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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>winbindd</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="winbindd.8"></a><div class="titlepage"><div></div><div></div></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>winbindd — Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
from NT servers</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><tt class="command">winbindd</tt> [-F] [-S] [-i] [-B] [-d <debug level>] [-s <smb config file>] [-n]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>This program is part of the <a href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a> suite.</p><p><b class="command">winbindd</b> is a daemon that provides
a service for the Name Service Switch capability that is present
in most modern C libraries. The Name Service Switch allows user
and system information to be obtained from different databases
services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
throught the <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file.
Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
Samba system.</p><p>The service provided by <b class="command">winbindd</b> is called `winbind' and
can be used to resolve user and group information from a
Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
services via an associated PAM module. </p><p>
The <tt class="filename">pam_winbind</tt> module in the 2.2.2 release only
supports the <i class="parameter"><tt>auth</tt></i> and <i class="parameter"><tt>account</tt></i>
module-types. The latter simply
performs a getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the
user. If the <tt class="filename">libnss_winbind</tt> library has been correctly
installed, this should always succeed.
</p><p>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
the winbindd service: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">hosts</span></dt><dd><p>User information traditionally stored in
the <tt class="filename">hosts(5)</tt> file and used by
<b class="command">gethostbyname(3)</b> functions. Names are
resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">passwd</span></dt><dd><p>User information traditionally stored in
the <tt class="filename">passwd(5)</tt> file and used by
<b class="command">getpwent(3)</b> functions. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">group</span></dt><dd><p>Group information traditionally stored in
the <tt class="filename">group(5)</tt> file and used by
<b class="command">getgrent(3)</b> functions. </p></dd></dl></div><p>For example, the following simple configuration in the
<tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file can be used to initially
resolve user and group information from <tt class="filename">/etc/passwd
</tt> and <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt> and then from the
Windows NT server.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
</pre><p>The following simple configuration in the
<tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file can be used to initially
resolve hostnames from <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> and then from the
WINS server.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>OPTIONS</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">-F</span></dt><dd><p>If specified, this parameter causes
the main <b class="command">winbindd</b> process to not daemonize,
i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
Child processes are still created as normal to service
each connection request, but the main process does not
exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
<b class="command">winbindd</b> under process supervisors such
as <b class="command">supervise</b> and <b class="command">svscan</b>
from Daniel J. Bernstein's <b class="command">daemontools</b>
package, or the AIX process monitor.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt><dd><p>If specified, this parameter causes
<b class="command">winbindd</b> to log to standard output rather
than a file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt><dd><p>Prints the version number for
<b class="command">smbd</b>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-s <configuration file></span></dt><dd><p>The file specified contains the
configuration details required by the server. The
information in this file includes server-specific
information such as what printcap file to use, as well
as descriptions of all the services that the server is
to provide. See <a href="smb.conf.5.html" target="_top"><tt class="filename">
smb.conf(5)</tt></a> for more information.
The default configuration file name is determined at
compile time.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-d|--debug=debuglevel</span></dt><dd><p><i class="replaceable"><tt>debuglevel</tt></i> is an integer
from 0 to 10. The default value if this parameter is
not specified is zero.</p><p>The higher this value, the more detail will be
logged to the log files about the activities of the
server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for
day to day running - it generates a small amount of
information about operations carried out.</p><p>Levels above 1 will generate considerable
amounts of log data, and should only be used when
investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for
use only by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log
data, most of which is extremely cryptic.</p><p>Note that specifying this parameter here will
override the <a href="smb.conf.5.html#loglevel" target="_top">log
level</a> parameter in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html" target="_top">
<tt class="filename">smb.conf(5)</tt></a> file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-l|--logfile=logbasename</span></dt><dd><p>File name for log/debug files. The extension
<tt class="constant">".client"</tt> will be appended. The log file is
never removed by the client.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-h|--help</span></dt><dd><p>Print a summary of command line options.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-i</span></dt><dd><p>Tells <b class="command">winbindd</b> to not
become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
option is used by developers when interactive debugging
of <b class="command">winbindd</b> is required.
<b class="command">winbindd</b> also logs to standard output,
as if the <b class="command">-S</b> parameter had been given.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-n</span></dt><dd><p>Disable caching. This means winbindd will
always have to wait for a response from the domain controller
before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">-B</span></dt><dd><p>Dual daemon mode. This means winbindd will run
as 2 threads. The first will answer all requests from the cache,
thus making responses to clients faster. The other will
update the cache for the query that the first has just responded.
