smb.conf The smb.conf file is a configuration file for the
Samba suite. smb.conf contains runtime configuration information
for the Samba programs. The smb.conf file is designed to be
configured and administered by the swat (8)
program. The complete description of the file format and possible
parameters held within are here for reference purposes.
The file consists of sections and parameters. A section begins with
the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the
next section begins. Sections contain parameters of the form
'name = value'
The file is line-based - that is, each newline-terminated line
represents either a comment, a section name or a parameter.
Section and parameter names are not case sensitive.
Only the first equals sign in a parameter is significant. Whitespace
before or after the first equals sign is discarded. Leading, trailing
and internal whitespace in section and parameter names is
irrelevant. Leading and trailing whitespace in a parameter value is
discarded. Internal whitespace within a parameter value is retained
verbatim.
Any line beginning with a semicolon (';') or a hash ('#') character is
ignored, as are lines containing only whitespace.
Any line ending in a '\' is "continued" on the next line in the
customary UNIX fashion.
The values following the equals sign in parameters are all either a
string (no quotes needed) or a boolean, which may be given as yes/no,
0/1 or true/false. Case is not significant in boolean values, but is
preserved in string values. Some items such as create modes are
numeric.
Each section in the configuration file (except for the
[global] section) describes a shared resource (known
as a "share"). The section name is the name of the shared resource
and the parameters within the section define the shares attributes.
There are three special sections, [global],
[homes] and [printers], which are
described under 'special sections'. The
following notes apply to ordinary section descriptions.
A share consists of a directory to which access is being given plus
a description of the access rights which are granted to the user of
the service. Some housekeeping options are also specifiable.
Sections are either filespace services (used by the client as an
extension of their native file systems) or printable services (used by
the client to access print services on the host running the server).
Sections may be designated guest services, in which
case no password is required to access them. A specified UNIX
guest account is used to define access
privileges in this case.
Sections other than guest services will require a password to access
them. The client provides the username. As older clients only provide
passwords and not usernames, you may specify a list of usernames to
check against the password using the "user=" option in
the share definition. For modern clients such as Windows 95/98 and
Windows NT, this should not be necessary.
Note that the access rights granted by the server are masked by the
access rights granted to the specified or guest UNIX user by the host
system. The server does not grant more access than the host system
grants.
The following sample section defines a file space share. The user has
write access to the path /home/bar. The share is accessed via
the share name "foo":
[foo] path = /home/bar writeable = true
The following sample section defines a printable share. The share
is readonly, but printable. That is, the only write access permitted
is via calls to open, write to and close a spool file. The
'guest ok' parameter means access will be permitted
as the default guest user (specified elsewhere):
[aprinter] path = /usr/spool/public read only = true printable = true guest ok = true
Parameters in this section apply to the server as a whole, or are
defaults for sections which do not specifically define certain
items. See the notes under 'PARAMETERS' for more
information.
If a section called 'homes' is included in the configuration file,
services connecting clients to their home directories can be created
on the fly by the server.
When the connection request is made, the existing sections are
scanned. If a match is found, it is used. If no match is found, the
requested section name is treated as a user name and looked up in the
local password file. If the name exists and the correct password has
been given, a share is created by cloning the [homes] section.
Some modifications are then made to the newly created share:
'homes' to the located
username
If you decide to use a path= line in your [homes]
section then you may find it useful to use the %S
macro. For example :
path=/data/pchome/%S
would be useful if you have different home directories for your PCs
than for UNIX access.
This is a fast and simple way to give a large number of clients access
to their home directories with a minimum of fuss.
A similar process occurs if the requested section name is "homes",
except that the share name is not changed to that of the requesting
user. This method of using the [homes] section works well if different
users share a client PC.
The [homes] section can specify all the parameters a normal service
section can specify, though some make more sense than others. The
following is a typical and suitable [homes] section:
[homes] writeable = yes
An important point is that if guest access is specified in the [homes]
section, all home directories will be visible to all clients
without a password. In the very unlikely event that this is
actually desirable, it would be wise to also specify read only
access.
Note that the browseable flag for auto home
directories will be inherited from the global browseable flag, not the
[homes] browseable flag. This is useful as it means setting
browseable=no in the [homes] section will hide the [homes] share but
make any auto home directories visible.
This section works like [homes], but for printers.
If a [printers] section occurs in the configuration file, users are
able to connect to any printer specified in the local host's printcap
file.
When a connection request is made, the existing sections are
scanned. If a match is found, it is used. If no match is found, but a
[homes] section exists, it is used as described
above. Otherwise, the requested section name is treated as a printer
name and the appropriate printcap file is scanned to see if the
requested section name is a valid printer share name. If a match is
found, a new printer share is created by cloning the [printers]
section.
A few modifications are then made to the newly created share:
Note that the [printers] service MUST be printable - if you specify
otherwise, the server will refuse to load the configuration file.
Typically the path specified would be that of a world-writeable spool
directory with the sticky bit set on it. A typical [printers] entry
would look like this:
[printers] path = /usr/spool/public writeable = no guest ok = yes printable = yes
All aliases given for a printer in the printcap file are legitimate
printer names as far as the server is concerned. If your printing
subsystem doesn't work like that, you will have to set up a
pseudo-printcap. This is a file consisting of one or more lines like
this:
alias|alias|alias|alias...
Each alias should be an acceptable printer name for your printing
subsystem. In the [global] section, specify the new
file as your printcap. The server will then only recognize names
found in your pseudo-printcap, which of course can contain whatever
aliases you like. The same technique could be used simply to limit
access to a subset of your local printers.
An alias, by the way, is defined as any component of the first entry
of a printcap record. Records are separated by newlines, components
(if there are more than one) are separated by vertical bar symbols
("|").
NOTE: On SYSV systems which use lpstat to determine what printers are
defined on the system you may be able to use "printcap name =
lpstat" to automatically obtain a list of
printers. See the "printcap name" option for
more details.
Parameters define the specific attributes of sections.
Some parameters are specific to the [global] section
(e.g., security). Some parameters are usable in
all sections (e.g., create mode). All others are
permissible only in normal sections. For the purposes of the following
descriptions the [homes] and
[printers] sections will be considered normal.
The letter 'G' in parentheses indicates that a parameter is
specific to the [global] section. The letter 'S'
indicates that a parameter can be specified in a service specific
section. Note that all 'S' parameters can also be specified in the
[global] section - in which case they will define
the default behavior for all services.
Parameters are arranged here in alphabetical order - this may not
create best bedfellows, but at least you can find them! Where there
are synonyms, the preferred synonym is described, others refer to the
preferred synonym.
Many of the strings that are settable in the config file can take
substitutions. For example the option "path =
/tmp/%u" would be interpreted as "path = /tmp/john" if
the user connected with the username john.
These substitutions are mostly noted in the descriptions below, but
there are some general substitutions which apply whenever they might
be relevant. These are:
There are some quite creative things that can be done with these
substitutions and other smb.conf options.
Samba supports "name mangling" so that DOS and Windows clients can
use files that don't conform to the 8.3 format. It can also be set to
adjust the case of 8.3 format filenames.
There are several options that control the way mangling is performed,
and they are grouped here rather than listed separately. For the
defaults look at the output of the testparm program.
All of these options can be set separately for each service (or
globally, of course).
The options are:
"mangle case = yes/no" controls if names that have characters that
aren't of the "default" case are mangled. For example, if this is yes
then a name like "Mail" would be mangled. Default no.
"case sensitive = yes/no" controls whether filenames are case
sensitive. If they aren't then Samba must do a filename search and
match on passed names. Default no.
"default case = upper/lower" controls what the default case is for new
filenames. Default lower.
"preserve case = yes/no" controls if new files are created with the
case that the client passes, or if they are forced to be the "default"
case. Default Yes.
"short preserve case = yes/no" controls if new files which conform
to 8.3 syntax, that is all in upper case and of suitable length, are
created upper case, or if they are forced to be the "default"
case. This option can be use with "preserve case =
yes" to permit long filenames to retain their
case, while short names are lowered. Default Yes.
By default, Samba 2.0 has the same semantics as a Windows NT
server, in that it is case insensitive but case preserving.
There are a number of ways in which a user can connect to a
service. The server follows the following steps in determining if it
will allow a connection to a specified service. If all the steps fail
then the connection request is rejected. If one of the steps pass then
the following steps are not checked.
If the service is marked "guest only = yes" then
steps 1 to 5 are skipped.
\\server\service%username method of passing a
username.
'@' then that name
expands to a list of names in the group of the same name.
Here is a list of all global parameters. See the section of each
parameter for details. Note that some are synonyms.
Here is a list of all service parameters. See the section of each
parameter for details. Note that some are synonyms.
This is a list of users who will be granted administrative privileges
on the share. This means that they will do all file operations as the
super-user (root).
You should use this option very carefully, as any user in this list
will be able to do anything they like on the share, irrespective of
file permissions.
Default:
no admin users
Example:
admin users = jason
A synonym for this parameter is 'hosts allow'
This parameter is a comma, space, or tab delimited set of hosts which
are permitted to access a service.
If specified in the [global] section then it will
apply to all services, regardless of whether the individual service
has a different setting.
You can specify the hosts by name or IP number. For example, you could
restrict access to only the hosts on a Class C subnet with something
like "allow hosts = 150.203.5.". The full syntax of the list is
described in the man page hosts_access (5). Note that this man
page may not be present on your system, so a brief description will
be given here also.
NOTE: IF you wish to allow the smbpasswd
(8) program to be run by local users to change
their Samba passwords using the local smbd (8)
daemon, then you MUST ensure that the localhost is listed in your
allow hosts list, as smbpasswd (8) runs
in client-server mode and is seen by the local
smbd process as just another client.
You can also specify hosts by network/netmask pairs and by netgroup
names if your system supports netgroups. The EXCEPT keyword can also
be used to limit a wildcard list. The following examples may provide
some help:
Example 1: allow localhost and all IPs in 150.203.*.* except one
hosts allow = localhost, 150.203. EXCEPT 150.203.6.66
Example 2: allow localhost and hosts that match the given network/netmask
hosts allow = localhost, 150.203.15.0/255.255.255.0
Example 3: allow a localhost plus a couple of hosts
hosts allow = localhost, lapland, arvidsjaur
Example 4: allow only hosts in NIS netgroup "foonet" or localhost, but
deny access from one particular host
hosts allow = @foonet, localhost
hosts deny = pirate
Note that access still requires suitable user-level passwords.
See testparm (1) for a way of testing your
host access to see if it does what you expect.
Default:
none (i.e., all hosts permitted access)
Example:
allow hosts = 150.203.5. localhost myhost.mynet.edu.au
This is a deprecated parameter. It no longer has any effect in Samba2.0.
In previous versions of Samba it affected the way the DOS "read only"
attribute was mapped for a file. In Samba2.0 a file is marked "read only"
if the UNIX file does not have the 'w' bit set for the owner of the file,
regardless if the owner of the file is the currently logged on user or not.
This specifies what type of server nmbd will
announce itself as, to a network neighborhood browse list. By default
this is set to Windows NT. The valid options are : "NT", "Win95" or
"WfW" meaning Windows NT, Windows 95 and Windows for Workgroups
respectively. Do not change this parameter unless you have a specific
need to stop Samba appearing as an NT server as this may prevent Samba
servers from participating as browser servers correctly.
Default:
announce as = NT
Example
announce as = Win95
This specifies the major and minor version numbers that nmbd will use
when announcing itself as a server. The default is 4.2. Do not change
this parameter unless you have a specific need to set a Samba server
to be a downlevel server.
Default:
announce version = 4.2
Example:
announce version = 2.0
This is a list of services that you want to be automatically added to
the browse lists. This is most useful for homes and printers services
that would otherwise not be visible.
Note that if you just want all printers in your printcap file loaded
then the "load printers" option is easier.
Default:
no auto services
Example:
auto services = fred lp colorlp
This parameter lets you 'turn off' a service. If 'available = no',
then ALL attempts to connect to the service will fail. Such failures
are logged.
Default:
available = yes
Example:
available = no
This global parameter allows the Samba admin to limit what interfaces
on a machine will serve smb requests. If affects file service
smbd and name service nmbd
in slightly different ways.
For name service it causes nmbd to bind to ports
137 and 138 on the interfaces listed in the
'interfaces'
parameter. nmbd also binds to the 'all
addresses' interface (0.0.0.0) on ports 137 and 138 for the purposes
of reading broadcast messages. If this option is not set then
nmbd will service name requests on all of these
sockets. If "bind interfaces only" is set then
nmbd will check the source address of any
packets coming in on the broadcast sockets and discard any that don't
match the broadcast addresses of the interfaces in the
'interfaces' parameter list. As unicast packets
are received on the other sockets it allows nmbd
to refuse to serve names to machines that send packets that arrive
through any interfaces not listed in the
"interfaces" list. IP Source address spoofing
does defeat this simple check, however so it must not be used
seriously as a security feature for nmbd.
For file service it causes smbd to bind only to
the interface list given in the 'interfaces'
parameter. This restricts the networks that smbd
will serve to packets coming in those interfaces. Note that you
should not use this parameter for machines that are serving PPP or
other intermittent or non-broadcast network interfaces as it will not
cope with non-permanent interfaces.
In addition, to change a users SMB password, the
smbpasswd by default connects to the
"localhost" - 127.0.0.1 address as an SMB client to issue the
password change request. If "bind interfaces only" is set then
unless the network address 127.0.0.1 is added to the
'interfaces' parameter list then
smbpasswd will fail to connect in it's
default mode. smbpasswd can be forced to
use the primary IP interface of the local host by using its
"-r remote machine" parameter, with
"remote machine" set to the IP name of the primary interface
of the local host.
Default:
bind interfaces only = False
Example:
bind interfaces only = True
This parameter controls the behavior of smbd when
given a request by a client to obtain a byte range lock on a region
of an open file, and the request has a time limit associated with it.
If this parameter is set and the lock range requested cannot be
immediately satisfied, Samba 2.0 will internally queue the lock
request, and periodically attempt to obtain the lock until the
timeout period expires.
If this parameter is set to "False", then Samba 2.0 will behave
as previous versions of Samba would and will fail the lock
request immediately if the lock range cannot be obtained.
This parameter can be set per share.
Default:
blocking locks = True
Example:
blocking locks = False
Synonym for browseable.
This controls whether smbd will serve a browse
list to a client doing a NetServerEnum call. Normally set to true. You
should never need to change this.
Default:
browse list = Yes
This controls whether this share is seen in the list of available
shares in a net view and in the browse list.
Default:
browseable = Yes
Example:
browseable = No
See the discussion in the section NAME MANGLING.
