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|
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>winbindd</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.57"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="REFENTRY"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><H1
><A
NAME="WINBINDD"
>winbindd</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN5"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>winbindd -- Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
from NT servers</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN8"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>nmblookup</B
> [-d debuglevel] [-i] [-S] [-r] [-A] [-h] [-B <broadcast address>] [-U <unicast address>] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-i <NetBIOS scope>] [-T] {name}</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN24"
></A
><H2
>DESCRIPTION</H2
><P
>This tool is part of the <A
HREF="samba.7.html"
TARGET="_top"
> Samba</A
> suite version 3.0 and describes functionality not
yet implemented in the main version of Samba.</P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> is a daemon that provides
a service for the Name Service Switch capability that is present
in most modern C libraries. The Name Service Switch allows user
and system information to be obtained from different databases
services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
throught the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT
> file.
Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
Samba system.</P
><P
>The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and
can be used to resolve user and group information from a
Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
services via an associated PAM module. </P
><P
>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
the winbindd service: </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>passwd</DT
><DD
><P
>User information traditionally stored in
the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>passwd(5)</TT
> file and used by
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getpwent(3)</B
> functions. </P
></DD
><DT
>group</DT
><DD
><P
>Group information traditionally stored in
the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>group(5)</TT
> file and used by
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getgrent(3)</B
> functions. </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
>For example, the following simple configuration in the
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT
> file can be used to initially
resolve user and group information from <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/passwd
</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/group</TT
> and then from the
Windows NT server. </P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN52"
></A
><H2
>OPTIONS</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>-d debuglevel</DT
><DD
><P
>Sets the debuglevel to an integer between
0 and 100. 0 is for no debugging and 100 is for reams and
reams. To submit a bug report to the Samba Team, use debug
level 100 (see BUGS.txt). </P
></DD
><DT
>-i</DT
><DD
><P
>Tells <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> to not
become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
option is used by developers when interactive debugging
of <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> is required. </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN65"
></A
><H2
>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</H2
><P
>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
a relative id (rid) which is unique for the domain when the
user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
into a unix user or group, a mapping between rids and unix user
and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> winbindd</B
> performs. </P
><P
>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
in a database file under the Samba lock directory and will be
remembered. </P
><P
>WARNING: The rid to unix id database is the only location
where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
and group rids. </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN71"
></A
><H2
>CONFIGURATION</H2
><P
>Configuration of the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> daemon
is done through configuration parameters in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>smb.conf(5)
</TT
> file. All parameters should be specified in the
[global] section of smb.conf. </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>winbind separator</DT
><DD
><P
>The winbind separator option allows you
to specify how NT domain names and user names are combined
into unix user names when presented to users. By default,
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> will use the traditional '\'
separator so that the unix user names look like
DOMAIN\username. In some cases this separator character may
cause problems as the '\' character has special meaning in
unix shells. In that case you can use the winbind separator
option to specify an alternative sepataror character. Good
alternatives may be '/' (although that conflicts
with the unix directory separator) or a '+ 'character.
The '+' character appears to be the best choice for 100%
compatibility with existing unix utilities, but may be an
aesthetically bad choice depending on your taste. </P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind separator = \ </B
>
</P
><P
>Example: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind separator = + </B
></P
></DD
><DT
>winbind uid</DT
><DD
><P
>The winbind uid parameter specifies the
range of user ids that are allocated by the winbindd daemon.
This range of ids should have no existing local or nis users
within it as strange conflicts can occur otherwise. </P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind uid = <empty string>
</B
></P
><P
>Example: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind uid = 10000-20000</B
></P
></DD
><DT
>winbind gid</DT
><DD
><P
>The winbind gid parameter specifies the
range of group ids that are allocated by the winbindd daemon.
This range of group ids should have no existing local or nis
groups within it as strange conflicts can occur otherwise.</P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind gid = <empty string>
</B
></P
><P
>Example: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind gid = 10000-20000
</B
> </P
></DD
><DT
>winbind cache time</DT
><DD
><P
>This parameter specifies the number of
seconds the winbindd daemon will cache user and group information
before querying a Windows NT server again. When a item in the
cache is older than this time winbindd will ask the domain
controller for the sequence number of the servers account database.
If the sequence number has not changed then the cached item is
marked as valid for a further <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>winbind cache time
</I
></TT
> seconds. Otherwise the item is fetched from the
server. This means that as long as the account database is not
actively changing winbindd will only have to send one sequence
number query packet every <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>winbind cache time
</I
></TT
> seconds. </P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind cache time = 15</B
>
</P
></DD
><DT
>winbind enum users</DT
><DD
><P
>On large installations it may be necessary
to suppress the enumeration of users through the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> setpwent()</B
>, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getpwent()</B
> and
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>endpwent()</B
> group of system calls. If
the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>winbind enum users</I
></TT
> parameter is false,
calls to the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getpwent</B
> system call will not
return any data. </P
><P
><EM
>Warning:</EM
> Turning off user enumeration
may cause some programs to behave oddly. For example, the finger
program relies on having access to the full user list when
searching for matching usernames. </P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind enum users = yes </B
></P
></DD
><DT
>winbind enum groups</DT
><DD
><P
>On large installations it may be necessary
to suppress the enumeration of groups through the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> setgrent()</B
>, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getgrent()</B
> and
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>endgrent()</B
> group of system calls. If
the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>winbind enum groups</I
></TT
> parameter is
false, calls to the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getgrent()</B
> system
call will not return any data. </P
><P
><EM
>Warning:</EM
> Turning off group
enumeration may cause some programs to behave oddly.
