path: root/source3/tdb/tdb.c

/* 
   Unix SMB/Netbios implementation.
   Version 3.0
   Samba database functions
   Copyright (C) Andrew Tridgell              1999-2000
   Copyright (C) Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton      2000
   Copyright (C) Paul `Rusty' Russell		   2000
   Copyright (C) Jeremy Allison			   2000
   
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.
   
   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.
   
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#ifdef STANDALONE
#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "tdb.h"
#include "spinlock.h"
#else
#include "includes.h"
#endif

#define TDB_MAGIC_FOOD "TDB file\n"
#define TDB_VERSION (0x26011967 + 6)
#define TDB_MAGIC (0x26011999U)
#define TDB_FREE_MAGIC (~TDB_MAGIC)
#define TDB_DEAD_MAGIC (0xFEE1DEAD)
#define TDB_ALIGNMENT 4
#define MIN_REC_SIZE (2*sizeof(struct list_struct) + TDB_ALIGNMENT)
#define DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE 131
#define TDB_PAGE_SIZE 0x2000
#define FREELIST_TOP (sizeof(struct tdb_header))
#define TDB_ALIGN(x,a) (((x) + (a)-1) & ~((a)-1))
#define TDB_BYTEREV(x) (((((x)&0xff)<<24)|((x)&0xFF00)<<8)|(((x)>>8)&0xFF00)|((x)>>24))
#define TDB_DEAD(r) ((r)->magic == TDB_DEAD_MAGIC)
#define TDB_BAD_MAGIC(r) ((r)->magic != TDB_MAGIC && !TDB_DEAD(r))
#define TDB_HASH_TOP(hash) (FREELIST_TOP + (BUCKET(hash)+1)*sizeof(tdb_off))

/* lock offsets */
#define GLOBAL_LOCK 0
#define ACTIVE_LOCK 4

#ifndef MAP_FILE
#define MAP_FILE 0
#endif

#define BUCKET(hash) ((hash) % tdb->header.hash_size)
TDB_DATA tdb_null;

/* all contexts, to ensure no double-opens (fcntl locks don't nest!) */
static TDB_CONTEXT *tdbs = NULL;

static void *tdb_munmap(void *ptr, tdb_len size)
{
#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
	munmap(ptr, size);
#endif
	return NULL;
}

static void *tdb_mmap(tdb_len size, int readonly, int fd)
{
	void *ret = NULL;
#ifdef HAVE_MMAP
	ret = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | (readonly ? 0 : PROT_WRITE), MAP_SHARED|MAP_FILE, fd, 0);

	if (ret == (void *)-1)
		ret = NULL;
#endif
	return ret;
}

/* Endian conversion: we only ever deal with 4 byte quantities */
static void *convert(void *buf, u32 size)
{
	u32 i, *p = buf;
	for (i = 0; i < size / 4; i++) p[i] = TDB_BYTEREV(p[i]);
	return buf;
}
#define DOCONV() (tdb->flags & TDB_CONVERT)
#define CONVERT(x) (DOCONV() ? convert(&x, sizeof(x)) : &x)

/* the body of the database is made of one list_struct for the free space
   plus a separate data list for each hash value */
struct list_struct {
	tdb_off next; /* offset of the next record in the list */
	tdb_len rec_len; /* total byte length of record */
	tdb_len key_len; /* byte length of key */
	tdb_len data_len; /* byte length of data */
	u32 full_hash; /* the full 32 bit hash of the key */
	u32 magic;   /* try to catch errors */
	/* the following union is implied:
	   union {
              char record[rec_len];
	      struct {
	        char key[key_len];
		char data[data_len];
	      }
	      u32 totalsize; (tailer)
           } */
};

/* a byte range locking function - return 0 on success
   this functions locks/unlocks 1 byte at the specified offset */
static int tdb_brlock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, 
		      int rw_type, int lck_type)
{
	struct flock fl;

        if (tdb->flags & TDB_NOLOCK) return 0;
	if (tdb->read_only) return -1;

	fl.l_type = rw_type;
	fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
	fl.l_start = offset;
	fl.l_len = 1;
	fl.l_pid = 0;

	if (fcntl(tdb->fd,lck_type,&fl)) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_LOCK, -1);
	return 0;
}

/* lock a list in the database. list -1 is the alloc list */
static int tdb_lock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, int list, int ltype)
{
	if (list < -1 || list >= (int)tdb->header.hash_size) return -1;
	if (tdb->flags & TDB_NOLOCK) return 0;

	/* Since fcntl locks don't nest, we do a lock for the first one,
	   and simply bump the count for future ones */
	if (tdb->locked[list+1].count == 0) {
		if (tdb->header.rwlocks) {
			if (tdb_spinlock(tdb, list, ltype)) return -1;
		} else if (tdb_brlock(tdb,FREELIST_TOP+4*list,ltype,F_SETLKW))
			return -1;
		tdb->locked[list+1].ltype = ltype;
	}
	tdb->locked[list+1].count++;
	return 0;
}

/* unlock the database: returns void because it's too late for errors. */
static void tdb_unlock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, int list, int ltype)
{
	if (tdb->flags & TDB_NOLOCK) return;

	/* Sanity checks */
	if (list < -1 || list >= (int)tdb->header.hash_size) return;
	if (tdb->locked[list+1].count==0) return;

	if (tdb->locked[list+1].count == 1) {
		/* Down to last nested lock: unlock underneath */
		if (tdb->header.rwlocks) tdb_spinunlock(tdb, list, ltype);
		else tdb_brlock(tdb, FREELIST_TOP+4*list, F_UNLCK, F_SETLKW);
	}
	tdb->locked[list+1].count--;
}