Synonym for "case sensitive".
One of the new NT SMB requests that Samba 2.0 supports is the
"ChangeNotify" requests. This SMB allows a client to tell a server to
"watch" a particular directory for any changes and only reply to
the SMB request when a change has occurred. Such constant scanning of
a directory is expensive under UNIX, hence an
smbd daemon only performs such a scan on each
requested directory once every change notify timeout seconds.
change notify timeout is specified in units of seconds.
Default:
change notify timeout = 60
Example:
change notify timeout = 300
Would change the scan time to every 5 minutes.
This allows a smbd to map incoming filenames from a DOS Code page (see
the client code page parameter) to several
built in UNIX character sets. The built in code page translations are:
BUG. These MSDOS code page to UNIX character set mappings should
be dynamic, like the loading of MS DOS code pages, not static.
See also client code page. Normally this
parameter is not set, meaning no filename translation is done.
Default:
character set = <empty string>
Example:
character set = ISO8859-1
This parameter specifies the DOS code page that the clients accessing
Samba are using. To determine what code page a Windows or DOS client
is using, open a DOS command prompt and type the command "chcp". This
will output the code page. The default for USA MS-DOS, Windows 95, and
Windows NT releases is code page 437. The default for western european
releases of the above operating systems is code page 850.
This parameter tells smbd which of the
codepage.XXX files to dynamically load on startup. These files,
described more fully in the manual page make_smbcodepage
(1), tell smbd how
to map lower to upper case characters to provide the case insensitivity
of filenames that Windows clients expect.
Samba currently ships with the following code page files :
Thus this parameter may have any of the values 437, 737, 850, 852,
861, 932, 936, 949, or 950. If you don't find the codepage you need,
read the comments in one of the other codepage files and the
make_smbcodepage (1) man page and
write one. Please remember to donate it back to the Samba user
community.
This parameter co-operates with the "valid
chars" parameter in determining what characters are
valid in filenames and how capitalization is done. If you set both
this parameter and the "valid chars" parameter
the "client code page" parameter MUST be set before the
"valid chars" parameter in the smb.conf
file. The "valid chars" string will then augment
the character settings in the "client code page" parameter.
If not set, "client code page" defaults to 850.
See also : "valid chars"
Default:
client code page = 850
Example:
client code page = 936
This parameter is used to determine how incoming Shift-JIS Japanese
characters are mapped from the incoming "client code
page" used by the client, into file names in the
UNIX filesystem. Only useful if "client code
page" is set to 932 (Japanese Shift-JIS).
The options are :
:AB.
:AB. This is used for compatibility between Samba and CAP.
This is a text field that is seen next to a share when a client does a
queries the server, either via the network neighborhood or via "net
view" to list what shares are available.
If you want to set the string that is displayed next to the machine
name then see the server string command.
Default:
No comment string
Example:
comment = Fred's Files
This allows you to override the config file to use, instead of the
default (usually smb.conf). There is a chicken and egg problem
here as this option is set in the config file!
For this reason, if the name of the config file has changed when the
parameters are loaded then it will reload them from the new config
file.
This option takes the usual substitutions, which can be very useful.
If the config file doesn't exist then it won't be loaded (allowing you
to special case the config files of just a few clients).
Example:
config file = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m
This parameter allows you to 'clone' service entries. The specified
service is simply duplicated under the current service's name. Any
parameters specified in the current section will override those in the
section being copied.
This feature lets you set up a 'template' service and create similar
services easily. Note that the service being copied must occur earlier
in the configuration file than the service doing the copying.
Default:
none
Example:
copy = otherservice
A synonym for this parameter is 'create mode'.
When a file is created, the necessary permissions are calculated
according to the mapping from DOS modes to UNIX permissions, and the
resulting UNIX mode is then bit-wise 'AND'ed with this parameter.
This parameter may be thought of as a bit-wise MASK for the UNIX modes
of a file. Any bit *not* set here will be removed from the modes set
on a file when it is created.
The default value of this parameter removes the 'group' and 'other'
write and execute bits from the UNIX modes.
Following this Samba will bit-wise 'OR' the UNIX mode created from
this parameter with the value of the "force create mode" parameter
which is set to 000 by default.
This parameter does not affect directory modes. See the parameter
'directory mode' for details.
See also the "force create mode" parameter
for forcing particular mode bits to be set on created files. See also
the "directory mode" parameter for masking
mode bits on created directories.
Default:
create mask = 0744
Example:
create mask = 0775
This is a synonym for create mask.
The value of the parameter (a decimal integer) represents the number
of minutes of inactivity before a connection is considered dead, and
it is disconnected. The deadtime only takes effect if the number of
open files is zero.
This is useful to stop a server's resources being exhausted by a large
number of inactive connections.
Most clients have an auto-reconnect feature when a connection is
broken so in most cases this parameter should be transparent to users.
Using this parameter with a timeout of a few minutes is recommended
for most systems.
A deadtime of zero indicates that no auto-disconnection should be
performed.
Default:
deadtime = 0
Example:
deadtime = 15
Samba2.0 debug log messages are timestamped by default. If you are
running at a high "debug level" these timestamps
can be distracting. This boolean parameter allows them to be turned
off.
Default:
debug timestamp = Yes
Example:
debug timestamp = No
The value of the parameter (an integer) allows the debug level
(logging level) to be specified in the smb.conf file. This is to
give greater flexibility in the configuration of the system.
The default will be the debug level specified on the command line
or level zero if none was specified.
Example:
debug level = 3
A synonym for default service.
See the section on "NAME MANGLING". Also note
the "short preserve case" parameter.
This parameter specifies the name of a service which will be connected
to if the service actually requested cannot be found. Note that the
square brackets are NOT given in the parameter value (see example
below).
There is no default value for this parameter. If this parameter is not
given, attempting to connect to a nonexistent service results in an
error.
Typically the default service would be a guest ok,
read-only service.
Also note that the apparent service name will be changed to equal that
of the requested service, this is very useful as it allows you to use
macros like %S to make a wildcard service.
Note also that any '_' characters in the name of the service used
in the default service will get mapped to a '/'. This allows for
interesting things.
Example:
default service = pub
[pub]
path = /%S
This parameter allows readonly files to be deleted. This is not
normal DOS semantics, but is allowed by UNIX.
This option may be useful for running applications such as rcs, where
UNIX file ownership prevents changing file permissions, and DOS
semantics prevent deletion of a read only file.
Default:
delete readonly = No
Example:
delete readonly = Yes
This option is used when Samba is attempting to delete a directory
that contains one or more vetoed directories (see the 'veto
files' option). If this option is set to False (the
default) then if a vetoed directory contains any non-vetoed files or
directories then the directory delete will fail. This is usually what
you want.
If this option is set to True, then Samba will attempt to recursively
delete any files and directories within the vetoed directory. This can
be useful for integration with file serving systems such as NetAtalk,
which create meta-files within directories you might normally veto
DOS/Windows users from seeing (e.g. .AppleDouble)
Setting 'delete veto files = True' allows these directories to be
transparently deleted when the parent directory is deleted (so long
as the user has permissions to do so).
See also the veto files parameter.
Default:
delete veto files = False
Example:
delete veto files = True
The opposite of 'allow hosts' - hosts listed
here are NOT permitted access to services unless the specific
services have their own lists to override this one. Where the lists
conflict, the 'allow' list takes precedence.
Default:
none (i.e., no hosts specifically excluded)
Example:
deny hosts = 150.203.4. badhost.mynet.edu.au
The dfree command setting should only be used on systems where a
problem occurs with the internal disk space calculations. This has
been known to happen with Ultrix, but may occur with other operating
systems. The symptom that was seen was an error of "Abort Retry
Ignore" at the end of each directory listing.
This setting allows the replacement of the internal routines to
calculate the total disk space and amount available with an external
routine. The example below gives a possible script that might fulfill
this function.
The external program will be passed a single parameter indicating a
directory in the filesystem being queried. This will typically consist
of the string "./". The script should return two integers in
ascii. The first should be the total disk space in blocks, and the
second should be the number of available blocks. An optional third
return value can give the block size in bytes. The default blocksize
is 1024 bytes.
Note: Your script should NOT be setuid or setgid and should be
owned by (and writeable only by) root!
Default:
By default internal routines for determining the disk capacity
and remaining space will be used.
Example:
dfree command = /usr/local/samba/bin/dfree
Where the script dfree (which must be made executable) could be:
#!/bin/sh
df $1 | tail -1 | awk '{print $2" "$4}'
or perhaps (on Sys V based systems):
#!/bin/sh
/usr/bin/df -k $1 | tail -1 | awk '{print $3" "$5}'
Note that you may have to replace the command names with full
path names on some systems.
Synonym for path.
This parameter is the octal modes which are used when converting DOS
modes to UNIX modes when creating UNIX directories.
When a directory is created, the necessary permissions are calculated
according to the mapping from DOS modes to UNIX permissions, and the
resulting UNIX mode is then bit-wise 'AND'ed with this parameter.
This parameter may be thought of as a bit-wise MASK for the UNIX modes
of a directory. Any bit *not* set here will be removed from the
modes set on a directory when it is created.
The default value of this parameter removes the 'group' and 'other'
write bits from the UNIX mode, allowing only the user who owns the
directory to modify it.
Following this Samba will bit-wise 'OR' the UNIX mode created from
this parameter with the value of the "force directory mode"
parameter. This parameter is set to 000 by default (i.e. no extra mode
bits are added).
See the "force directory mode" parameter
to cause particular mode bits to always be set on created directories.
See also the "create mode" parameter for masking
mode bits on created files.
Default:
directory mask = 0755
Example:
directory mask = 0775
Synonym for directory mask.
Specifies that nmbd when acting as a WINS
server and finding that a NetBIOS name has not been registered, should
treat the NetBIOS name word-for-word as a DNS name and do a lookup
with the DNS server for that name on behalf of the name-querying
client.
Note that the maximum length for a NetBIOS name is 15 characters, so
the DNS name (or DNS alias) can likewise only be 15 characters,
maximum.
nmbd spawns a second copy of itself to do the
DNS name lookup requests, as doing a name lookup is a blocking action.
See also the parameter wins support.
Default:
dns proxy = yes
This is an EXPERIMENTAL parameter that is part of the unfinished
Samba NT Domain Controller Code. It may be removed in a later release.
To work with the latest code builds that may have more support for
Samba NT Domain Controller functionality please subscribe to the
mailing list Samba-ntdom available by sending email to
listproc@samba.anu.edu.au
This is an EXPERIMENTAL parameter that is part of the unfinished
Samba NT Domain Controller Code. It may be removed in a later release.
To work with the latest code builds that may have more support for
Samba NT Domain Controller functionality please subscribe to the
mailing list Samba-ntdom available by sending email to
listproc@samba.anu.edu.au
This is a DEPRECATED parameter. It is currently not used within
the Samba source and should be removed from all current smb.conf
files. It is left behind for compatibility reasons.
This is an EXPERIMENTAL parameter that is part of the unfinished
Samba NT Domain Controller Code. It may be removed in a later release.
To work with the latest code builds that may have more support for
Samba NT Domain Controller functionality please subscribe to the
mailing list Samba-ntdom available by sending email to
listproc@samba.anu.edu.au
This is an EXPERIMENTAL parameter that is part of the unfinished
Samba NT Domain Controller Code. It may be removed in a later release.
To work with the latest code builds that may have more support for
Samba NT Domain Controller functionality please subscribe to the
mailing list Samba-ntdom available by sending email to
listproc@samba.anu.edu.au
This is an EXPERIMENTAL parameter that is part of the unfinished
Samba NT Domain Controller Code. It may be removed in a later release.
To work with the latest code builds that may have more support for
Samba NT Domain Controller functionality please subscribe to the
mailing list Samba-ntdom available by sending email to
listproc@samba.anu.edu.au
If set to true, the Samba server will serve Windows 95/98 Domain
logons for the workgroup it is in. For more
details on setting up this feature see the file DOMAINS.txt in the
Samba documentation directory docs/ shipped with the source code.
Note that Win95/98 Domain logons are NOT the same as Windows
NT Domain logons. NT Domain logons require a Primary Domain Controller
(PDC) for the Domain. It is intended that in a future release Samba
will be able to provide this functionality for Windows NT clients
also.
Default:
domain logons = no
Tell nmbd to enable WAN-wide browse list
collation. Setting this option causes nmbd to
claim a special domain specific NetBIOS name that identifies it as a
domain master browser for its given
workgroup. Local master browsers in the same
workgroup on broadcast-isolated subnets will give
this nmbd their local browse lists, and then
ask smbd for a complete copy of the browse list
for the whole wide area network. Browser clients will then contact
their local master browser, and will receive the domain-wide browse
list, instead of just the list for their broadcast-isolated subnet.
Note that Windows NT Primary Domain Controllers expect to be able to
claim this workgroup specific special NetBIOS
name that identifies them as domain master browsers for that
workgroup by default (i.e. there is no way to
prevent a Windows NT PDC from attempting to do this). This means that
if this parameter is set and nmbd claims the
special name for a workgroup before a Windows NT
PDC is able to do so then cross subnet browsing will behave strangely
and may fail.
Default:
domain master = no
There are certain directories on some systems (e.g., the /proc tree
under Linux) that are either not of interest to clients or are
infinitely deep (recursive). This parameter allows you to specify a
comma-delimited list of directories that the server should always show
as empty.
Note that Samba can be very fussy about the exact format of the "dont
descend" entries. For example you may need "./proc" instead of
just "/proc". Experimentation is the best policy :-)
Default:
none (i.e., all directories are OK to descend)
Example:
dont descend = /proc,/dev
Under the DOS and Windows FAT filesystem, the finest granularity on
time resolution is two seconds. Setting this parameter for a share
causes Samba to round the reported time down to the nearest two second
boundary when a query call that requires one second resolution is made
to smbd.
This option is mainly used as a compatibility option for Visual C++
when used against Samba shares. If oplocks are enabled on a share,
Visual C++ uses two different time reading calls to check if a file
has changed since it was last read. One of these calls uses a
one-second granularity, the other uses a two second granularity. As
the two second call rounds any odd second down, then if the file has a
timestamp of an odd number of seconds then the two timestamps will not
match and Visual C++ will keep reporting the file has changed. Setting
this option causes the two timestamps to match, and Visual C++ is
happy.
Default:
dos filetime resolution = False
Example:
dos filetime resolution = True
Under DOS and Windows, if a user can write to a file they can change
the timestamp on it. Under POSIX semantics, only the owner of the file
or root may change the timestamp. By default, Samba runs with POSIX
semantics and refuses to change the timestamp on a file if the user
smbd is acting on behalf of is not the file owner. Setting this option
to True allows DOS semantics and smbd will change the file timestamp as
DOS requires.