</P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbind enum groups = no </B
>
</P
></DD
><DT
>template homedir</DT
><DD
><P
>When filling out the user information
for a Windows NT user, the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> daemon
uses this parameter to fill in the home directory for that user.
If the string <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>%D</I
></TT
> is present it is
substituted with the user's Windows NT domain name. If the
string <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>%U</I
></TT
> is present it is substituted
with the user's Windows NT user name. </P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>template homedir = /home/%D/%U </B
>
</P
></DD
><DT
>template shell</DT
><DD
><P
>When filling out the user information for
a Windows NT user, the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> daemon
uses this parameter to fill in the shell for that user.
</P
><P
>Default: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>template shell = /bin/false </B
>
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN152"
></A
><H2
>EXAMPLE SETUP</H2
><P
>To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
authentication from a domain controller use something like the
following setup. This was tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box. </P
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT
> put the
following:</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/pam.d/*</TT
> replace the
<TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>auth</I
></TT
> lines with something like this: </P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>Note in particular the use of the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>sufficient</I
></TT
>
keyword and the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>use_first_pass</I
></TT
> keyword. </P
><P
>Now replace the account lines with this: </P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
</B
></P
><P
>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>samedit</B
> program like this: </P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>samedit -S '*' -W DOMAIN -UAdministrator</B
></P
><P
>The username after the <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
>-U</I
></TT
> can be any Domain
user that has administrator priviliges on the machine. Next from
within <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>samedit</B
>, run the command: </P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>createuser MACHINE$ -j DOMAIN -L</B
></P
><P
>This assumes your domain is called "DOMAIN" and your Samba
workstation is called "MACHINE". </P
><P
>Next copy <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>libnss_winbind.so.2</TT
> to
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/lib</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pam_winbind.so</TT
>
to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/lib/security</TT
>.</P
><P
>Finally, setup a smb.conf containing directives like the
following: </P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>[global]
winbind separator = +
winbind cache time = 10
template shell = /bin/bash
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
winbind uid = 10000-20000
winbind gid = 10000-20000
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = domain
password server = *
</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
commands <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getent passwd</B
> and <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getent group
</B
> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN191"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
>The following notes are useful when configuring and
running <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>: </P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>nmbd</B
> must be running on the local machine
for <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> to work. <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>
queries the list of trusted domains for the Windows NT server
on startup and when a SIGHUP is received. Thus, for a running <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> winbindd</B
> to become aware of new trust relationships between
servers, it must be sent a SIGHUP signal. </P
><P
>Client processes resolving names through the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>
nsswitch module read an environment variable named <TT
CLASS="PARAMETER"
><I
> $WINBINDD_DOMAIN</I
></TT
>. If this variable contains a comma separated
list of Windows NT domain names, then winbindd will only resolve users
and groups within those Windows NT domains. </P
><P
>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </P
><P
>If more than one UNIX machine is running <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>,
then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
machine.</P
><P
>If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group id mapping
file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN207"
></A
><H2
>Signals</H2
><P
>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> daemon. </P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>SIGHUP</DT
><DD
><P
>Reload the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>smb.conf(5)</TT
>
file and apply any parameter changes to the running
version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
by winbindd is also reloaded. </P
></DD
><DT
>SIGUSR1</DT
><DD
><P
>The SIGUSR1 signal will cause <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
> winbindd</B
> to write status information to the winbind
log file including information about the number of user and
group ids allocated by <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>.</P
><P
>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
log file parameter.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN224"
></A
><H2
>Files</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Name service switch configuration file.</P
></DD
><DT
>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</DT
><DD
><P
>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
> program. For security reasons, the
winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
if both the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tmp/.winbindd</TT
> directory
and <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</TT
> file are owned by
root. </P
></DD
><DT
>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</DT
><DD
><P
>Implementation of name service switch library.
</P
></DD
><DT
>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</DT
><DD
><P
>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
compiled using the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>--with-lockdir</TT
> option.
This directory is by default <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/samba/var/locks
</TT
>. </P
></DD
><DT
>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</DT
><DD
><P
>Storage for cached user and group information.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN253"
></A
><H2
>VERSION</H2
><P
>This man page is correct for version 2.2 of
the Samba suite. winbindd is however not available in
stable release of Samba as of yet.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN256"
></A
><H2
>SEE ALSO</H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>nsswitch.conf(5)</TT
>,
<A
HREF="samba.7.html"
TARGET="_top"
>samba(7)</A
>,
<A
HREF="wbinfo.1.html"
TARGET="_top"
>wbinfo(1)</A
>,
<A
HREF="smb.conf.5.html"
TARGET="_top"
>smb.conf(5)</A
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN263"
></A
><H2
>AUTHOR</H2
><P
>The original Samba software and related utilities
were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>wbinfo</B
> and <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>winbindd</B
>
were written by Tim Potter.</P
><P
>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
by Gerald Carter</P
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>
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