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+<chapter id="CUPS-printing">
+
+
+<chapterinfo>
+	&author.jht;
+	<author>
+		<firstname>Kurt</firstname><surname>Pfeifle</surname>
+		<affiliation>
+			<address><email>kpfeifle@danka.de</email></address>
+		</affiliation>
+	</author>
+	<pubdate> (25 March 2003) </pubdate>
+</chapterinfo>
+
+<title>CUPS Printing Support</title>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Introduction</title>
+	
+<para>
+The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) has become very popular, but to many it is
+a very mystical tool. There is a great deal of uncertainty regarding CUPS and how
+it works. The result is seen in a large number of posting on the samba mailing lists
+expressing frustration when MS Windows printers appear not to work with a CUPS
+backr-end.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This is a good time to point out how CUPS can be used and what it does. CUPS is more
+than just a print spooling system - it is a complete printer management system that
+complies with HTTP and IPP protocols. It can be managed remotely via a web browser
+and it can print using http and ipp protocols.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS allows to creation of RAW printers (ie: NO file format translation) as well as
+SMART printers (ie: CUPS does file format conversion as required for the printer). In
+many ways this gives CUPS similar capabilities to the MS Windows print monitoring
+system. Of course, if you are a CUPS advocate, you would agrue that CUPS is better!
+In any case, let us now move on to explore how one may configure CUPS for interfacing
+with MS Windows print clients via Samba.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS</ulink> is a newcomer in the UNIX printing scene,
+which has convinced many people upon first trial already. However, it has quite a few
+new features, which make it different from other, more traditional printing systems.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Configuring &smb.conf; for CUPS</title>
+
+<para>
+Printing with CUPS in the most basic &smb.conf;
+setup in Samba-3  only needs two settings: <command>printing = cups</command> and
+<command>printcap = cups</command>. While CUPS itself doesn't need a printcap
+anymore, the <filename>cupsd.conf</filename> configuration file knows two directives
+(example: <command>Printcap /etc/printcap</command> and <command>PrintcapFormat
+BSD</command>), which control if such a file should be created for the
+convenience of third party applications. Make sure it is set! For details see
+<command>man cupsd.conf</command> and other CUPS-related documentation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If SAMBA is compiled against libcups, then <command>printcap = cups</command> uses the
+CUPS API to list printers, submit jobs, etc. Otherwise it maps to the System V commands
+with an additional <parameter>-oraw</parameter> option for printing. On a Linux system,
+you can use the <command>ldd</command> command to find out details (ldd may not be
+present on other OS platforms, or its function may be embodied by a different command):
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<programlisting>transmeta:/home/kurt # ldd `which smbd`
+        libssl.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.6 (0x4002d000)
+        libcrypto.so.0.9.6 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.6 (0x4005a000)
+        libcups.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcups.so.2 (0x40123000)
+        libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401e8000)
+        libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x401ec000)
+        libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x40202000)
+        libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4020b000)
+        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 =&gt; /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+The line "libcups.so.2 =&gt; /usr/lib/libcups.so.2
+(0x40123000)" shows there is CUPS support compiled into this version of
+Samba. If this is the case, and <command>printing = cups</command> is set, then any
+otherwise manually set print command in &smb.conf; is ignored.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS - RAW Print Through Mode</title>
+
+<note>
+<para>
+When used in raw print through mode is will be necessary to use the printer
+vendor's drivers in each Windows client PC.
+</para>
+</note>
+
+<para>
+When CUPS printers are configured for RAW print-through mode operation it is the
+responsibility of the Samba client to fully render the print job (file) in a format
+that is suitable for direct delivery to the printer. In this case CUPS will NOT
+do any print file format conversion work.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The CUPS files that need to be correctly set for RAW mode printers to work are:
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename></para></listitem>
+	<listitem><para><filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename></para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+Both contain entries that must be uncommented to allow <emphasis>RAW</emphasis> mode
+operation.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Firstly, to enable CUPS based printing from Samba the following options must be
+enabled in your &smb.conf; file [globals] section:
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>printing = CUPS</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>printcap = CUPS</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+When these parameters are specified the print directives in &smb.conf; (as well as in
+samba itself) will be ignored because samba will directly interface with CUPS through
+it's application program interface (API) - so long as Samba has been compiled with
+CUPS library (libcups) support. If samba has NOT been compiled with CUPS support then
+printing will use the System V AT&amp;T command set with the <emphasis>-oraw</emphasis> 
+option automatically passing through.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Cupsomatic (an enhanced printing utility that is part of some CUPS implementations) 
+on the Samba/CUPS server does *not* add any features if a file is really
+printed "raw".  However, if you have loaded the driver for the Windows client from
+the CUPS server, using the "cupsaddsmb" utility, and if this driver is one using
+a "Foomatic" PPD, the PJL header in question is already added on the Windows client,
+at the time when the driver initially generated the PostScript data and CUPS in true
+"-oraw" manner doesn't remove this PJL header and passes the file "as is" to its
+printer communication backend.
+</para>
+
+<note><para>NOTE: editing in the "mime.convs" and the "mime.types" file does not *enforce*
+"raw" printing, it only *allows* it.</para></note>
+
+<para>
+Print files that arrive from MS Windows printing are "auto-typed" by CUPS. This aids
+the process of determining proper treatment while in the print queue system.
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	Files generated by PCL drivers and directed at PCK printers get auto-typed as
+	<filename>application/octet-stream</filename>. Unknown file format types also
+	get auto-typed with this tag.
+	</para></listitem>
+
+	<listitem><para>
+	Files generated by a Postscript driver and directed at a Postscript printer
+	are auto-typed depending on the auto-detected most suitable MIME type as:
+
+	<itemizedlist>
+		<listitem><para>* application/postscript</para></listitem>
+		<listitem><para>* application/vnd.cups-postscript</para></listitem>
+	</itemizedlist>
+	</para>
+	</listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</para>
+
+
+<para>
+"application/postscript" first goes thru the "pstops" filter (where the page counting
+and accounting takes place). The outcome will be of MIME type
+"application/vnd.cups-postscript". The pstopsfilter reads and uses information from
+the PPD and inserts user-provided options into the PostScript file. As a consequence,
+the filtered file could possibly have an unwanted PJL header.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"application/postscript" will be all files with a ".ps", ".ai", ".eps" suffix or which
+have as their first character string one of "%!" or "&gt;04&lt;%".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"application/vnd.cups-postscript" will files which contain the string
+"LANGUAGE=POSTSCRIPT" (or similar variations with different capitalization) in the
+first 512 bytes, and also contain the "PJL super escape code" in the first 128 bytes
+("&gt;1B&lt;%-12345X"). Very likely, most PostScript files generated on Windows using a CUPS
+or other PPD, will have to be auto-typed as "vnd.cups-postscript".  A file produced
+with a "Generic PostScript driver" will just be tagged "application/postscript".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Once the file is in "application/vnd.cups-postscript" format, either "pstoraster"
+or "cupsomatic" will take over (depending on the printer configuration, as
+determined by the PPD in use).
