#!/usr/bin/perl # Bootstrap Samba and run a number of tests against it. # Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Jelmer Vernooij # Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Stefan Metzmacher # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . use strict; use FindBin qw($RealBin $Script); use File::Spec; use File::Temp qw(tempfile); use Getopt::Long; use POSIX; use Cwd qw(abs_path); use lib "$RealBin"; use Subunit; use SocketWrapper; eval { require Time::HiRes; Time::HiRes->import("time"); }; if ($@) { print "You don't have Time::Hires installed !\n"; } my $opt_help = 0; my $opt_target = "samba"; my $opt_quick = 0; my $opt_socket_wrapper = 0; my $opt_socket_wrapper_pcap = undef; my $opt_socket_wrapper_keep_pcap = undef; my $opt_one = 0; my @opt_exclude = (); my @opt_include = (); my $opt_verbose = 0; my $opt_testenv = 0; my $opt_list = 0; my $ldap = undef; my $opt_resetup_env = undef; my $opt_binary_mapping = ""; my $opt_load_list = undef; my @testlists = (); my $srcdir = "."; my $bindir = "./bin"; my $prefix = "./st"; my @includes = (); my @excludes = (); sub pipe_handler { my $sig = shift @_; print STDERR "Exiting early because of SIGPIPE.\n"; exit(1); } $SIG{PIPE} = \&pipe_handler; sub find_in_list($$) { my ($list, $fullname) = @_; foreach (@$list) { if ($fullname =~ /$$_[0]/) { return ($$_[1]) if ($$_[1]); return ""; } } return undef; } sub skip($) { my ($name) = @_; return find_in_list(\@excludes, $name); } sub getlog_env($); sub setup_pcap($) { my ($name) = @_; return unless ($opt_socket_wrapper_pcap); return unless defined($ENV{SOCKET_WRAPPER_PCAP_DIR}); my $fname = $name; $fname =~ s%[^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789\-]%_%g; my $pcap_file = "$ENV{SOCKET_WRAPPER_PCAP_DIR}/$fname.pcap"; SocketWrapper::setup_pcap($pcap_file); return $pcap_file; } sub cleanup_pcap($$) { my ($pcap_file, $exitcode) = @_; return unless ($opt_socket_wrapper_pcap); return if ($opt_socket_wrapper_keep_pcap); return unless ($exitcode == 0); return unless defined($pcap_file); unlink($pcap_file); } # expand strings from %ENV sub expand_environment_strings($) { my $s = shift; # we use a reverse sort so we do the longer ones first foreach my $k (sort { $b cmp $a } keys %ENV) { $s =~ s/\$$k/$ENV{$k}/g; } return $s; } sub run_testsuite($$$$$) { my ($envname, $name, $cmd, $i, $totalsuites) = @_; my $pcap_file = setup_pcap($name); Subunit::start_testsuite($name); Subunit::progress_push(); Subunit::report_time(time()); system($cmd); Subunit::report_time(time()); Subunit::progress_pop(); if ($? == -1) { Subunit::progress_pop(); Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "error", "Unable to run $cmd: $!"); exit(1); } elsif ($? & 127) { Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "error", sprintf("%s died with signal %d, %s coredump\n", $cmd, ($? & 127), ($? & 128) ? 'with' : 'without')); exit(1); } my $exitcode = $? >> 8; my $envlog = getlog_env($envname); if ($envlog ne "") { print "envlog: $envlog\n"; } print "command: $cmd\n"; printf "expanded command: %s\n", expand_environment_strings($cmd); if ($exitcode == 0) { Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "success"); } else { Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "failure", "Exit code was $exitcode"); } cleanup_pcap($pcap_file, $exitcode); if (not $opt_socket_wrapper_keep_pcap and defined($pcap_file)) { print "PCAP FILE: $pcap_file\n"; } if ($exitcode != 0) { exit(1) if ($opt_one); } return $exitcode; } sub ShowHelp() { print "Samba test runner Copyright (C) Jelmer Vernooij Copyright (C) Stefan Metzmacher Usage: $Script [OPTIONS] TESTNAME-REGEX Generic options: --help this help page --target=samba[3]|win Samba version to target --testlist=FILE file to read available tests from Paths: --prefix=DIR prefix to run tests in [st] --srcdir=DIR source directory [.] --bindir=DIR binaries directory [./bin] Target Specific: --socket-wrapper-pcap save traffic to pcap directories --socket-wrapper-keep-pcap keep all pcap files, not just those for tests that failed --socket-wrapper enable socket wrapper Samba4 Specific: --ldap=openldap|fedora-ds back samba onto specified ldap server Behaviour: --quick run quick overall test --one abort when the first test fails --verbose be verbose --testenv run a shell in the requested test environment --list list available tests "; exit(0); } my $result = GetOptions ( 'help|h|?' => \$opt_help, 'target=s' => \$opt_target, 'prefix=s' => \$prefix, 'socket-wrapper' => \$opt_socket_wrapper, 'socket-wrapper-pcap' => \$opt_socket_wrapper_pcap, 'socket-wrapper-keep-pcap' => \$opt_socket_wrapper_keep_pcap, 'quick' => \$opt_quick, 'one' => \$opt_one, 'exclude=s' => \@opt_exclude, 'include=s' => \@opt_include, 'srcdir=s' => \$srcdir, 'bindir=s' => \$bindir, 'verbose' => \$opt_verbose, 'testenv' => \$opt_testenv, 'list' => \$opt_list, 'ldap:s' => \$ldap, 'resetup-environment' => \$opt_resetup_env, 'testlist=s' => \@testlists, 'load-list=s' => \$opt_load_list, 'binary-mapping=s' => \$opt_binary_mapping ); exit(1) if (not $result); ShowHelp() if ($opt_help); die("--list and --testenv are mutually exclusive") if ($opt_list and $opt_testenv); # we want unbuffered output $| = 1; my @tests = @ARGV; # quick hack to disable rpc validation when using valgrind - its way too slow unless (defined($ENV{VALGRIND})) { $ENV{VALIDATE} = "validate"; $ENV{MALLOC_CHECK_} = 2; } # make all our python scripts unbuffered $ENV{PYTHONUNBUFFERED} = 1; my $bindir_abs = abs_path($bindir); # Backwards compatibility: if (defined($ENV{TEST_LDAP}) and $ENV{TEST_LDAP} eq "yes") { if (defined($ENV{FEDORA_DS_ROOT})) { $ldap = "fedora-ds"; } else { $ldap = "openldap"; } } my $torture_maxtime = ($ENV{TORTURE_MAXTIME} or 1200); if ($ldap) { # LDAP is slow $torture_maxtime *= 2; } $prefix =~ s+//+/+; $prefix =~ s+/./+/+; $prefix =~ s+/$++; die("using an empty prefix isn't allowed") unless $prefix ne ""; # Ensure we have the test prefix around. # # We need restrictive # permissions on this as some subdirectories in this tree will have # wider permissions (ie 0777) and this would allow other users on the # host to subvert the test process. mkdir($prefix, 0700) unless -d $prefix; chmod 0700, $prefix; my $prefix_abs = abs_path($prefix); my $tmpdir_abs = abs_path("$prefix/tmp"); mkdir($tmpdir_abs, 0777) unless -d $tmpdir_abs; my $srcdir_abs = abs_path($srcdir); die("using an empty absolute prefix isn't allowed") unless $prefix_abs ne ""; die("using '/' as absolute prefix isn't allowed") unless $prefix_abs ne "/"; $ENV{PREFIX} = $prefix; $ENV{KRB5CCNAME} = "$prefix/krb5ticket"; $ENV{PREFIX_ABS} = $prefix_abs; $ENV{SRCDIR} = $srcdir; $ENV{SRCDIR_ABS} = $srcdir_abs; $ENV{BINDIR} = $bindir_abs; my $tls_enabled = not $opt_quick; $ENV{TLS_ENABLED} = ($tls_enabled?"yes":"no"); sub