Default:
dos filetimes = False
Example:
dos filetimes = True
This boolean controls whether encrypted passwords will be negotiated
with the client. Note that Windows NT 4.0 SP3 and above and also
Windows 98 will by default expect encrypted passwords unless a
registry entry is changed. To use encrypted passwords in Samba see the
file ENCRYPTION.txt in the Samba documentation directory docs/
shipped with the source code.
In order for encrypted passwords to work correctly
smbd must either have access to a local
smbpasswd (5) file (see the
smbpasswd (8) program for information on
how to set up and maintain this file), or set the
security= parameter to either
"server" or
"domain" which causes
smbd to authenticate against another server.
This is a synonym for preexec.
NTFS and Windows VFAT file systems keep a create time for all files
and directories. This is not the same as the ctime - status change
time - that Unix keeps, so Samba by default reports the earliest of
the various times Unix does keep. Setting this parameter for a share
causes Samba to always report midnight 1-1-1980 as the create time for
directories.
This option is mainly used as a compatibility option for Visual C++
when used against Samba shares. Visual C++ generated makefiles have
the object directory as a dependency for each object file, and a make
rule to create the directory. Also, when NMAKE compares timestamps it
uses the creation time when examining a directory. Thus the object
directory will be created if it does not exist, but once it does exist
it will always have an earlier timestamp than the object files it
contains.
However, Unix time semantics mean that the create time reported by
Samba will be updated whenever a file is created or deleted in the
directory. NMAKE therefore finds all object files in the object
directory bar the last one built are out of date compared to the
directory and rebuilds them. Enabling this option ensures directories
always predate their contents and an NMAKE build will proceed as
expected.
Default:
fake directory create times = False
Example:
fake directory create times = True
Oplocks are the way that SMB clients get permission from a server to
locally cache file operations. If a server grants an oplock
(opportunistic lock) then the client is free to assume that it is the
only one accessing the file and it will aggressively cache file
data. With some oplock types the client may even cache file open/close
operations. This can give enormous performance benefits.
When you set "fake oplocks = yes" smbd will
always grant oplock requests no matter how many clients are using the
file.
It is generally much better to use the real oplocks
support rather than this parameter.
If you enable this option on all read-only shares or shares that you
know will only be accessed from one client at a time such as
physically read-only media like CDROMs, you will see a big performance
improvement on many operations. If you enable this option on shares
where multiple clients may be accessing the files read-write at the
same time you can get data corruption. Use this option carefully!
This option is disabled by default.
This parameter allows the Samba administrator to stop
smbd from following symbolic links in a
particular share. Setting this parameter to "No" prevents any file
or directory that is a symbolic link from being followed (the user
will get an error). This option is very useful to stop users from
adding a symbolic link to /etc/passwd in their home directory for
instance. However it will slow filename lookups down slightly.
This option is enabled (i.e. smbd will follow
symbolic links) by default.
This parameter specifies a set of UNIX mode bit permissions that will
*always* be set on a file created by Samba. This is done by
bitwise 'OR'ing these bits onto the mode bits of a file that is being
created. The default for this parameter is (in octal) 000. The modes
in this parameter are bitwise 'OR'ed onto the file mode after the mask
set in the "create mask" parameter is applied.
See also the parameter "create mask" for details
on masking mode bits on created files.
Default:
force create mode = 000
Example:
force create mode = 0755
would force all created files to have read and execute permissions set
for 'group' and 'other' as well as the read/write/execute bits set for
the 'user'.
This parameter specifies a set of UNIX mode bit permissions that will
*always* be set on a directory created by Samba. This is done by
bitwise 'OR'ing these bits onto the mode bits of a directory that is
being created. The default for this parameter is (in octal) 0000 which
will not add any extra permission bits to a created directory. This
operation is done after the mode mask in the parameter
"directory mask" is applied.
See also the parameter "directory mask" for
details on masking mode bits on created directories.
Default:
force directory mode = 000
Example:
force directory mode = 0755
would force all created directories to have read and execute
permissions set for 'group' and 'other' as well as the
read/write/execute bits set for the 'user'.
This specifies a UNIX group name that will be assigned as the default
primary group for all users connecting to this service. This is useful
for sharing files by ensuring that all access to files on service will
use the named group for their permissions checking. Thus, by assigning
permissions for this group to the files and directories within this
service the Samba administrator can restrict or allow sharing of these
files.
Default:
no forced group
Example:
force group = agroup
This specifies a UNIX user name that will be assigned as the default
user for all users connecting to this service. This is useful for
sharing files. You should also use it carefully as using it
incorrectly can cause security problems.
This user name only gets used once a connection is established. Thus
clients still need to connect as a valid user and supply a valid
password. Once connected, all file operations will be performed as the
"forced user", no matter what username the client connected as.
This can be very useful.
Default:
no forced user
Example:
force user = auser
This parameter allows the administrator to configure the string that
specifies the type of filesystem a share is using that is reported by
smbd when a client queries the filesystem type
for a share. The default type is "NTFS" for compatibility with
Windows NT but this can be changed to other strings such as "Samba" or
"FAT" if required.
Default:
fstype = NTFS
Example:
fstype = Samba
This is a tuning option. When this is enabled a caching algorithm
will be used to reduce the time taken for getwd() calls. This can have
a significant impact on performance, especially when the
widelinks parameter is set to False.
Default:
getwd cache = No
Example:
getwd cache = Yes
Synonym for "force group".
This is a username which will be used for access to services which are
specified as 'guest ok' (see below). Whatever
privileges this user has will be available to any client connecting to
the guest service. Typically this user will exist in the password
file, but will not have a valid login. The user account "ftp" is
often a good choice for this parameter. If a username is specified in
a given service, the specified username overrides this one.
One some systems the default guest account "nobody" may not be able to
print. Use another account in this case. You should test this by
trying to log in as your guest user (perhaps by using the "su -"
command) and trying to print using the system print command such as
lpr (1) or lp (1).
Default:
specified at compile time, usually "nobody"
Example:
guest account = ftp
If this parameter is 'yes' for a service, then no password is
required to connect to the service. Privileges will be those of the
guest account.
See the section below on security for more
information about this option.
Default:
guest ok = no
Example:
guest ok = yes
If this parameter is 'yes' for a service, then only guest
connections to the service are permitted. This parameter will have no
affect if "guest ok" or "public"
is not set for the service.
See the section below on security for more
information about this option.
Default:
guest only = no
Example:
guest only = yes
This is a boolean parameter that controls whether files starting with
a dot appear as hidden files.
Default:
hide dot files = yes
Example:
hide dot files = no
This is a list of files or directories that are not visible but are
accessible. The DOS 'hidden' attribute is applied to any files or
directories that match.
Each entry in the list must be separated by a '/', which allows
spaces to be included in the entry. '*' and '?' can be used
to specify multiple files or directories as in DOS wildcards.
Each entry must be a Unix path, not a DOS path and must not include the
Unix directory separator '/'.
Note that the case sensitivity option is applicable in hiding files.
Setting this parameter will affect the performance of Samba, as it
will be forced to check all files and directories for a match as they
are scanned.
See also "hide dot files", "veto
files" and "case sensitive".
Default
No files or directories are hidden by this option (dot files are hidden by default because of the "hide dot files" option).
Example
hide files = /.*/DesktopFolderDB/TrashFor%m/resource.frk/
The above example is based on files that the Macintosh SMB client
(DAVE) available from Thursby creates for
internal use, and also still hides all files beginning with a dot.
If "nis homedir" is true, and
smbd is also acting as a Win95/98 logon
server then this parameter specifies the NIS (or YP)
map from which the server for the user's home directory should be
extracted. At present, only the Sun auto.home map format is
understood. The form of the map is:
username server:/some/file/system
and the program will extract the servername from before the first
':'. There should probably be a better parsing system that copes
with different map formats and also Amd (another automounter) maps.
NB: A working NIS is required on the system for this option to work.
See also "nis homedir", domain
logons.
Default:
homedir map = auto.home
Example:
homedir map = amd.homedir
Synonym for allow hosts.
Synonym for denyhosts.
If this global parameter is a non-null string, it specifies the name
of a file to read for the names of hosts and users who will be allowed
access without specifying a password.
This is not be confused with allow hosts which
is about hosts access to services and is more useful for guest
services. hosts equiv may be useful for NT clients which will not
supply passwords to samba.
NOTE: The use of hosts equiv can be a major security hole. This is
because you are trusting the PC to supply the correct username. It is
very easy to get a PC to supply a false username. I recommend that the
hosts equiv option be only used if you really know what you are
doing, or perhaps on a home network where you trust your spouse and
kids. And only if you really trust them :-).
Default
No host equivalences
Example
hosts equiv = /etc/hosts.equiv
This allows you to include one config file inside another. The file
is included literally, as though typed in place.
This option allows you to setup multiple network interfaces, so that
Samba can properly handle browsing on all interfaces.
The option takes a list of ip/netmask pairs. The netmask may either be
a bitmask, or a bitlength.
For example, the following line:
interfaces = 192.168.2.10/24 192.168.3.10/24
would configure two network interfaces with IP addresses 192.168.2.10
and 192.168.3.10. The netmasks of both interfaces would be set to
255.255.255.0.
You could produce an equivalent result by using:
interfaces = 192.168.2.10/255.255.255.0 192.168.3.10/255.255.255.0
if you prefer that format.
If this option is not set then Samba will attempt to find a primary
interface, but won't attempt to configure more than one interface.
See also "bind interfaces only".
This is a list of users that should not be allowed to login to this
service. This is really a "paranoid" check to absolutely ensure an
improper setting does not breach your security.
A name starting with a '@' is interpreted as an NIS netgroup first
(if your system supports NIS), and then as a UNIX group if the name
was not found in the NIS netgroup database.
A name starting with '+' is interpreted only by looking in the
UNIX group database. A name starting with '&' is interpreted only
by looking in the NIS netgroup database (this requires NIS to be
working on your system). The characters '+' and '&' may be
used at the start of the name in either order so the value
"+&group" means check the UNIX group database, followed by the NIS
netgroup database, and the value "&+group" means check the NIS
netgroup database, followed by the UNIX group database (the same as
the '@' prefix).
The current servicename is substituted for
%S. This is useful in the [homes]
section.
See also "valid users".
Default:
No invalid users
Example:
invalid users = root fred admin @wheel
The value of the parameter (an integer) represents the number of
seconds between 'keepalive' packets. If this parameter is zero, no
keepalive packets will be sent. Keepalive packets, if sent, allow the
server to tell whether a client is still present and responding.
Keepalives should, in general, not be needed if the socket being used
has the SO_KEEPALIVE attribute set on it (see "socket
options"). Basically you should only use this option
if you strike difficulties.
Default:
keep alive = 0
Example:
keep alive = 60
For UNIXs that support kernel based oplocks
(currently only IRIX but hopefully also Linux and FreeBSD soon) this
parameter allows the use of them to be turned on or off.
Kernel oplocks support allows Samba oplocks to be
broken whenever a local UNIX process or NFS operation accesses a file
that smbd has oplocked. This allows complete
data consistency between SMB/CIFS, NFS and local file access (and is a
very cool feature :-).
This parameter defaults to "On" on systems that have the support,
and "off" on systems that don't. You should never need to touch
this parameter.
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies an LDAP search filter used to search for a
user name in the LDAP database. It must contain the string
%u which will be replaced with the user being
searched for.
Default:
empty string.
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies the TCP port number to use to contact
the LDAP server on.
Default:
ldap port = 389.
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies the entity to bind to the LDAP server
as (essentially the LDAP username) in order to be able to perform
queries and modifications on the LDAP database.
See also ldap root passwd.
Default:
empty string (no user defined)
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies the password for the entity to bind to the
LDAP server as (the password for this LDAP username) in order to be
able to perform queries and modifications on the LDAP database.
BUGS: This parameter should NOT be a readable parameter
in the smb.conf file and will be removed once a correct
storage place is found.
See also ldap root.
Default:
empty string.
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies the DNS name of the LDAP server to use
for SMB/CIFS authentication purposes.
Default:
ldap server = localhost
This parameter is part of the EXPERIMENTAL Samba support for a
password database stored on an LDAP server back-end. These options
are only available if your version of Samba was configured with
the --with-ldap option.
This parameter specifies the "dn" or LDAP "distinguished name"
that tells smbd to start from when searching
for an entry in the LDAP password database.
Default:
empty string.
This parameter determines if nmbd will produce
Lanman announce broadcasts that are needed by OS/2 clients in order
for them to see the Samba server in their browse list. This parameter
can have three values, "true", "false", or "auto". The
default is "auto". If set to "false" Samba will never produce
these broadcasts. If set to "true" Samba will produce Lanman
announce broadcasts at a frequency set by the parameter "lm
interval". If set to "auto" Samba will not send Lanman
announce broadcasts by default but will listen for them. If it hears
such a broadcast on the wire it will then start sending them at a
frequency set by the parameter "lm interval".
See also "lm interval".
Default:
lm announce = auto
Example:
lm announce = true
If Samba is set to produce Lanman announce broadcasts needed by
OS/2 clients (see the "lm announce"
parameter) then this parameter defines the frequency in seconds with
which they will be made. If this is set to zero then no Lanman
announcements will be made despite the setting of the "lm
announce" parameter.
See also "lm announce".
Default:
lm interval = 60
Example:
lm interval = 120
A boolean variable that controls whether all printers in the printcap
will be loaded for browsing by default. See the
"printers" section for more details.
Default:
load printers = yes
Example:
load printers = no
This option allows nmbd to try and become a
local master browser on a subnet. If set to False then
nmbd will not attempt to become a local master
browser on a subnet and will also lose in all browsing elections. By
default this value is set to true. Setting this value to true doesn't
mean that Samba will become the local master browser on a subnet,
just that nmbd will participate in
elections for local master browser.
Setting this value to False will cause nmbd
never to become a local master browser.
Default:
local master = yes
Synonym for "lock directory".
This option specifies the directory where lock files will be placed.
The lock files are used to implement the "max
connections" option.
Default:
lock directory = /tmp/samba
Example:
lock directory = /usr/local/samba/var/locks
This controls whether or not locking will be performed by the server
in response to lock requests from the client.
If "locking = no", all lock and unlock requests will appear to
succeed and all lock queries will indicate that the queried lock is
clear.
If "locking = yes", real locking will be performed by the server.
This option may be useful for read-only filesystems which may
not need locking (such as cdrom drives), although setting this
parameter of "no" is not really recommended even in this case.