+</para>
+
+<note><para>
+A printer queue with *no* PPD associated to it is a "raw" printer and all files
+will go directly there as received by the spooler. The exeptions are file types
+"application/octet-stream" which need "passthrough feature" enabled.
+"Raw" queues don't do any filtering at all, they hand the file directly to the
+CUPS backend. This backend is responsible for the sending of the data to the device
+(as in the "device URI" notation as lpd://, socket://, smb://, ipp://, http://,
+parallel:/, serial:/, usb:/ etc.)
+</para></note>
+
+<note><para>
+"cupsomatic"/Foomatic are *not* native CUPS drivers and they don't ship with CUPS.
+They are a Third Party add-on, developed at Linuxprinting.org.  As such, they are
+a brilliant hack to make all models (driven by Ghostscript drivers/filters in
+traditional spoolers) also work via CUPS, with the same (good or bad!) quality
+as in these other spoolers. "cupsomatic" is only a vehicle to execute a ghostscript
+commandline at that stage in the CUPS filtering chain, where "normally" the native
+CUPS "pstoraster" filter would kick in.  cupsomatic by-passes pstoraster, "kidnaps"
+the printfile from CUPS away and re-directs it to go through Ghostscipt. CUPS accepts this,
+because the associated CUPS-O-Matic-/Foomatic-PPD specifies:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   *cupsFilter:  "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 cupsomatic"
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This line persuades CUPS to hand the file to cupsomatic, once it has successfully
+converted it to the MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript". This conversion will not
+happen for Jobs arriving from Windows which are auto-typed "application/octet-stream",
+with the according changes in "/etc/cups/mime.types" in place.
+</para></note>
+
+<para>
+CUPS is widely configurable and flexible, even regarding its filtering mechanism.
+Another workaround in some situations would be to have
+in "/etc/cups/mime.types" entries as follows:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   application/postscript           application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+   application/vnd.cups-postscript  application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This would prevent all Postscript files from being filtered (rather, they will go
+thru the virtual "nullfilter" denoted with "-"). This could only be useful for
+PS printers. If you want to print PS code on non-PS printers an entry as follows
+could be useful:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   */*           application/vnd.cups-raw  0  -
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+and would effectively send *all* files to the backend without further processing.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Lastly, you could have the following entry:
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+   application/vnd.cups-postscript  application/vnd.cups-raw  0  my_PJL_stripping_filter
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+You will need to write a "my_PJL_stripping_filter" (could be a shellscript) that
+parses the PostScript and removes the unwanted PJL. This would need to conform to
+CUPS filter design (mainly, receive and pass the parameters printername, job-id,
+username, jobtitle, copies, print options and possibly the filename). It would
+be installed as world executable into "/usr/lib/cups/filters/" and will be called
+by CUPS if it encounters a MIME type "application/vnd.cups-postscript".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS can handle "-o job-hold-until=indefinite". This keeps the job in the queue
+"on hold". It will only be printed upon manual release by the printer operator.
+This is a requirement in many "central reproduction departments", where a few
+operators manage the jobs of hundreds of users on some big machine, where no
+user is allowed to have direct access. (The operators often need to load the
+proper paper type before running the 10.000 page job requested by marketing
+for the mailing, etc.).
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS as a network PostScript RIP</title>
+
+<para>
+This is the configuration where CUPS drivers are working on server, and where the
+Adobe PostScript driver with CUPS-PPDs is downloaded to clients.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS is perfectly able to use PPD files (PostScript
+Printer Descriptions). PPDs can control all print device options. They
+are usually provided by the manufacturer -- if you own a PostSript printer,
+that is. PPD files are always a component of PostScript printer drivers on MS
+Windows or Apple Mac OS systems. They are ASCII files containing
+user-selectable print options, mapped to appropriate PostScript, PCL or PJL
+commands for the target printer. Printer driver GUI dialogs translate these
+options "on-the-fly" into buttons and drop-down lists for the user to
+select.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS can load, without any conversions, the PPD file from
+any Windows (NT is recommended) PostScript driver and handle the options.
+There is a web browser interface to the print options (select
+http://localhost:631/printers/ and click on one "Configure Printer" button
+to see it), a commandline interface (see <command>man lpoptions</command> or
+try if you have <command>lphelp</command> on your system) plus some different GUI frontends on Linux
+UNIX, which can present PPD options to the users. PPD options are normally
+meant to become evaluated by the PostScript RIP on the real PostScript
+printer.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS doesn't stop at "real" PostScript printers in its
+usage of PPDs. The CUPS developers have extended the PPD concept, to also
+describe available device and driver options for non-PostScript printers
+through  CUPS-PPDs.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This is logical, as CUPS includes a fully featured
+PostScript interpreter (RIP). This RIP is based on Ghostscript. It can
+process all received PostScript (and additionally many other file formats)
+from clients. All CUPS-PPDs geared to non-PostScript printers contain an
+additional line, starting with the keyword <parameter>*cupsFilter</parameter>.
+This line
+tells the CUPS print system which printer-specific filter to use for the
+interpretation of the accompanying PostScript. Thus CUPS lets all its
+printers appear as PostScript devices to its clients, because it can act as a
+PostScript RIP for those printers, processing the received PostScript code
+into a proper raster print format.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+CUPS-PPDs can also be used on Windows-Clients, on top of a
+PostScript driver (recommended is the Adobe one).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This feature enables CUPS to do a few tricks no other
+spooler can do:
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+  <listitem><para>act as a networked PostScript RIP (Raster Image Processor), handling
+    printfiles from all client platforms in a uniform way;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>act as a central accounting and billing server, as all files are passed
+    through the <command>pstops</command> Filter and are therefor logged in
+    the CUPS <filename>page&lowbar;log</filename>. - <emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>this
+    can not happen with "raw" print jobs, which always remain unfiltered
+    per definition;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>enable clients to consolidate on a single PostScript driver, even for
+    many different target printers.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Windows Terminal Servers (WTS) as CUPS clients</title>
+
+<para>
+This setup may be of special interest to people
+experiencing major problems in WTS environments. WTS need often a multitude
+of non-PostScript drivers installed to run their clients' variety of
+different printer models. This often imposes the price of much increased
+instability. In many cases, in an attempt to overcome this problem, site
+administrators have resorted to restrict the allowed drivers installed on
+their WTS to one generic PCL- and one PostScript driver. This however
+restricts the clients in the amount of printer options available for them --
+often they can't get out more then simplex prints from one standard paper
+tray, while their devices could do much better, if driven by a different
+driver!
