not24get -Smassive Group name Comment ----------------------------- Engineers Snake Oil Engineers Marketoids Untrustworthy Hype Vendors Gnomes Plain Vanilla Garden Gnomes Replicator Supports file replication in a domain Guests Users granted guest access to the computer/domain Administrators Members can fully administer the computer/domain Users Ordinary users Everything looks well and in order. domain master PDC Edit the &smb.conf; file to reset the parameter Yes so the Samba server functions as a PDC for the purpose of migration. Migration of an NT4 PDC database to a Samba-3 PDC is possible. An LDAP backend is a suitable vehicle for NT4 migrations. A tdbsam backend can be used to perform a migration. Multiple NT4 Domains can be merged into a single Samba-3 Domain. The net Samba-3 Domain most likely requires some administration and updating before going live. clean database Why must I start each migration with a clean database? merge This is a recommendation that permits the data from each NT4 Domain to be kept separate until you are ready to merge them. Also, if you do not do this, you may find errors due to users or groups from multiple Domains having the same name, but different SIDs. It is better to permit each migration to complete without undue errors and then to handle the merging of vampired data under proper supervision. Domain SID Is it possible to set my Domain SID to anything I like? auto-generated SID SID Domain SID Yes, so long as the SID you create has the same structure as an auto-generated SID. The typical SID looks like this: S-1-5-21-XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX, where the XXXXXXXXXX can be any number with from 6 to 10 digits. On the other hand, why would you really want to create your own SID? I cannot think of a good reason. You may want to set the SID to one that is already in use somewhere on your network, but that is a little different from straight out creating your own Domain SID. /etc/passwd /etc/group tdbsam passdb backend accounts user accounts group accounts Domain When using a tdbsam passdb backend, why must I have all Domain user and group accounts in /etc/passwd and /etc/group? UID GID smbpasswd /etc/passwd Posix LDAP database Samba-3 must be able to tie all user and group account SIDs to a UNIX UID or GID. Samba does not fabricate the UNIX IDs from thin air, but rather requires them to be located in a suitable place. When migrating a smbpasswd file to an LDAP backend, the UID of each account is taken together with the account information in the /etc/passwd and both sets of data are used to create the account entry in the LDAP database. If you elect to create the POSIX account also, the entire UNIX account is copied to the LDAP backend. The same occurs with NT groups and UNIX groups. At the conclusion of migration to the LDAP database, the accounts may be removed from the UNIX database files. In short then, all UNIX and Windows networking accounts, both in tdbsam as well as in LDAP, require UIDs/GIDs. validate connectivity migration Why did you validate connectivity before attempting migration? Access validation before attempting to migrate NT4 Domain accounts helps to pin-point potential problems that may otherwise affect or impede account migration. I am always mindful of the 4P's of migration &smbmdash; Planning Prevents Poor Performance. How would you merge 10 tdbsam-based domains into an LDAP database? risk dump tdbsam Samba Domain UID GID pdbedit transfer smbpasswd LDAP tool If you have 10 tdbsam Samba Domains, there is considerable risk that there are a number of accounts that have the same UNIX identifier (UID/GID). This means that you almost certainly have to edit a lot of data. It would be easiest to dump each database in smbpasswd file format and then manually edit all records to ensure that each has a unique UID. Each file can then be imported a number of ways. You can use the pdbedit tool, to affect a transfer from the smbpasswd file to LDAP, or you can migrate them en masse to tdbsam and then to LDAP. The final choice is yours. Just remember to verify all accounts that you have migrated before handing over access to a user. After all, too many users with a bad migration experience may threaten your career. machine accounts accounts machine I want to change my Domain name after I migrate all accounts from an NT4 Domain to a Samba-3 Domain. Does it make any sense to migrate the machine accounts in that case? registry un-join rejoin tattooing I would recommend not. The machine accounts should still work, but there are registry entries on each Windows NT4 and upward client that have a tattoo of the old domain name. If you un-join the domain and then rejoin the newly renamed Samba-3 Domain, you can be certain to avoid this tattooing effect. multiple group mappings After merging multiple NT4 Domains into a Samba-3 Domain, I lost all multiple group mappings. Why? /etc/passwd /etc/group Samba-3 currently does not implement multiple group membership internally. If you use the Windows NT4 Domain User Manager to manage accounts and you have an LDAP backend, the multiple group membership is stored in the Posix groups area. If you use either tdbsam or smbpasswd backend, then multiple group membership is handled through the UNIX groups file. When you dump the user accounts no group account information is provided. When you edit (change) UIDs and GIDs in each file to which you migrated the NT4 Domain data, do not forget to edit the UNIX /etc/passwd and /etc/group information also. That is where the multiple group information is most closely at your fingertips. How can I reset group membership after loading the account information into the LDAP database? SRVTOOLS.EXE You can use the NT4 Domain User Manager that can be downloaded from the Microsoft Web site. The installation file is called SRVTOOLS.EXE. group names What are the limits or constraints that apply to group names? limit shadow-utils groupadd groupdel groupmod account names A Windows 200x group name can be up to 254 characters long, while in Windows NT4 the group name is limited to 20 characters. Most UNIX systems limit this to 32 characters. Windows groups can contain upper- and lower-case characters, as well as spaces. Many UNIX system do not permit the use of upper-case characters, and some do not permit the space character either. A number of systems (i.e., Linux) work fine with both upper-case and space characters in group names, but the shadow-utils package that provides the group control functions (groupadd, groupmod, groupdel, and so on) do not permit them. Also, a number of UNIX systems management tools enforce their own particular interpretation of the Posix standards, and likewise do not permit upper-case or space characters in group or user account names. You have to experiment with your system to find what its peculiarities are. vampire My Windows NT4 PDC has 323,000 user accounts. How long will it take to migrate them to a Samba-3 LDAP backend system using the vampire process? UNIX UIDs and GIDs on most UNIX systems use an unsigned short or an unsigned integer. Recent Linux kernels support at least a much larger number. On systems that have a 16-bit constraint on UID/GIDs, you would not be able to migrate 323,000 accounts because this number can not fit into a 16-bit unsigned integer. UNIX/Linux systems that have a 32-bit UID/GID can easily handle this number of accounts. Please check this carefully before you attempt to effect a migration using the vampire process. Migration speed Migration speed depends much on the processor speed, the network speed, disk I/O capability, and LDAP update overheads. On a dual processor AMD MP1600+ with 1 GB memory, that was mirroring LDAP to a second identical system over 1 gigabit ethernet, I was able to migrate around 180 user accounts per minute. Migration would obviously go much faster if LDAP mirroring is turned off during the migration.