Be careful about disabling locking either globally or in a specific
service, as lack of locking may result in data corruption. You should
never need to set this parameter.
Default:
locking = yes
Example:
locking = no
This options allows you to override the name of the Samba log file
(also known as the debug file).
This option takes the standard substitutions, allowing you to have
separate log files for each user or machine.
Example:
log file = /usr/local/samba/var/log.%m
Synonym for "debug level".
This parameter specifies the local path to which the home directory
will be connected (see "logon home") and is only
used by NT Workstations.
Note that this option is only useful if Samba is set up as a
logon server.
Example:
logon drive = h:
This parameter specifies the home directory location when a Win95/98 or
NT Workstation logs into a Samba PDC. It allows you to do
"NET USE H: /HOME"
from a command prompt, for example.
This option takes the standard substitutions, allowing you to have
separate logon scripts for each user or machine.
Note that this option is only useful if Samba is set up as a
logon server.
Example:
logon home = "\\remote_smb_server\%U"
Default:
logon home = "\\%N\%U"
This parameter specifies the home directory where roaming profiles
(USER.DAT / USER.MAN files for Windows 95/98) are stored.
This option takes the standard substitutions, allowing you to have
separate logon scripts for each user or machine. It also specifies
the directory from which the "desktop", "start menu",
"network neighborhood" and "programs" folders, and their
contents, are loaded and displayed on your Windows 95/98 client.
The share and the path must be readable by the user for the
preferences and directories to be loaded onto the Windows 95/98
client. The share must be writeable when the logs in for the first
time, in order that the Windows 95/98 client can create the user.dat
and other directories.
Thereafter, the directories and any of the contents can, if required, be
made read-only. It is not advisable that the USER.DAT file be made
read-only - rename it to USER.MAN to achieve the desired effect (a
MANdatory profile).
Windows clients can sometimes maintain a connection to the [homes]
share, even though there is no user logged in. Therefore, it is vital
that the logon path does not include a reference to the homes share
(i.e. setting this parameter to \\%N\HOMES\profile_path will cause
problems).
This option takes the standard substitutions, allowing you to have
separate logon scripts for each user or machine.
Note that this option is only useful if Samba is set up as a
logon server.
Default:
logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
Example:
logon path = \\PROFILESERVER\HOME_DIR\%U\PROFILE
This parameter specifies the batch file (.bat) or NT command file
(.cmd) to be downloaded and run on a machine when a user successfully
logs in. The file must contain the DOS style cr/lf line endings.
Using a DOS-style editor to create the file is recommended.
The script must be a relative path to the [netlogon] service. If
the [netlogon] service specifies a path of
/usr/local/samba/netlogon, and logon script = STARTUP.BAT, then the
file that will be downloaded is:
/usr/local/samba/netlogon/STARTUP.BAT
The contents of the batch file is entirely your choice. A suggested
command would be to add NET TIME \\SERVER /SET /YES, to force every
machine to synchronize clocks with the same time server. Another use
would be to add NET USE U: \\SERVER\UTILS for commonly used
utilities, or NET USE Q: \\SERVER\ISO9001_QA for example.
Note that it is particularly important not to allow write access to
the [netlogon] share, or to grant users write permission on the
batch files in a secure environment, as this would allow the batch
files to be arbitrarily modified and security to be breached.
This option takes the standard substitutions, allowing you to have
separate logon scripts for each user or machine.
Note that this option is only useful if Samba is set up as a
logon server.
Example:
logon script = scripts\%U.bat
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to stop printing or spooling a specific print job.
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
and job number to pause the print job. One way of implementing this is
by using job priorities, where jobs having a too low priority won't be
sent to the printer.
If a "%p" is given then the printername is put in its place. A
"%j" is replaced with the job number (an integer). On HPUX (see
printing=hpux), if the "-p%p" option is added
to the lpq command, the job will show up with the correct status,
i.e. if the job priority is lower than the set fence priority it will
have the PAUSED status, whereas if the priority is equal or higher it
will have the SPOOLED or PRINTING status.
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the
lppause command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
See also the "printing" parameter.
Default:
Currently no default value is given to this string, unless the
value of the "printing" parameter is SYSV, in
which case the default is :
lp -i %p-%j -H hold
or if the value of the "printing" parameter is softq,
then the default is:
qstat -s -j%j -h
Example for HPUX:
lppause command = /usr/bin/lpalt %p-%j -p0
This controls how long lpq info will be cached for to prevent the
lpq command being called too often. A separate cache is kept for
each variation of the lpq command used by the system, so if you
use different lpq commands for different users then they won't
share cache information.
The cache files are stored in /tmp/lpq.xxxx where xxxx is a hash of
the lpq command in use.
The default is 10 seconds, meaning that the cached results of a
previous identical lpq command will be used if the cached data is
less than 10 seconds old. A large value may be advisable if your
lpq command is very slow.
A value of 0 will disable caching completely.
See also the "printing" parameter.
Default:
lpq cache time = 10
Example:
lpq cache time = 30
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to obtain "lpq"-style printer status information.
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
as its only parameter and outputs printer status information.
Currently eight styles of printer status information are supported;
BSD, AIX, LPRNG, PLP, SYSV, HPUX, QNX and SOFTQ. This covers most UNIX
systems. You control which type is expected using the
"printing =" option.
Some clients (notably Windows for Workgroups) may not correctly send
the connection number for the printer they are requesting status
information about. To get around this, the server reports on the first
printer service connected to by the client. This only happens if the
connection number sent is invalid.
If a %p is given then the printername is put in its place. Otherwise
it is placed at the end of the command.
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the lpq
command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
See also the "printing" parameter.
Default:
depends on the setting of printing =
Example:
lpq command = /usr/bin/lpq %p
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to restart or continue printing or spooling a specific print
job.
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
and job number to resume the print job. See also the "lppause
command" parameter.
If a %p is given then the printername is put in its place. A
%j is replaced with the job number (an integer).
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the lpresume
command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
See also the "printing" parameter.
Default:
Currently no default value is given to this string, unless the
value of the "printing" parameter is SYSV, in
which case the default is :
lp -i %p-%j -H resume
or if the value of the "printing" parameter is softq,
then the default is:
qstat -s -j%j -r
Example for HPUX:
lpresume command = /usr/bin/lpalt %p-%j -p2
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to delete a print job.
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
and job number, and deletes the print job.
If a %p is given then the printername is put in its place. A
%j is replaced with the job number (an integer).
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the
lprm command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
See also the "printing" parameter.
Default:
depends on the setting of "printing ="
Example 1:
lprm command = /usr/bin/lprm -P%p %j
Example 2:
lprm command = /usr/bin/cancel %p-%j
If a Samba server is a member of an Windows NT Domain (see the
"security=domain") parameter) then
periodically a running smbd process will try and
change the MACHINE ACCOUNT PASWORD stored in the file called
<Domain>.<Machine>.mac where <Domain> is the name of the
Domain we are a member of and <Machine> is the primary
"NetBIOS name" of the machine
smbd is running on. This parameter specifies how
often this password will be changed, in seconds. The default is one
week (expressed in seconds), the same as a Windows NT Domain member
server.
See also smbpasswd (8), and the
"security=domain") parameter.
Default:
machine password timeout = 604800
This parameter specifies the name of a file which will contain output
created by a magic script (see the "magic
script" parameter below).
Warning: If two clients use the same "magic
script" in the same directory the output file content
is undefined.
Default:
magic output = <magic script name>.out
Example:
magic output = myfile.txt
This parameter specifies the name of a file which, if opened, will be
executed by the server when the file is closed. This allows a UNIX
script to be sent to the Samba host and executed on behalf of the
connected user.
Scripts executed in this way will be deleted upon completion,
permissions permitting.
If the script generates output, output will be sent to the file
specified by the "magic output" parameter (see
above).
Note that some shells are unable to interpret scripts containing
carriage-return-linefeed instead of linefeed as the end-of-line
marker. Magic scripts must be executable "as is" on the host,
which for some hosts and some shells will require filtering at the DOS
end.
Magic scripts are EXPERIMENTAL and should NOT be relied upon.
Default:
None. Magic scripts disabled.
Example:
magic script = user.csh
See the section on "NAME MANGLING".
This is for those who want to directly map UNIX file names which can
not be represented on Windows/DOS. The mangling of names is not always
what is needed. In particular you may have documents with file
extensions that differ between DOS and UNIX. For example, under UNIX
it is common to use ".html" for HTML files, whereas under
Windows/DOS ".htm" is more commonly used.
So to map "html" to "htm" you would use:
mangled map = (*.html *.htm)
One very useful case is to remove the annoying ";1" off the ends
of filenames on some CDROMS (only visible under some UNIXs). To do
this use a map of (*;1 *).
default:
no mangled map
Example:
mangled map = (*;1 *)
This controls whether non-DOS names under UNIX should be mapped to
DOS-compatible names ("mangled") and made visible, or whether non-DOS
names should simply be ignored.
See the section on "NAME MANGLING" for details
on how to control the mangling process.
If mangling is used then the mangling algorithm is as follows:
"~" is appended to the first part of the mangled
name, followed by a two-character unique sequence, based on the
original root name (i.e., the original filename minus its final
extension). The final extension is included in the hash calculation
only if it contains any upper case characters or is longer than three
characters.
Note that the character to use may be specified using the
"mangling char" option, if you don't like
'~'.
"___" as its extension regardless
of actual original extension (that's three underscores).
The two-digit hash value consists of upper case alphanumeric
characters.
This algorithm can cause name collisions only if files in a directory
share the same first five alphanumeric characters. The probability of
such a clash is 1/1300.
The name mangling (if enabled) allows a file to be copied between UNIX
directories from Windows/DOS while retaining the long UNIX
filename. UNIX files can be renamed to a new extension from
Windows/DOS and will retain the same basename. Mangled names do not
change between sessions.
Default:
mangled names = yes
Example:
mangled names = no
This controls what character is used as the "magic" character in
name mangling. The default is a '~' but
this may interfere with some software. Use this option to set it to
whatever you prefer.
Default:
mangling char = ~
Example:
mangling char = ^
This parameter controls the number of mangled names that should be
cached in the Samba server smbd.
This stack is a list of recently mangled base names (extensions are
only maintained if they are longer than 3 characters or contains upper
case characters).
The larger this value, the more likely it is that mangled names can be
successfully converted to correct long UNIX names. However, large
stack sizes will slow most directory access. Smaller stacks save
memory in the server (each stack element costs 256 bytes).
It is not possible to absolutely guarantee correct long file names, so
be prepared for some surprises!
Default:
mangled stack = 50
Example:
mangled stack = 100
This controls whether the DOS archive attribute should be mapped to
the UNIX owner execute bit. The DOS archive bit is set when a file
has been modified since its last backup. One motivation for this
option it to keep Samba/your PC from making any file it touches from
becoming executable under UNIX. This can be quite annoying for shared
source code, documents, etc...
Note that this requires the "create mask"
parameter to be set such that owner execute bit is not masked out
(i.e. it must include 100). See the parameter "create
mask" for details.
Default:
map archive = yes
Example:
map archive = no
This controls whether DOS style hidden files should be mapped to the
UNIX world execute bit.
Note that this requires the "create mask" to be
set such that the world execute bit is not masked out (i.e. it must
include 001). See the parameter "create mask"
for details.
Default:
map hidden = no
Example:
map hidden = yes
This controls whether DOS style system files should be mapped to the
UNIX group execute bit.
Note that this requires the "create mask" to be
set such that the group execute bit is not masked out (i.e. it must
include 010). See the parameter "create mask"
for details.
Default:
map system = no
Example:
map system = yes
This parameter is only useful in security modes
other than "security=share" - i.e. user,
server, and domain.
This parameter can take three different values, which tell
smbd what to do with user login requests that
don't match a valid UNIX user in some way.
The three settings are :
Note that this parameter is needed to set up "Guest" share
services when using security modes other than
share. This is because in these modes the name of the resource being
requested is *not* sent to the server until after the server has
successfully authenticated the client so the server cannot make
authentication decisions at the correct time (connection to the
share) for "Guest" shares.
For people familiar with the older Samba releases, this parameter
maps to the old compile-time setting of the GUEST_SESSSETUP value
in local.h.
Default:
map to guest = Never
Example:
map to guest = Bad User
This option allows the number of simultaneous connections to a service
to be limited. If "max connections" is greater than 0 then
connections will be refused if this number of connections to the
service are already open. A value of zero mean an unlimited number of
connections may be made.
Record lock files are used to implement this feature. The lock files
will be stored in the directory specified by the "lock
directory" option.
Default:
max connections = 0
Example:
max connections = 10
This option allows you to put an upper limit on the apparent size of
disks. If you set this option to 100 then all shares will appear to be
not larger than 100 MB in size.
Note that this option does not limit the amount of data you can put on
the disk. In the above case you could still store much more than 100
MB on the disk, but if a client ever asks for the amount of free disk
space or the total disk size then the result will be bounded by the
amount specified in "max disk size".
This option is primarily useful to work around bugs in some pieces of
software that can't handle very large disks, particularly disks over
1GB in size.
A "max disk size" of 0 means no limit.
Default:
max disk size = 0
Example:
max disk size = 1000
This option (an integer in kilobytes) specifies the max size the log
file should grow to. Samba periodically checks the size and if it is
exceeded it will rename the file, adding a ".old" extension.
A size of 0 means no limit.
Default:
max log size = 5000
Example:
max log size = 1000
This option controls the maximum number of outstanding simultaneous
SMB operations that samba tells the client it will allow. You should
never need to set this parameter.
Default:
max mux = 50
This parameter limits the maximum number of open files that one
smbd file serving process may have open for
a client at any one time. The default for this parameter is set
very high (10,000) as Samba uses only one bit per unopened file.
The limit of the number of open files is usually set by the
UNIX per-process file descriptor limit rather than this parameter
so you should never need to touch this parameter.
Default:
max open files = 10000
Synonym for ">(packetsize).
This option tells nmbd what the default 'time
to live' of NetBIOS names should be (in seconds) when
nmbd is requesting a name using either a
broadcast packet or from a WINS server. You should never need to
change this parameter. The default is 3 days.
Default:
max ttl = 259200
This option tells nmbd when acting as a WINS
server (wins support =true) what the maximum
'time to live' of NetBIOS names that nmbd will
grant will be (in seconds). You should never need to change this
parameter. The default is 6 days (518400 seconds).
See also the "min wins ttl" parameter.
Default:
max wins ttl = 518400
This option controls the maximum packet size that will be negotiated
by Samba. The default is 65535, which is the maximum. In some cases
you may find you get better performance with a smaller value. A value
below 2048 is likely to cause problems.