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Using an Adobe PostScript driver, enabled with a CUPS-PPD,
+seems to be a very elegant way to overcome all these shortcomings. The
+PostScript driver is not known to cause major stability problems on WTS (even
+if used with many different PPDs). The clients will be able to (again) chose
+paper trays, duplex printing and other settings. However, there is a certain
+price for this too: a  CUPS server acting as a PostScript RIP for its clients
+requires more CPU and RAM than just to act as  a "raw spooling" device. Plus,
+this setup is not yet widely tested, although the first feedbacks look very
+promising...
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Setting up CUPS for driver download</title>
+
+<para>
+The <command>cupsadsmb</command> utility (shipped with all current
+CUPS versions) makes the sharing of any (or all) installed CUPS printers very
+easy. Prior to using it, you need the following settings in &smb.conf;:
+</para>
+
+	<para><programlisting>[global]
+		 load printers = yes
+		 printing = cups
+		 printcap name = cups
+
+	[printers]
+		 comment = All Printers
+		 path = /var/spool/samba
+		 browseable = no
+		 public = yes
+		 guest ok = yes
+		 writable = no
+		 printable = yes
+		 printer admin = root
+
+	[print$]
+		 comment = Printer Drivers
+		 path = /etc/samba/drivers
+		 browseable = yes
+		 guest ok = no
+		 read only = yes
+		 write list = root
+	</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+For licensing reasons the necessary files of the Adobe
+Postscript driver can not be distributed with either Samba or CUPS. You need
+to download them yourself from the Adobe website. Once extracted, create a
+<filename>drivers</filename> directory in the CUPS data directory (usually
+<filename>/usr/share/cups/</filename>). Copy the Adobe files using
+UPPERCASE filenames, to this directory as follows:
+</para>
+
+	<para><programlisting>
+		ADFONTS.MFM
+		ADOBEPS4.DRV
+		ADOBEPS4.HLP
+		ADOBEPS5.DLL
+		ADOBEPSU.DLL
+		ADOBEPSU.HLP
+		DEFPRTR2.PPD
+		ICONLIB.DLL
+	</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+Users of the ESP Print Pro software are able to install
+their "Samba Drivers" package for this purpose with no problem.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Sources of CUPS drivers / PPDs</title>
+
+<para>
+On the internet you can find now many thousand CUPS-PPD
+files (with their companion filters), in many national languages,
+supporting more than 1.000 non-PostScript models.
+</para>
+
+<itemizedlist>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/">ESP PrintPro
+    (http://wwwl.easysw.com/printpro/)</ulink>
+    (commercial, non-Free) is packaged with more than 3.000 PPDs, ready for
+    successful usage "out of the box" on Linux, IBM-AIX, HP-UX, Sun-Solaris,
+    SGI-IRIX, Compaq Tru64, Digital Unix and some more commercial Unices (it
+    is written by the CUPS developers themselves and its sales help finance
+    the further development of CUPS, as they feed their creators)</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para>the <ulink
+    url="http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/">Gimp-Print-Project
+    (http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/)</ulink>
+    (GPL, Free Software) provides around 120 PPDs (supporting nearly 300
+    printers, many driven to photo quality output), to be used alongside the
+    Gimp-Print CUPS filters;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.turboprint.com/">TurboPrint
+    (http://www.turboprint.com/)</ulink>
+    (Shareware, non-Freee) supports roughly the same amount of printers in
+    excellent quality;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink
+    url="http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/">OMNI
+    (http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/linux/projects/omni/)</ulink>
+    (LPGL, Free) is a package made by IBM, now containing support for more
+    than 400 printers, stemming from the inheritance of IBM OS/2 KnowHow
+    ported over to Linux (CUPS support is in a Beta-stage at present);</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink url="http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/">HPIJS
+    (http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/)</ulink>
+    (BSD-style licnes, Free) supports around 120 of HP's own printers and is
+    also providing excellent print quality now;</para></listitem>
+  <listitem><para><ulink
+    url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/">Foomatic/cupsomatic (http://www.linuxprinting.org/)</ulink>
+    (LPGL, Free) from Linuxprinting.org are providing PPDs for practically every
+    Ghostscript filter known to the world, now usable with CUPS.</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+<para>
+<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>the cupsomatic trick from Linuxprinting.org is
+working different from the other drivers. While the other drivers take the
+generic CUPS raster (produced by CUPS' own pstoraster PostScript RIP) as
+their input, cupsomatic "kidnaps" the PostScript inside CUPS, before
+RIP-ping, deviates it to an external Ghostscript installation (which now
+becomes the RIP) and gives it back to a CUPS backend once Ghostscript is
+finished. -- CUPS versions from 1.1.15 and later will provide their pstoraster
+PostScript RIP function again inside a system-wide Ghostscript
+installation rather than in "their own" pstoraster filter. (This
+CUPS-enabling Ghostscript version may be installed either as a
+patch to GNU or AFPL Ghostscript, or as a complete ESP Ghostscript package).
+However, this will not change the cupsomatic approach of guiding the printjob
+along a different path through the filtering system than the standard CUPS
+way...
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Once you installed a printer inside CUPS with one of the
+recommended methods (the lpadmin command, the web browser interface or one of
+the available GUI wizards), you can use <command>cupsaddsmb</command> to share the
+printer via Samba. <command>cupsaddsmb</command> prepares the driver files for
+comfortable client download and installation upon their first contact with
+this printer share.
+</para>
+
+
+
+<sect2>
+<title><command>cupsaddsmb</command></title>
+
+
+<para>
+The <command>cupsaddsmb</command> command copies the needed files
+for convenient Windows client installations from the previously prepared CUPS
+data directory to your [print$] share. Additionally, the PPD
+associated with this printer is copied from <filename>/etc/cups/ppd/</filename> to
+[print$].
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+<prompt>root# </prompt> <command>cupsaddsmb -U root infotec_IS2027</command>
+Password for root required to access localhost via
+SAMBA: <userinput>[type in password 'secret']</userinput>
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+To share all printers and drivers, use the <parameter>-a</parameter>
+parameter instead of a printer name.
+</para>
+
+
+<para>
+Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the
+<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Probably you want to see what's going on. Use the
+<parameter>-v</parameter> parameter to get a more verbose output:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+Note: The following line shave been wrapped so that information is not lost.