/* This is based on the hash agorithm from gdbm */
static u32 tdb_hash(TDB_DATA *key)
{
	u32 value;	/* Used to compute the hash value.  */
	u32   i;	/* Used to cycle through random values. */

	/* Set the initial value from the key size. */
	for (value = 0x238F13AF * key->dsize, i=0; i < key->dsize; i++)
		value = (value + (key->dptr[i] << (i*5 % 24)));

	return (1103515243 * value + 12345);  
}

/* check for an out of bounds access - if it is out of bounds then
   see if the database has been expanded by someone else and expand
   if necessary */
static int tdb_oob(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset)
{
	struct stat st;
	if (offset <= tdb->map_size) return 0;
	if (tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL) return 0;

	fstat(tdb->fd, &st);
	if (st.st_size <= (size_t)offset) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_IO, -1);

	/* Unmap, update size, remap */
	if (tdb->map_ptr) tdb->map_ptr=tdb_munmap(tdb->map_ptr, tdb->map_size);
	tdb->map_size = st.st_size;
	if (!(tdb->flags & TDB_NOMMAP))
		tdb->map_ptr = tdb_mmap(tdb->map_size, tdb->read_only,tdb->fd);
	return 0;
}

/* write a lump of data at a specified offset */
static int tdb_write(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off, void *buf, tdb_len len)
{
	if (tdb_oob(tdb, off + len) != 0) return -1;

	if (tdb->map_ptr) memcpy(off + (char *)tdb->map_ptr, buf, len);
	else if (lseek(tdb->fd, off, SEEK_SET) != off
		 || write(tdb->fd, buf, len) != (ssize_t)len)
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_IO, -1);
	return 0;
}

/* read a lump of data at a specified offset, maybe convert */
static int tdb_read(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb,tdb_off off,void *buf,tdb_len len,int cv)
{
	if (tdb_oob(tdb, off + len) != 0) return -1;

	if (tdb->map_ptr) memcpy(buf, off + (char *)tdb->map_ptr, len);
	else if (lseek(tdb->fd, off, SEEK_SET) != off
		 || read(tdb->fd, buf, len) != (ssize_t)len)
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_IO, -1);
	if (cv) convert(buf, len);
	return 0;
}

/* read a lump of data, allocating the space for it */
static char *tdb_alloc_read(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, tdb_len len)
{
	char *buf;

	if (!(buf = malloc(len))) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_OOM, buf);
	if (tdb_read(tdb, offset, buf, len, 0) == -1) {
		free(buf);
		return NULL;
	}
	return buf;
}

/* read/write a tdb_off */
static int ofs_read(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, tdb_off *d)
{
	return tdb_read(tdb, offset, (char*)d, sizeof(*d), DOCONV());
}
static int ofs_write(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, tdb_off *d)
{
	tdb_off off = *d;
	return tdb_write(tdb, offset, CONVERT(off), sizeof(*d));
}

/* read/write a record */
static int rec_read(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, struct list_struct *rec)
{
	if (tdb_read(tdb, offset, rec, sizeof(*rec),DOCONV()) == -1) return -1;
	if (TDB_BAD_MAGIC(rec)) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, -1);
	return tdb_oob(tdb, rec->next);
}
static int rec_write(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, struct list_struct *rec)
{
	struct list_struct r = *rec;
	return tdb_write(tdb, offset, CONVERT(r), sizeof(r));
}

/* read a freelist record and check for simple errors */
static int rec_free_read(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off, struct list_struct*rec)
{
	if (tdb_read(tdb, off, rec, sizeof(*rec),DOCONV()) == -1) return -1;
	if (rec->magic != TDB_FREE_MAGIC) {
#ifdef TDB_DEBUG
		printf("bad magic 0x%08x at offset %d\n",
			rec->magic, off);
#endif
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, -1);
	}
	if (tdb_oob(tdb, rec->next) != 0) return -1;
	return 0;
}

/* update a record tailer (must hold allocation lock) */
static int update_tailer(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset,
			 const struct list_struct *rec)
{
	tdb_off totalsize;

	/* Offset of tailer from record header */
	totalsize = sizeof(*rec) + rec->rec_len;
	return ofs_write(tdb, offset + totalsize - sizeof(tdb_off),
			 &totalsize);
}

#ifdef TDB_DEBUG
void tdb_printfreelist(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	long total_free = 0;
    tdb_off offset, rec_ptr, last_ptr;
	struct list_struct rec, lastrec, newrec;

	tdb_lock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);

	last_ptr = 0;
	offset = FREELIST_TOP;

	/* read in the freelist top */
	if (ofs_read(tdb, offset, &rec_ptr) == -1) {
		return;
	}

	printf("freelist top=[0x%08x]\n", rec_ptr );
	while (rec_ptr) {
		if (tdb_read(tdb, rec_ptr, (char *)&rec, sizeof(rec), DOCONV()) == -1) {
			return;
		}

		if (rec.magic != TDB_FREE_MAGIC) {
			printf("bad magic 0x%08x in free list\n", rec.magic);
			return;
		}

		printf("entry offset=[0x%08x], rec.rec_len = [0x%08x (%d)]\n", rec.next, rec.rec_len, rec.rec_len );
		total_free += rec.rec_len;

		/* move to the next record */
		rec_ptr = rec.next;
	}
	printf("total rec_len = [0x%08x (%d)]\n", total_free, total_free );