Default:
max xmit = 65535
Example:
max xmit = 8192
This specifies what command to run when the server receives a WinPopup
style message.
This would normally be a command that would deliver the message
somehow. How this is to be done is up to your imagination.
An example is:
message command = csh -c 'xedit %s;rm %s' &
This delivers the message using xedit, then removes it
afterwards. NOTE THAT IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THIS COMMAND RETURN
IMMEDIATELY. That's why I have the '&' on the end. If it doesn't
return immediately then your PCs may freeze when sending messages
(they should recover after 30secs, hopefully).
All messages are delivered as the global guest user. The command takes
the standard substitutions, although %u won't work
(%U may be better in this case).
Apart from the standard substitutions, some additional ones apply. In
particular:
"%s" = the filename containing the message.
"%t" = the destination that the message was sent to (probably the server
name).
"%f" = who the message is from.
You could make this command send mail, or whatever else takes your
fancy. Please let us know of any really interesting ideas you have.
Here's a way of sending the messages as mail to root:
message command = /bin/mail -s 'message from %f on %m' root < %s; rm %s
If you don't have a message command then the message won't be
delivered and Samba will tell the sender there was an
error. Unfortunately WfWg totally ignores the error code and carries
on regardless, saying that the message was delivered.
If you want to silently delete it then try:
"message command = rm %s".
For the really adventurous, try something like this:
message command = csh -c 'csh < %s |& /usr/local/samba/bin/smbclient -M %m; rm %s' &
this would execute the command as a script on the server, then give
them the result in a WinPopup message. Note that this could cause a
loop if you send a message from the server using smbclient! You better
wrap the above in a script that checks for this :-)
Default:
no message command
Example:
message command = csh -c 'xedit %s;rm %s' &
This sets the minimum amount of free disk space that must be available
before a user will be able to spool a print job. It is specified in
kilobytes. The default is 0, which means a user can always spool a print
job.
See also the printing parameter.
Default:
min print space = 0
Example:
min print space = 2000
This option tells nmbd when acting as a WINS
server (wins support = true) what the minimum
'time to live' of NetBIOS names that nmbd will
grant will be (in seconds). You should never need to change this
parameter. The default is 6 hours (21600 seconds).
Default:
min wins ttl = 21600
This option is used by the programs in the Samba suite to determine
what naming services and in what order to resolve host names to IP
addresses. The option takes a space separated string of different name
resolution options.
The options are :"lmhosts", "host", "wins" and "bcast". They cause
names to be resolved as follows :
Default:
name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast
Example:
name resolve order = lmhosts bcast host
This will cause the local lmhosts file to be examined first, followed
by a broadcast attempt, followed by a normal system hostname lookup.
This is a list of NetBIOS names that nmbd will
advertise as additional names by which the Samba server is known. This
allows one machine to appear in browse lists under multiple names. If
a machine is acting as a browse server or
logon server none of these names will be
advertised as either browse server or logon servers, only the primary
name of the machine will be advertised with these capabilities.
See also "netbios name".
Default:
empty string (no additional names)
Example:
netbios aliases = TEST TEST1 TEST2
This sets the NetBIOS name by which a Samba server is known. By
default it is the same as the first component of the host's DNS name.
If a machine is a browse server or
logon server this name (or the first component
of the hosts DNS name) will be the name that these services are
advertised under.
See also "netbios aliases".
Default:
Machine DNS name.
Example:
netbios name = MYNAME
Get the home share server from a NIS map. For UNIX systems that use an
automounter, the user's home directory will often be mounted on a
workstation on demand from a remote server.
When the Samba logon server is not the actual home directory server,
but is mounting the home directories via NFS then two network hops
would be required to access the users home directory if the logon
server told the client to use itself as the SMB server for home
directories (one over SMB and one over NFS). This can be very
slow.
This option allows Samba to return the home share as being on a
different server to the logon server and as long as a Samba daemon is
running on the home directory server, it will be mounted on the Samba
client directly from the directory server. When Samba is returning the
home share to the client, it will consult the NIS map specified in
"homedir map" and return the server listed
there.
Note that for this option to work there must be a working NIS
system and the Samba server with this option must also be a
logon server.
Default:
nis homedir = false
Example:
nis homedir = true
This boolean parameter controls whether smbd
will allow Windows NT clients to connect to the NT SMB specific
IPC$ pipes. This is a developer debugging option and can be left
alone.
Default:
nt pipe support = yes
This boolean parameter controls whether smbd
will negotiate NT specific SMB support with Windows NT
clients. Although this is a developer debugging option and should be
left alone, benchmarking has discovered that Windows NT clients give
faster performance with this option set to "no". This is still
being investigated. If this option is set to "no" then Samba
offers exactly the same SMB calls that versions prior to Samba2.0
offered. This information may be of use if any users are having
problems with NT SMB support.
Default:
nt support = yes
Allow or disallow client access to accounts that have null passwords.
See also smbpasswd (5).
Default:
null passwords = no
Example:
null passwords = yes
This parameter allows an administrator to turn off the byte range lock
manipulation that is done within Samba to give compatibility for OLE
applications. Windows OLE applications use byte range locking as a
form of inter-process communication, by locking ranges of bytes around
the 2^32 region of a file range. This can cause certain UNIX lock
managers to crash or otherwise cause problems. Setting this parameter
to "no" means you trust your UNIX lock manager to handle such cases
correctly.
Default:
ole locking compatibility = yes
Example:
ole locking compatibility = no
A synonym for "guest only".
This is a boolean option that controls whether connections with
usernames not in the user= list will be allowed. By
default this option is disabled so a client can supply a username to
be used by the server.
Note that this also means Samba won't try to deduce usernames from the
service name. This can be annoying for the [homes]
section. To get around this you could use "user =
%S" which means your "user" list
will be just the service name, which for home directories is the name
of the user.
See also the user parameter.
Default:
only user = False
Example:
only user = True
This boolean option tells smbd whether to issue oplocks (opportunistic
locks) to file open requests on this share. The oplock code can
dramatically (approx. 30% or more) improve the speed of access to files
on Samba servers. It allows the clients to aggressively cache files
locally and you may want to disable this option for unreliable network
environments (it is turned on by default in Windows NT Servers). For
more information see the file Speed.txt in the Samba docs/ directory.
Oplocks may be selectively turned off on certain files on a per share basis.
See the 'veto oplock files' parameter. On some systems oplocks are recognized
by the underlying operating system. This allows data synchronization between
all access to oplocked files, whether it be via Samba or NFS or a local
UNIX process. See the kernel oplocks parameter
for details.
Default:
oplocks = True
Example:
oplocks = False
This integer value controls what level Samba advertises itself as for
browse elections. The value of this parameter determines whether
nmbd has a chance of becoming a local master
browser for the WORKGROUP in the local broadcast
area. The default is zero, which means nmbd will
lose elections to Windows machines. See BROWSING.txt in the Samba
docs/ directory for details.
Default:
os level = 0
Example:
os level = 65 ; This will win against any NT Server
This is a deprecated parameter that how no effect on the current
Samba code. It is left in the parameter list to prevent breaking
old smb.conf files.
This is a Samba developer option that allows a system command to be
called when either smbd or
nmbd crashes. This is usually used to draw
attention to the fact that a problem occurred.
Default:
panic action = <empty string>
This string controls the "chat" conversation that takes places
between smbd and the local password changing
program to change the users password. The string describes a sequence
of response-receive pairs that smbd uses to
determine what to send to the passwd program
and what to expect back. If the expected output is not received then
the password is not changed.
This chat sequence is often quite site specific, depending on what
local methods are used for password control (such as NIS etc).
The string can contain the macros "%o" and "%n" which are
substituted for the old and new passwords respectively. It can also
contain the standard macros "\n", "\r", "\t" and "\s"
to give line-feed, carriage-return, tab and space.
The string can also contain a '*' which matches any sequence of
characters.
Double quotes can be used to collect strings with spaces in them into
a single string.
If the send string in any part of the chat sequence is a fullstop
"." then no string is sent. Similarly, is the expect string is a
fullstop then no string is expected.
Note that if the "unix password sync"
parameter is set to true, then this sequence is called *AS ROOT*
when the SMB password in the smbpasswd file is being changed, without
access to the old password cleartext. In this case the old password
cleartext is set to "" (the empty string).
See also "unix password sync",
"passwd program" and "passwd chat
debug".
Example:
passwd chat = "*Enter OLD password*" %o\n "*Enter NEW password*" %n\n "*Reenter NEW password*" %n\n "*Password changed*"
Default:
passwd chat = *old*password* %o\n *new*password* %n\n *new*password* %n\n *changed*
This boolean specifies if the passwd chat script parameter is run in
"debug" mode. In this mode the strings passed to and received from
the passwd chat are printed in the smbd log with
a "debug level" of 100. This is a dangerous
option as it will allow plaintext passwords to be seen in the
smbd log. It is available to help Samba admins
debug their "passwd chat" scripts when calling
the "passwd program" and should be turned off
after this has been done. This parameter is off by default.
See also "passwd chat", "passwd
program".
Example:
passwd chat debug = True
Default:
passwd chat debug = False
The name of a program that can be used to set UNIX user passwords.
Any occurrences of %u will be replaced with the
user name. The user name is checked for existence before calling the
password changing program.
Also note that many passwd programs insist in "reasonable"
passwords, such as a minimum length, or the inclusion of mixed case
chars and digits. This can pose a problem as some clients (such as
Windows for Workgroups) uppercase the password before sending it.
Note that if the "unix password sync"
parameter is set to "True" then this program is called *AS
ROOT* before the SMB password in the
smbpasswd file is changed. If this UNIX
password change fails, then smbd will fail to
change the SMB password also (this is by design).
If the "unix password sync" parameter is
set this parameter MUST USE ABSOLUTE PATHS for ALL programs
called, and must be examined for security implications. Note that by
default "unix password sync" is set to
"False".
See also "unix password sync".
Default:
passwd program = /bin/passwd
Example:
passwd program = /sbin/passwd %u
Some client/server combinations have difficulty with mixed-case
passwords. One offending client is Windows for Workgroups, which for
some reason forces passwords to upper case when using the LANMAN1
protocol, but leaves them alone when using COREPLUS!
This parameter defines the maximum number of characters that may be
upper case in passwords.
For example, say the password given was "FRED". If password
level is set to 1, the following combinations would be tried if
"FRED" failed:
"Fred", "fred", "fRed", "frEd", "freD"
If password level was set to 2, the following combinations would
also be tried:
"FRed", "FrEd", "FreD", "fREd", "fReD",
"frED", ..
And so on.
The higher value this parameter is set to the more likely it is that a
mixed case password will be matched against a single case
password. However, you should be aware that use of this parameter
reduces security and increases the time taken to process a new
connection.
A value of zero will cause only two attempts to be made - the password
as is and the password in all-lower case.
Default:
password level = 0
Example:
password level = 4
By specifying the name of another SMB server (such as a WinNT box)
with this option, and using "security = domain" or
"security = server" you can get Samba to do all
its username/password validation via a remote server.
This options sets the name of the password server to use. It must be a
NetBIOS name, so if the machine's NetBIOS name is different from its
internet name then you may have to add its NetBIOS name to the lmhosts
file which is stored in the same directory as the smb.conf file.
The name of the password server is looked up using the parameter
"name resolve order=" and so may resolved
by any method and order described in that parameter.
The password server much be a machine capable of using the "LM1.2X002"
or the "LM NT 0.12" protocol, and it must be in user level security
mode.
NOTE: Using a password server means your UNIX box (running Samba) is
only as secure as your password server. DO NOT CHOOSE A PASSWORD
SERVER THAT YOU DON'T COMPLETELY TRUST.
Never point a Samba server at itself for password serving. This will
cause a loop and could lock up your Samba server!
The name of the password server takes the standard substitutions, but
probably the only useful one is %m, which means
the Samba server will use the incoming client as the password
server. If you use this then you better trust your clients, and you
better restrict them with hosts allow!
If the "security" parameter is set to
"domain", then the list of machines in this option must be a list
of Primary or Backup Domain controllers for the
Domain, as the Samba server is cryptographicly
in that domain, and will use cryptographicly authenticated RPC calls
to authenticate the user logging on. The advantage of using
"security=domain" is that if you list
several hosts in the "password server" option then
smbd will try each in turn till it finds one
that responds. This is useful in case your primary server goes down.
If the "security" parameter is set to
"server", then there are different
restrictions that "security=domain"
doesn't suffer from:
See also the "security" parameter.
Default:
password server = <empty string>
Example:
password server = NT-PDC, NT-BDC1, NT-BDC2
This parameter specifies a directory to which the user of the service
is to be given access. In the case of printable services, this is
where print data will spool prior to being submitted to the host for
printing.
For a printable service offering guest access, the service should be
readonly and the path should be world-writeable and have the sticky bit
set. This is not mandatory of course, but you probably won't get the
results you expect if you do otherwise.
Any occurrences of %u in the path will be replaced
with the UNIX username that the client is using on this
connection. Any occurrences of %m will be replaced
by the NetBIOS name of the machine they are connecting from. These
replacements are very useful for setting up pseudo home directories
for users.
Note that this path will be based on "root dir" if
one was specified.
Default:
none
Example:
path = /home/fred
This option specifies a command to be run whenever the service is
disconnected. It takes the usual substitutions. The command may be run
as the root on some systems.
An interesting example may be do unmount server resources:
postexec = /etc/umount /cdrom
See also preexec.
Default:
none (no command executed)
Example:
postexec = echo "%u disconnected from %S from %m (%I)" >> /tmp/log
This parameter forces a printer to interpret the print files as
postscript. This is done by adding a %! to the start of print output.
This is most useful when you have lots of PCs that persist in putting
a control-D at the start of print jobs, which then confuses your
printer.
Default:
postscript = False
Example:
postscript = True
This option specifies a command to be run whenever the service is
connected to. It takes the usual substitutions.
An interesting example is to send the users a welcome message every
time they log in. Maybe a message of the day? Here is an example:
preexec = csh -c 'echo \"Welcome to %S!\" | /usr/local/samba/bin/smbclient -M %m -I %I' &
Of course, this could get annoying after a while :-)
See also postexec.
Default:
none (no command executed)
Example:
preexec = echo \"%u connected to %S from %m (%I)\" >> /tmp/log
This boolean parameter controls if nmbd is a
preferred master browser for its workgroup.
If this is set to true, on startup, nmbd will
force an election, and it will have a slight advantage in winning the
election. It is recommended that this parameter is used in
conjunction with "domain master = yes", so
that nmbd can guarantee becoming a domain
master.