+ 
+<prompt>root# </prompt> cupsaddsmb -v -U root infotec_IS2027
+    Password for root required to access localhost via SAMBA:
+    Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir W32X86;put
+       /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put
+       /usr/share/cups/drivers/
+       ADOBEPS5.DLL W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLLr
+       W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL;put /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP'
+    added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0
+    added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs]
+    NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \W32X86
+    putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as
+      \W32X86/infotec_IS2027.PPD (17394.6 kb/s) (average 17395.2 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS5.DLL as
+      \W32X86/ADOBEPS5.DLL (10877.4 kb/s) (average 11343.0 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.DLL as
+      \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.DLL (5095.2 kb/s) (average 9260.4 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPSU.HLP as
+      \W32X86/ADOBEPSU.HLP (8828.7 kb/s) (average 9247.1 kb/s)
+
+    Running command: smbclient //localhost/print\$ -N -U'root%secret' -c 'mkdir WIN40;put
+      /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL;put
+      /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL WIN40/PSMON.DLL;'
+    added interface ip=10.160.16.45 bcast=10.160.31.255 nmask=255.255.240.0
+    added interface ip=192.168.182.1 bcast=192.168.182.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    added interface ip=172.16.200.1 bcast=172.16.200.255 nmask=255.255.255.0
+    Domain=[TUX-NET] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 2.2.3a.200204262025cvs]
+    NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION making remote directory \WIN40
+    putting file /var/spool/cups/tmp/3cd1cc66376c0 as
+      \WIN40/infotec_IS2027.PPD (26091.5 kb/s) (average 26092.8 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADFONTS.MFM as
+      \WIN40/ADFONTS.MFM (11241.6 kb/s) (average 11812.9 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.DRV as
+      \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.DRV (16640.6 kb/s) (average 14679.3 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ADOBEPS4.HLP as
+      \WIN40/ADOBEPS4.HLP (11285.6 kb/s) (average 14281.5 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/DEFPRTR2.PPD as
+      \WIN40/DEFPRTR2.PPD (823.5 kb/s) (average 12944.0 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/ICONLIB.DLL as
+      \WIN40/ICONLIB.DLL (19226.2 kb/s) (average 13169.7 kb/s)
+    putting file /usr/share/cups/drivers/PSMON.DLL as
+      \WIN40/PSMON.DLL (18666.1 kb/s) (average 13266.7 kb/s)
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret'
+       -c 'adddriver "Windows NT x86"
+       "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:
+		ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"'
+    cmd = adddriver "Windows NT x86"
+       "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS5.DLL:infotec_IS2027.PPD:ADOBEPSU.DLL:
+       ADOBEPSU.HLP:NULL:RAW:NULL"
+    Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed.
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret'
+       -c 'adddriver "Windows 4.0"
+       "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:
+		ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW: ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"'
+    cmd = adddriver "Windows 4.0" "infotec_IS2027:ADOBEPS4.DRV:
+		infotec_IS2027.PPD:NULL:ADOBEPS4.HLP:PSMON.DLL:RAW:
+		ADFONTS.MFM,DEFPRTR2.PPD,ICONLIB.DLL"
+    Printer Driver infotec_IS2027 successfully installed.
+
+    Running command: rpcclient localhost -N -U'root%secret'
+       -c 'setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027'
+    cmd = setdriver infotec_IS2027 infotec_IS2027
+    Succesfully set infotec_IS2027 to driver infotec_IS2027.
+
+    <prompt>root# </prompt>
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+If you look closely, you'll discover your root password was transfered unencrypted over
+the wire, so beware! Also, if you look further her, you'll discover error messages like
+<constant>NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_COLLISION</constant> in between. They occur, because
+the directories <filename>WIN40</filename> and <filename>W32X86</filename> already
+existed in the [print$] driver download share (from a previous driver
+installation). They are harmless here.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Now your printer is prepared for the clients to use. From
+a client, browse to the CUPS/Samba server, open the "Printers"
+share, right-click on this printer and select "Install..." or
+"Connect..." (depending on the Windows version you use). Now their
+should be a new printer in your client's local "Printers" folder,
+named (in my case) "infotec_IS2027 on kdebitshop"
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<emphasis>NOTE: </emphasis>
+<command>cupsaddsmb</command> will only reliably work i
+with CUPS version 1.1.15 or higher
+and Samba from 2.2.4. If it doesn't work, or if the automatic printer
+driver download to the clients doesn't succeed, you can still manually
+install the CUPS printer PPD on top of the Adobe PostScript driver on
+clients and then point the client's printer queue to the Samba printer
+share for connection, should you desire to use the CUPS networked
+PostScript RIP functions.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>The CUPS Filter Chains</title>
+
+<para>
+The following diagrams reveal how CUPS handles print jobs.
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# CUPS in and of itself has this (general) filter chain (CAPITAL
+# letters are FILE-FORMATS or MIME types, other are filters (this is
+# true for pre-1.1.15 of pre-4.3 versions of CUPS and ESP PrintPro):
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstoraster   # as shipped with CUPS, independent from any Ghostscipt
+#      |           # installation on the system
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>  (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here)
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# ESP PrintPro has some enhanced "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>" filters as compared to
+# CUPS, and also a somewhat improved "pstoraster" filter.
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# This is how "cupsomatic" comes into play:
+# =========================================
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          V
+#      V                                         cupsomatic
+#    pstoraster                                  (constructs complicated
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")            Ghostscript commandline
+#      |                                         to let the file be
+#      V                                         processed by a
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER                    "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>"
+#      |                                         call...)
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>                          V
+#      |    (= "raster driver")     +-------------------------+
+#      |                            | Ghostscript at work.... |
+#      V                            |                         |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC         *-------------------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    backend &gt;------------------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    THE PRINTER
+#
+#
+# Note, that cupsomatic "kidnaps" the printfile after the
+# "APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRPT" stage and deviates it through
+# the CUPS-external, systemwide Ghostscript installation, bypassing the
+# "pstoraster" filter (therefor also bypassing the CUPS-raster-drivers
+# "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>", and hands the rasterized file directly to the CUPS
+# backend...
+#
+# cupsomatic is not made by the CUPS developers. It is an independent
+# contribution to printing development, made by people from
+# Linuxprinting.org. (see also http://www.cups.org/cups-help.html)
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for ESP PrintPro from 4.3:
+# ===================================================
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     gsrip
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>  (f.e. Gimp-Print filters may be plugged in here)
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# This is how "cupsomatic" would come into play with ESP PrintPro:
+# ================================================================
+#
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT ----------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          V
+#      V                                         cupsomatic
+#    gsrip                                       (constructs complicated
+#      |  (= "postscipt interpreter")            Ghostscript commandline
+#      |                                         to let the file be
+#      V                                         processed by a
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER                    "-sDEVICE=<replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>"
+#      |                                         call...)