	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
}
#endif

/* Remove an element from the freelist.  Must have alloc lock. */
static int remove_from_freelist(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off, tdb_off next)
{
	tdb_off last_ptr, i;

	/* read in the freelist top */
	last_ptr = FREELIST_TOP;
	while (ofs_read(tdb, last_ptr, &i) != -1 && i != 0) {
		if (i == off) {
			/* We've found it! */
			return ofs_write(tdb, last_ptr, &next);
		}
		/* Follow chain (next offset is at start of record) */
		last_ptr = i;
	}
	return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, -1);
}

/* Add an element into the freelist. Merge adjacent records if
   neccessary. */
static int tdb_free(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off offset, struct list_struct *rec)
{
	tdb_off right, left;

	/* Allocation and tailer lock */
	if (tdb_lock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK) != 0) return -1;

	/* Look right first (I'm an Australian, dammit) */
	right = offset + sizeof(*rec) + rec->rec_len;
	if (tdb_oob(tdb, right + sizeof(*rec)) == 0) {
		struct list_struct r;

		if (tdb_read(tdb, right, &r, sizeof(r), DOCONV()) == -1)
			goto fail;

		/* If it's free, expand to include it. */
		if (r.magic == TDB_FREE_MAGIC) {
			if (remove_from_freelist(tdb, right, r.next) == -1)
				goto fail;
			rec->rec_len += sizeof(r) + r.rec_len;
		}
	}

	/* Look left */
	left = offset - 4;
	if (left > TDB_HASH_TOP(tdb->header.hash_size-1)) {
		struct list_struct l;
		tdb_off leftsize;

		/* Read in tailer and jump back to header */
		if (ofs_read(tdb, left, &leftsize) == -1) goto fail;
		left = offset - leftsize;

		/* Now read in record */
		if (tdb_read(tdb, left, &l, sizeof(l), DOCONV()) == -1)
			goto fail;

		/* If it's free, expand to include it. */
		if (l.magic == TDB_FREE_MAGIC) {
			if (remove_from_freelist(tdb, left, l.next) == -1)
				goto fail;
			offset = left;
			rec->rec_len += leftsize;
		}
	}
	if (update_tailer(tdb, offset, rec) == -1) goto fail;

	/* Now, prepend to free list */
	rec->magic = TDB_FREE_MAGIC;

	if (ofs_read(tdb, FREELIST_TOP, &rec->next) == -1) goto fail;
	if (rec_write(tdb, offset, rec) == -1) goto fail;
	if (ofs_write(tdb, FREELIST_TOP, &offset) == -1) goto fail;

	/* And we're done. */
	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
	return 0;

 fail:
	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
	return -1;
}

/* expand the database at least size bytes by expanding the underlying
   file and doing the mmap again if necessary */
static int tdb_expand(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off size)
{
	struct list_struct rec;
	tdb_off offset;
	char b = 0;

	if (tdb_lock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK) == -1) return 0;

	/* must know about any previous expansions by another process */
	tdb_oob(tdb, tdb->map_size + 1);

	/* always make room for at least 10 more records, and round
           the database up to a multiple of TDB_PAGE_SIZE */
	size = TDB_ALIGN(tdb->map_size + size*10, TDB_PAGE_SIZE) - tdb->map_size;

	/* expand the file itself */
        if (!(tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL)) {
		lseek(tdb->fd, tdb->map_size + size - 1, SEEK_SET);
		if (write(tdb->fd, &b, 1) != 1) goto fail;
        }

	if (!(tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL) && tdb->map_ptr)
		tdb->map_ptr = tdb_munmap(tdb->map_ptr, tdb->map_size);

	tdb->map_size += size;

	if (tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL)
		tdb->map_ptr = realloc(tdb->map_ptr, tdb->map_size);

	/* form a new freelist record */
	memset(&rec,'\0',sizeof(rec));
	rec.rec_len = size - sizeof(rec);

	/* link it into the free list */
	offset = tdb->map_size - size;
	if (tdb_free(tdb, offset, &rec) == -1) goto fail;

	if (!(tdb->flags & TDB_NOMMAP))
		tdb->map_ptr = tdb_mmap(tdb->map_size, 0, tdb->fd);

	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
	return 0;
 fail:
	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
	return -1;
}

/* allocate some space from the free list. The offset returned points
   to a unconnected list_struct within the database with room for at
   least length bytes of total data

   0 is returned if the space could not be allocated
 */
static tdb_off tdb_allocate(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_len length,
			    struct list_struct *rec)
{
	tdb_off rec_ptr, last_ptr, newrec_ptr;
	struct list_struct newrec;

	if (tdb_lock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK) == -1) return 0;

	/* Extra bytes required for tailer */
	length += sizeof(tdb_off);

 again:
	last_ptr = FREELIST_TOP;

	/* read in the freelist top */
	if (ofs_read(tdb, FREELIST_TOP, &rec_ptr) == -1) goto fail;

	/* keep looking until we find a freelist record big enough */
	while (rec_ptr) {
		if (rec_free_read(tdb, rec_ptr, rec) == -1) goto fail;

		if (rec->rec_len >= length) {
			/* found it - now possibly split it up  */
			if (rec->rec_len > length + MIN_REC_SIZE) {
				/* Length of left piece */
				length = TDB_ALIGN(length, TDB_ALIGNMENT);

				/* Right piece to go on free list */
				newrec.rec_len = rec->rec_len
					- (sizeof(*rec) + length);
				newrec_ptr = rec_ptr + sizeof(*rec) + length;

