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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
<chapter id="NetCommand">
<chapterinfo>
&author.jht;
&author.gd;
<pubdate>May 9, 2005</pubdate>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Remote and Local Management &smbmdash; The Net Command</title>
<para>
The <command>net</command> command is one of the new features of Samba-3 and is an attempt to provide a useful
tool into which the majority of remote management operations necessary for common tasks. The
<command>net</command> tool is flexible by design and is intended for command line use as well as for scripted
control application.
</para>
<para>
Originally introduced with the intent to mimick the Microsoft Windows command that has the same name, the
<command>net</command> command has morphed into a very powerful instrument that has become an essential part
of the Samba network administrator's toolbox. The Samba Team have introduced tools, such as
<command>smbgroupedit, rpcclient</command> from which really useful have been integrated into the
<command>net</command>. The <command>smbgroupedit</command> command was absorbed entirely into the
<command>net</command>, while only some features of the <command>rpcclient</command> command have been
ported to it. Anyone who finds older references to these utilities and to the functionality they provided
should look at the <command>net</command> command before searching elsewhere.
</para>
<para>
A Samba-3 administrator can not afford to gloss over this chapter because to do so will almost certainly cause
the infliction of self induced pain, agony and desperation. Be warned, this is an important chapter.
</para>
<sect1>
<title>Self-Defense Overview</title>
<para>
The tasks that follow the installation of a Samba-3 server, whether Stand-Alone, Domain Member, of a
Domain Controller (PDC or BDC) begins with the need to create administrative rights. Of course, the
creation of user and group accounts is essential for both a Stand-Alone server as well as for a PDC.
In the case of a BDC or a Domain Member server (DMS) Domain user and group accounts are obtained from
the central domain authentication backend.
</para>
<para>
Regardless of the type of server being installed, local UNIX groups must be mapped to the Windows
networking domain global group accounts. Do you ask, why? Because Samba always limits its access to
the resources of the host server by way of traditional UNIX UID/GID controls. This means that local
groups must be mapped to domain global groups so that domain users who are members of the domain
global groups can be given access rights based on UIDs and GIDs local to the server that is hosting
Samba. Such mappings are implemented using the <command>net</command> command.
</para>
<para>
UNIX systems that are hosting a Samba-3 server that is running as a member (PDC, BDC, or DMS) must have
a machine security account in the domain authentication database (or directory). The creation of such
security (or trust) accounts is also handled using the <command>net</command> command.
</para>
<para>
The establishment of interdomain trusts is achieved using the <command>net</command> command also, as
may a plethora of typical administrative duties such as: user management, group management, share and
printer management, file and printer migration, security identifier management, and so on.
</para>
<para>
The over-all picture should be clear now, the <command>net</command> command plays a central role
on the Samba-3 stage. This role will continue to be developed. The inclusion of this chapter is
evidence of its importance, one that has grown in complexity to the point that it is no longer considered
prudent to cover its use fully in the on-line UNIX man pages.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title>Administrative Tasks And Methods</title>
<para>
Stuff goes here - this is a work in progress.!!!!!
</para>
<sect2>
<title>UNIX and Windows Group Management</title>
<para>
More stuff.!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Adding, Renaming, or Deletion of Group Accounts</title>
<sect4>
<title>Adding or Creating a New Group</title>
<para>
Before attempting to add a Windows group account the currently available groups can be listed as shown
here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group list -Uroot%not24get
Password:
Domain Admins
Domain Users
Domain Guests
Print Operators
Backup Operators
Replicator
Domain Computers
Engineers
</screen>
A Windows group account called <quote>SupportEngrs</quote> can be added by executing the following
command:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group add "SupportEngrs" -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
The addition will result in immediate availability of the new group account as validated by executing the
this command:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group list -Uroot%not24get
Password:
Domain Admins
Domain Users
Domain Guests
Print Operators
Backup Operators
Replicator
Domain Computers
Engineers
SupportEngrs
</screen>
</para>
<para>
The following demonstrates that the POSIX (UNIX/Linux system account) group has been created by calling
the <smbconfoption name="add group script">/opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p "%g"</smbconfoption> interface
script:
<screen>
&rootprompt; getent group
...