Advantage of this is that responses stay accurate and are faster.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</h2><p>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
a relative id (rid) which is unique for the domain when the
user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
into a unix user or group, a mapping between rids and unix user
and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <b class="command">
winbindd</b> performs. </p><p>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
in a database file under the Samba lock directory and will be
remembered. </p><p>WARNING: The rid to unix id database is the only location
where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
and group rids. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2><p>Configuration of the <b class="command">winbindd</b> daemon
is done through configuration parameters in the <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file. All parameters should be specified in the
[global] section of smb.conf. </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDSEPARATOR" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind separator</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDUID" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind uid</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDGID" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind gid</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDCACHETIME" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind cache time</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDENUMUSERS" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind enum users</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDENUMGROUPS" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind enum groups</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#TEMPLATEHOMEDIR" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>template homedir</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#TEMPLATESHELL" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>template shell</tt></i></a></p></li><li><p><a href="smb.conf.5.html#WINBINDUSEDEFAULTDOMAIN" target="_top">
<i class="parameter"><tt>winbind use default domain</tt></i></a></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>EXAMPLE SETUP</h2><p>To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
authentication from a domain controller use something like the
following setup. This was tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux box. </p><p>In <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> put the
following:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
passwd: files winbind
group: files winbind
</pre><p>In <tt class="filename">/etc/pam.d/*</tt> replace the <i class="parameter"><tt>
auth</tt></i> lines with something like this:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok
</pre><p>Note in particular the use of the <i class="parameter"><tt>sufficient
</tt></i> keyword and the <i class="parameter"><tt>use_first_pass</tt></i> keyword. </p><p>Now replace the account lines with this: </p><p><b class="command">account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
</b></p><p>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
<b class="command">net</b> program like this: </p><p><b class="command">net join -S PDC -U Administrator</b></p><p>The username after the <i class="parameter"><tt>-U</tt></i> can be any
Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</p><p>Next copy <tt class="filename">libnss_winbind.so</tt> to
<tt class="filename">/lib</tt> and <tt class="filename">pam_winbind.so
</tt> to <tt class="filename">/lib/security</tt>. A symbolic link needs to be
made from <tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so</tt> to
<tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</tt>. If you are using an
older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
<tt class="filename">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</tt>.</p><p>Finally, setup a <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> containing directives like the
following:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
[global]
winbind separator = +
winbind cache time = 10
template shell = /bin/bash
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
winbind uid = 10000-20000
winbind gid = 10000-20000
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = domain
password server = *
</pre><p>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
commands <b class="command">getent passwd</b> and <b class="command">getent group
</b> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>NOTES</h2><p>The following notes are useful when configuring and
running <b class="command">winbindd</b>: </p><p><a href="nmbd.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nmbd</span>(8)</span></a> must be running on the local machine
for <b class="command">winbindd</b> to work. <b class="command">winbindd</b> queries
the list of trusted domains for the Windows NT server
on startup and when a SIGHUP is received. Thus, for a running <b class="command">
winbindd</b> to become aware of new trust relationships between
servers, it must be sent a SIGHUP signal. </p><p>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </p><p>If more than one UNIX machine is running <b class="command">winbindd</b>,
then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
machine.</p><p>If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group id mapping
file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>SIGNALS</h2><p>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
<b class="command">winbindd</b> daemon. </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt><dd><p>Reload the <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> file and
apply any parameter changes to the running
version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
by winbindd is also reloaded. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">SIGUSR1</span></dt><dd><p>The SIGUSR1 signal will cause <b class="command">
winbindd</b> to write status information to the winbind
log file including information about the number of user and
group ids allocated by <b class="command">winbindd</b>.</p><p>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
log file parameter.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>FILES</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term"><tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</tt></span></dt><dd><p>Name service switch configuration file.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</span></dt><dd><p>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
the <b class="command">winbindd</b> program. For security reasons, the
winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
if both the <tt class="filename">/tmp/.winbindd</tt> directory
and <tt class="filename">/tmp/.winbindd/pipe</tt> file are owned by
root. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe</span></dt><dd><p>The UNIX pipe over which 'privilaged' clients
communicate with the <b class="command">winbindd</b> program. For security
reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
the <b class="command">ntlm_auth</b> utility - is restricted. By default,
only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
may change the group permissions on $LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged to allow
programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
if both the <tt class="filename">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged</tt> directory
and <tt class="filename">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_privilaged/pipe</tt> file are owned by
root. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</span></dt><dd><p>Implementation of name service switch library.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</span></dt><dd><p>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
id mapping. The lock directory is specified when Samba is initially
compiled using the <i class="parameter"><tt>--with-lockdir</tt></i> option.
This directory is by default <tt class="filename">/usr/local/samba/var/locks
</tt>. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</span></dt><dd><p>Storage for cached user and group information.
</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>VERSION</h2><p>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of
the Samba suite.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p><tt class="filename">nsswitch.conf(5)</tt>, <a href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a>, <a href="wbinfo.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wbinfo</span>(8)</span></a>, <a href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a></p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><h2>AUTHOR</h2><p>The original Samba software and related utilities
were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</p><p><b class="command">wbinfo</b> and <b class="command">winbindd</b> were
written by Tim Potter.</p><p>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</p></div></div></body></html>
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