&author.jht; April 21, 2003 There are many and varied opinions regarding the usefulness of SWAT. No matter how hard one tries to produce the perfect configuration tool, it remains an object of personal taste. SWAT is a tool that will allow Web-based configuration of Samba. It has a wizard that may help to get Samba configured quickly, it has context-sensitive help on each &smb.conf; parameter, it provides for monitoring of current state of connection information, and it allows network-wide MS Windows network password management. SWAT is a facility that is part of the Samba suite. The main executable is called swat and is invoked by the inter-networking super daemon. See appropriate section for details. SWAT uses integral samba components to locate parameters supported by the particular version of Samba. Unlike tools and utilities that are external to Samba, SWAT is always up to date as known Samba parameters change. SWAT provides context-sensitive help for each configuration parameter, directly from man page entries. There are network administrators who believe that it is a good idea to write systems documentation inside configuration files, and for them SWAT will always be a nasty tool. SWAT does not store the configuration file in any intermediate form, rather, it stores only the parameter settings, so when SWAT writes the &smb.conf; file to disk, it will write only those parameters that are at other than the default settings. The result is that all comments, as well as parameters that are no longer supported, will be lost from the &smb.conf; file. Additionally, the parameters will be written back in internal ordering. Before using SWAT, please be warned &smbmdash; SWAT will completely replace your &smb.conf; with a fully-optimized file that has been stripped of all comments you might have placed there and only non-default settings will be written to the file. This section aims to unlock the dark secrets behind how SWAT may be made to work, may be made more secure, and how to solve Internationalization support problems. The very first step that should be taken before attempting to configure a host system for SWAT operation is to check that it is installed. This may seem a trivial point to some, however several Linux distributions do not install SWAT by default, even though they do ship an install-able binary support package containing SWAT on the distribution media. When you have confirmed that SWAT is installed it is necessary to validate that the installation includes the binary swat file as well as all the supporting text and Web files. A number of operating system distributions in the past have failed to include the necessary support files, even though the swat binary executable file was installed. Finally, when you are sure that SWAT has been fully installed, please check the SWAT has been enabled in the control file for the inter-networking super-daemon (inetd or xinetd) that is used on your operating system platform. To validate that SWAT is installed, first locate the swat binary file on the system. It may be found under the following directories: /usr/local/samba/bin &smbmdash; the default Samba location. /usr/sbin &smbmdash; the default location on most Linux systems. /opt/samba/bin The actual location is much dependant on the choice of the operating system vendor, or as determined by the administrator who compiled and installed Samba. There are a number methods that may be used to locate the swat binary file. The following methods may be helpful: If swat is in your current operating system search path it will be easy to find it. You can ask what are the command-line options for swat as shown here: frodo:~ # swat -? Usage: swat [OPTION...] -a, --disable-authentication Disable authentication (demo mode) Help options: -?, --help Show this help message --usage Display brief usage message Common samba options: -d, --debuglevel=DEBUGLEVEL Set debug level -s, --configfile=CONFIGFILE Use alternative configuration file -l, --log-basename=LOGFILEBASE Basename for log/debug files -V, --version Print version Now that you have found that swat is in the search path, it is easy to identify where the file is located. Here is another simple way this may be done: frodo:~ # whereis swat swat: /usr/sbin/swat /usr/share/man/man8/swat.8.gz If the above measures fail to locate the swat binary, another approach is needed. The following may be used: frodo:/ # find / -name swat -print /etc/xinetd.d/swat /usr/sbin/swat /usr/share/samba/swat frodo:/ # This list shows that there is a control file for xinetd, the internetwork super-daemon that is installed on this server. The location of the SWAT binary file is /usr/sbin/swat, and the support files for it are located under the directory /usr/share/samba/swat. We must now check where swat expects to find its support files. This can be done as follows: frodo:/ # strings /usr/sbin/swat | grep "/swat" /swat/ ... /usr/share/samba/swat frodo:/ # The /usr/share/samba/swat/ entry shown in this listing is the location of the support files. You should verify that the support files exist under this directory. A sample list is as shown: jht@frodo:/> find /usr/share/samba/swat -print /usr/share/samba/swat /usr/share/samba/swat/help /usr/share/samba/swat/lang /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/help /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/help/welcome.html /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/images /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/images/home.gif ... /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/include /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/ja/include/header.nocss.html ... /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/help /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/help/welcome.html /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/images /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/images/home.gif ... /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/include /usr/share/samba/swat/lang/tr/include/header.html /usr/share/samba/swat/using_samba ... /usr/share/samba/swat/images /usr/share/samba/swat/images/home.gif ... /usr/share/samba/swat/include /usr/share/samba/swat/include/footer.html /usr/share/samba/swat/include/header.html jht@frodo:/> If the files needed are not available it will be necessary to obtain and install them before SWAT can be used. SWAT should be installed to run via the network super-daemon. Depending on which system your UNIX/Linux system has, you will have either an inetd- or xinetd-based system. The nature and location of the network super-daemon varies with the operating system implementation. The control file (or files) can be located in the file /etc/inetd.conf or in the directory /etc/[x]inet[d].d or similar. The control entry for the older style file might be: swatenable # swat is the Samba Web Administration Tool swat stream tcp nowait.400 root /usr/sbin/swat swat A control file for the newer style xinetd could be: # default: off # description: SWAT is the Samba Web Admin Tool. Use swat \ # to configure your Samba server. To use SWAT, \ # connect to port 901 with your favorite web browser. service swat { port = 901 socket_type = stream wait = no only_from = localhost user = root server = /usr/sbin/swat log_on_failure += USERID disable = no } In the above, the default setting for disable is yes. This means that SWAT is disabled. To enable use of SWAT, set this parameter to no as shown. Both of the above examples assume that the swat binary has been located in the /usr/sbin directory. In addition to the above, SWAT will use a directory access point from which it will load its Help files as well as other control information. The default location for this on most Linux systems is in the directory /usr/share/samba/swat. The default location using Samba defaults will be /usr/local/samba/swat. Access to SWAT will prompt for a logon. If you log onto SWAT as any non-root user, the only permission allowed is to view certain aspects of configuration as well as access to the password change facility. The buttons that will be exposed to the non-root user are: HOME, STATUS, VIEW, PASSWORD. The only page that allows change capability in this case is PASSWORD. As long as you log onto SWAT as the user root, you should obtain full change and commit ability. The buttons that will be exposed include: HOME, GLOBALS, SHARES, PRINTERS, WIZARD, STATUS, VIEW, PASSWORD. swatsecurity Many people have asked about how to setup SWAT with SSL to allow for secure remote administration of Samba. Here is a method that works, courtesy of Markus Krieger. Modifications to the SWAT setup are as follows: Install OpenSSL. Generate certificate and private key. &rootprompt;/usr/bin/openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -config \ /usr/share/doc/packages/stunnel/stunnel.cnf \ -out /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem -keyout /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem Remove swat-entry from [x]inetd. Start stunnel. &rootprompt;stunnel -p /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem -d 901 \ -l /usr/local/samba/bin/swat swat Afterward, simply connect to swat by using the URL https://myhost:901, accept the certificate and the SSL connection is up. SWAT can be configured to display its messages to match the settings of the language configurations of your Web browser. It will be passed to SWAT in the Accept-Language header of the HTTP request. To enable this feature: Install the proper msg files from the Samba source/po directory into $LIBDIR. Set your browsers language setting. The name of msg file is same as the language ID sent by the browser. For example en means "English", ja means "Japanese", fr means "French. If you do not like some of messages, or there are no msg files for your locale, you can create them simply by copying the en.msg files to the directory for your language ID.msg and filling in proper strings to each msgstr. For example, in it.msg, the msg file for the Italian locale, just set: msgid "Set Default" msgstr "Imposta Default" and so on. If you find a mistake or create a new msg file, please email it to us so we will include this in the next release of Samba. The msg file should be encoded in UTF-8. Note that if you enable this feature and the is not matched to your browsers setting, the