Domain Admins:x:512:root
Domain Users:x:513:jht,lct,ajt,met
Domain Guests:x:514:
Print Operators:x:550:
Backup Operators:x:551:
Replicator:x:552:
Domain Computers:x:553:
Engineers:x:1002:jht
SupportEngrs:x:1003:
</screen>
The following demonstrates that the use of the <command>net</command> command to add a group account
results in immediate mapping of the POSIX group that has been created to the Windows group account as whown
here:
<screen>
merlin:~ # net groupmap list
Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-512) -> Domain Admins
Domain Users (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-513) -> Domain Users
Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-514) -> Domain Guests
Print Operators (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-550) -> Print Operators
Backup Operators (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-551) -> Backup Operators
Replicator (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-552) -> Replicator
Domain Computers (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-553) -> Domain Computers
Engineers (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-3005) -> Engineers
SupportEngrs (S-1-5-21-72630-4128915-11681869-3007) -> SupportEngrs
</screen>
</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Mapping Windows Groups to UNIX Groups</title>
<para>
Windows groups must be mapped to UNIX system (POSIX) groups so that file system access controls
can be asserted in a manner that is consistent with the methods appropriate to the operating
system that is hosting the Samba server.
</para>
<para>
Samba depends on default mappings for the <constant>Domain Admins, Domain Users</constant> and
<constant>Domain Guests</constant> global groups. Additional groups may be added as shown in the
examples just given. There are times when it is necessary to map an existing UNIX group account
to a Windows group. This operation, in effect, creates a Windows group account as a consequence
of creation of the mapping.
</para>
<para>
The operations that are permitted includes: <constant>add, modify, delete</constant>. An example
of each operation is shown here.
</para>
<para>
An existing UNIX group may be mapped to an existing Windows group by this example:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users
</screen>
An existing UNIX group may be mapped to a new Windows group as shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net groupmap add ntgroup="EliteEngrs" unixgroup=Engineers type=d
</screen>
A Windows group may be deleted, and then a new Windows group can be mapped to the UNIX group by
executing these commands:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net groupmap delete ntgroup=Engineers
&rootprompt; net groupmap add ntgroup=EngineDrivers unixgroup=Engineers type=d
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Both the Windows group as well as the UNIX group can be deleted by executing:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net groupmap delete ntgroup=
</screen>
</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Deleting a Group Account</title>
<para>
A group account may be deleted by executing the following command:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group delete SupportEngineers -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Validation of the deletion is advisable. The same commands may be executed as shown above.
</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>How to Rename a Group Account</title>
<note><para>
This command is not documented in the man pages, it is implemented in the source code, but it does not
work. The example given documents (from the source code) how it should work. Watch the release notes
of a future release to see when this may have been be fixed.
</para></note>
<para>
Sometimes it is necessary to rename a group account. Good administrators know how painful some managers
demands can be if this simple request is ignored. The following command demonstrates how the Windows group
<quote>SupportEngrs</quote> can be renamed to <quote>CustomerSupport</quote>:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group rename SupportEngrs \
CustomerSupport -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Manipulating Group Memberships</title>
<para>
Fix me by adding stuff here!!!!!!
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Nested Group Support</title>
<para>
It is possible in Windows (and now in Samba also) to great a local group that has members (contains)
domain users and domain global groups. Creation of the local group <constant>demo</constant> is
achieved by executing:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group add demo -L -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
The -L switch means create a local group. Use the -S argument to direct the operation to a particular
server. The parameters to the -U argument should be for a user who has appropriate administrative right
and privileges on the machine.