				/* And left record is shortened */
				rec->rec_len = length;
			} else
				newrec_ptr = 0;

			/* Remove allocated record from the free list */
			if (ofs_write(tdb, last_ptr, &rec->next) == -1)
				goto fail;

			/* Update header: do this before we drop alloc
                           lock, otherwise tdb_free() might try to
                           merge with us, thinking we're free.
                           (Thanks Jeremy Allison). */
			rec->magic = TDB_MAGIC;
			if (rec_write(tdb, rec_ptr, rec) == -1)
				goto fail;

			/* Did we create new block? */
			if (newrec_ptr) {
				/* Update allocated record tailer (we
                                   shortened it). */
				if (update_tailer(tdb, rec_ptr, rec) == -1)
					goto fail;

				/* Free new record */
				if (tdb_free(tdb, newrec_ptr, &newrec) == -1)
					goto fail;
			}

			/* all done - return the new record offset */
			tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
			return rec_ptr;
		}
		/* move to the next record */
		last_ptr = rec_ptr;
		rec_ptr = rec->next;
	}
	/* we didn't find enough space. See if we can expand the
	   database and if we can then try again */
	if (tdb_expand(tdb, length + sizeof(*rec)) == 0) goto again;
 fail:
	tdb_unlock(tdb, -1, F_WRLCK);
	return 0;
}

/* initialise a new database with a specified hash size */
static int tdb_new_database(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, int hash_size)
{
	struct tdb_header *newdb;
	int size, ret;

	/* We make it up in memory, then write it out if not internal */
	size = sizeof(struct tdb_header) + (hash_size+1)*sizeof(tdb_off);
	if (!(newdb = calloc(size, 1))) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_OOM, -1);

        /* Fill in the header */
        newdb->version = TDB_VERSION;
        newdb->hash_size = hash_size;
#ifdef USE_SPINLOCKS
	newdb->rwlocks = size;
#endif
	if (tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL) {
		tdb->map_size = size;
		tdb->map_ptr = (char *)newdb;
		memcpy(&tdb->header, newdb, sizeof(tdb->header));
		/* Convert the `ondisk' version if asked. */
		CONVERT(*newdb);
		return 0;
	}
	lseek(tdb->fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
	ftruncate(tdb->fd, 0);
	/* This creates an endian-converted header, as if read from disk */
	CONVERT(*newdb);
	memcpy(&tdb->header, newdb, sizeof(tdb->header));
	/* Don't endian-convert the magic food! */
	memcpy(newdb->magic_food, TDB_MAGIC_FOOD, strlen(TDB_MAGIC_FOOD)+1);
	if (write(tdb->fd, newdb, size) != size) ret = -1;
	else ret = tdb_create_rwlocks(tdb->fd, hash_size);

	free(newdb);
	return ret;
}

/* Returns 0 on fail.  On success, return offset of record, and fills
   in rec */
static tdb_off tdb_find(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key, u32 hash,
			struct list_struct *r)
{
	tdb_off rec_ptr;
	
	/* read in the hash top */
	if (ofs_read(tdb, TDB_HASH_TOP(hash), &rec_ptr) == -1) return 0;

	/* keep looking until we find the right record */
	while (rec_ptr) {
		if (rec_read(tdb, rec_ptr, r) == -1) return 0;

		if (!TDB_DEAD(r) && hash==r->full_hash && key.dsize==r->key_len) {
			char *k;
			/* a very likely hit - read the key */
			k = tdb_alloc_read(tdb, rec_ptr + sizeof(*r), 
					   r->key_len);
			if (!k) return 0;

			if (memcmp(key.dptr, k, key.dsize) == 0) {
				free(k);
				return rec_ptr;
			}
			free(k);
		}
		rec_ptr = r->next;
	}
	return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOEXIST, 0);
}

/* If they do lockkeys, check that this hash is one they locked */
static int tdb_keylocked(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, u32 hash)
{
	u32 i;
	if (!tdb->lockedkeys) return 1;
	for (i = 0; i < tdb->lockedkeys[0]; i++)
		if (tdb->lockedkeys[i+1] == hash) return 1;
	return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, 0);
}

/* As tdb_find, but if you succeed, keep the lock */
static tdb_off tdb_find_lock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key, int locktype,
			     struct list_struct *rec)
{
	u32 hash, rec_ptr;

	hash = tdb_hash(&key);
	if (!tdb_keylocked(tdb, hash)) return 0;
	if (tdb_lock(tdb, BUCKET(hash), locktype) == -1) return 0;
	if (!(rec_ptr = tdb_find(tdb, key, hash, rec)))
		tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(hash), locktype);
	return rec_ptr;
}

enum TDB_ERROR tdb_error(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	return tdb->ecode;
}

static struct tdb_errname {
	enum TDB_ERROR ecode; const char *estring;
} emap[] = { {TDB_SUCCESS, "Success"},
	     {TDB_ERR_CORRUPT, "Corrupt database"},
	     {TDB_ERR_IO, "IO Error"},
	     {TDB_ERR_LOCK, "Locking error"},
	     {TDB_ERR_OOM, "Out of memory"},
	     {TDB_ERR_EXISTS, "Record exists"},
	     {TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, "Lock exists on other keys"},
	     {TDB_ERR_NOEXIST, "Record does not exist"} };

/* Error string for the last tdb error */
const char *tdb_errorstr(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	u32 i;
	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(emap) / sizeof(struct tdb_errname); i++)
		if (tdb->ecode == emap[i].ecode) return emap[i].estring;
	return "Invalid error code";
}