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>                          V
+#      |   (= "raster driver")      +-------------------------+
+#      |                            | Ghostscript at work.... |
+#      V                            |                         |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC         *-------------------------+
+#      |                                          |
+#      |                                          |
+#      V                                          |
+#    backend &gt;------------------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#    THE PRINTER
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15:
+# ==============================================
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+
+#                                     |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                  | Ghostscript                                     |
+#                  | at work...                                      |
+#                  | (with                                           |
+#                  | "-sDEVICE=cups")                                |
+#                  |                                                 |
+#                  |         (= "postscipt interpreter")             |
+#                  |                                                 |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                                     |
+#                                     |
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER &gt;-------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>
+#      |   (= "raster driver")
+#      |
+#      V
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# NOTE: since version 1.1.15 CUPS "outsourced" the pstoraster process to
+#       Ghostscript. GNU Ghostscript needs to be patched to handle the
+#       CUPS requirement; ESP Ghostscript has this builtin. In any case,
+#       "gs -h" needs to show up a "cups" device. pstoraster is now a
+#       calling an appropriate "gs -sDEVICE=cups..." commandline to do
+#       the job. It will output "application/vnd.cup-raster", which will
+#       be finally processed by a CUPS raster driver "rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>"
+#       Note the difference to "cupsomatic", which will *not* output
+#       CUPS-raster, but a final version of the printfile, ready to be
+#       sent to the printer. cupsomatic also doesn't use the "cups"
+#       devicemode in Ghostscript, but one of the classical devicemodes....
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+#########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+<programlisting>
+#########################################################################
+#
+# And this is how it works for CUPS from 1.1.15, with cupsomatic included:
+# ========================================================================
+#
+# <replaceable>SOMETHNG</replaceable>-FILEFORMAT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     <replaceable>something</replaceable>tops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/POSTSCRIPT
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     pstops
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-POSTSCRIPT-----+
+#                                     |
+#                  +------------------v------------------------------+
+#                  | Ghostscript        . Ghostscript at work....    |
+#                  | at work...         . (with "-sDEVICE=           |
+#                  | (with              .            <replaceable>s.th.</replaceable>"        |
+#                  | "-sDEVICE=cups")   .                            |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  | (CUPS standard)    .      (cupsomatic)          |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  |          (= "postscript interpreter")           |
+#                  |                    .                            |
+#                  +------------------v--------------v---------------+
+#                                     |              |
+#                                     |              |
+# APPLICATION/VND.CUPS-RASTER &gt;-------+              |
+#      |                                             |
+#      |                                             |
+#      V                                             |
+#     rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable>                            |
+#      |   (= "raster driver")                       |
+#      |                                             |
+#      V                                             |
+# SOMETHING-DEVICE-SPECIFIC &gt;------------------------+
+#      |
+#      |
+#      V
+#     backend
+#
+#
+# NOTE: Gimp-Print and some other 3rd-Party-Filters (like TurboPrint) to
+#       CUPS and ESP PrintPro plug-in where rasterto<replaceable>something</replaceable> is noted.
+#
+##########################################################################
+</programlisting>
+
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>CUPS Print Drivers and Devices</title>
+
+<para>
+CUPS ships with good support for HP LaserJet type printers. You can install
+the driver as follows:
+
+<itemizedlist>
+	<listitem><para>
+	lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E -m laserjet.ppd
+	</para></listitem>
+</itemizedlist>
+
+(The "-m" switch will retrieve the "laserjet.ppd" from the standard repository
+for not-yet-installed-PPDs, which CUPS typically stores in 
+<filename>/usr/share/cups/model</filename>. Alternatively, you may use
+"-P /absolute/filesystem/path/to/where/there/is/PPD/your.ppd").
+</para>
+
+<sect2>
+<title>Further printing steps</title>
+
+<para>
+Always also consult the database on linuxprinting.org for all recommendations
+about which driver is best used for each printer:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi">http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+There select your model and click on "Show". You'll arrive at a page listing
+all drivers working with your model. There will always be *one* 
+<emphasis>recommended</emphasis> one. Try this one first. In your case
+("HP LaserJet 4 Plus"), you'll arrive here:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_printer.cgi?recnum=75104</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+The recommended driver is "ljet4". It has a link to the page for the ljet4
+driver too:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4">http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=ljet4</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+On the driver's page, you'll find important and detailed info about how to use
+that driver within the various available spoolers. You can generate a PPD for
+CUPS. The PPD contains all the info about how to use your model and the driver;
+this is, once installed, working transparently for the user -- you'll only
+need to choose resolution, paper size etc. from the web-based menu or from
+the print dialog GUI or from the commandline...
+</para>
+
+<para>
+On the driver's page, choose to use the "PPD-O-Matic" online PPD generator
+program. Select your model and click "Generate PPD file". When you safe the
+appearing ASCII text file, don't use "cut'n'past" (as it could possiblly corrupt
+line endings and tabs), but use "Save as..." in your browser's menu. Save it
+at "/some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd"
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Then install the printer:
+</para>
+<para><programlisting>
+    "lpadmin -p laserjet4plus -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E \
+          -P /some/path/on/your/filesystem/somewhere/my-name-for-my-printer.ppd"
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<para>
+Note, that for all the "Foomatic-PPDs" from Linuxprinting.org, you also need
+a special "CUPS filter" named "cupsomatic". Get the latest version of
+"cupsomatic" from:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cupsomatic</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+This needs to be copied to <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic</filename>
+and be made world executable. This filter is needed to read and act upon the
+specially encoded Foomatic comments, embedded in the printfile, which in turn
+are used to construct (transparently for you, the user) the complicated
+ghostscript command line needed for your printer/driver combo.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can have a look at all the options for the Ghostscript commandline supported
+by your printer and the ljet4 driver by going to the section "Execution details",
+selecting your model (Laserjet 4 Plus) and clicking on "Show execution details".
+This will bring up this web page:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&amp;printer=75104&amp;.submit=Show+execution+details">http://www.linuxprinting.org/execution.cgi?driver=ljet4&amp;printer=75104&amp;.submit=Show+execution+details</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+The ingenious thing is that the database is kept current. If there
+is a bug fix and an improvement somewhere in the database, you will
+always get the most current and stable and feature-rich driver by following
+the steps described above.