</para>
<para>
Addition and removal of group members can be achieved using the <constant>addmem</constant> and
<constant>delmem</constant> subcommands of <command>net rpc group</command> command. For example,
addition of <quote>DOM\Domain Users</quote> to the local group <constant>demo</constant> would be
done by executing:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group addmem demo "DOM\Domain Users" -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
</para>
<para>
The members of a nested group can be listed by executing the following:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group members demo -Uroot%not24get
DOM\Domain Users
DOM\Engineers
DOM\jamesf
DOM\jht
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Nest group members can be removed (deleted) as shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc group delmem demo "DOM\jht" -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>UNIX and Windows User Management</title>
<para>
Put somethings useful here man!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Administering User Rights and Privileges</title>
<para>
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc rights list accounts -U root%not24get
BUILTIN\Print Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Account Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Backup Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Server Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Administrators
No privileges assigned
Everyone
No privileges assigned
&rootprompt; net rpc rights list -U root%not24get
SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add machines to domain
SePrintOperatorPrivilege Manage printers
SeAddUsersPrivilege Add users and groups to the domain
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system
SeDiskOperatorPrivilege Manage disk shares
&rootprompt; net rpc rights grant "MIDEARTH\Domain Admins" \
SeMachineAccountPrivilege SePrintOperatorPrivilege \
SeAddUsersPrivilege SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege \
SeDiskOperatorPrivilege -U root%not24get
Successfully granted rights.
&rootprompt; net rpc rights grant "MIDEARTH\jht" \
SeMachineAccountPrivilege SePrintOperatorPrivilege \
SeAddUsersPrivilege SeDiskOperatorPrivilege \
-U root%not24get
Successfully granted rights.
&rootprompt; net rpc rights list accounts -U root%not24get
MIDEARTH\jht
SeMachineAccountPrivilege
SePrintOperatorPrivilege
SeAddUsersPrivilege
SeDiskOperatorPrivilege
BUILTIN\Print Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Account Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Backup Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Server Operators
No privileges assigned
BUILTIN\Administrators
No privileges assigned
Everyone
No privileges assigned
MIDEARTH\Domain Admins
SeMachineAccountPrivilege
SePrintOperatorPrivilege
SeAddUsersPrivilege
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege
SeDiskOperatorPrivilege
&rootprompt;
</screen>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Managing Trust Relationships</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Machine Trust Accounts</title>
<para>
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc testjoin
Join to 'MIDEARTH' is OK
</screen>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Inter-Domain Trusts</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Managing Security Identifiers (SIDS)</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Share Management</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Creating, Editing, and Removing Shares</title>
<para>
A share can be added using the <command>net rpc share</command> command capabilities.
The target machine may be local or remote and is specified by the -S option. It must be noted
that the addition and deletion of shares using this tool depends on the availability of a suitable
interface script. The interface scripts Samba's <command>smbd</command> uses are called:
<smbconfoption name="add share script"/> and <smbconfoption name="delete share script"/>.
A set of example scripts are provided in the Samba source code tarball in the directory
<filename>~samba/examples/scripts</filename>.
</para>
<para>
The following steps demonstrate the use of the share management capabilities of the <command>net</command>
utility. In the first step a share called <constant>Bulge</constant> is added. The share-point within the
file system is the directory <filename>/data</filename>. The command that can be executed to perform the
addition of this share is shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc share add Bulge=/data -S merlin -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
Validation is an important process, and by executing the command <command>net rpc share</command>
with no other operators a listing of available shares is shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc share -S merlin -Uroot%not24get
profdata
archive
Bulge <--- This one was added
print$
netlogon
profiles
IPC$
kyocera
ADMIN$
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Often times it is desirable also to permit a share to be removed using a command-line tool.
The following step permits the share that was previously added to be removed:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc share delete Bulge -S merlin -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
A simple validation shown here demonstrates that the share has been removed:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc share -S merlin -Uroot%not24get
profdata
archive
print$
netlogon
profiles
IPC$
ADMIN$
kyocera
</screen>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Creating and Changing Share ACLs</title>
<para>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Share, Directory and File Migration</title>
<para>
Shares and files can be migrated in the same manner as user, machine and group accounts.
It is possible to preserve access control settings (ACLs) as well as security settings
throughout the migration process. The <command>net rpc vampire</command> facility is used
to migrate accounts from a Windows NT4 (or later) domain to a Samba server. This process
preserves passwords and account security settings and is a precursor to the migration
of shares and files.