/* update an entry in place - this only works if the new data size
   is <= the old data size and the key exists.
   on failure return -1
*/
static int tdb_update(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key, TDB_DATA dbuf)
{
	struct list_struct rec;
	tdb_off rec_ptr;
	int ret = -1;

	/* find entry */
	if (!(rec_ptr = tdb_find_lock(tdb, key, F_WRLCK, &rec))) return -1;

	/* must be long enough key, data and tailer */
	if (rec.rec_len < key.dsize + dbuf.dsize + sizeof(tdb_off)) goto out;

	if (tdb_write(tdb, rec_ptr + sizeof(rec) + rec.key_len,
		      dbuf.dptr, dbuf.dsize) == -1)
		goto out;

	if (dbuf.dsize != rec.data_len) {
		/* update size */
		rec.data_len = dbuf.dsize;
		ret = rec_write(tdb, rec_ptr, &rec);
	}
	else ret = 0;
 out:
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(rec.full_hash), F_WRLCK);
	return ret;
}

/* find an entry in the database given a key */
TDB_DATA tdb_fetch(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key)
{
	tdb_off rec_ptr;
	struct list_struct rec;
	TDB_DATA ret;

	/* find which hash bucket it is in */
	if (!(rec_ptr = tdb_find_lock(tdb,key,F_RDLCK,&rec))) return tdb_null;

	ret.dptr = tdb_alloc_read(tdb, rec_ptr + sizeof(rec) + rec.key_len,
				  rec.data_len);
	ret.dsize = rec.data_len;
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(rec.full_hash), F_RDLCK);
	return ret;
}

/* check if an entry in the database exists 

   note that 1 is returned if the key is found and 0 is returned if not found
   this doesn't match the conventions in the rest of this module, but is
   compatible with gdbm
*/
int tdb_exists(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key)
{
	struct list_struct rec;
	
	if (tdb_find_lock(tdb, key, F_RDLCK, &rec) == 0) return 0;
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(rec.full_hash), F_RDLCK);
	return 1;
}

/* record lock stops delete underneath */
static int lock_record(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off)
{
	return off ? tdb_brlock(tdb, off, F_RDLCK, F_SETLKW) : 0;
}
/* write locks override our own fcntl readlocks, so check it here */
static int write_lock_record(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off)
{
	struct tdb_traverse_lock *i;
	for (i = &tdb->travlocks; i; i = i->next) if (i->off == off) return -1;
	return tdb_brlock(tdb, off, F_WRLCK, F_SETLK);
}
static int write_unlock_record(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off)
{
	return tdb_brlock(tdb, off, F_UNLCK, F_SETLK);
}
/* fcntl locks don't stack: avoid unlocking someone else's */
static int unlock_record(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off off)
{
	struct tdb_traverse_lock *i;
	u32 count = 0;

	if (off == 0) return 0;
	for (i = &tdb->travlocks; i; i = i->next) if (i->off == off) count++;
	return (count == 1 ? tdb_brlock(tdb, off, F_UNLCK, F_SETLKW) : 0);
}

/* actually delete an entry in the database given the offset */
static int do_delete(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_off rec_ptr, struct list_struct*rec)
{
	tdb_off last_ptr, i;
	struct list_struct lastrec;

	if (tdb->read_only) return -1;

	if (write_lock_record(tdb, rec_ptr) == -1) {
		/* Someone traversing here: mark it as dead */
		rec->magic = TDB_DEAD_MAGIC;
		return rec_write(tdb, rec_ptr, rec);
	}
	write_unlock_record(tdb, rec_ptr);

	/* find previous record in hash chain */
	if (ofs_read(tdb, TDB_HASH_TOP(rec->full_hash), &i) == -1) return -1;
	for (last_ptr = 0; i != rec_ptr; last_ptr = i, i = lastrec.next)
		if (rec_read(tdb, i, &lastrec) == -1) return -1;

	/* unlink it: next ptr is at start of record. */
	if (last_ptr == 0) last_ptr = TDB_HASH_TOP(rec->full_hash);
	if (ofs_write(tdb, last_ptr, &rec->next) == -1) return -1;

	/* recover the space */
	if (tdb_free(tdb, rec_ptr, rec) == -1) return -1;
	return 0;
}

/* Uses traverse lock: 0 = finish, -1 = error, other = record offset */
static int tdb_next_lock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, struct tdb_traverse_lock *tlock,
			 struct list_struct *rec)
{
	int want_next = (tlock->off != 0);

	/* No traversal allows if you've called tdb_lockkeys() */
	if (tdb->lockedkeys) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, -1);

	/* Lock each chain from the start one. */
	for (; tlock->hash < tdb->header.hash_size; tlock->hash++) {
		if (tdb_lock(tdb, tlock->hash, F_WRLCK) == -1) return -1;

		/* No previous record?  Start at top of chain. */
		if (!tlock->off) {
			if (ofs_read(tdb, TDB_HASH_TOP(tlock->hash),
				     &tlock->off) == -1)
				goto fail;
		} else {
			/* Otherwise unlock the previous record. */
			unlock_record(tdb, tlock->off);
		}

		if (want_next) {
			/* We have offset of old record: grab next */
			if (rec_read(tdb, tlock->off, rec) == -1) goto fail;
			tlock->off = rec->next;
		}