Use this option with caution, because if there are several hosts
(whether Samba servers, Windows 95 or NT) that are preferred master
browsers on the same subnet, they will each periodically and
continuously attempt to become the local master browser. This will
result in unnecessary broadcast traffic and reduced browsing
capabilities.
See also os level.
Default:
preferred master = no
Example:
preferred master = yes
Synonym for "preferred master" for people
who cannot spell :-).
This controls if new filenames are created with the case that the
client passes, or if they are forced to be the "default" case.
Default:
preserve case = yes
See the section on "NAME MANGLING" for a
fuller discussion.
After a print job has finished spooling to a service, this command
will be used via a system() call to process the spool
file. Typically the command specified will submit the spool file to
the host's printing subsystem, but there is no requirement that this
be the case. The server will not remove the spool file, so whatever
command you specify should remove the spool file when it has been
processed, otherwise you will need to manually remove old spool files.
The print command is simply a text string. It will be used verbatim,
with two exceptions: All occurrences of "%s" will be replaced by
the appropriate spool file name, and all occurrences of "%p" will
be replaced by the appropriate printer name. The spool file name is
generated automatically by the server, the printer name is discussed
below.
The full path name will be used for the filename if "%s" is not
preceded by a '/'. If you don't like this (it can stuff up some
lpq output) then use "%f" instead. Any occurrences of "%f" get
replaced by the spool filename without the full path at the front.
The print command MUST contain at least one occurrence of "%s"
or "%f" - the "%p" is optional. At the time a job is
submitted, if no printer name is supplied the "%p" will be
silently removed from the printer command.
If specified in the "[global]" section, the print
command given will be used for any printable service that does not
have its own print command specified.
If there is neither a specified print command for a printable service
nor a global print command, spool files will be created but not
processed and (most importantly) not removed.
Note that printing may fail on some UNIXs from the "nobody"
account. If this happens then create an alternative guest account that
can print and set the "guest account" in the
"[global]" section.
You can form quite complex print commands by realizing that they are
just passed to a shell. For example the following will log a print
job, print the file, then remove it. Note that ';' is the usual
separator for command in shell scripts.
print command = echo Printing %s >> /tmp/print.log; lpr -P %p %s; rm %s
You may have to vary this command considerably depending on how you
normally print files on your system. The default for the parameter
varies depending on the setting of the "printing="
parameter.
Default:
For "printing=" BSD, AIX, QNX, LPRNG or PLP :
print command = lpr -r -P%p %s
For "printing=" SYS or HPUX :
print command = lp -c -d%p %s; rm %s
For "printing=" SOFTQ :
print command = lp -d%p -s %s; rm %s
Example:
print command = /usr/local/samba/bin/myprintscript %p %s
Synonym for printable.
If this parameter is "yes", then clients may open, write to and
submit spool files on the directory specified for the service.
Note that a printable service will ALWAYS allow writing to the service
path (user privileges permitting) via the spooling of print data. The
"read only" parameter controls only non-printing
access to the resource.
Default:
printable = no
Example:
printable = yes
Synonym for printcapname.
This parameter may be used to override the compiled-in default
printcap name used by the server (usually /etc/printcap). See the
discussion of the [printers] section above for
reasons why you might want to do this.
On System V systems that use lpstat to list available printers you
can use "printcap name = lpstat" to automatically obtain lists of
available printers. This is the default for systems that define SYSV
at configure time in Samba (this includes most System V based
systems). If "printcap name" is set to lpstat on these systems
then Samba will launch "lpstat -v" and attempt to parse the output
to obtain a printer list.
A minimal printcap file would look something like this:
print1|My Printer 1 print2|My Printer 2 print3|My Printer 3 print4|My Printer 4 print5|My Printer 5
where the '|' separates aliases of a printer. The fact that the
second alias has a space in it gives a hint to Samba that it's a
comment.
NOTE: Under AIX the default printcap name is
"/etc/qconfig". Samba will assume the file is in AIX "qconfig"
format if the string "/qconfig" appears in the printcap filename.
Default:
printcap name = /etc/printcap
Example:
printcap name = /etc/myprintcap
This parameter specifies the name of the printer to which print jobs
spooled through a printable service will be sent.
If specified in the [global] section, the printer
name given will be used for any printable service that does not have
its own printer name specified.
Default:
none (but may be "lp" on many systems)
Example:
printer name = laserwriter
This option allows you to control the string that clients receive when
they ask the server for the printer driver associated with a
printer. If you are using Windows95 or WindowsNT then you can use this
to automate the setup of printers on your system.
You need to set this parameter to the exact string (case sensitive)
that describes the appropriate printer driver for your system. If you
don't know the exact string to use then you should first try with no
"printer driver" option set and the client will give you a list of
printer drivers. The appropriate strings are shown in a scrollbox
after you have chosen the printer manufacturer.
See also "printer driver file".
Example:
printer driver = HP LaserJet 4L
This parameter tells Samba where the printer driver definition file,
used when serving drivers to Windows 95 clients, is to be found. If
this is not set, the default is :
SAMBA_INSTALL_DIRECTORY/lib/printers.def
This file is created from Windows 95 "msprint.def" files found on
the Windows 95 client system. For more details on setting up serving
of printer drivers to Windows 95 clients, see the documentation file
in the docs/ directory, PRINTER_DRIVER.txt.
Default:
None (set in compile).
Example:
printer driver file = /usr/local/samba/printers/drivers.def
See also "printer driver location".
This parameter tells clients of a particular printer share where to
find the printer driver files for the automatic installation of
drivers for Windows 95 machines. If Samba is set up to serve printer
drivers to Windows 95 machines, this should be set to
\\MACHINE\aPRINTER$
Where MACHINE is the NetBIOS name of your Samba server, and PRINTER$
is a share you set up for serving printer driver files. For more
details on setting this up see the documentation file in the docs/
directory, PRINTER_DRIVER.txt.
Default:
None
Example:
printer driver location = \\MACHINE\PRINTER$
See also "printer driver file".
Synonym for printer.
This parameters controls how printer status information is interpreted
on your system, and also affects the default values for the
"print command", "lpq
command" "lppause command",
"lpresume command", and "lprm
command".
Currently eight printing styles are supported. They are
"printing=BSD", "printing=AIX", "printing=LPRNG",
"printing=PLP",
"printing=SYSV","printing="HPUX","printing=QNX" and
"printing=SOFTQ".
To see what the defaults are for the other print commands when using
these three options use the "testparm" program.
This option can be set on a per printer basis
See also the discussion in the [printers] section.
The value of the parameter (a string) is the highest protocol level
that will be supported by the server.
Possible values are :
Normally this option should not be set as the automatic negotiation
phase in the SMB protocol takes care of choosing the appropriate
protocol.
Default:
protocol = NT1
Example:
protocol = LANMAN1
Synonym for "guest ok".
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to pause the printerqueue.
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
as its only parameter and stops the printerqueue, such that no longer
jobs are submitted to the printer.
This command is not supported by Windows for Workgroups, but can be
issued from the Printer's window under Windows 95 & NT.
If a "%p" is given then the printername is put in its
place. Otherwise it is placed at the end of the command.
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the
command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
Default:
depends on the setting of "printing ="
Example:
queuepause command = disable %p
This parameter specifies the command to be executed on the server host
in order to resume the printerqueue. It is the command to undo the
behavior that is caused by the previous parameter
("queuepause command).
This command should be a program or script which takes a printer name
as its only parameter and resumes the printerqueue, such that queued
jobs are resubmitted to the printer.
This command is not supported by Windows for Workgroups, but can be
issued from the Printer's window under Windows 95 & NT.
If a "%p" is given then the printername is put in its
place. Otherwise it is placed at the end of the command.
Note that it is good practice to include the absolute path in the
command as the PATH may not be available to the server.
Default:
depends on the setting of "printing ="
Example:
queuepause command = enable %p
This boolean parameter controls whether smbd
will support the "Read Block Multiplex" SMB. This is now rarely used
and defaults to off. You should never need to set this parameter.
Default:
read bmpx = No
This is a list of users that are given read-only access to a
service. If the connecting user is in this list then they will not be
given write access, no matter what the "read only"
option is set to. The list can include group names using the syntax
described in the "invalid users" parameter.
See also the "write list" parameter and
the "invalid users" parameter.
Default:
read list = <empty string>
Example:
read list = mary, @students
Note that this is an inverted synonym for
"writeable" and "write ok".
See also "writeable" and "write
ok".
NOTE: This code is currently disabled in Samba2.0 and
may be removed at a later date. Hence this parameter has
no effect.
This options enables or disables the read prediction code used to
speed up reads from the server. When enabled the server will try to
pre-read data from the last accessed file that was opened read-only
while waiting for packets.
Default:
read prediction = False
This parameter controls whether or not the server will support the raw
read SMB requests when transferring data to clients.
If enabled, raw reads allow reads of 65535 bytes in one packet. This
typically provides a major performance benefit.
However, some clients either negotiate the allowable block size
incorrectly or are incapable of supporting larger block sizes, and for
these clients you may need to disable raw reads.
In general this parameter should be viewed as a system tuning tool and left
severely alone. See also "write raw".
Default:
read raw = yes
The option "read size" affects the overlap of disk reads/writes
with network reads/writes. If the amount of data being transferred in
several of the SMB commands (currently SMBwrite, SMBwriteX and
SMBreadbraw) is larger than this value then the server begins writing
the data before it has received the whole packet from the network, or
in the case of SMBreadbraw, it begins writing to the network before
all the data has been read from disk.
This overlapping works best when the speeds of disk and network access
are similar, having very little effect when the speed of one is much
greater than the other.
The default value is 2048, but very little experimentation has been
done yet to determine the optimal value, and it is likely that the
best value will vary greatly between systems anyway. A value over
65536 is pointless and will cause you to allocate memory
unnecessarily.
Default:
read size = 2048
Example:
read size = 8192
This option allows you to setup nmbd to
periodically announce itself to arbitrary IP addresses with an
arbitrary workgroup name.
This is useful if you want your Samba server to appear in a remote
workgroup for which the normal browse propagation rules don't
work. The remote workgroup can be anywhere that you can send IP
packets to.
For example:
remote announce = 192.168.2.255/SERVERS 192.168.4.255/STAFF
the above line would cause nmbd to announce itself to the two given IP
addresses using the given workgroup names. If you leave out the
workgroup name then the one given in the
"workgroup" parameter is used instead.
The IP addresses you choose would normally be the broadcast addresses
of the remote networks, but can also be the IP addresses of known
browse masters if your network config is that stable.
See the documentation file BROWSING.txt in the docs/ directory.
Default:
remote announce = <empty string>
Example:
remote announce = 192.168.2.255/SERVERS 192.168.4.255/STAFF
This option allows you to setup nmbd to
periodically request synchronization of browse lists with the master
browser of a samba server that is on a remote segment. This option
will allow you to gain browse lists for multiple workgroups across
routed networks. This is done in a manner that does not work with any
non-samba servers.
This is useful if you want your Samba server and all local clients to
appear in a remote workgroup for which the normal browse propagation
rules don't work. The remote workgroup can be anywhere that you can
send IP packets to.
For example:
remote browse sync = 192.168.2.255 192.168.4.255
the above line would cause nmbd to request the
master browser on the specified subnets or addresses to synchronize
their browse lists with the local server.
The IP addresses you choose would normally be the broadcast addresses
of the remote networks, but can also be the IP addresses of known
browse masters if your network config is that stable. If a machine IP
address is given Samba makes NO attempt to validate that the remote
machine is available, is listening, nor that it is in fact the browse
master on it's segment.
Default:
remote browse sync = <empty string>
Example:
remote browse sync = 192.168.2.255 192.168.4.255
Note that this option only works with
"security=share" and will be ignored if
this is not the case.
This option controls whether Samba will allow a previously validated
username/password pair to be used to attach to a share. Thus if you
connect to \\server\share1 then to \\server\share2 it won't
automatically allow the client to request connection to the second
share as the same username as the first without a password.
If "revalidate" is "True" then the client will be denied
automatic access as the same username.
Default:
revalidate = False
Example:
revalidate = True
Synonym for "root directory".
Synonym for "root directory".
The server will "chroot()" (i.e. Change it's root directory) to
this directory on startup. This is not strictly necessary for secure
operation. Even without it the server will deny access to files not in
one of the service entries. It may also check for, and deny access to,
soft links to other parts of the filesystem, or attempts to use
".." in file names to access other directories (depending on the
setting of the "wide links" parameter).
Adding a "root directory" entry other than "/" adds an extra
level of security, but at a price. It absolutely ensures that no
access is given to files not in the sub-tree specified in the "root
directory" option, *including* some files needed for complete
operation of the server. To maintain full operability of the server
you will need to mirror some system files into the "root
directory" tree. In particular you will need to mirror /etc/passwd
(or a subset of it), and any binaries or configuration files needed
for printing (if required). The set of files that must be mirrored is
operating system dependent.
Default:
root directory = /
Example:
root directory = /homes/smb
This is the same as the "postexec" parameter
except that the command is run as root. This is useful for unmounting
filesystems (such as cdroms) after a connection is closed.
See also "postexec".
This is the same as the "preexec" parameter except
that the command is run as root. This is useful for mounting
filesystems (such as cdroms) before a connection is finalized.
See also "preexec".
This option affects how clients respond to Samba and is one of the most
important settings in the smb.conf file.
The option sets the "security mode bit" in replies to protocol
negotiations with smbd to turn share level
security on or off. Clients decide based on this bit whether (and how)
to transfer user and password information to the server.
The default is "security=user", as this is
the most common setting needed when talking to Windows 98 and Windows
NT.
The alternatives are "security = share",
"security = server" or
"security=domain".
*****NOTE THAT THIS DEFAULT IS DIFFERENT IN SAMBA2.0 THAN FOR
PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF SAMBA *******.
In previous versions of Samba the default was
"security=share" mainly because that was
the only option at one stage.
There is a bug in WfWg that has relevance to this setting. When in
user or server level security a WfWg client will totally ignore the
password you type in the "connect drive" dialog box. This makes it
very difficult (if not impossible) to connect to a Samba service as
anyone except the user that you are logged into WfWg as.
If your PCs use usernames that are the same as their usernames on the
UNIX machine then you will want to use "security = user". If you
mostly use usernames that don't exist on the UNIX box then use
"security = share".
You should also use security=share if
you want to mainly setup shares without a password (guest
shares). This is commonly used for a shared printer server. It is more
difficult to setup guest shares with
security=user, see the "map to
guest"parameter for details.