+</para>
+
+<note><para>
+Till Kamppeter from MandrakeSoft is doing an excellent job here that too few
+people are aware of. (So if you use it often, please send him a note showing
+your appreciation).</para></note>
+
+<para>
+The latest and greatest improvement now is support for "custom page sizes"
+for all those printers which support it.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"cupsomatic" is documented here:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html">http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+More printing tutorial info may be found here:
+</para>
+
+<para><ulink url="http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/">http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/LinuxKongress2002/Tutorial/</ulink></para>
+
+<para>
+Note, that *all* the Foomatic drivers listed on Linuxprinting.org (now
+approaching the "all-time high" number of 1.000 for the supported models)
+are using a special filtering chain involving Ghostscript, as described
+in this document.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Summary - You need:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<simplelist>
+	<member>A "foomatic+<replaceable>something</replaceable>" PPD is not enough to print with CUPS (but it is *one* important component)</member>
+	<member>The "cupsomatic" filter script (Perl) in <filename>/usr/lib/cups/filters/</filename></member>
+	<member>Perl to make cupsomatic run</member>
+	<member>Ghostscript (because it is called and controlled by the PPD/cupsomatic combo in a way to fit your printermodel/driver combo.</member>
+	<member>Ghostscript *must*, depending on the driver/model, contain support for a certain "device" (as shown by "gs -h")</member>
+</simplelist>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+In the case of the "hpijs" driver, you need a Ghostscript version, which
+has "ijs" amongst its supported devices in "gs -h". In the case of
+"hpijs+foomatic", a valid ghostscript commandline would be reading like this:
+</para>
+
+<para><programlisting>
+       gs -q -dBATCH -dPARANOIDSAFER -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=ijs       \
+             -sIjsServer=hpijs<replaceable>PageSize</replaceable> -dDuplex=<replaceable>Duplex</replaceable> <replaceable>Model</replaceable>        \
+             -r<replaceable>Resolution</replaceable>,PS:MediaPosition=<replaceable>InputSlot</replaceable> -dIjsUseOutputFD \
+             -sOutputFile=- -
+</programlisting></para>
+
+<note><para>
+Note, that with CUPS and the "hpijs+foomatic" PPD (plus Perl and cupsomatic)
+you don't need to remember this. You can choose the available print options
+thru a GUI print command (like "glp" from ESP's commercially supported
+PrintPro software, or KDE's "kprinter", or GNOME's "gtklp" or the independent
+"xpp") or the CUPS web interface via human-readable drop-down selection
+menus.
+</para></note>
+
+<para>
+If you use "ESP Ghostscript" (also under the GPL, provided by Easy Software
+Products, the makers of CUPS, downloadable from
+<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>,
+co-maintained by the developers of linuxprinting.org), you are guaranteed to
+have in use the most uptodate, bug-fixed, enhanced and stable version of a Free
+Ghostscript. It contains support for ~300 devices, whereas plain vanilla
+GNU Ghostscript 7.05 only has ~200.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you print only one CUPS test page, from the web interface and when you try to
+print a windows test page, it acts like the job was never sent:
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>Can you print "standard" jobs from the CUPS machine?</member>
+	<member>Are the jobs from Windows visible in the Web interface on CUPS (http://localhost:631/)?</member>
+	<member><emphasis>Most important:</emphasis> What kind of printer driver are you using on the Windows clients?</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+You can try to get a more detailed debugging info by setting "LogLevel debug" in
+<filename>/etc/cups/cupsd.conf</filename>, re-start cupsd and investigate <filename>/var/log/cups/error_log</filename>
+for the whereabouts of your Windows-originating printjobs:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>what does the "auto-typing" line say? which is the "MIME type" CUPS thinks is arriving from the Windows clients?</member>
+	<member>are there "filter" available for this MIME type?</member>
+	<member>are there "filter rules" defined in "/etc/cups/mime.convs" for this MIME type?</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+</sect2>
+
+</sect1>
+
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Limiting the number of pages users can print</title>
+
+<para>
+The feature you want is dependent on the real print subsystem you're using.
+Samba's part is always to receive the job files from the clients (filtered
+*or* unfiltered) and hand it over to this printing subsystem.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Of course one could "hack" things with one's own scripts.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+But there is CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). CUPS supports "quotas".
+Quotas can be based on sizes of jobs or on the number of pages or both,
+and are spanning any time period you want.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+This is an example command how root would set a print quota in CUPS,
+assuming an existing printer named "quotaprinter":
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+  lpadmin -p quotaprinter -o job-quota-period=604800 -o job-k-limit=1024 \
+       -o job-page-limit=100
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+This would limit every single user to print 100 pages or 1024 KB of
+data (whichever comes first) within the last 604.800 seconds ( = 1 week).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+For CUPS to count correctly, the printfile needs to pass the CUPS "pstops" filter,
+otherwise it uses a "dummy" count of "1". Some printfiles don't pass it
+(eg: image files) but then those are mostly 1 page jobs anyway. This also means,
+proprietary drivers for the target printer running on the client computers and
+CUPS/Samba then spooling these files as "raw" (i.e. leaving them untouched, not
+filtering them), will be counted as "1-pagers" too!
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You need to send PostScript from the clients (i.e. run a PostScript driver there)
+for having the chance to get accounting done. If the printer is a non-PostScript model,
+you need to let CUPS do the job to convert the file to a print-ready format for the
+target printer. This will be working for currently ~1.000 different printer models, see
+</para>
+
+<programlisting>
+     http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+Before CUPS-1.1.16 your only option was to use the Adobe PostScript
+Driver on the Windows clients. The output of this driver was not always
+passed thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba side, and therefor was
+not counted correctly (the reason is that it often --- depending on the
+"PPD" being used --- did write a "PJL"-header in front of the real
+PostScript which made CUPS to skip the pstops and go directy to
+the "pstoraster" stage).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+From CUPS-1.1.16 onward you can use the "CUPS PostScript Driver
+for Windows NT/2K/XP clients" (it is tagged in the download area of
+http://www.cups.org/ as the "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz" package).
+It is *not* working for Win9x/ME clients. But it:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>it guarantees to not write an PJL-header</member>
+	<member>it guarantees to still read and support all PJL-options named in the driver PPD with its own means</member>
+	<member>it guarantees the file going thru the "pstops" filter on the CUPS/Samba server</member>
+	<member>it guarantees to page-count correctly the printfile</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+You can read more about the setup of this combination in the
+manpage for "cupsaddsmb" (only present with CUPS installed, only
+current with CUPS 1.1.16).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+These are the items CUPS logs in the "page_log" for every single *page* of a job:
+</para>
+
+<para><simplelist>
+<member>Printer name</member>
+<member>User name</member>
+<member>Job ID</member>
+<member>Time of printing</member>
+<member>the page number</member>
+<member>the number of copies</member>
+<member>a billing info string (optional)</member>
+</simplelist>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Here is an extract of my CUPS server's page_log file to illustrate
+the format and included items:
+</para>
+
+<para><computeroutput>
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 1 2  #marketing
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 2 2  #marketing
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 3 2  #marketing
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 4 2  #marketing
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 5 2  #marketing
+	infotec_IS2027 kurt 40 [22/Nov/2002:13:18:03 +0100] 6 2  #marketing
+</computeroutput></para>
+
+<para>
+This was Job ID "40", printed on "infotec_IS2027" by user "kurt", a 6-page job
+printed in 2 copies and billed to "#marketing"...
+</para>
+
+<para>
+What flaws or shortcomings are there?