</para>
<para>
The <command>net rpc share</command> command may be used to migrate shares, directories
files, printers, and all relevant data from a Windows server to a Samba server.
</para>
<para>
A set of command-line switches permit the creation of almost direct clones of Windows file
servers. For example, when migrating a file-server, file ACLs and DOS file attributes from
the Windows server can be included in the migration process and will reappear, almost identicaly
on the Samba server when the migration has been completed.
</para>
<para>
The migration process can be completed only with the Samba server already being fully operational.
This means that the user and group accounts must be migrated before attempting to migrate data
share, files, and printers. The migration of files and printer configurations involves the use
of both SMB and MS DCE RPC services. The benefit of the manner in which the migration process has
been implemented, the possibility now exists to use a Samba server as a man-in-middle migration
service that affects a transfer of data from one server to another. For example, if the Samba
server is called MESSER, the source Windows NT4 server is called PEPPY, and the target Samba
server is called GONZALES, the machien MESSER can be used to affect the migration of all data
(files and shares) from PEPPY to GONZALES. If the target machine is not specified, the local
server is assumed by default.
</para>
<para>
The success of server migration requires a firm understanding of the structure of ther source
server (or domain) as well as the processes on which the migration is critically dependant.
</para>
<sect4>
<title>Share Migration</title>
<para>
The <command>net rpc share migrate</command> command operation permits the migration of plain
share stanzas. A stanza contains the parameters within which a file or print share are defined.
The use of this migration method will create share stanzas that have as parameters the file
system directory path, an optional description, and simple security settings that permit write
access to files. One of the first steps necessary following migration is to review the share
stanzas to ensure that the settings are suitable for use.
</para>
<para>
The shares are created on-the-fly as part of the migration process. The <command>smbd</command>
application does this by calling on the operating system to execute the script specified by the
&smb.conf; parameter <parameter>add share command</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
There is a suitable example script for the <parameter>add share command</parameter> in the
<filename>$SAMBA_SOURCES/examples/scripts</filename> directory. It should be noted that
the account that is used to drive the migration must, of necessity, have appropriate file system
access privileges and have the right to create shares and to set ACLs on them. Such rights are
conferred by these rights: <parameter>SeAddUsersPrivilege, SeDiskOperatorPrivilege</parameter>.
For more information regarding rights and privileges please refer to <link linkend="rights"/>.
</para>
<para>
The syntax of the share migration command is shown here:
<screen>
net rpc share MIGRATE SHARES <sharename> -S <source>
[--destination=localhost] [--exclude=share1,share2] [-v]
</screen>
When the parameter <sharename> is ommited, all shares will be migrated. The potentially
large list of available shares on the system that is being migrated can be limited using the
<parameter>--exclude</parameter> switch. For example:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc share migrate shares myshare\
-S win2k -U administrator%secret"
</screen>
This will migrate the share <constant>myshare</constant> from the server <constant>win2k</constant>
to the Samba Server using the permissions that are tied to the account <constant>administrator</constant>
with the password <constant>secret</constant>. The account that is used must be the same on both the
migration source server, as well as on the target Samba server. The use of the <command>net rpc
vampire</command>, prior to attempting the migration of shares, will ensure that accounts will be
identical on both systems. One precaution worth taking before commencement of migration of shares is
to validate that the migrated accounts (on the Samba server) have the needed rights and privileges.
This can be done as shown here:
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc right list accounts -Uroot%not24get
</screen>
The steps taken so far performs only the migration of shares. Directories and directory contents
are not migrated by the steps covered up to this point.
</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>File and Directory Migration</title>
<para>
Everything covered to this point has been done in preparation for the migration of file and directory
data. For many people preparation is potentially boring and the real excitement only happens when file
data can be used.