		/* Iterate through chain */
		while( tlock->off) {
			tdb_off current;
			if (rec_read(tdb, tlock->off, rec) == -1) goto fail;
			if (!TDB_DEAD(rec)) {
				/* Woohoo: we found one! */
				lock_record(tdb, tlock->off);
				return tlock->off;
			}
			/* Try to clean dead ones from old traverses */
			current = tlock->off;
			tlock->off = rec->next;
			do_delete(tdb, current, rec);
		}
		tdb_unlock(tdb, tlock->hash, F_WRLCK);
		want_next = 0;
	}
	/* We finished iteration without finding anything */
	return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_SUCCESS, 0);

 fail:
	tlock->off = 0;
	tdb_unlock(tdb, tlock->hash, F_WRLCK);
	return -1;
}

/* traverse the entire database - calling fn(tdb, key, data) on each element.
   return -1 on error or the record count traversed
   if fn is NULL then it is not called
   a non-zero return value from fn() indicates that the traversal should stop
  */
int tdb_traverse(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, tdb_traverse_func fn, void *state)
{
	TDB_DATA key, dbuf;
	struct list_struct rec;
	struct tdb_traverse_lock tl = { NULL, 0, 0 };
	int ret, count = 0;

        /* This was in the initializaton, above, but the IRIX compiler
         * did not like it.  crh
         */
        tl.next = tdb->travlocks.next;

	/* fcntl locks don't stack: beware traverse inside traverse */
	tdb->travlocks.next = &tl;

	/* tdb_next_lock places locks on the record returned, and its chain */
	while ((ret = tdb_next_lock(tdb, &tl, &rec)) > 0) {
		count++;
		/* now read the full record */
		key.dptr = tdb_alloc_read(tdb, tl.off + sizeof(rec), 
					  rec.key_len + rec.data_len);
		if (!key.dptr) {
			tdb_unlock(tdb, tl.hash, F_WRLCK);
			unlock_record(tdb, tl.off);
			tdb->travlocks.next = tl.next;
			return -1;
		}
		key.dsize = rec.key_len;
		dbuf.dptr = key.dptr + rec.key_len;
		dbuf.dsize = rec.data_len;

		/* Drop chain lock, call out */
		tdb_unlock(tdb, tl.hash, F_WRLCK);
		if (fn && fn(tdb, key, dbuf, state)) {
			/* They want us to terminate traversal */
			unlock_record(tdb, tl.off);
			tdb->travlocks.next = tl.next;
			free(key.dptr);
			return count;
		}
		free(key.dptr);
	}
	tdb->travlocks.next = tl.next;
	if (ret < 0) return -1;
	else return count;
}

/* find the first entry in the database and return its key */
TDB_DATA tdb_firstkey(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	TDB_DATA key;
	struct list_struct rec;

	/* release any old lock */
	unlock_record(tdb, tdb->travlocks.off);
	tdb->travlocks.off = tdb->travlocks.hash = 0;

	if (tdb_next_lock(tdb, &tdb->travlocks, &rec) <= 0) return tdb_null;
	/* now read the key */
	key.dsize = rec.key_len;
	key.dptr =tdb_alloc_read(tdb,tdb->travlocks.off+sizeof(rec),key.dsize);
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(tdb->travlocks.hash), F_WRLCK);
	return key;
}

/* find the next entry in the database, returning its key */
TDB_DATA tdb_nextkey(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA oldkey)
{
	u32 oldhash;
	TDB_DATA key = tdb_null;
	struct list_struct rec;
	char *k = NULL;

	/* Is locked key the old key?  If so, traverse will be reliable. */
	if (tdb->travlocks.off) {
		if (tdb_lock(tdb,tdb->travlocks.hash,F_WRLCK)) return tdb_null;
		if (rec_read(tdb, tdb->travlocks.off, &rec) == -1
		    || !(k = tdb_alloc_read(tdb,tdb->travlocks.off+sizeof(rec),
					    rec.key_len))
		    || memcmp(k, oldkey.dptr, oldkey.dsize) != 0) {
			/* No, it wasn't: unlock it and start from scratch */
			unlock_record(tdb, tdb->travlocks.off);
			tdb_unlock(tdb, tdb->travlocks.hash, F_WRLCK);
			tdb->travlocks.off = 0;
		}

		if (k)
			free(k);
	}

	if (!tdb->travlocks.off) {
		/* No previous element: do normal find, and lock record */
		tdb->travlocks.off = tdb_find_lock(tdb, oldkey, F_WRLCK, &rec);
		if (!tdb->travlocks.off) return tdb_null;
		tdb->travlocks.hash = BUCKET(rec.full_hash);
		lock_record(tdb, tdb->travlocks.off);
	}
	oldhash = tdb->travlocks.hash;

	/* Grab next record: locks chain and returned record,
	   unlocks old record */
	if (tdb_next_lock(tdb, &tdb->travlocks, &rec) > 0) {
		key.dsize = rec.key_len;
		key.dptr = tdb_alloc_read(tdb, tdb->travlocks.off+sizeof(rec),
					  key.dsize);
		/* Unlock the chain of this new record */
		tdb_unlock(tdb, tdb->travlocks.hash, F_WRLCK);
	}
	/* Unlock the chain of old record */
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(oldhash), F_WRLCK);
	return key;
}

/* delete an entry in the database given a key */
int tdb_delete(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key)
{
	tdb_off rec_ptr;
	struct list_struct rec;
	int ret;

	if (!(rec_ptr = tdb_find_lock(tdb, key, F_WRLCK, &rec))) return -1;
	ret = do_delete(tdb, rec_ptr, &rec);
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(rec.full_hash), F_WRLCK);
	return ret;
}