It is possible to use smbd in a "hybrid
mode" where it is offers both user and share level security under
different NetBIOS aliases. See the
NetBIOS aliases and the
include parameters for more information.
The different settings will now be explained.
Note that smbd *ALWAYS* uses a valid UNIX
user to act on behalf of the client, even in "security=share"
level security.
As clients are not required to send a username to the server
in share level security, smbd uses several
techniques to determine the correct UNIX user to use on behalf
of the client.
A list of possible UNIX usernames to match with the given
client password is constructed using the following methods :
If the "guest only" parameter is not set, then
this list is then tried with the supplied password. The first user for
whom the password matches will be used as the UNIX user.
If the "guest only" parameter is set, or no
username can be determined then if the share is marked as available to
the "guest account", then this guest user will
be used, otherwise access is denied.
Note that it can be *very* confusing in share-level security as to
which UNIX username will eventually be used in granting access.
See also the section "NOTE ABOUT USERNAME/PASSWORD
VALIDATION".
This is the default security setting in Samba2.0. With user-level
security a client must first "log-on" with a valid username and
password (which can be mapped using the "username
map" parameter). Encrypted passwords (see the
"encrypted passwords" parameter) can also
be used in this security mode. Parameters such as
"user" and "guest only", if set
are then applied and may change the UNIX user to use on this
connection, but only after the user has been successfully
authenticated.
Note that the name of the resource being requested is
*not* sent to the server until after the server has successfully
authenticated the client. This is why guest shares don't work in user
level security without allowing the server to automatically map unknown
users into the "guest account". See the
"map to guest" parameter for details on
doing this.
See also the section "NOTE ABOUT USERNAME/PASSWORD
VALIDATION".
In this mode Samba will try to validate the username/password by
passing it to another SMB server, such as an NT box. If this fails it
will revert to "security = user", but note that if encrypted
passwords have been negotiated then Samba cannot revert back to
checking the UNIX password file, it must have a valid smbpasswd file
to check users against. See the documentation file in the docs/
directory ENCRYPTION.txt for details on how to set this up.
Note that from the clients point of view "security=server" is
the same as "security=user". It only
affects how the server deals with the authentication, it does not in
any way affect what the client sees.
Note that the name of the resource being requested is
*not* sent to the server until after the server has successfully
authenticated the client. This is why guest shares don't work in server
level security without allowing the server to automatically map unknown
users into the "guest account". See the
"map to guest" parameter for details on
doing this.
See also the section "NOTE ABOUT USERNAME/PASSWORD
VALIDATION".
See also the "password server" parameter.
and the "encrypted passwords" parameter.
This mode will only work correctly if
smbpasswd has been used to add this machine
into a Windows NT Domain. It expects the "encrypted
passwords" parameter to be set to "true". In
this mode Samba will try to validate the username/password by passing
it to a Windows NT Primary or Backup Domain Controller, in exactly the
same way that a Windows NT Server would do.
Note that a valid UNIX user must still exist as well as the
account on the Domain Controller to allow Samba to have a valid
UNIX account to map file access to.
Note that from the clients point of view "security=domain" is
the same as "security=user". It only
affects how the server deals with the authentication, it does not in
any way affect what the client sees.
Note that the name of the resource being requested is
*not* sent to the server until after the server has successfully
authenticated the client. This is why guest shares don't work in domain
level security without allowing the server to automatically map unknown
users into the "guest account". See the
"map to guest" parameter for details on
doing this.
e,(BUG:) There is currently a bug in the implementation of
"security=domain with respect to multi-byte character
set usernames. The communication with a Domain Controller
must be done in UNICODE and Samba currently does not widen
multi-byte user names to UNICODE correctly, thus a multi-byte
username will not be recognized correctly at the Domain Controller.
This issue will be addressed in a future release.
See also the section "NOTE ABOUT USERNAME/PASSWORD
VALIDATION".
See also the "password server" parameter.
and the "encrypted passwords" parameter.
Default:
security = USER
Example:
security = DOMAIN
This controls what string will show up in the printer comment box in
print manager and next to the IPC connection in "net view". It can be
any string that you wish to show to your users.
It also sets what will appear in browse lists next to the machine
name.
A "%v" will be replaced with the Samba version number.
A "%h" will be replaced with the hostname.
Default:
server string = Samba %v
Example:
server string = University of GNUs Samba Server
If "set directory = no", then users of the service may not use the
setdir command to change directory.
The setdir command is only implemented in the Digital Pathworks
client. See the Pathworks documentation for details.
Default:
set directory = no
Example:
set directory = yes
This enables or disables the honoring of the "share modes" during a
file open. These modes are used by clients to gain exclusive read or
write access to a file.
These open modes are not directly supported by UNIX, so they are
simulated using shared memory, or lock files if your UNIX doesn't
support shared memory (almost all do).
The share modes that are enabled by this option are DENY_DOS,
DENY_ALL, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE, DENY_NONE and DENY_FCB.
This option gives full share compatibility and enabled by default.
You should *NEVER* turn this parameter off as many Windows
applications will break if you do so.
Default:
share modes = yes
It specifies the size of the shared memory (in bytes) to use between
smbd processes. This parameter defaults to one
megabyte of shared memory. It is possible that if you have a large
server with many files open simultaneously that you may need to
increase this parameter. Signs that this parameter is set too low are
users reporting strange problems trying to save files (locking errors)
and error messages in the smbd log looking like "ERROR
smb_shm_alloc : alloc of XX bytes failed".
Default:
shared mem size = 1048576
Example:
shared mem size = 5242880 ; Set to 5mb for a large number of files.
This boolean parameter controls if new files which conform to 8.3
syntax, that is all in upper case and of suitable length, are created
upper case, or if they are forced to be the "default" case. This
option can be use with "preserve case
=yes" to permit long filenames to retain their
case, while short names are lowered. Default Yes.
See the section on NAME MANGLING.
Default:
short preserve case = yes
This option sets the path to the encrypted smbpasswd file. By default
the path to the smbpasswd file is compiled into Samba.
Default:
smb passwd file= <compiled default>
Example:
smb passwd file = /usr/samba/private/smbpasswd
This sets the full path to the smbrun binary. This defaults to the
value in the Makefile.
You must get this path right for many services to work correctly.
You should not need to change this parameter so long as Samba
is installed correctly.
Default:
smbrun=<compiled default>
Example:
smbrun = /usr/local/samba/bin/smbrun
This option allows you to control what address Samba will listen for
connections on. This is used to support multiple virtual interfaces on
the one server, each with a different configuration.
By default samba will accept connections on any address.
Example:
socket address = 192.168.2.20
This option allows you to set socket options to be used when talking
with the client.
Socket options are controls on the networking layer of the operating
systems which allow the connection to be tuned.
This option will typically be used to tune your Samba server for
optimal performance for your local network. There is no way that Samba
can know what the optimal parameters are for your net, so you must
experiment and choose them yourself. We strongly suggest you read the
appropriate documentation for your operating system first (perhaps
"man setsockopt" will help).
You may find that on some systems Samba will say "Unknown socket
option" when you supply an option. This means you either incorrectly
typed it or you need to add an include file to includes.h for your OS.
If the latter is the case please send the patch to
samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au.
Any of the supported socket options may be combined in any way you
like, as long as your OS allows it.
This is the list of socket options currently settable using this
option:
Those marked with a * take an integer argument. The others can
optionally take a 1 or 0 argument to enable or disable the option, by
default they will be enabled if you don't specify 1 or 0.
To specify an argument use the syntax SOME_OPTION=VALUE for example
SO_SNDBUF=8192. Note that you must not have any spaces before or after
the = sign.
If you are on a local network then a sensible option might be
socket options = IPTOS_LOWDELAY
If you have a local network then you could try:
socket options = IPTOS_LOWDELAY TCP_NODELAY
If you are on a wide area network then perhaps try setting
IPTOS_THROUGHPUT.
Note that several of the options may cause your Samba server to fail
completely. Use these options with caution!
Default:
socket options = TCP_NODELAY
Example:
socket options = IPTOS_LOWDELAY
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This variable enables or disables the entire SSL mode. If it is set to
"no", the SSL enabled samba behaves exactly like the non-SSL samba. If
set to "yes", it depends on the variables "ssl
hosts" and "ssl hosts resign"
whether an SSL connection will be required.
Default:
ssl=no
Example:
ssl=yes
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This variable defines where to look up the Certification
Authorities. The given directory should contain one file for each CA
that samba will trust. The file name must be the hash value over the
"Distinguished Name" of the CA. How this directory is set up is
explained later in this document. All files within the directory that
don't fit into this naming scheme are ignored. You don't need this
variable if you don't verify client certificates.
Default:
ssl CA certDir = /usr/local/ssl/certs
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This variable is a second way to define the trusted CAs. The
certificates of the trusted CAs are collected in one big file and this
variable points to the file. You will probably only use one of the two
ways to define your CAs. The first choice is preferable if you have
many CAs or want to be flexible, the second is preferable if you only
have one CA and want to keep things simple (you won't need to create
the hashed file names). You don't need this variable if you don't
verify client certificates.
Default:
ssl CA certFile = /usr/local/ssl/certs/trustedCAs.pem
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This variable defines the ciphers that should be offered during SSL
negotiation. You should not set this variable unless you know what you
are doing.
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
The certificate in this file is used by
smbclient if it exists. It's needed if the
server requires a client certificate.
Default:
ssl client cert = /usr/local/ssl/certs/smbclient.pem
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This is the private key for smbclient. It's
only needed if the client should have a certificate.
Default:
ssl client key = /usr/local/ssl/private/smbclient.pem
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This variable defines whether SSLeay should be configured for bug
compatibility with other SSL implementations. This is probably not
desirable because currently no clients with SSL implementations other
than SSLeay exist.
Default:
ssl compatibility = no
See "ssl hosts resign".
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
These two variables define whether samba will go into SSL mode or
not. If none of them is defined, samba will allow only SSL
connections. If the "ssl hosts" variable lists
hosts (by IP-address, IP-address range, net group or name), only these
hosts will be forced into SSL mode. If the "ssl hosts resign"
variable lists hosts, only these hosts will NOT be forced into SSL
mode. The syntax for these two variables is the same as for the
"hosts allow" and "hosts
deny" pair of variables, only that the subject of the
decision is different: It's not the access right but whether SSL is
used or not. See the "allow hosts" parameter for
details. The example below requires SSL connections from all hosts
outside the local net (which is 192.168.*.*).
Default:
ssl hosts = <empty string>
ssl hosts resign = <empty string>
Example:
ssl hosts resign = 192.168.
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
If this variable is set to "yes", the server will not tolerate
connections from clients that don't have a valid certificate. The
directory/file given in "ssl CA certDir" and
"ssl CA certFile" will be used to look up the
CAs that issued the client's certificate. If the certificate can't be
verified positively, the connection will be terminated. If this
variable is set to "no", clients don't need certificates. Contrary
to web applications you really *should* require client
certificates. In the web environment the client's data is sensitive
(credit card numbers) and the server must prove to be trustworthy. In
a file server environment the server's data will be sensitive and the
clients must prove to be trustworthy.
Default:
ssl require clientcert = no
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
If this variable is set to "yes", the
smbclient will request a certificate from
the server. Same as "ssl require
clientcert" for the server.
Default:
ssl require servercert = no
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This is the file containing the server's certificate. The server _must_
have a certificate. The file may also contain the server's private key.
See later for how certificates and private keys are created.
Default:
ssl server cert = <empty string>
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This file contains the private key of the server. If this variable is
not defined, the key is looked up in the certificate file (it may be
appended to the certificate). The server *must* have a private key
and the certificate *must* match this private key.
Default:
ssl server key = <empty string>
This variable is part of SSL-enabled Samba. This is only available if
the SSL libraries have been compiled on your system and the configure
option "--with-ssl" was given at configure time.
Note that for export control reasons this code is **NOT**
enabled by default in any current binary version of Samba.
This enumeration variable defines the versions of the SSL protocol
that will be used. "ssl2or3" allows dynamic negotiation of SSL v2
or v3, "ssl2" results in SSL v2, "ssl3" results in SSL v3 and
"tls1" results in TLS v1. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the
(proposed?) new standard for SSL.
Default:
ssl version = "ssl2or3"
This parameter determines if smbd will use a
cache in order to speed up case insensitive name mappings. You should
never need to change this parameter.
Default:
stat cache = yes
This parameter determines the number of entries in the stat
cache. You should never need to change this parameter.
Default:
stat cache size = 50
This enables or disables logging of connections to a status file that
smbstatus can read.
With this disabled smbstatus won't be able
to tell you what connections are active. You should never need to
change this parameter.
Default:
status = yes
This is a boolean that controls the handling of file locking in the
server. When this is set to "yes" the server will check every read and
write access for file locks, and deny access if locks exist. This can
be slow on some systems.
When strict locking is "no" the server does file lock checks only
when the client explicitly asks for them.
Well behaved clients always ask for lock checks when it is important,
so in the vast majority of cases "strict locking = no" is
preferable.
Default:
strict locking = no
Example:
strict locking = yes
Many Windows applications (including the Windows 98 explorer shell)
seem to confuse flushing buffer contents to disk with doing a sync to
disk. Under UNIX, a sync call forces the process to be suspended until
the kernel has ensured that all outstanding data in kernel disk
buffers has been safely stored onto stable storage. This is very slow
and should only be done rarely. Setting this parameter to "no" (the
default) means that smbd ignores the Windows applications requests for
a sync call. There is only a possibility of losing data if the
operating system itself that Samba is running on crashes, so there is
little danger in this default setting. In addition, this fixes many
performance problems that people have reported with the new Windows98
explorer shell file copies.
See also the "sync always" parameter.
Default:
strict sync = no
Example:
strict sync = yes
This is a boolean that controls whether to strip trailing dots off
UNIX filenames. This helps with some CDROMs that have filenames ending
in a single dot.
Default:
strip dot = no
Example:
strip dot = yes
This is a boolean parameter that controls whether writes will always
be written to stable storage before the write call returns. If this is
false then the server will be guided by the client's request in each
write call (clients can set a bit indicating that a particular write
should be synchronous). If this is true then every write will be
followed by a fsync() call to ensure the data is written to disk.
Note that the "strict sync" parameter must be
set to "yes" in order for this parameter to have any affect.
See also the "strict sync" parameter.
Default:
sync always = no
Example:
sync always = yes
This parameter maps how Samba debug messages are logged onto the
system syslog logging levels. Samba debug level zero maps onto syslog
LOG_ERR, debug level one maps onto LOG_WARNING, debug level two maps
to LOG_NOTICE, debug level three maps onto LOG_INFO. The parameter
sets the threshold for doing the mapping, all Samba debug messages
above this threshold are mapped to syslog LOG_DEBUG messages.
