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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>Unicode/Charsets</TITLE
><META
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><DIV
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><H1
><A
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></A
>Chapter 26. Unicode/Charsets</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>26.1. <A
HREF="unicode.html#AEN4132"
>What are charsets and unicode?</A
></DT
><DT
>26.2. <A
HREF="unicode.html#AEN4141"
>Samba and charsets</A
></DT
><DT
>26.3. <A
HREF="unicode.html#AEN4160"
>Conversion from old names</A
></DT
><DT
>26.4. <A
HREF="unicode.html#AEN4168"
>Japanese charsets</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN4132"
>26.1. What are charsets and unicode?</A
></H1
><P
>Computers communicate in numbers. In texts, each number will be
translated to a corresponding letter. The meaning that will be assigned
to a certain number depends on the <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>character set(charset)</I
></SPAN
> that is used.
A charset can be seen as a table that is used to translate numbers to
letters. Not all computers use the same charset (there are charsets
with German umlauts, Japanese characters, etc). Usually a charset contains
256 characters, which means that storing a character with it takes
exactly one byte. </P
><P
>There are also charsets that support even more characters,
but those need twice(or even more) as much storage space. These
charsets can contain <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>256 * 256 = 65536</B
> characters, which
is more then all possible characters one could think of. They are called
multibyte charsets (because they use more then one byte to
store one character). </P
><P
>A standardised multibyte charset is unicode, info available at
<A
HREF="http://www.unicode.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>www.unicode.org</A
>.
Big advantage of using a multibyte charset is that you only need one; no
need to make sure two computers use the same charset when they are
communicating.</P
><P
>Old windows clients used to use single-byte charsets, named
'codepages' by microsoft. However, there is no support for
negotiating the charset to be used in the smb protocol. Thus, you
have to make sure you are using the same charset when talking to an old client.
Newer clients (Windows NT, 2K, XP) talk unicode over the wire.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN4141"
>26.2. Samba and charsets</A
></H1
><P
>As of samba 3.0, samba can (and will) talk unicode over the wire. Internally,
samba knows of three kinds of character sets: </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>unix charset</DT
><DD
><P
> This is the charset used internally by your operating system.
The default is <CODE
CLASS="CONSTANT"
>ASCII</CODE
>, which is fine for most
systems.
</P
></DD
><DT
>display charset</DT
><DD
><P
>This is the charset samba will use to print messages
on your screen. It should generally be the same as the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>unix charset</B
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>dos charset</DT
><DD
><P
>This is the charset samba uses when communicating with
DOS and Windows 9x clients. It will talk unicode to all newer clients.
The default depends on the charsets you have installed on your system.
Run <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>testparm -v | grep "dos charset"</B
> to see
what the default is on your system.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN4160"
>26.3. Conversion from old names</A
></H1
><P
>Because previous samba versions did not do any charset conversion,
characters in filenames are usually not correct in the unix charset but only
for the local charset used by the DOS/Windows clients.</P
><P
>The following script from Steve Langasek converts all
filenames from CP850 to the iso8859-15 charset.</P
><P
><SAMP
CLASS="PROMPT"
>#</SAMP
><KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>find <VAR
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
>/path/to/share</VAR
> -type f -exec bash -c 'CP="{}"; ISO=`echo -n "$CP" | iconv -f cp850 \
-t iso8859-15`; if [ "$CP" != "$ISO" ]; then mv "$CP" "$ISO"; fi' \;</KBD
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN4168"
>26.4. Japanese charsets</A
></H1
><P
>Samba doesn't work correctly with Japanese charsets yet. Here are points of attention when setting it up:</P
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>You should set <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mangling method = hash</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>There are various iconv() implementations around and not all of
them work equally well. glibc2's iconv() has a critical problem in CP932.
libiconv-1.8 works with CP932 but still has some problems and does not
work with EUC-JP. </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>You should set <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dos charset = CP932</B
>, not Shift_JIS, SJIS...</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Currently only <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>unix charset = CP932</B
> will work (but still has some problems...) because of iconv() issues. <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>unix charset = EUC-JP</B
> doesn't work well because of iconv() issues.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Currently Samba 3.0 does not support <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>unix charset = UTF8-MAC/CAP/HEX/JIS*</B
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
><P
>More information (in Japanese) is available at: <A
HREF="http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/flinux/special/samba3/samba3a.html"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.atmarkit.co.jp/flinux/special/samba3/samba3a.html</A
>.</P
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