/* store an element in the database, replacing any existing element
   with the same key 

   return 0 on success, -1 on failure
*/
int tdb_store(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key, TDB_DATA dbuf, int flag)
{
	struct list_struct rec;
	u32 hash;
	tdb_off rec_ptr;
	char *p = NULL;
	int ret = 0;

	/* find which hash bucket it is in */
	hash = tdb_hash(&key);
	if (!tdb_keylocked(tdb, hash)) return -1;
	if (tdb_lock(tdb, BUCKET(hash), F_WRLCK) == -1) return -1;

	/* check for it existing, on insert. */
	if (flag == TDB_INSERT) {
		if (tdb_exists(tdb, key)) {
			tdb->ecode = TDB_ERR_EXISTS;
			goto fail;
		}
	} else {
		/* first try in-place update, on modify or replace. */
		if (tdb_update(tdb, key, dbuf) == 0) goto out;
		if (flag == TDB_MODIFY && tdb->ecode == TDB_ERR_NOEXIST)
			goto fail;
	}
	/* reset the error code potentially set by the tdb_update() */
	tdb->ecode = TDB_SUCCESS;

	/* delete any existing record - if it doesn't exist we don't
           care.  Doing this first reduces fragmentation, and avoids
           coalescing with `allocated' block before it's updated. */
	if (flag != TDB_INSERT) tdb_delete(tdb, key);

	/* Copy key+value *before* allocating free space in case malloc
	   fails and we are left with a dead spot in the tdb. */

	if (!(p = (char *)malloc(key.dsize + dbuf.dsize))) {
		tdb->ecode = TDB_ERR_OOM;
		goto fail;
	}

	memcpy(p, key.dptr, key.dsize);
	memcpy(p+key.dsize, dbuf.dptr, dbuf.dsize);

	/* now we're into insert / modify / replace of a record which
	 * we know could not be optimised by an in-place store (for
	 * various reasons).  */
	if (!(rec_ptr = tdb_allocate(tdb, key.dsize + dbuf.dsize, &rec)))
		goto fail;

	/* Read hash top into next ptr */
	if (ofs_read(tdb, TDB_HASH_TOP(hash), &rec.next) == -1) goto fail;

	rec.key_len = key.dsize;
	rec.data_len = dbuf.dsize;
	rec.full_hash = hash;
	rec.magic = TDB_MAGIC;

	/* write out and point the top of the hash chain at it */
	if (rec_write(tdb, rec_ptr, &rec) == -1
	    || tdb_write(tdb, rec_ptr+sizeof(rec), p, key.dsize+dbuf.dsize)==-1
	    || ofs_write(tdb, TDB_HASH_TOP(hash), &rec_ptr) == -1) {
	fail:
		/* Need to tdb_unallocate() here */
		ret = -1;
	}
 out:
	free(p); 
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(hash), F_WRLCK);
	return ret;
}

/* open the database, creating it if necessary 

   The open_flags and mode are passed straight to the open call on the
   database file. A flags value of O_WRONLY is invalid. The hash size
   is advisory, use zero for a default value.

   return is NULL on error */
TDB_CONTEXT *tdb_open(char *name, int hash_size, int tdb_flags,
		      int open_flags, mode_t mode)
{
	TDB_CONTEXT tdb, *ret, *i;
	struct stat st;
	int rev = 0, locked;

	memset(&tdb, 0, sizeof(tdb));
	tdb.fd = -1;
	tdb.name = NULL;
	tdb.map_ptr = NULL;
	tdb.lockedkeys = NULL;
	tdb.flags = tdb_flags;

	if ((open_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) goto fail;
	if (hash_size == 0) hash_size = DEFAULT_HASH_SIZE;
	if ((open_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY) {
		tdb.read_only = 1;
		/* read only databases don't do locking */
		tdb.flags |= TDB_NOLOCK;
	}

	/* internal databases don't mmap or lock, and start off cleared */
	if (tdb.flags & TDB_INTERNAL) {
		tdb.flags |= (TDB_NOLOCK | TDB_NOMMAP);
		tdb.flags &= ~TDB_CLEAR_IF_FIRST;
		tdb_new_database(&tdb, hash_size);
		goto internal;
	}

	if ((tdb.fd = open(name, open_flags, mode)) == -1) goto fail;

	/* ensure there is only one process initialising at once */
	tdb_brlock(&tdb, GLOBAL_LOCK, F_WRLCK, F_SETLKW);
	
	/* we need to zero database if we are the only one with it open */
	if ((locked = (tdb_brlock(&tdb, ACTIVE_LOCK, F_WRLCK, F_SETLK) == 0))
	    && (tdb_flags & TDB_CLEAR_IF_FIRST)) {
		open_flags |= O_CREAT;
		ftruncate(tdb.fd, 0);
	}