SWAT display may be corrupted. In a future version of Samba, SWAT will always display messages with UTF-8 encoding. You will then not need to set this &smb.conf; file parameter. SWAT is a tools that many be used to configure Samba, or just to obtain useful links to important reference materials such as the contents of this book, as well as other documents that have been found useful for solving Windows networking problems. The SWAT title page provides access to the latest Samba documentation. The manual page for each Samba component is accessible from this page, as are the Samba HOWTO-Collection (this document) as well as the O'Reilly book Using Samba. Administrators who wish to validate their Samba configuration may obtain useful information from the man pages for the diagnostic utilities. These are available from the SWAT home page also. One diagnostic tool that is not mentioned on this page, but that is particularly useful is ethereal. SWAT can be configured to run in demo mode. This is not recommended as it runs SWAT without authentication and with full administrative ability. Allows changes to &smb.conf; as well as general operation with root privileges. The option that creates this ability is the -a flag to swat. Do not use this in a production environment. The GLOBALS button will expose a page that allows configuration of the global parameters in &smb.conf;. There are two levels of exposure of the parameters: Basic &smbmdash; exposes common configuration options. Advanced &smbmdash; exposes configuration options needed in more complex environments. To switch to other than Basic editing ability, click on Advanced. You may also do this by clicking on the radio button, then click on the Commit Changes button. After making any changes to configuration parameters, make sure that you click on the Commit Changes button before moving to another area, otherwise your changes will be lost. SWAT has context-sensitive help. To find out what each parameter is for, simply click on the Help link to the left of the configuration parameter. To effect a currently configured share, simply click on the pull down button between the Choose Share and the Delete Share buttons, select the share you wish to operate on, then to edit the settings click on the Choose Share button. To delete the share, simply press the Delete Share button. To create a new share, next to the button labeled Create Share enter into the text field the name of the share to be created, then click on the Create Share button. To affect a currently configured printer, simply click on the pull down button between the Choose Printer and the Delete Printer buttons, select the printer you wish to operate on, then to edit the settings click on the Choose Printer button. To delete the share, simply press the Delete Printer button. To create a new printer, next to the button labeled Create Printer enter into the text field the name of the share to be created, then click on the Create Printer button. The purpose if the SWAT Wizard is to help the Microsoft-knowledgeable network administrator to configure Samba with a minimum of effort. The Wizard page provides a tool for rewriting the &smb.conf; file in fully optimized format. This will also happen if you press the Commit button. The two differ since the Rewrite button ignores any changes that may have been made, while the Commit button causes all changes to be affected. The Edit button permits the editing (setting) of the minimal set of options that may be necessary to create a working Samba server. Finally, there are a limited set of options that will determine what type of server Samba will be configured for, whether it will be a WINS server, participate as a WINS client, or operate with no WINS support. By clicking one button, you can elect to expose (or not) user home directories. The status page serves a limited purpose. First, it allows control of the Samba daemons. The key daemons that create the Samba server environment are: &smbd;, &nmbd;, &winbindd;. The daemons may be controlled individually or as a total group. Additionally, you may set an automatic screen refresh timing. As MS Windows clients interact with Samba, new smbd processes will be continually spawned. The auto-refresh facility will allow you to track the changing conditions with minimal effort. Lastly, the Status page may be used to terminate specific smbd client connections in order to free files that may be locked. This page allows the administrator to view the optimized &smb.conf; file and, if you are particularly masochistic, will permit you also to see all possible global configuration parameters and their settings. The Password Change page is a popular tool that allows the creation, deletion, deactivation, and reactivation of MS Windows networking users on the local machine. Alternately, you can use this tool to change a local password for a user account. When logged in as a non-root account, the user will have to provide the old password as well as the new password (twice). When logged in as root, only the new password is required. One popular use for this tool is to change user passwords across a range of remote MS Windows servers.