Contributor: Andrew Tridgell Updated: June 27, 1997 Subject: DIAGNOSING YOUR SAMBA SERVER =========================================================================== This file contains a list of tests you can perform to validate your Samba server. It also tells you what the likely cause of the problem is if it fails any one of these steps. If it passes all these tests then it is probably working fine. You should do ALL the tests, in the order shown. I have tried to carefully choose them so later tests only use capabilities verified in the earlier tests. I would welcome additions to this set of tests. Please mail them to samba-bugs@samba.anu.edu.au If you send me an email saying "it doesn't work" and you have not followed this test procedure then you should not be surprised if I ignore your email. ASSUMPTIONS ----------- In all of the tests I assume you have a Samba server called BIGSERVER and a PC called ACLIENT. I also assume the PC is running windows for workgroups with a recent copy of the microsoft tcp/ip stack. Alternatively, your PC may be running Windows 95 or Windows NT (Workstation or Server). The procedure is similar for other types of clients. I also assume you know the name of an available share in your smb.conf. I will assume this share is called "tmp". You can add a "tmp" share like by adding the following to smb.conf: [tmp] comment = temporary files path = /tmp read only = yes THESE TESTS ASSUME VERSION 1.9.16 OR LATER OF THE SAMBA SUITE. SOME COMMANDS SHOWN DID NOT EXIST IN EARLIER VERSIONS TEST 1: ------- In the directory in which you store your smb.conf file, run the command "testparm smb.conf". If it reports any errors then your smb.conf configuration file is faulty. Note: Your smb.conf file may be located in: /etc or in: /usr/local/samba/lib TEST 2: ------- run the command "ping BIGSERVER" from the PC and "ping ACLIENT" from the unix box. If you don't get a valid response then your TCP/IP software is not correctly installed. Note that you will need to start a "dos prompt" window on the PC to run ping. If you get a message saying "host not found" or similar then your DNS software or /etc/hosts file is not correctly setup. It is possible to run samba without DNS entries for the server and client, but I assume you do have correct entries for the remainder of these tests. Another reason why ping might fail is if your host is running firewall software. You will need to relax the rules to let in the workstation in question, perhaps by allowing access from another subnet (on Linux this is done via the ipfwadm program.) TEST 3: ------- Run the command "smbclient -L BIGSERVER" on the unix box. You should get a list of available shares back. If you get a error message containing the string "Bad password" then you probably have either an incorrect "hosts allow", "hosts deny" or "valid users" line in your smb.conf, or your guest account is not valid. Check what your guest account is using "testparm" and temporarily remove any "hosts allow", "hosts deny", "valid users" or "invalid users" lines. If you get a "connection refused" response then the smbd server could not be running. If you installed it in inetd.conf then you probably edited that file incorrectly. If you installed it as a daemon then check that it is running, and check that the netbios-ssn port is in a LISTEN state using "netstat -a". If you get a "session request failed" then the server refused the connection. If it says "your server software is being unfriendly" then its probably because you have invalid command line parameters to smbd, or a similar fatal problem with the initial startup of smbd. Also check your config file (smb.conf) for syntax errors with "testparm" and that the various directories where samba keeps its log and lock files exist. Another common cause of these two errors is having something already running on port 139, such as Samba (ie: smbd is running from inetd already) or something like Digital's Pathworks. Check your inetd.conf file before trying to start smbd as a daemon, it can avoid a lot of frustration! TEST 4: ------- Run the command "nmblookup -B BIGSERVER __SAMBA__". You should get the IP address of your Samba server back. If you don't then nmbd is incorrectly installed. Check your inetd.conf if you run it from there, or that the daemon is running and listening to udp port 137. One common problem is that many inetd implementations can't take many parameters on the command line. If this is the case then create a one-line script that contains the right parameters and run that from inetd. TEST 5: ------- run the command "nmblookup -B ACLIENT '*'" You should get the PCs IP address back. If you don't then the client software on the PC isn't installed correctly, or isn't started, or you got the name of the PC wrong. TEST 6: ------- Run the command "nmblookup -d 2 '*'" This time we are trying the same as the previous test but are trying it via a broadcast to the default broadcast address. A number of Netbios/TCPIP hosts on the network should respond, although Samba may not catch all of the responses in the short time it listens. You should see "got a positive name query response" messages from several hosts. If this doesn't give a similar result to the previous test then nmblookup isn't correctly getting your broadcast address through its automatic mechanism. In this case you should experiment use the "interfaces" option in smb.conf to manually configure your IP address, broadcast and netmask. If your PC and server aren't on the same subnet then you will need to use the -B option to set the broadcast address to the that of the PCs subnet. TEST 7: ------- Run the command "smbclient '\\BIGSERVER\TMP'". You should then be prompted for a password. You should use the password of the account you are logged into the unix box with. If you want to test with another account then add the -U option to the command line. Once you enter the password you should get the "smb>" prompt. If you don't then look at the error message. If it says "invalid network name" then the service "tmp" is not correctly setup in your smb.conf. If it says "bad password" then the likely causes are: - you have shadow passords (or some other password system) but didn't compile in support for them in smbd - your "valid users" configuration is incorrect - you have a mixed case password and you haven't enabled the "password level" option at a high enough level - the "path =" line in smb.conf is incorrect. Check it with testparm - you enabled password encryption but didn't create the SMB encrypted password file Once connected you should be able to use the commands "dir" "get" "put" etc. Type "help " for instructions. You should especially check that the amount of free disk space shown is correct when you type "dir". TEST 8: ------- On the PC type the command "net view \\BIGSERVER". You will need to do this from within a "dos prompt" window. You should get back a list of available shares on the server. If you get a "network name not found" or similar error then netbios name resolution is not working. This is usually caused by a problem in nmbd. To overcome it you could do one of the following (you only need to choose one of them): - fixup the nmbd installation - add the IP address of BIGSERVER to the "wins server" box in the advanced tcp/ip setup on the PC. - enable windows name resolution via DNS in the advanced section of the tcp/ip setup - add BIGSERVER to your lmhosts file on the PC. If you get a "invalid network name" or "bad password error" then the same fixes apply as they did for the "smbclient -L" test above. In particular, make sure your "hosts allow" line is correct (see the man pages) If you get "specified computer is not receiving requests" or similar it probably means that the host is not contactable via tcp services. Check to see if the host is running tcp wrappers, and if so add an entry in the hosts.allow file for your client (or subnet, etc.) TEST 9: -------- Run the command "net use x: \\BIGSERVER\TMP". You should be prompted for a password then you should get a "command completed successfully" message. If not then your PC software is incorrectly installed or your smb.conf is incorrect. make sure your "hosts allow" and other config lines in smb.conf are correct. It's also possible that the server can't work out what user name to connect you as. To see if this is the problem add the line "user = USERNAME" to the [tmp] section of smb.conf where "USERNAME" is the username corresponding to the password you typed. If you find this fixes things you may need the username mapping option. TEST 10: -------- From file manager try to browse the server. Your samba server should appear in the browse list of your local workgroup (or the one you specified in smb.conf). You should be able to double click on the name of the server and get a list of shares. If you get a "invalid password" error when you do then you are probably running WinNT and it is refusing to browse a server that has no encrypted password capability and is in user level security mode. In this case either set "security = server" AND "password server = Windows_NT_Machine" in your smb.conf file, or enable encrypted passwords AFTER compiling in support for encrypted passwords (refer to the Makefile). Still having troubles? ---------------------- Try the mailing list or newsgroup, or use the tcpdump-smb utility to sniff the problem. Also look at the other docs in the Samba package!