	if (read(tdb.fd, &tdb.header, sizeof(tdb.header)) != sizeof(tdb.header)
	    || strcmp(tdb.header.magic_food, TDB_MAGIC_FOOD) != 0
	    || (tdb.header.version != TDB_VERSION
		&& !(rev = (tdb.header.version==TDB_BYTEREV(TDB_VERSION))))) {
		/* its not a valid database - possibly initialise it */
		if (!(open_flags & O_CREAT)
		    || tdb_new_database(&tdb, hash_size) == -1) goto fail;
		rev = (tdb.flags & TDB_CONVERT);
	}
	if (!rev) tdb.flags &= ~TDB_CONVERT;
	else {
		tdb.flags |= TDB_CONVERT;
		convert(&tdb.header, sizeof(tdb.header));
	}
	fstat(tdb.fd, &st);
	/* Is it already in the open list?  If so, fail. */
	for (i = tdbs; i; i = i->next) {
		if (i->device == st.st_dev && i->inode == st.st_ino) {
			errno = EBUSY;
			close(tdb.fd);
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	/* map the database and fill in the return structure */
	tdb.name = (char *)strdup(name);
	tdb.map_size = st.st_size;
	tdb.device = st.st_dev;
	tdb.inode = st.st_ino;
        tdb.locked = calloc(tdb.header.hash_size+1, sizeof(tdb.locked[0]));
        if (!tdb.locked) goto fail;
	if (!(tdb.flags & TDB_NOMMAP))
		tdb.map_ptr = tdb_mmap(st.st_size, tdb.read_only, tdb.fd);
	if (locked) {
		tdb_clear_spinlocks(&tdb);
		tdb_brlock(&tdb, ACTIVE_LOCK, F_UNLCK, F_SETLK);
	}
	/* leave this lock in place to indicate it's in use */
	tdb_brlock(&tdb, ACTIVE_LOCK, F_RDLCK, F_SETLKW);

 internal:
	if (!(ret = malloc(sizeof(tdb)))) goto fail;
	*ret = tdb;
	tdb_brlock(&tdb, GLOBAL_LOCK, F_UNLCK, F_SETLKW);
	ret->next = tdbs;
	tdbs = ret;
	return ret;

 fail:
        if (tdb.name) free(tdb.name);
	if (tdb.fd != -1) close(tdb.fd);
	if (tdb.map_ptr) tdb_munmap(tdb.map_ptr, tdb.map_size);
	return NULL;
}

/* close a database */
int tdb_close(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	TDB_CONTEXT **i;
	int ret = 0;

	if (tdb->map_ptr) {
		if (tdb->flags & TDB_INTERNAL) free(tdb->map_ptr);
		else tdb_munmap(tdb->map_ptr, tdb->map_size);
	}
	if (tdb->name) free(tdb->name);
	if (tdb->fd != -1) {
		ret = close(tdb->fd);
	}
	if (tdb->locked) free(tdb->locked);
	if (tdb->lockedkeys) free(tdb->lockedkeys);

	/* Remove from contexts list */
	for (i = &tdbs; *i; i = &(*i)->next) {
		if (*i == tdb) {
			*i = tdb->next;
			break;
		}
	}

	memset(tdb, 0, sizeof(*tdb));
	free(tdb);

	return ret;
}

/* lock/unlock entire database */
int tdb_lockall(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	u32 i;

	/* There are no locks on read-only dbs */
	if (tdb->read_only) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_LOCK, -1);
	if (tdb->lockedkeys) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, -1);
	for (i = 0; i < tdb->header.hash_size; i++) 
		if (tdb_lock(tdb, i, F_WRLCK))
			break;

	/* If error, release locks we have... */
	if (i < tdb->header.hash_size) {
		u32 j;

		for ( j = 0; j < i; j++)
			tdb_unlock(tdb, j, F_WRLCK);
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, -1);
	}

	return 0;
}
void tdb_unlockall(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	u32 i;
	for (i=0; i < tdb->header.hash_size; i++) tdb_unlock(tdb, i, F_WRLCK);
}

int tdb_lockkeys(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, u32 number, TDB_DATA keys[])
{
	u32 i, j, hash;

	/* Can't lock more keys if already locked */
	if (tdb->lockedkeys) return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, -1);
	if (!(tdb->lockedkeys = malloc(sizeof(u32) * (number+1))))
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_OOM, -1);
	/* First number in array is # keys */
	tdb->lockedkeys[0] = number;

	/* Insertion sort by bucket */
	for (i = 0; i < number; i++) {
		hash = tdb_hash(&keys[i]);
		for (j = 0;
		     j < i && BUCKET(tdb->lockedkeys[j+1]) < BUCKET(hash);
		     j++);
		memmove(&tdb->lockedkeys[j+2], &tdb->lockedkeys[j+1],
			sizeof(u32) * (i-j));
		tdb->lockedkeys[j+1] = hash;
	}
	/* Finally, lock in order */
	for (i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (tdb_lock(tdb, i, F_WRLCK))
			break;

	/* If error, release locks we have... */
	if (i < number) {
		for ( j = 0; j < i; j++)
			tdb_unlock(tdb, j, F_WRLCK);
		free(tdb->lockedkeys);
		tdb->lockedkeys = NULL;
		return TDB_ERRCODE(TDB_ERR_NOLOCK, -1);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Unlock the keys previously locked by tdb_lockkeys() */
void tdb_unlockkeys(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb)
{
	u32 i;
	for (i = 0; i < tdb->lockedkeys[0]; i++)
		tdb_unlock(tdb, tdb->lockedkeys[i+1], F_WRLCK);
	free(tdb->lockedkeys);
	tdb->lockedkeys = NULL;
}

/* lock/unlock one hash chain. This is meant to be used to reduce
   contention - it cannot guarantee how many records will be locked */
int tdb_chainlock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key)
{
	return tdb_lock(tdb, BUCKET(tdb_hash(&key)), F_WRLCK);
}
void tdb_chainunlock(TDB_CONTEXT *tdb, TDB_DATA key)
{
	tdb_unlock(tdb, BUCKET(tdb_hash(&key)), F_WRLCK);
}