&author.jelmer; &author.jht; &author.jerry; June 30, 2003 Samba differences changed parameters simple guide This chapter deals exclusively with the differences between Samba-3.0.23 and Samba-2.2.8a. It points out where configuration parameters have changed, and provides a simple guide for the move from 2.2.x to 3.0.23. Samba-3.0.23 default behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x. The default behavior when the new parameter is not defined in the &smb.conf; file provides the same default behavior as Samba-2.2.x with Yes and will use the smbpasswd database. behavior approximately same differing protocol So why say that behavior should be approximately the same as Samba-2.2.x? Because Samba-3.0.23 can negotiate new protocols, such as support for native Unicode, that may result in differing protocol code paths being taken. The new behavior under such circumstances is not exactly the same as the old one. The good news is that the domain and machine SIDs will be preserved across the upgrade. LDAP backend database pdbedit Samba-3-compatible LDAP backend If the Samba-2.2.x system is using an LDAP backend, and there is no time to update the LDAP database, then make sure that ldapsam_compat is specified in the &smb.conf; file. For the rest, behavior should remain more or less the same. At a later date, when there is time to implement a new Samba-3-compatible LDAP backend, it is possible to migrate the old LDAP database to the new one through use of the pdbedit. See The pdbedit Command. The major new features are: ADS LDAP/Kerberos Active Directory support. This release is able to join an ADS realm as a member server and authenticate users using LDAP/Kerberos. Unicode multibyte character sets Unicode support. Samba will now negotiate Unicode on the wire, and internally there is a much better infrastructure for multibyte and Unicode character sets. authentication system New authentication system. The internal authentication system has been almost completely rewritten. Most of the changes are internal, but the new authoring system is also very configurable. filename mangling New filename mangling system. The filename mangling system has been completely rewritten. An internal database now stores mangling maps persistently. net command New net command. A new net command has been added. It is somewhat similar to the net command in Windows. Eventually, we plan to replace a bunch of other utilities (such as smbpasswd) with subcommands in net. status32 codes Samba now negotiates NT-style status32 codes on the wire. This considerably improves error handling. printer attributes publishing Better Windows 200x/XP printing support, including publishing printer attributes in Active Directory. RPC modules passdb backends character sets New loadable RPC modules for passdb backends and character sets. dual-daemon winbindd New default dual-daemon winbindd support for better performance. migrating maintaining ids SID Support for migrating from a Windows NT 4.0 domain to a Samba domain and maintaining user, group, and domain SIDs. trust relationships domain controllers Support for establishing trust relationships with Windows NT 4.0 domain controllers. Winbind architecture LDAP directory ID mapping Initial support for a distributed Winbind architecture using an LDAP directory for storing SID to UID/GID mappings. Major updates to the Samba documentation tree. SMB signing security settings Full support for client and server SMB signing to ensure compatibility with default Windows 2003 security settings. Plus lots of other improvements! This section contains a brief listing of changes to &smb.conf; options since the Samba-2.2.x series up to and including Samba-3.0.23. Please refer to the smb.conf(5) man page for complete descriptions of new or modified parameters. Whenever a Samba update or upgrade is performed it is highly recommended to read the file called WHATSNEW.txt that is part of the Samba distribution tarball. This file may also be obtain on-line from the Samba web site, in the right column, under Current Stable Release, by clicking on Release Notes. deleted parameters In alphabetical order, these are the parameters eliminated from Samba-2.2.x through 3.0.23. admin log alternate permissions character set client codepage code page directory coding system domain admin group domain guest group enable rid algorithm enable svcctl force unknown acl user hosts equiv ldap filter min password length nt smb support post script printer admin printer driver printer driver file printer driver location read size source environment status strip dot total print jobs unicode use rhosts valid chars vfs options winbind enable local accounts winbind max idle children wins partners The following new parameters have been released up to and including Samba 3.0.23 (grouped by function:) Remote Management new parameters abort shutdown script shutdown script User and Group Account Management add group script add machine script add user to group script algorithmic rid base delete group script delete user from group script passdb backend rename user