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>the ones named above</member>
+
+	<member>
+	CUPS really counts the job pages being *processsed in software*
+	(going thru the "RIP") rather than the physical sheets successfully
+	leaving the printing device -- if there is a jam while printing
+	the 5th sheet out of 1000 and the job is aborted by the printer,
+	the "page count" will still show the figure of 1000 for that job
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	all quotas are the same for all users (no flexibility to give the
+	boss a higher quota than the clerk) no support for groups
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	no means to read out the current balance or "used-up" number of current quota
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	a user having used up 99 sheets of 100 quota will still be able to send and print a 1.000 sheet job
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	a user being denied a job because of a filled-up quota doesn't get a meaningful
+	error message from CUPS other than "client-error-not-possible".
+	</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+But this is the best system out there currently. And there are
+huge improvements under development:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>page counting will go into the "backends" (these talk
+	directly to the printer and will increase the count in sync with the
+	 actual printing process -- a jam at the 5th sheet will lead to a stop in the counting)</member>
+
+	<member>quotas will be handled more flexibly</member>
+
+	<member>probably there will be support for users to inquire their "accounts" in advance</member>
+
+	<member>probably there will be support for some other tools around this topic</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+Other than the current stage of the CUPS development, I don't
+know any other ready-to-use tool which you could consider.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You can download the driver files from
+<ulink url="http://www.cups.org/software.html">http://www.cups.org/software.html</ulink>.
+It is a separate package from the CUPS base software files, tagged as "CUPS 1.1.16
+Windows NT/2k/XP Printer Driver for SAMBA (tar.gz, 192k)". The filename to
+download is "cups-samba-1.1.16.tar.gz". Upon untar-/unzip-ping it will reveal
+the files:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<computeroutput>
+   cups-samba.install
+   cups-samba.license
+   cups-samba.readme
+   cups-samba.remove
+   cups-samba.ss
+</computeroutput>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+These have been packaged with the ESP meta packager software "EPM". The
+*.install and *.remove files are simple shell script, which untars the
+*.ss (which is nothing else than a tar-archive) and puts its contents
+into <filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. Its contents are 3 files:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<computeroutput>
+   cupsdrvr.dll
+   cupsui.dll
+   cups.hlp
+</computeroutput>
+</para>
+
+<caution><para>
+Due to a bug one CUPS release puts the <filename>cups.hlp</filename>
+into <filename>/usr/share/drivers/</filename> instead of
+<filename>/usr/share/cups/drivers/</filename>. To work around this, copy/move
+the file after running the "./cups-samba.install" script manually to the right place:
+</para>
+
+	<para>
+<userinput> cp /usr/share/drivers/cups.hlp /usr/share/cups/drivers/
+</userinput>
+	</para></caution>
+
+<note>
+<para>
+This new CUPS PostScript driver is currently binary-only, but free
+no source code is provided (yet). The reason is this: it has
+been developed with the help of the Microsoft Driver Developer Kit (DDK)
+and compiled with Microsoft Visual Studio 6. It is not clear to the driver
+developers if they are allowed to distribute the whole of the source code
+as Free Software. However, they will likely release the "diff" in source
+code under the GPL, so anybody with a license of Visual Studio and a DDK
+will be able to compile for him/herself.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Once you have run the install script (and possibly manually moved the
+"cups.hlp" file to "/usr/share/cups/drivers/"), the driver is ready to be
+put into Samba's [print$] share (which often maps to "/etc/samba/drivers/"
+and contains a subdir tree with WIN40 and W32X86 branches), by running
+"cupsaddsmb" (see also "man cupsaddsmb" for CUPS 1.1.16). [Don't forget to
+put root into the smbpasswd file by running "smbpasswd" should you run
+this whole procedure for the first time.] Once the driver files are in the
+[print$] share, they are ready to be downloaded and installed by the
+Win NT/2k/XP clients.
+</para></note>
+
+
+	<note><para>
+	Win 9x/ME clients won't work with this driver. For these you'd
+	still need to use the ADOBE*.* drivers as previously.
+	</para></note>
+
+	<note><para>
+	It is not harming if you've still the ADOBE*.* driver files from
+	previous installations in the "/usr/share/cups/drivers/" directory.
+	The new cupsaddsmb (from 1.1.16) will automatically use the
+	"newest" installed driver (which here then is the CUPS drivers).
+	</para></note>
+
+	<note><para>
+	Should your Win clients have had the old ADOBE*.* files and the
+	Adobe PostScript drivers installed, the download and installation
+	of the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP will fail
+	at first.
+	</para>
+	<para>
+	It is not enough to "delete" the printer (as the driver files
+	will still be kept by the clients and re-used if you try to
+	re-install the printer). To really get rid of the Adobe driver
+	files on the clients, open the "Printers" folder (possibly via
+	"Start --> Settings --> Control Panel --> Printers"), right-click
+	onto the folder background and select "Server Properties". A
+	new dialog opens; select the "Drivers" tab; on the list select
+	the driver you want to delete and click on the "Delete" button.
+	(This will only work if there is no single printer left which
+	uses that particular driver -- you need to "delete" all printers
+	using this driver in the "Printers" folder first.)
+	</para>
+	</note>
+
+	<note><para>
+	Once you have successfully downloaded the CUPS PostScript driver
+	to a client, you can easily switch all printers to this one
+	by proceeding as described elsewhere in the "Samba HOWTO
+	Collection" to change a driver for an existing printer.
+	</para></note>
+
+<para>
+What are the benefits with the "CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2k/XP"
+as compared to the Adobe drivers?
+</para>
+       
+<para>
+<simplelist>
+	<member><para>
+	no hassle with the Adobe EULA
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	no hassle with the question "where do I get the ADOBE*.* driver files from?"
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the Adobe drivers (depending on the printer PPD associated with them)
+	often put a PJL header in front of the core PostScript part of the print
+	file (thus the file starts with "<replaceable>1B</replaceable>%-12345X"
+	or "<replaceable>escape</replaceable>%-12345X"
+	instead of "%!PS"). This leads to the CUPS daemon autotyping the
+	arriving file as a print-ready file, not requiring a pass thru the
+	"pstops" filter (to speak more technical, it is not regarded as the
+	generic MIME type "application/postscript", but as the more special
+	MIME type "application/cups.vnd-postscript"), which therefore also
+	leads to the page accounting in "/var/log/cups/page_log" not receiving
+	the exact mumber of pages; instead the dummy page number of "1" is
+	logged in a standard setup)
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the Adobe driver has more options to "mis-configure" the PostScript
+	generated by it (like setting it inadvertedly to "Optimize for Speed",
+	instead of "Optimize for Portability", which could lead to CUPS being
+	unable to process it)
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the CUPS PostScript driver output sent by Windows clients to the CUPS
+	server will be guaranteed to be auto-typed as generic MIME type
+	"application/postscript", thusly passing thru the CUPS "pstops" filter
+	and logging the correct number of pages in the page_log for accounting
+	and quota purposes
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the CUPS PostScript driver supports the sending of additional print
+	options by the Win NT/2k/XP clients, such as naming the CUPS standard
+	banner pages (or the custom ones, should they be installed at the time
+	of driver download), using the CUPS "page-label" option, setting a
+	job-priority and setting the scheduled time of printing (with the option
+	to support additional useful IPP job attributes in the future).