<screen>
Migrate files and directories of file-shares
-----------------------------------------------------------
Of more interest than the plain share-migration is getting all files and
directories recursively from a remote server to your local system. "net" allows
to do exactly that. As several other Windows-based utilities (robocopy, scopy
and xcopy to name only a few), "net" can keep the original file-ACLs and
DOS-attributes during the file-copy-process. Please note that including ACLs
only makes sense when it is planned that the destination system is run under
the same security-context as the source system. This is true if the destination
system is run either as a domain-member or as domain-controller of a
"vampired" domain. Also note that the migrated share (as share-definition)
*must* already exist on the destination system.
* Syntax:
net rpc share MIGRATE FILES <sharename> -S <source>
[--destination=localhost] [--exclude=share1,share2]
[--acls] [--attrs] [--timestamps] [-v]
If <sharename> is ommited, all shares will be migrated. The (possibly huge)
list of offered shares on the remote system can be limited with the
"--exclude"-switch.
File-ACLs are included when run with the "--acls"-switch, DOS-attributes
(hidden-, archive-bit, etc.) are included with "--attrs", the original
timestamps are kept when "--timestamps" is choosen. Note that the resulting set
of ACLs, attributes and timestamps is strongly dependent on the capabilities of
your destination system. You may already have noticed the differences between
NTFS-ACLs (that all Windows-Server provide) and POSIX-ACLs (that are available
on Samba-Servers). As the file-copy is done using native Microsoft Network
Protocols, "net" does not alter e.g. ACLs in any ways, it just copies them
one-by-one. Anyway, the resulting ACLs on Samba will most probably not match
the originating ACLs. The ACL-migration may even fail when files and
directories on your source system are owned by a group. As group-ownership of
files and directories is not implemented by Samba3, the copy of the whole ACL
will fail on that file. This is not critical for the whole migration process
and there is a valid workaround: You can use "force unknown acl user = yes" on
the shares on the Samba-side. That way, group-ownership is silently converted
into a user-ownership to the user that is used by the "net"-migration-command.
* Example:
net rpc share migrate files -S nt4box --acls --attrs -U administrator%secret
- will migrate all files and directories from all file-shares shared on
"nt4box" to your to local Samba server using the
"Administrator"-account - including all file-ACLs and all DOS-attributes If.
files are owned by a group on "nt4box" they will be owned by "administrator" on
the Samba server only when all samba-shares use "force unknown acl user = yes".
Migrating shares including files and directories
-----------------------------------------------------------
This mode is just a combination of the two above. It first migrates
share-definitions and then all shared files and directories afterwards.
* Syntax:
net rpc share MIGRATE ALL <sharename> -S <source>
[--exclude=share1, share2] [--acls] [--attrs] [--timestamps] [-v]
' Example:
net rpc share migrate all -S w2k3server -U administrator%secret
- will generate a full file-server clone of "w2k3server" using the
"administrator"-account.
</screen>
</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Printer Migration</title>
<para>
<screen>
Migrating printers
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE PRINTERS [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates printers from remote to local server
Migrating printer-drivers
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE DRIVERS [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates printer-drivers from remote to local server
Migrating printer-forms
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE FORMS [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates printer-forms from remote to local server
Migrating printer security-settings
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE SECURITY [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates printer-ACLs from remote to local server
Migrating printer-settings
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE SETTINGS [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates printer-settings from remote to local server
Migrating printers including all the above mentioned sets of information
-----------------------------------------------------------
net rpc printer MIGRATE ALL [printer] [misc. options] [targets]
migrates drivers, forms, queues, settings and acls from
remote to local print-server
Known Limitations
-----------------------------------------------------------
* net requires that the given credentials exist both on the migration source
and the migration target.
* printer-settings may not be fully or incorrectly migrated. This might in
particular happen when migrating a Windows 2003 print-server to Samba.
</screen>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Controlling Open Files</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Session and Connection Management</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Printers and ADS</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Manipulating the Samba Cache</title>
<para>
Document how to set up trusts here!!!!!!!!!!!
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Other Miscellaneous Operations</title>
<para>
<screen>
&rootprompt; net rpc info
Domain Name: MIDEARTH
Domain SID: S-1-5-21-726309263-4128913605-1168186429
Sequence number: 1115878548
Num users: 5
Num domain groups: 8
Num local groups: 0
</screen>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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