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authorAlexander Bokovoy <ab@samba.org>2003-04-30 21:23:00 +0000
committerAlexander Bokovoy <ab@samba.org>2003-04-30 21:23:00 +0000
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
+
+<!ENTITY % globalentities SYSTEM './../global.ent'> %globalentities;
+]>
+<refentry id="smbpasswd.5">
+
+<refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+</refmeta>
+
+
+<refnamediv>
+ <refname>smbpasswd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>The Samba encrypted password file</refpurpose>
+</refnamediv>
+
+<refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>smbpasswd</filename></para>
+</refsynopsisdiv>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
+
+ <para>This tool is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Samba</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
+
+ <para>smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file. It contains
+ the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the
+ user, as well as account flag information and the time the
+ password was last changed. This file format has been evolving with
+ Samba and has had several different formats in the past. </para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>FILE FORMAT</title>
+
+ <para>The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2.2
+ is very similar to the familiar Unix <filename>passwd(5)</filename>
+ file. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user. Each field
+ ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon. Any entry
+ beginning with '#' is ignored. The smbpasswd file contains the
+ following information for each user: </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>name</term>
+ <listitem><para> This is the user name. It must be a name that
+ already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>uid</term>
+ <listitem><para>This is the UNIX uid. It must match the uid
+ field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file.
+ If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize
+ this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Lanman Password Hash</term>
+ <listitem><para>This is the LANMAN hash of the user's password,
+ encoded as 32 hex digits. The LANMAN hash is created by DES
+ encrypting a well known string with the user's password as the
+ DES key. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines.
+ Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is
+ vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the
+ same password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password
+ is not "salted" as the UNIX password is). If the user has a
+ null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD"
+ as the start of the hex string. If the hex string is equal to
+ 32 'X' characters then the user's account is marked as
+ <constant>disabled</constant> and the user will not be able to
+ log onto the Samba server. </para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>WARNING !!</emphasis> Note that, due to
+ the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication
+ protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will
+ be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this
+ reason these hashes are known as <emphasis>plain text
+ equivalents</emphasis> and must <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> be made
+ available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords
+ the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and
+ traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file
+ itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no
+ other access. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>NT Password Hash</term>
+ <listitem><para>This is the Windows NT hash of the user's
+ password, encoded as 32 hex digits. The Windows NT hash is
+ created by taking the user's password as represented in
+ 16-bit, little-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4
+ (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it. </para>
+
+ <para>This password hash is considered more secure than
+ the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the
+ password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm.
+ However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same
+ password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password is
+ not "salted" as the UNIX password is). </para>
+
+ <para><emphasis>WARNING !!</emphasis>. Note that, due to
+ the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication
+ protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will
+ be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this
+ reason these hashes are known as <emphasis>plain text
+ equivalents</emphasis> and must <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> be made
+ available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords
+ the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and
+ traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file
+ itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no
+ other access. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Account Flags</term>
+ <listitem><para>This section contains flags that describe
+ the attributes of the users account. In the Samba 2.2 release
+ this field is bracketed by '[' and ']' characters and is always
+ 13 characters in length (including the '[' and ']' characters).
+ The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>U</emphasis> - This means
+ this is a "User" account, i.e. an ordinary user. Only User
+ and Workstation Trust accounts are currently supported
+ in the smbpasswd file. </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>N</emphasis> - This means the
+ account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN
+ Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored). Note that this
+ will only allow users to log on with no password if the <parameter>
+ null passwords</parameter> parameter is set in the <ulink
+ url="smb.conf.5.html#NULLPASSWORDS"><citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></ulink> config file. </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>D</emphasis> - This means the account
+ is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user. </para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para><emphasis>W</emphasis> - This means this account
+ is a "Workstation Trust" account. This kind of account is used
+ in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations
+ and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future.
+ The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>Last Change Time</term>
+ <listitem><para>This field consists of the time the account was
+ last modified. It consists of the characters 'LCT-' (standing for
+ "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time
+ in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>VERSION</title>
+
+ <para>This man page is correct for version 3.0 of
+ the Samba suite.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbpasswd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>Samba</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and
+ the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm.
+ </para>
+</refsect1>
+
+<refsect1>
+ <title>AUTHOR</title>
+
+ <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
+ were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
+ by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
+ to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
+
+ <para>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer.
+ The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another
+ excellent piece of Open Source software, available at <ulink url="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/">
+ ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</ulink>) and updated for the Samba 2.0
+ release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for
+ Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2
+ for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>
+</refsect1>
+
+</refentry>