prefix_pathvar($$) { my ($name, $newpath) = @_; if (defined($ENV{$name})) { $ENV{$name} = "$newpath:$ENV{$name}"; } else { $ENV{$name} = $newpath; } } prefix_pathvar("PKG_CONFIG_PATH", "$bindir_abs/pkgconfig"); prefix_pathvar("PYTHONPATH", "$bindir_abs/python"); if ($opt_socket_wrapper_keep_pcap) { # Socket wrapper keep pcap implies socket wrapper pcap $opt_socket_wrapper_pcap = 1; } if ($opt_socket_wrapper_pcap) { # Socket wrapper pcap implies socket wrapper $opt_socket_wrapper = 1; } my $socket_wrapper_dir; if ($opt_socket_wrapper) { $socket_wrapper_dir = SocketWrapper::setup_dir("$prefix_abs/w", $opt_socket_wrapper_pcap); print "SOCKET_WRAPPER_DIR=$socket_wrapper_dir\n"; } elsif (not $opt_list) { unless ($< == 0) { warn("not using socket wrapper, but also not running as root. Will not be able to listen on proper ports"); } } my $target; my $testenv_default = "none"; my %binary_mapping = (); if ($opt_binary_mapping) { my @binmapping_list = split(/,/, $opt_binary_mapping); foreach my $mapping (@binmapping_list) { my ($bin, $map) = split(/\:/, $mapping); $binary_mapping{$bin} = $map; } } $ENV{BINARY_MAPPING} = $opt_binary_mapping; # After this many seconds, the server will self-terminate. All tests # must terminate in this time, and testenv will only stay alive this # long my $server_maxtime = 7500; if (defined($ENV{SMBD_MAXTIME}) and $ENV{SMBD_MAXTIME} ne "") { $server_maxtime = $ENV{SMBD_MAXTIME}; } unless ($opt_list) { if ($opt_target eq "samba") { if ($opt_socket_wrapper and `$bindir/smbd -b | grep SOCKET_WRAPPER` eq "") { die("You must include --enable-socket-wrapper when compiling Samba in order to execute 'make test'. Exiting...."); } $testenv_default = "dc"; require target::Samba; $target = new Samba($bindir, \%binary_mapping, $ldap, $srcdir, $server_maxtime); } elsif ($opt_target eq "samba3") { if ($opt_socket_wrapper and `$bindir/smbd -b | grep SOCKET_WRAPPER` eq "") { die("You must include --enable-socket-wrapper when compiling Samba in order to execute 'make test'. Exiting...."); } $testenv_default = "member"; require target::Samba3; $target = new Samba3($bindir, \%binary_mapping, $srcdir_abs, $server_maxtime); } } sub read_test_regexes($) { my ($name) = @_; my @ret = (); open(LF, "<$name") or die("unable to read $name: $!"); while () { chomp; next if (/^#/); if (/^(.*?)([ \t]+)\#([\t ]*)(.*?)$/) { push (@ret, [$1, $4]); } else { s/^(.*?)([ \t]+)\#([\t ]*)(.*?)$//; push (@ret, [$_, undef]); } } close(LF); return @ret; } foreach (@opt_exclude) { push (@excludes, read_test_regexes($_)); } foreach (@opt_include) { push (@includes, read_test_regexes($_)); } my $interfaces = join(',', ("127.0.0.11/8", "127.0.0.12/8", "127.0.0.13/8", "127.0.0.14/8", "127.0.0.15/8", "127.0.0.16/8")); my $clientdir = "$prefix_abs/client"; my $conffile = "$clientdir/client.conf"; $ENV{SMB_CONF_PATH} = $conffile; sub write_clientconf($$$) { my ($conffile, $clientdir, $vars) = @_; mkdir("$clientdir", 0777) unless -d "$clientdir"; if ( -d "$clientdir/private" ) { unlink <$clientdir/private/*>; } else { mkdir("$clientdir/private", 0777); } if ( -d "$clientdir/lockdir" ) { unlink <$clientdir/lockdir/*>; } else { mkdir("$clientdir/lockdir", 0777); } if ( -d "$clientdir/statedir" ) { unlink <$clientdir/statedir/*>; } else { mkdir("$clientdir/statedir", 0777); } if ( -d "$clientdir/cachedir" ) { unlink <$clientdir/cachedir/*>; } else { mkdir("$clientdir/cachedir", 0777); } # this is ugly, but the ncalrpcdir needs exactly 0755 # otherwise tests fail. my $mask = umask; umask 0022; if ( -d "$clientdir/ncalrpcdir/np" ) { unlink <$clientdir/ncalrpcdir/np/*>; rmdir "$clientdir/ncalrpcdir/np"; } if ( -d "$clientdir/ncalrpcdir" ) { unlink <$clientdir/ncalrpcdir/*>; rmdir "$clientdir/ncalrpcdir"; } mkdir("$clientdir/ncalrpcdir", 0755); umask $mask; open(CF, ">$conffile"); print CF "[global]\n"; print CF "\tnetbios name = client\n"; if (defined($vars->{DOMAIN})) { print CF "\tworkgroup = $vars->{DOMAIN}\n"; } if (defined($vars->{REALM})) { print CF "\trealm = $vars->{REALM}\n"; } if ($opt_socket_wrapper) { print CF "\tinterfaces = $interfaces\n"; } print CF " private dir = $clientdir/private lock dir = $clientdir/lockdir state directory = $clientdir/statedir cache directory = $clientdir/cachedir ncalrpc dir = $clientdir/ncalrpcdir name resolve order = file bcast panic action = $RealBin/gdb_backtrace \%d max xmit = 32K notify:inotify = false ldb:nosync = true system:anonymous = true client lanman auth = Yes log level = 1 torture:basedir = $clientdir #We don't want to pass our self-tests if the PAC code is wrong gensec:require_pac = true resolv:host file = $prefix_abs/dns_host_file #We don't want to run 'speed' tests for very long torture:timelimit = 1 "; close(CF); } my @todo = (); sub should_run_test($) { my $name = shift; if ($#tests == -1) { return 1; } for (my $i=0; $i <= $#tests; $i++) { if ($name =~ /$tests[$i]/i) { return 1; } } return 0; } sub read_testlist($) { my ($filename) = @_; my @ret = (); open(IN, $filename) or die("Unable to open $filename: $!"); while () { if (/-- TEST(-LOADLIST|-IDLIST|) --\n/) { my $supports_loadlist = (defined($1) and $1 eq "-LOADLIST"); my $supports_idlist = (defined($1) and $1 eq "-IDLIST"); my $name = ; $name =~ s/\n//g; my $env = ; $env =~ s/\n//g; my $cmdline = ; $cmdline =~ s/\n//g; if (should_run_test($name) == 1) { push (@ret, [$name, $env, $cmdline, $supports_loadlist, $supports_idlist]); } } else { print; } } close(IN) or die("Error creating recipe"); return @ret; } if ($#testlists == -1) { die("No testlists specified"); } $ENV{SELFTEST_PREFIX} = "$prefix_abs"; $ENV{SELFTEST_TMPDIR} = "$tmpdir_abs"; $ENV{TEST_DATA_PREFIX} = "$tmpdir_abs"; if ($opt_socket_wrapper) { $ENV{SELFTEST_INTERFACES} = $interfaces; } else { $ENV{SELFTEST_INTERFACES} = ""; } if ($opt_verbose) { $ENV{SELFTEST_VERBOSE} = "1"; } else { $ENV{SELFTEST_VERBOSE} = ""; } if ($opt_quick) { $ENV{SELFTEST_QUICK} = "1"; } else { $ENV{SELFTEST_QUICK} = ""; } $ENV{SELFTEST_MAXTIME} = $torture_maxtime; my @available = (); foreach my $fn (@testlists) { foreach (read_testlist($fn)) { my $name = $$_[0]; next if (@includes and not defined(find_in_list(\@includes, $name))); push (@available, $_); } } my $restricted = undef; my $restricted_used = {}; if ($opt_load_list) { $restricted = []; open(LOAD_LIST, "<$opt_load_list") or die("Unable to open $opt_load_list"); while () { chomp; push (@$restricted, $_); } close(LOAD_LIST); } my $individual_tests = undef; $individual_tests = {}; foreach my $testsuite (@available) { my $name = $$testsuite[0]; my $skipreason = skip($name); if (defined($restricted)) { # Find the testsuite for this test my $match = undef; foreach my $r (@$restricted) { if ($r eq $name) { $individual_tests->{$name} = []; $match = $r; $restricted_used->{$r} = 1; } elsif (substr($r, 0, length($name)+1) eq "$name.") { push(@{$individual_tests->{$name}}, $r); $match = $r; $restricted_used->{$r} = 1; } } if ($match) { if (defined($skipreason)) { if (not $opt_list) { Subunit::skip_testsuite($name, $skipreason); } } else { push(@todo, $testsuite); } } } elsif (defined($skipreason)) { if (not $opt_list) { Subunit::skip_testsuite($name, $skipreason); } } else { push(@todo, $testsuite); } } if (defined($restricted)) { foreach (@$restricted) { unless (defined($restricted_used->{$_})) { print "No test or testsuite found matching $_\n"; } } } elsif ($#todo == -1) { print STDERR "No tests to run\n"; exit(1); } my $suitestotal = $#todo + 1; unless ($opt_list) { Subunit::progress($suitestotal); Subunit::report_time(time()); } my $i = 0; $| = 1; my %running_envs = (); sub get_running_env($) { my ($name) = @_; my $envname = $name; $envname =~ s/:.*//; return $running_envs{$envname}; } my @exported_envvars = ( # domain stuff "DOMAIN", "REALM", # domain controller stuff "DC_SERVER", "DC_SERVER_IP", "DC_NETBIOSNAME", "DC_NETBIOSALIAS", # domain member "MEMBER_SERVER", "MEMBER_SERVER_IP", "MEMBER_NETBIOSNAME", "MEMBER_NETBIOSALIAS", # rpc proxy controller stuff "RPC_PROXY_SERVER", "RPC_PROXY_SERVER_IP", "RPC_PROXY_NETBIOSNAME", "RPC_PROXY_NETBIOSALIAS", # domain controller stuff for Vampired DC "VAMPIRE_DC_SERVER", "VAMPIRE_DC_SERVER_IP", "VAMPIRE_DC_NETBIOSNAME", "VAMPIRE_DC_NETBIOSALIAS", # server stuff "SERVER", "SERVER_IP", "NETBIOSNAME", "NETBIOSALIAS", # user stuff "USERNAME", "USERID", "PASSWORD", "DC_USERNAME", "DC_PASSWORD", # misc stuff "KRB5_CONFIG", "WINBINDD_SOCKET_DIR", "WINBINDD_PRIV_PIPE_DIR", "NMBD_SOCKET_DIR", "LOCAL_PATH" ); $SIG{INT} = $SIG{QUIT} = $SIG{TERM} = sub { my $signame = shift; teardown_env($_) foreach(keys %running_envs); die("Received signal $signame"); }; sub setup_env($$) { my ($name, $prefix) = @_; my $testenv_vars = undef; my $envname = $name; my $option = $name; $envname =~ s/:.*//; $option =~ s/^[^:]*//; $option =~ s/^://; $option = "client" if $option eq ""; if ($envname eq "none") { $testenv_vars = {}; } elsif (defined(get_running_env($envname))) { $testenv_vars = get_running_env($envname); if (not $testenv_vars->{target}->check_env($testenv_vars)) { print $testenv_vars->{target}->getlog_env($testenv_vars); $testenv_vars = undef; } } else { $testenv_vars = $target->setup_env($envname, $prefix); if (defined($testenv_vars) and $testenv_vars eq "UNKNOWN") { return $testenv_vars; } elsif (defined($testenv_vars) && not defined($testenv_vars->{target})) { $testenv_vars->{target} = $target; } if (not defined($testenv_vars)) { warn("$opt_target can't start up known environment '$envname'"); } } return undef unless defined($testenv_vars); $running_envs{$envname} = $testenv_vars; if ($option eq "local") { SocketWrapper::set_default_iface($testenv_vars->{SOCKET_WRAPPER_DEFAULT_IFACE}); $ENV{SMB_CONF_PATH} = $testenv_vars->{SERVERCONFFILE}; } elsif ($option eq "client") { SocketWrapper::set_default_iface(11); write_clientconf($conffile, $clientdir, $testenv_vars); $ENV{SMB_CONF_PATH} = $conffile; } else { die("Unknown option[$option] for envname[$envname]"); } foreach (@exported_envvars) { if (defined($testenv_vars->{$_})) { $ENV{$_} = $testenv_vars->{$_}; } else { delete $ENV{$_}; } } return $testenv_vars; } sub exported_envvars_str($) { my ($testenv_vars) = @_; my $out = ""; foreach (@exported_envvars) { next unless defined($testenv_vars->{$_}); $out .