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the CUPS PostScript driver supports the inclusion of the new
+	"*cupsJobTicket" comments at the beginnig of the PostScript file (which
+	could be used in the future for all sort of beneficial extensions on
+	the CUPS side, but which will not disturb any other application as those
+	will regard it as a comment and simply ignore it).
+	</para></member>
+
+	<member><para>
+	the CUPS PostScript driver will be the heart of the fully fledged CUPS
+	IPP client for Windows NT/2k/XP to be released soon (probably alongside
+	the first Beta release for CUPS 1.2).
+	</para></member>
+
+</simplelist>
+</para>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Advanced Postscript Printing from MS Windows</title>
+
+<para>
+Let the Windows Clients use a PostScript driver to deliver poistscript to
+the samba print server (just like any Linux or Unix Client would also use
+PostScript to send to the server)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Make the Unix printing subsystem to which Samba sends the job convert the
+incoming PostScript files to the native print format of the target printers
+(would be PCL if you have an HP printer)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Now if you are afraid that this would just mean using a *Generic* PostScript
+driver for the clients that has no Simplex/Duplex selection, and no paper tray
+choice, but you need them to be able to set up print jobs, with all the bells
+and whistles of your printers:-
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+	<member>Not possible with traditional spooling systems</member>
+
+	<member>
+	But perfectly supported by CUPS (which uses "PPD" files to
+	describe how to control the print options for PostScript and
+	non-PostScript devices alike...
+	</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+CUPS PPDs are working perfectly on Windows clients who use Adobe PostScript
+drivers (or the new CUPS PostScript driver for Windows NT/2K/XP). Clients can use
+them to setup the job to their liking and CUPS will use the received job options
+to make the (PCL-, ESC/P- or PostScript-) printer behave as required.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want to have the additional benefit of page count logging and accounting
+then the CUPS PostScript driver is the best choice (better than the Adobe one).
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you want to make the drivers downloadable for the clients then "cupsaddsmb" is
+your friend. It will setup the [print$] share on the Samba host to be ready to serve
+the clients for a "point and print" driver installation.
+</para>
+
+<warning>
+<para>What strings are attached?</para></warning>
+
+<para>
+There are some. But, given the sheer CPU power you can buy nowadays,
+these can be overcome easily. The strings:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Well, if the CUPS/Samba side will have to print to many printers serving many users,
+you probably will need to set up a second server (which can do automatic load balancing
+with the first one, plus a degree of fail-over mechanism). Converting the incoming
+PostScript jobs, "interpreting" them for non-PostScript printers, amounts to the work
+of a "RIP" (Raster Image Processor) done in software. This requires more CPU and RAM
+than for the mere "raw spooling" task your current setup is solving. It all depends
+on the avarage and peak printing load the server should be able to handle.
+</para>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1>
+<title>Auto-Deletion of CUPS spool files</title>
+
+<para>
+Samba print files pass thru two "spool" directories. One the incoming directory
+managed by Samba, (set eg: in the <command>path = /var/spool/samba</command> directive in the [printers]
+section of &smb.conf;). Second is the spool directory of your UNIX print subsystem.
+For CUPS it is normally "/var/spool/cups/", as set by the cupsd.conf directive
+"RequestRoot /var/spool/cups".
+</para>
+
+<para>
+I am not sure, which one of your directories keeps the files.  From what you say,
+it is most likely the Samba part.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+For the CUPS part, you may want to consult:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobFiles</member>
+<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#PreserveJobHistory</member>
+<member>http://localhost:631/sam.html#MaxJobs</member>
+</simplelist>
+
+<para>
+There are the settings described for your CUPS daemon, which could lead to completed
+job files not being deleted.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"PreserveJobHistory Yes" -- keeps some details of jobs in
+cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "c12345", "c12346" etc. files
+in the CUPS spool directory, which do a similar job as the
+old-fashioned BSD-LPD control files). This is set to "Yes"
+as a default.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"PreserveJobFiles Yes" -- keeps the job files themselves in
+cupsd's mind (well it keeps the "d12345", "d12346" etc. files
+in the CUPS spool directory...). This is set to "No" as the
+CUPS default.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+"MaxJobs 500" -- this directive controls the maximum number
+of jobs that are kept in memory. Once the number of jobs
+reaches the limit, the oldest completed job is automatically
+purged from the system to make room for the new one. If all
+of the known jobs are still pending or active then the new
+job will be rejected. Setting the maximum to 0 disables this
+functionality. The default setting is 0.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+(There are also additional settings for "MaxJobsPerUser" and
+"MaxJobsPerPrinter"...)
+</para>
+
+<para>
+For everything to work as announced, you need to have three things:
+</para>
+
+<simplelist>
+
+	<member>
+	a Samba-&smbd; which is compiled against "libcups" (Check on Linux by running <userinput>ldd `which smbd`</userinput>)
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	a Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printing = cups</command>
+	</member>
+
+	<member>
+	another Samba-&smb.conf; setting of <command>printcap = cups</command>
+	</member>
+
+</simplelist>
+
+<note><para>
+Note, that in this case all other manually set printing-related
+commands (like "print command", "lpq command", "lprm command",
+"lppause command" or "lpresume command") are ignored and they
+should normally have no influence what-so-ever on your printing.
+</para></note>
+
+<para>
+If you want to do things manually, replace the "printing = cups"
+by "printing = bsd". Then your manually set commands may work
+(haven't tested this), and a "print command = lp -d %P %s; rm %s"
+may do what you need.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+You forgot to mention the CUPS version you're using. If you did
+set things up as described in the man pages, then the Samba
+spool files should be deleted. Otherwise it may be a bug. On
+the CUPS side, you can control the behaviour as described
+above.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+If you have more problems, post the output of these commands:
+</para>
+
+<para>
+<userinput>
+   grep -v ^# /etc/cups/cupsd.conf | grep -v ^$
+   grep -v ^# /etc/samba/smb.conf | grep -v ^$ | grep -v "^;"
+</userinput>
+</para>
+
+<para>
+(adapt paths as needed). These commands sanitize the files
+and cut out the empty lines and lines with comments, providing
+the "naked settings" in a compact way.
+</para>
+</sect1>
+</chapter>