script set primary group script username map script Authentication auth methods ldap password sync passdb expand explicit realm Protocol Options add port command afs token lifetime client lanman auth client NTLMv2 auth client schannel client signing client use spnego defer sharing violations disable netbios dmapi support enable privileges use kerberos keytab log nt token command ntlm auth paranoid server security sendfile server schannel server signing smb ports svcctl list use spnego File Service allocation roundup size acl check permissions acl group control acl map full control aio read size aio write size dfree cache time dfree command ea support enable asu support fam change notify force unknown acl user get quota command hide special files hide unwriteable files inherit owner hostname lookups kernel change notify mangle prefix map acl inherit map read only max stat cache size msdfs proxy open files database hash size set quota command store dos attributes use sendfile usershare allow guests usershare max shares usershare owner only usershare path usershare prefix allow list usershare prefix deny list usershare template share vfs objects Printing cups options cups server force printername iprint server max reported print jobs printcap cache time Unicode and Character Sets display charset dos charset UNIX charset SID to UID/GID Mappings idmap backend idmap gid idmap uid username map script winbind nss info winbind offline logon winbind refresh tickets winbind trusted domains only template primary group LDAP ldap delete dn ldap group suffix ldap idmap suffix ldap machine suffix ldap passwd sync ldap replication sleep ldap timeout ldap user suffix General Configuration eventlog list preload modules reset on zero vc privatedir acl group control (new default is No, deprecated parameter) change notify timeout (scope changed) dos filemode (disabled by default) dos filetimes (enabled by default) enable asu support (disabled by default) enable privileges (enabled by default) encrypt passwords (enabled by default) host msdfs (enabled by default) mangling method (set to hash2 by default) map to guest only user (deprecated) passwd chat passwd program password server restrict anonymous (integer value) security (new ads value) strict locking (auto by default) winbind cache time (increased to 5 minutes) winbind enum groups (disabled by default) winbind enum users (disabled by default) winbind nested groups (enabled by default) winbind uid (deprecated in favor of idmap uid) winbind gid (deprecated in favor of idmap gid) winbindd nss info write cache (deprecated) major changes The major changes in behavior since that Samba-2.2.x series are documented in this section. Please refer to the WHATSNEW.txt file that ships with every release of Samba to obtain detailed information regarding the changes that have been made during the life of the current Samba release. tdb data files Refer to Installation, Chapter 1, Chapter 1 for information pertaining to the Samba-3 data files, their location and the information that must be preserved across server migrations, updates and upgrades. tdb file backup Please remember to back up your existing ${lock directory}/*tdb before upgrading to Samba-3. If necessary, Samba will upgrade databases as they are opened. Downgrading from Samba-3 to 2.2, or reversion to an earlier version of Samba-3 from a later release, is an unsupported path. tdb file descriptions The old Samba-2.2.x tdb files are described in the next table. Name Description Backup? account_policy User policy settings yes brlock Byte-range file locking information. no connections Client connection information no locking Temporary file locking data. no messages Temporary storage of messages being processed by smbd. no ntdrivers Stores per-printer driver information. yes ntforms Stores per-printer forms information. yes ntprinters Stores the per-printer devmode configuration settings. yes printing/*.tdb Cached output from lpq command created on a per-print-service basis. no registry Read-only Samba registry skeleton that provides support for exporting various database tables via the winreg RPCs. no sessionid Temporary cache for miscellaneous session information. no share_info Share ACL settings. yes unexpected Packets received for which no process was listening. no winbindd_cache Cache of identity information received from an NT4 or an ADS domain. yes winbindd_idmap New ID map table from SIDS to UNIX UIDs/GIDs. yes The following issues are known changes in behavior between Samba-2.2 and Samba-3 that may affect certain installations of Samba. Windows domain getpwnam() call NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE When operating as a member of a Windows domain, Samba-2.2 would map any users authenticated by the remote DC to the guest account if a UID could not be obtained via the getpwnam() call. Samba-3 rejects the connection with the error message NT_STATUS_LOGON_FAILURE. There is no current workaround to re-establish the Samba-2.2 behavior. add user script add machine script When adding machines to a Samba-2.2 controlled