= $_."=".$testenv_vars->{$_}."\n"; } return $out; } sub getlog_env($) { my ($envname) = @_; return "" if ($envname eq "none"); my $env = get_running_env($envname); return $env->{target}->getlog_env($env); } sub check_env($) { my ($envname) = @_; return 1 if ($envname eq "none"); my $env = get_running_env($envname); return $env->{target}->check_env($env); } sub teardown_env($) { my ($envname) = @_; return if ($envname eq "none"); my $env = get_running_env($envname); $env->{target}->teardown_env($env); delete $running_envs{$envname}; } # This 'global' file needs to be empty when we start unlink("$prefix_abs/dns_host_file"); if ($opt_testenv) { my $testenv_name = $ENV{SELFTEST_TESTENV}; $testenv_name = $testenv_default unless defined($testenv_name); my $testenv_vars = setup_env($testenv_name, $prefix); die("Unable to setup environment $testenv_name") unless ($testenv_vars); $ENV{PIDDIR} = $testenv_vars->{PIDDIR}; $ENV{ENVNAME} = $testenv_name; my $envvarstr = exported_envvars_str($testenv_vars); my $term = ($ENV{TERMINAL} or "xterm -e"); system("$term 'echo -e \" Welcome to the Samba4 Test environment '$testenv_name' This matches the client environment used in make test server is pid `cat \$PIDDIR/samba.pid` Some useful environment variables: TORTURE_OPTIONS=\$TORTURE_OPTIONS SMB_CONF_PATH=\$SMB_CONF_PATH $envvarstr \" && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} bash'"); teardown_env($testenv_name); } elsif ($opt_list) { foreach (@todo) { my $cmd = $$_[2]; my $name = $$_[0]; my $envname = $$_[1]; unless($cmd =~ /\$LISTOPT/) { warn("Unable to list tests in $name"); next; } $cmd =~ s/\$LISTOPT/--list/g; system($cmd); if ($? == -1) { die("Unable to run $cmd: $!"); } elsif ($? & 127) { die(snprintf("%s died with signal %d, %s coredump\n", $cmd, ($? & 127), ($? & 128) ? 'with' : 'without')); } my $exitcode = $? >> 8; if ($exitcode != 0) { die("$cmd exited with exit code $exitcode"); } } } else { foreach (@todo) { $i++; my $cmd = $$_[2]; my $name = $$_[0]; my $envname = $$_[1]; my $envvars = setup_env($envname, $prefix); if (not defined($envvars)) { Subunit::start_testsuite($name); Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "error", "unable to set up environment $envname - exiting"); next; } elsif ($envvars eq "UNKNOWN") { Subunit::start_testsuite($name); Subunit::end_testsuite($name, "skip", "environment $envname is unknown in this test backend - skipping"); next; } # Generate a file with the individual tests to run, if the # test runner for this test suite supports it. if ($individual_tests and $individual_tests->{$name}) { if ($$_[3]) { my ($fh, $listid_file) = tempfile(UNLINK => 0); foreach my $test (@{$individual_tests->{$name}}) { print $fh substr($test, length($name)+1) . "\n"; } $cmd =~ s/\$LOADLIST/--load-list=$listid_file/g; } elsif ($$_[4]) { $cmd =~ s/\s+[^\s]+\s*$//; $cmd .= " " . join(' ', @{$individual_tests->{$name}}); } } run_testsuite($envname, $name, $cmd, $i, $suitestotal); teardown_env($envname) if ($opt_resetup_env); } } print "\n"; teardown_env($_) foreach (keys %running_envs); my $failed = 0; # if there were any valgrind failures, show them foreach (<$prefix/valgrind.log*>) { next unless (-s $_); print "VALGRIND FAILURE\n"; $failed++; system("cat $_"); } exit 0;