Default:
syslog = 1
If this parameter is set then Samba debug messages are logged into the
system syslog only, and not to the debug log files.
Default:
syslog only = no
This parameter is a setting in minutes to add to the normal GMT to
local time conversion. This is useful if you are serving a lot of PCs
that have incorrect daylight saving time handling.
Default:
time offset = 0
Example:
time offset = 60
This parameter determines if nmbd advertises
itself as a time server to Windows clients. The default is False.
Default:
time server = False
Example:
time server = True
Samba2.0 will a timestamps to all log entries by default. This
can be distracting if you are attempting to debug a problem. This
parameter allows the timestamping to be turned off.
Default:
timestamp logs = True
Example:
timestamp logs = False
This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to synchronize
the UNIX password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB
password in the smbpasswd file is changed. If this is set to true the
program specified in the "passwd program"
parameter is called *AS ROOT* - to allow the new UNIX password to be
set without access to the old UNIX password (as the SMB password has
change code has no access to the old password cleartext, only the
new). By default this is set to "false".
See also "passwd program", "passwd
chat".
Default:
unix password sync = False
Example:
unix password sync = True
This boolean parameter when set causes samba to supply the real name
field from the unix password file to the client. This is useful for
setting up mail clients and WWW browsers on systems used by more than
one person.
Default:
unix realname = no
Example:
unix realname = yes
This boolean parameter allows a user logging on with a plaintext
password to have their encrypted (hashed) password in the smbpasswd
file to be updated automatically as they log on. This option allows a
site to migrate from plaintext password authentication (users
authenticate with plaintext password over the wire, and are checked
against a UNIX account database) to encrypted password authentication
(the SMB challenge/response authentication mechanism) without forcing
all users to re-enter their passwords via smbpasswd at the time the
change is made. This is a convenience option to allow the change over
to encrypted passwords to be made over a longer period. Once all users
have encrypted representations of their passwords in the smbpasswd
file this parameter should be set to "off".
In order for this parameter to work correctly the "encrypt
passwords" parameter must be set to "no" when
this parameter is set to "yes".
Note that even when this parameter is set a user authenticating to
smbd must still enter a valid password in order to connect correctly,
and to update their hashed (smbpasswd) passwords.
Default:
update encrypted = no
Example:
update encrypted = yes
If this global parameter is a true, it specifies that the UNIX users
".rhosts" file in their home directory will be read to find the
names of hosts and users who will be allowed access without specifying
a password.
NOTE: The use of use rhosts can be a major security hole. This is
because you are trusting the PC to supply the correct username. It is
very easy to get a PC to supply a false username. I recommend that the
use rhosts option be only used if you really know what you are
doing.
Default:
use rhosts = no
Example:
use rhosts = yes
Synonym for "username".
Synonym for "username".
Multiple users may be specified in a comma-delimited list, in which
case the supplied password will be tested against each username in
turn (left to right).
The username= line is needed only when the PC is unable to supply
its own username. This is the case for the COREPLUS protocol or where
your users have different WfWg usernames to UNIX usernames. In both
these cases you may also be better using the \\server\share%user
syntax instead.
The username= line is not a great solution in many cases as it
means Samba will try to validate the supplied password against each of
the usernames in the username= line in turn. This is slow and a bad
idea for lots of users in case of duplicate passwords. You may get
timeouts or security breaches using this parameter unwisely.
Samba relies on the underlying UNIX security. This parameter does not
restrict who can login, it just offers hints to the Samba server as to
what usernames might correspond to the supplied password. Users can
login as whoever they please and they will be able to do no more
damage than if they started a telnet session. The daemon runs as the
user that they log in as, so they cannot do anything that user cannot
do.
To restrict a service to a particular set of users you can use the
"valid users=" parameter.
If any of the usernames begin with a '@' then the name will be
looked up first in the yp netgroups list (if Samba is compiled with
netgroup support), followed by a lookup in the UNIX groups database
and will expand to a list of all users in the group of that name.
If any of the usernames begin with a '+' then the name will be
looked up only in the UNIX groups database and will expand to a list
of all users in the group of that name.
If any of the usernames begin with a '&' then the name will be
looked up only in the yp netgroups database (if Samba is compiled with
netgroup support) and will expand to a list of all users in the
netgroup group of that name.
Note that searching though a groups database can take quite some time,
and some clients may time out during the search.
See the section "NOTE ABOUT USERNAME/PASSWORD
VALIDATION" for more
information on how this parameter determines access to the services.
Default:
The guest account if a guest service, else the name of the service.
Examples:
username = fred username = fred, mary, jack, jane, @users, @pcgroup
This option helps Samba to try and 'guess' at the real UNIX username,
as many DOS clients send an all-uppercase username. By default Samba
tries all lowercase, followed by the username with the first letter
capitalized, and fails if the username is not found on the UNIX
machine.
If this parameter is set to non-zero the behavior changes. This
parameter is a number that specifies the number of uppercase
combinations to try whilst trying to determine the UNIX user name. The
higher the number the more combinations will be tried, but the slower
the discovery of usernames will be. Use this parameter when you have
strange usernames on your UNIX machine, such as "AstrangeUser".
Default:
username level = 0
Example:
username level = 5
This option allows you to specify a file containing a mapping of
usernames from the clients to the server. This can be used for several
purposes. The most common is to map usernames that users use on DOS or
Windows machines to those that the UNIX box uses. The other is to map
multiple users to a single username so that they can more easily share
files.
The map file is parsed line by line. Each line should contain a single
UNIX username on the left then a '=' followed by a list of
usernames on the right. The list of usernames on the right may contain
names of the form @group in which case they will match any UNIX
username in that group. The special client name '*' is a wildcard
and matches any name. Each line of the map file may be up to 1023
characters long.
The file is processed on each line by taking the supplied username and
comparing it with each username on the right hand side of the '='
signs. If the supplied name matches any of the names on the right hand
side then it is replaced with the name on the left. Processing then
continues with the next line.
If any line begins with a '#' or a ';' then it is ignored
If any line begins with an '!' then the processing will stop after
that line if a mapping was done by the line. Otherwise mapping
continues with every line being processed. Using '!' is most
useful when you have a wildcard mapping line later in the file.
For example to map from the name "admin" or "administrator" to
the UNIX name "root" you would use:
root = admin administrator
Or to map anyone in the UNIX group "system" to the UNIX name
"sys" you would use:
sys = @system
You can have as many mappings as you like in a username map file.
If your system supports the NIS NETGROUP option then the netgroup
database is checked before the /etc/group database for matching
groups.
You can map Windows usernames that have spaces in them by using double
quotes around the name. For example:
tridge = "Andrew Tridgell"
would map the windows username "Andrew Tridgell" to the unix
username tridge.
The following example would map mary and fred to the unix user sys,
and map the rest to guest. Note the use of the '!' to tell Samba
to stop processing if it gets a match on that line.
!sys = mary fred guest = *
Note that the remapping is applied to all occurrences of
usernames. Thus if you connect to "\\server\fred" and "fred"
is remapped to "mary" then you will actually be connecting to
"\\server\mary" and will need to supply a password suitable for
"mary" not "fred". The only exception to this is the username
passed to the "password server" (if you have
one). The password server will receive whatever username the client
supplies without modification.
Also note that no reverse mapping is done. The main effect this has is
with printing. Users who have been mapped may have trouble deleting
print jobs as PrintManager under WfWg will think they don't own the
print job.
Default:
no username map
Example:
username map = /usr/local/samba/lib/users.map
The option allows you to specify additional characters that should be
considered valid by the server in filenames. This is particularly
useful for national character sets, such as adding u-umlaut or a-ring.
The option takes a list of characters in either integer or character
form with spaces between them. If you give two characters with a colon
between them then it will be taken as an lowercase:uppercase pair.
If you have an editor capable of entering the characters into the
config file then it is probably easiest to use this method. Otherwise
you can specify the characters in octal, decimal or hexadecimal form
using the usual C notation.
For example to add the single character 'Z' to the charset (which
is a pointless thing to do as it's already there) you could do one of
the following
valid chars = Z valid chars = z:Z valid chars = 0132:0172
The last two examples above actually add two characters, and alter the
uppercase and lowercase mappings appropriately.
Note that you MUST specify this parameter after the "client
code page" parameter if you have both set. If
"client code page" is set after the
"valid chars" parameter the "valid chars" settings will be
overwritten.
See also the "client code page" parameter.
Default:
Samba defaults to using a reasonable set of valid characters for English systems
Example
valid chars = 0345:0305 0366:0326 0344:0304
The above example allows filenames to have the Swedish characters in
them.
NOTE: It is actually quite difficult to correctly produce a "valid
chars" line for a particular system. To automate the process
tino@augsburg.net has written a package called "validchars"
which will automatically produce a complete "valid chars" line for
a given client system. Look in the examples/validchars/ subdirectory
of your Samba source code distribution for this package.
This is a list of users that should be allowed to login to this
service. Names starting with '@', '+' and '&' are
interpreted using the same rules as described in the "invalid
users" parameter.
If this is empty (the default) then any user can login. If a username
is in both this list and the "invalid users"
list then access is denied for that user.
The current servicename is substituted for
"%S". This is useful in the
[homes] section.
See also "invalid users".
Default:
No valid users list. (anyone can login)
Example:
valid users = greg, @pcusers
This is a list of files and directories that are neither visible nor
accessible. Each entry in the list must be separated by a '/',
which allows spaces to be included in the entry. '*' and '?'
can be used to specify multiple files or directories as in DOS
wildcards.
Each entry must be a unix path, not a DOS path and must *not* include the
unix directory separator '/'.
Note that the "case sensitive" option is
applicable in vetoing files.
One feature of the veto files parameter that it is important to be
aware of, is that if a directory contains nothing but files that match
the veto files parameter (which means that Windows/DOS clients cannot
ever see them) is deleted, the veto files within that directory *are
automatically deleted* along with it, if the user has UNIX permissions
to do so.
Setting this parameter will affect the performance of Samba, as it
will be forced to check all files and directories for a match as they
are scanned.
See also "hide files" and "case
sensitive".
Default:
No files or directories are vetoed.
Examples:
Example 1.
Veto any files containing the word Security,
any ending in .tmp, and any directory containing the
word root.
veto files = /*Security*/*.tmp/*root*/
Example 2.
Veto the Apple specific files that a NetAtalk server
creates.
veto files = /.AppleDouble/.bin/.AppleDesktop/Network Trash Folder/
This parameter is only valid when the "oplocks"
parameter is turned on for a share. It allows the Samba administrator
to selectively turn off the granting of oplocks on selected files that
match a wildcarded list, similar to the wildcarded list used in the
"veto files" parameter.
Default:
No files are vetoed for oplock grants.
Examples:
You might want to do this on files that you know will be heavily
contended for by clients. A good example of this is in the NetBench
SMB benchmark program, which causes heavy client contention for files
ending in ".SEM". To cause Samba not to grant oplocks on these
files you would use the line (either in the [global]
section or in the section for the particular NetBench share :
veto oplock files = /*.SEM/
This allows you to override the volume label returned for a
share. Useful for CDROMs with installation programs that insist on a
particular volume label.
The default is the name of the share.
This parameter controls whether or not links in the UNIX file system
may be followed by the server. Links that point to areas within the
directory tree exported by the server are always allowed; this
parameter controls access only to areas that are outside the directory
tree being exported.
Default:
wide links = yes
Example:
wide links = no
This is a boolean that controls if nmbd will
respond to broadcast name queries on behalf of other hosts. You may
need to set this to "yes" for some older clients.
Default:
wins proxy = no
This specifies the DNS name (or IP address) of the WINS server that
nmbd should register with. If you have a WINS
server on your network then you should set this to the WINS servers
name.
You should point this at your WINS server if you have a
multi-subnetted network.
NOTE. You need to set up Samba to point to a WINS server if you
have multiple subnets and wish cross-subnet browsing to work correctly.
See the documentation file BROWSING.txt in the docs/ directory of your
Samba source distribution.
Default:
wins server =
Example:
wins server = 192.9.200.1
This boolean controls if the nmbd process in
Samba will act as a WINS server. You should not set this to true
unless you have a multi-subnetted network and you wish a particular
nmbd to be your WINS server. Note that you
should *NEVER* set this to true on more than one machine in your
network.
Default:
wins support = no
This controls what workgroup your server will appear to be in when
queried by clients. Note that this parameter also controls the Domain
name used with the "security=domain"
setting.
Default:
set at compile time to WORKGROUP
Example:
workgroup = MYGROUP
Synonym for "writeable" for people who can't spell :-).
This is a list of users that are given read-write access to a
service. If the connecting user is in this list then they will be
given write access, no matter what the "read only"
option is set to. The list can include group names using the @group
syntax.
Note that if a user is in both the read list and the write list then
they will be given write access.
See also the "read list" option.
Default:
write list = <empty string>
Example:
write list = admin, root, @staff
Synonym for writeable.
This parameter controls whether or not the server will support raw
writes SMB's when transferring data from clients. You should never
need to change this parameter.
Default:
write raw = yes
An inverted synonym is "read only".
If this parameter is "no", then users of a service may not create
or modify files in the service's directory.
Note that a printable service ("printable = yes")
will *ALWAYS* allow writing to the directory (user privileges
permitting), but only via spooling operations.
Default:
writeable = no
Examples:
read only = no writeable = yes write ok = yes
Although the configuration file permits service names to contain
spaces, your client software may not. Spaces will be ignored in
comparisons anyway, so it shouldn't be a problem - but be aware of the
possibility.
On a similar note, many clients - especially DOS clients - limit
service names to eight characters. Smbd has no
such limitation, but attempts to connect from such clients will fail
if they truncate the service names. For this reason you should
probably keep your service names down to eight characters in length.
Use of the [homes] and [printers]
special sections make life for an administrator easy, but the various
combinations of default attributes can be tricky. Take extreme care
when designing these sections. In particular, ensure that the
permissions on spool directories are correct.
This man page is correct for version 2.0 of the Samba suite.
smbd (8), smbclient (1),
nmbd (8), testparm (1),
testprns (1), Samba,
nmblookup (1), smbpasswd (5),
smbpasswd (8).
The original Samba software and related utilities were created by
Andrew Tridgell samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au. Samba is now developed
by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the
Linux kernel is developed.
The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page
sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open
Source software, available at
ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/)
and updated for the Samba2.0 release by Jeremy Allison.
samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au.
See samba (7) to find out how to get a full
list of contributors and details on how to submit bug reports,
comments etc.