domain, the add user script was used to create the UNIX identity of the machine trust account. Samba-3 introduces a new add machine script that must be specified for this purpose. Samba-3 will not fall back to using the add user script in the absence of an add machine script. There have been a few new changes that Samba administrators should be aware of when moving to Samba-3. encrypted passwords Encrypted passwords have been enabled by default in order to interoperate better with out-of-the-box Windows client installations. This does mean that either (a) a Samba account must be created for each user, or (b) encrypt passwords = no must be explicitly defined in &smb.conf;. ADS Kerberos LDAP Inclusion of new ads option for integration with an Active Directory domain using the native Windows Kerberos 5 and LDAP protocols. account storage backends Samba-3 also includes the possibility of setting up chains of authentication methods () and account storage backends (). Please refer to the &smb.conf; man page and Account Information Databases, for details. While both parameters assume sane default values, it is likely that you will need to understand what the values actually mean in order to ensure Samba operates correctly. pdbedit smbpasswd net tool Certain functions of the smbpasswd tool have been split between the new smbpasswd utility, the net tool, and the new pdbedit utility. See the respective man pages for details. This section outlines the new features effecting Samba/LDAP integration. object class sambaSamAccount LDIF attributes A new object class (sambaSamAccount) has been introduced to replace the old sambaAccount. This change aids in the renaming of attributes to prevent clashes with attributes from other vendors. There is a conversion script (examples/LDAP/convertSambaAccount) to modify an LDIF file to the new schema. Example: ldapsearch &prompt;ldapsearch .... -LLL -b "ou=people,dc=..." > old.ldif &prompt;convertSambaAccount --sid <DOM SID> --input old.ldif --output new.ldif netgetlocalsid The <DOM SID> can be obtained by running &prompt;net getlocalsid <DOMAINNAME> PDC on the Samba PDC as root. Under Samba-2.x the domain SID can be obtained by executing: smbpasswd &prompt;smbpasswd -S <DOMAINNAME> old sambaAccount ldapsam_compat object class declaration samba.schema The old sambaAccount schema may still be used by specifying the ldapsam_compat passdb backend. However, the sambaAccount and associated attributes have been moved to the historical section of the schema file and must be uncommented before use if needed. The Samba-2.2 object class declaration for a sambaAccount has not changed in the Samba-3 samba.schema file. Other new object classes and their uses include: sambaDomain domain information RID ldap suffix ldapsam idmap sambaDomain &smbmdash; domain information used to allocate RIDs for users and groups as necessary. The attributes are added in ldap suffix directory entry automatically if an idmap UID/GID range has been set and the ldapsam passdb backend has been selected. sambaGroupMapping ldap group suffix net groupmap sambaGroupMapping &smbmdash; an object representing the relationship between a posixGroup and a Windows group/SID. These entries are stored in the ldap group suffix and managed by the net groupmap command. sambaUNIXIdPool ldap idmap suffix idmap UID idmap GID sambaUNIXIdPool &smbmdash; created in the ldap idmap suffix entry automatically and contains the next available idmap UID and idmap GID. sambaIdmapEntry idmap_ldap module sambaIdmapEntry &smbmdash; object storing a mapping between a SID and a UNIX UID/GID. These objects are created by the idmap_ldap module as needed. LDAP queries passdb backend ldap suffix ldap user suffix ldap machine suffix ldap group suffix ldap idmap suffix The following new &smb.conf; parameters have been added to aid in directing certain LDAP queries when passdb backend = ldapsam://... has been specified. ldap suffix &smbmdash; used to search for user and computer accounts. ldap user suffix &smbmdash; used to store user accounts. ldap machine suffix &smbmdash; used to store machine trust accounts. ldap group suffix &smbmdash; location of posixGroup/sambaGroupMapping entries. ldap idmap suffix &smbmdash; location of sambaIdmapEntry objects. ldap suffix subsuffix parameters If an ldap suffix is defined, it will be appended to all of the remaining subsuffix parameters. In this case, the order of the suffix listings in &smb.conf; is important. Always place the ldap suffix first in the list. Due to a limitation in Samba's &smb.conf; parsing, you should not surround the domain names with quotation marks. idmap backend Samba-3 supports an LDAP backend for the idmap subsystem. The following options inform Samba that the idmap table should be stored on the directory server onterose in the ou=Idmap,dc=quenya,dc=org partition. ... ldap:ldap://onterose/ ou=Idmap 40000-50000 40000-50000 NFS This configuration allows Winbind installations on multiple servers to share a UID/GID number space, thus avoiding the interoperability problems with NFS that were present in Samba-2.2.